Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport cyclique des électrons'
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Hani, Umama. "Regulation of cyclic and pseudocyclic electron transport." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB044.
Full textPhotosynthesis acts as the main gateway for energy production in natural environments and relies on the electron flow via several complexes in the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms. The major flux is “linear” electron transport, which involves the transfer of electrons from water to NADP⁺, coupled with the ATP synthesis. Photosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by manganese cluster (Mn₄CaO₅) at photosystem II (PSII). To ensure an optimal balance between the amount of energy produced and consumed, photosynthetic organisms divert part of the harvested light energy from “linear” to “alternative” electron transport pathways. Among those pathways are cyclic and pseudocyclic electron transport around Photosystem I (PSI), which supplies extra ATP to meet metabolic demands. Moreover, specialized redox systems, called " thioredoxins " are responsible for maintaining the redox status and fast acclimation of plants to constantly fluctuating environments, which could otherwise lead to toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We studied the effects of manganese (Mn) excess and deficiency on photosynthetic electron transport in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. We have shown that Mn homeostasis has an effect at both metabolic and photosynthetic levels. Moreover, we have studied the in vivo redox changes of P700 and PC using KLAS-NIR spectrophotometer and have shown that Mn deficiency seems to enhance cyclic electron transport (CET), that may indicate the presence of supercomplexes containing PSI and cytochrome b6f complex. The second part of this PhD focused on the redox regulation of oxygen reduction (pseudocyclic electron transport) at the PSI acceptor side. By using indirect spin trapping EPR spectroscopy, we have shown that Arabidopsis thaliana wild type plants generate more ROS in short day (SD) photoperiod than in long day (LD) photoperiod. Further, the current study highlighted the role of several players in redox regulation; including thioredoxins and several other lumenal and stromal proteins. Moreover, I explored that the transfer of reducing powers from stroma to lumen is mediated by a protein called CCDA and that reversible attachment of Trxm to the thylakoid membrane acts as the driving force for higher ROS under the SD light regime. Overall, this research establishes a strong connection between cyclic and pseudocyclic electron transport in terms of thioredoxins mediated redox regulations and also paves the way to further explore CET under different stress conditions
Chabert-Couchouron, Nathalie. "Synthèse et complexation de ligands acycliques et cycliques à sous-unités ferrocénopyrazoliques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20097.
Full textVilliers, Claire. "L'import de l'adénosine monophosphate cyclique chez Escherichia coli." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV034/document.
Full textCyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a signalling molecule conserved in all reigns of life. In bacteria, cAMP plays an important role in processes as diverse as the adaptation to a changing environment, the control of virulence, sporulation and competence. Although it has been proven in the 1970s that this molecule needs an active transporter to traverse the plasma membrane, the first one of these transporters was discovered only a few years ago. In 2011, Hantke et al have shown that the TolC protein is involved in the efflux of cAMP. During my PhD work I have identified the Opp complex as a major player of cAMP import into Escherichia coli. This complex, composed of proteins called OppABCD and F, is known to transport oligopeptides across the inner membrane of numerous bacterial species. To prove the involvement of the Opp complex in cAMP transport, I have used transposon mutagenesis to generate a collection of random mutants in a strain that does not produce cAMP (cyaA-). Different screens were used to detect mutants with impaired transport of extracellular cAMP into the cell. The opp operon emerged as the most promising candidate from this screen. The double mutant cyaA-oppA- was constructed and experiments designed to test the function of OppA confirmed our hypothesis. Subsequently, I overexpressed and purified OppA in order to perform biochemical experiments destined to measure the physical interaction between cAMP and OppA. I show that the Opp system is the major importer of cAMP in Escherichia coli. However, it seems that Opp is not the unique importer of cAMP. The other, very interesting candidate is the complex Dpp, known to transport dipeptides. Preliminary experiments revealed a decreased amount of cAMP in strain cyaA-dppA- compared to strain cyaA-. The experiments carried out during the last three years allow us to conclude that the Opp complex is the major importer of cAMP into E. coli and that the Dpp complex is probably a secondary transporter
Edel, Sandrine. "Modélisation du transport des photons et des électrons dans l'ADN plasmide." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30085.
Full textWe present here the last developments of the CPA100 code. The code is aimed at simulating by Monte Carlo the cascade of events intervening in the modeling of photons and electrons transport in cellular medium. Compared to the preceding works, the target is new: it acts of plasmid DNA. Our first problem relates to the optimization of all the physical stage of the primary interaction of particles with the plasmid, which number of atoms amounts per thousands. We thus present in this work new calculation methods, in particular for particles path sampling in nonhomogeneous mediums. The question of algorithmic optimization returns besides like a leitmotiv in all the stages of simulation, until the chemical phase. Parallel to this technical problem, we sought to introduce new molecular cross sections for the electrons. All electrons interactions are managed from a molecular point of view. For ionization cross sections by electron impact, the Binary–Encounter–Bethe model of Kim and Rudd is used. We also present new elastic and excitation cross sections for DNA molecules. To validate a computer code, it is important to compare simulations results with experimental ones. Two major experiments have been modelled. The first relies on the influence of photons energy on DNA damages. The second relates to DNA breakage following iodine 125 decay
Chibani, Omar. "Simulation du transport de particules (photons, électrons et positrons) : le système GEPTS." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30090.
Full textSubramanian, Narasimhamoorthy. "Caractérisation de transport des électrons dans les transistors MOS à canal court." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720613.
Full textGouyon, Florence. "Régulation du transport transepithelial intestinal du fructose." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077054.
Full textPopescu, Horia. "Génération et transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-matière à haut flux." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001799.
Full textPopescu, Horia. "Génération et transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-plasma à haut flux." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPXX0040.
Full textThe general context of this study is the Inertial Confinement for thermonuclear controlled fusion and, more precisely, the Fast Igniter (FI). In this context the knowledge of the generation and transport of fast electrons is crucial. This thesis is an experimental study of the generation and transport of fast electrons in the interaction of a high intensity laser (≥ 1019 W/cm2) with a solid target. The main diagnostic used here is the transition radiation. This radiation depends on the electrons which produce it and thus it gives important information on the electrons: energy, temperature, propagation geometry, etc. The spectral, temporal and spatial analysis permitted to put in evidence the acceleration of periodic electron bunches which, in this case, emit a Coherent Transition Radiation (CTR). During this thesis we have developed some theoretical models in order to explain the experimental results. We find this way two kinds of electron bunches, emitted either at the laser frequency (ω0), either at the double of this frequency (2ω0), involving several acceleration mechanisms: vacuum heating / resonance absorption and vxB, respectively. These bunches are also observed in the PIC simulations. The electron temperature is of about 2 MeV in our experimental conditions. The electrons are emitted starting from a point source (which is the laser focal spot) and then propagate in a ballistic way through the target. In some cases they can be re-injected in the target by the electrostatic field from the target edges. This diagnostic is only sensitive to the coherent relativistic electrons, which explains the weak total energy that they contain (∼few mJ). The CTR signal emitted by those fast electrons is largely dominating the signal emitted by the less energetic electrons, even if they contain the major part of the energy (∼ 1 J)
Berthe, Maxime. "Electronic transport in quantum confined systems." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Berthe.pdf.
Full textFrance-Lanord, Arthur. "Transport électronique et thermique dans des nanostructures." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS566/document.
Full textThe perpetual shrinking of microelectronic devices makes it crucial to have a proper understanding of transport mechanisms at the nanoscale. While simple effects are now well understood in homogeneous materials, the understanding of nanoscale transport in heterosystems needs to be improved. For instance, the relationship between current, resistance, and heat flux in nanostructures remains to be clarified. In this context, the subject of the thesis is centered around the development and application of advanced numerical methods used to predict electronic and thermal conductivities of nanomaterials. This manuscript is divided into three parts. We begin with the parameterization of a classical interatomic potential, suitable for the description of multicomponent systems, in order to model the structural, vibrational, and thermal transport properties of both silica and silicon. A well-defined, reproducible, and automated optimization procedure is derived. As an example, we evaluate the temperature dependence of the Kapitza resistance between amorphous silica and crystalline silicon, and highlight the importance of an accurate description of the structure of the interface. Then, we have studied thermal transport in graphene supported on amorphous silica, by evaluating the mode-wise decomposition of thermal conductivity. The influence of hydroxylation on heat transport, as well as the significant role played by collective excitations of phonons, have come to light. Finally, electronic transport properties of graphene supported on quasi-two-dimensional silica, a system recently observed experimentally, have been investigated. The influence on transport properties of ripples in the graphene sheet or in the substrate, which often occur in samples and whose amplitude and wavelength can be controlled, has been evaluated. We have also modeled electrostatic gating, and its impact on electronic transport
Barral, Vincent Jean-Claude. "Etude, simulation et caractérisation du transport quasi-balistique dans les dispositifs nanométriques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11093.
Full textThe requests of ITRS regarding device scaling have progressively lead the semi-conductor industry to the nanoelectronics era. MOSFET transistor gate length is indeed planned to be as short as 18nm in 2009 to maintain the economic growth rate of this line of business. Such dimension reductions have lead to a decrease of interactions within the transistor channel, thus allowing some of the carriers to reach the drain in a more direct manner. Carrier transport has then to be considered as "quasi-ballistic" and backscattering analysis is necessary to optimize the performance of short channel transistors. This manuscript presents a new extraction methodology to determine quasi-ballistic transport parameters of MOSFET transistors expected for the 32nm technological node and beyond. Carrier transport is simulated, electrically characterized and analyzed in ultra-short (gate length down to 10nm) alternative architectures, such as Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) devices or multigate transistors. From a technological point of view, the impact of strain and Si film thickness reduction on the performance of ultimate devices is deeply investigated Finally, electron transport is studied under low longitudinal field conditions, leading for the first time to carrier mean free-path experimental extractions. These extractions demonstrate in particular that the unexpected mobility degradation has a physical origin
Vasseur, Gabriel. "Transport mésoscopique dans des systèmes d'électrons fortement corrélés." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/VASSEUR_Gabriel_2006.pdf.
Full textLatour, Benoit. "Contribution à l'étude du transport d'énergie dans la matière condensée : phonons, électrons et photons." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC014/document.
Full textEnergy transport at the nanoscale involves different types of carriers - phonon, electron and photon. Their spatial confinement in nanostructured materials implies the invalidation of the macroscopic laws of heat transfer. Therefore, new mechanisms arise and lead to novel thermal properties. This manuscript is devoted to the study of phonon transport in nanomaterials as well as the dissipation processes involving photon/electron and electron/phonon interactions. It is divided in three independent parts. We have first investigated the wave properties of thermal phonons. We have developed a theory to quantitatively assess the coherence of these carriers. Then, we have adressed the coupling between plasmonics and phonon transport in metallic materials. The objective is to quantify how the heat generated by the absorption of an electromagnetic energy will impact the surrounding medium. In the last part, we have included the Bose-Einstein quantum statistics in Molecular Dynamics simulations in order to compute thermal properties of nanomaterials at low temperatures
Santos, Joao Jorge. "Génération et transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-solide à très haut flux." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPXX0008.
Full textThibierge, Étienne. "Cohérence à un et deux électrons en optique quantique électronique." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL0998/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with coherent quantum transport and aims at developing a formalism well suited to model experiments conducted in edge channels of integer quantum Hall effect. This formalism relies on analogies between these experiments and photon quantum optics ones.The manuscript begins with an introduction to the context of the thesis and an overview of issues, tools and successes of electron quantum optics.The first part of the work addresses the question of single electron coherence properties and introduces the key notion of excess of single electron coherence. Several representations are proposed and analyzed, giving access to physical informations encoded in the coherence function. The quantum states emitted by experimentally demonstrated electron sources are then analyzed under this perspective.Two electron effects are at the heart of the second part. The excess of two-electron coherence is defined taking into account both classical correction and quantum exchange effects. A detailed analysis of consequences of fermionic anti-symmetry is provided and shows that information encoded into two-electron coherence is redundant. Last, a normalized degree of coherence is introduced in view of a more direct study of indistinguishability and anti-bunching.The issue of measuring and manipulating electronic coherence by interferometry is addressed in the third part. First the relation between electronic coherence functions and directly measurable quantities in experiments is established, justifying the need for more involved measurement protocols. The measure of the excess of single electron coherence is envisioned through single electron Mach-Zehnder interferometry and two-electron Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry, suggesting a simpler interpretation of a tomography protocol established in 2011. A protocol for measuring the excess of two-electron coherence is then proposed by Franson-like interferometry, which generalizes the ideas used for measuring single electron coherence with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Last, a complementary point of view on Franson interferometer is given, by using it to generate a non-local two-electron coherence
Jungas, Colette. "Organisation supramoléculaire des transporteurs d'électrons de la chaîne photosynthétique chez Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22045.
Full textBerthe, M. "Transport électronique dans les systèmes quantiques confinés." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343378.
Full textNous rapportons ici l'étude du transport électronique dans deux types de nanostructures: des nanotubes de carbone simple paroi déposés sur une surface d'or et des atomes uniques de silicium sur un substrat de silicium.
Dans la première étude, le couplage faible entre un nanotube et le substrat permet d'accéder à la densité d'états unidimensionnelle des nanotubes et autorise la formation de défauts ponctuels, ayant des états localisés dans la bande interdite des nanotubes. Cette modification, réversible, de la structure atomique des nanotubes de carbone amène des opportunités concernant la modification controlée et à volonté de leurs propriétés électroniques.
La deuxième étude vise à caractériser la dynamique des porteurs dans une liaison pendante de silicium énergétiquement isolée de tout autre état électronique sur une surface Si(111). L'analyse du transport révèle un courant inélastique mettant en oeuvre la recombinaison non radiative des électrons de la pointe avec des trous capturés par l'état de la liaison pendante, grâce à l'émission de vibrations. La spectroscopie à effet tunnel montre de plus que l'on peut caractériser l'efficacité de capture d'un état quantique unique, en connaissant son niveau d'énergie, sa fonction d'onde, sa section de capture et le couplage électron-phonon.
Akabli, Khalid. "Transport de spin dans des systèmes magnétiques." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CERG0378.
Full textThe Resistance of magnetic material is composed of several sources of diffusion, whose magnetic source defines by Kasuya like coming from the disorder in the lattice of spin. The first theory explaining the behavior at the temperature of transition is stated by De Gennes and Friedel. Their easy way consists in replacing the probability of diffusion by the function of correlation. This theory makes it possible to understand the behavior of ferromagnetic metals, but do not explain the magnetic semiconductors. The very old problem is started again by the discovery of giant magneto-resistance (GMR). In this thesis, we use the Monte Carlo method to study the transport of spin in ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic films and in multilayer magnetic ones. Of these results we build a theory based on Boltzmann’s equation and on the notion of the magnetic clusters. This model brings another vision and gives a clear physical interpretation
Payet, Fabrice. "Modélisation et intégration de transistors à canal de silicium contraint pour les noeuds technologiques CMOS 45nm et en deçà." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11047.
Full textAndré, Thomas. "Transport et manipulation d’électrons produits par interaction laser plasma sur la ligne COXINEL." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS602/document.
Full textRecent advances in Laser Plasma Acceleration techniques (LPA) are now able to generate strong accelerating gradients (GV.m⁻¹); however the produced electron beam thus still presents a large energy spread (%) and a large divergence (mrad). The COXINEL project (ERC Advanced Grant 350014, PI. M.E. Couprie), aims at qualifying, in replacement of a conventional accelerator, a Laser Plasma Accelerator, for a Free Electrons Laser application. To achieve the required properties, the electron beam must be manipulated using a transport line. This line consists in a first triplet of permanent magnets quadrupoles of variable gradient which focuses the beam and allows for the control of the initial divergence. An electromagnetic chicane then reduces the slice energy spread by lengthening the beam longitudinally. A restricted energy range can then be selected by inserting a slit inside the chicane. Finally, a quadruple of electromagnetic quadrupoles provides the final focus in an undulator. The thesis deals on the study of electron beam transport produced by LPA along this line. Different electron production regimes have been used: ionization injection, gas cell. The transport was controlled using a new alignment and pointing compensation method for the initial electron beam by adjusting independently the beam position and dispersion at different location on the line. A fine adjustment of the transported energy was carried out by adjusting the quadrupole gradient. The produced beam was transported along the line and was characterized in terms of transverse distribution, emittance and energy. Experimental results were then successfully compared with numerical simulations. This work paves the way for the observation of undulator radiation, a preliminary step before Free Electron Laser amplification
Abdelkrim, Malek. "Analyse par le calcul des structures du comportement cyclique à long terme des infrastructures de transport." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000644.
Full textLacour, Daniel. "L'effet tunnel dépendant du spin comme sonde du micromagnétisme et du transport d'électrons chauds : application aux capteurs." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10269.
Full textStudies of the spin dependent tunneling effect in ferromagnetic metal /insulating/ferromagnetic metal stacks are being actively pursued for their high application potential (magnetic sensors, random access memories, read heads ). The resistance of these devices is directly link to the relative orientation of the electrode magnetizations. The high sensitivity of spin dependent tunneling effect to the electrodes magnetic configuration has been used both as a probe for the micromagnetic behavior of the electrodes and to realize magnetic sensors. Moreover, double tunnel junctions with three terminals have been prepared. This 3-terminals device allowed us to evidence an hot electron current which is forecast to be on the base of a new kind of transistor
Daoud, Thibaut. "Conception, fabrication et caratérisations d'un transistor quantique InAs à électrons chauds." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20208.
Full textMy Phd deals with the conception, the fabrication and the caracterisation of a InAs-Quantum Hot Electron Transistor. This subject enrols in the ultra-fast transistor domain. The goal of this subject is to realize a very new transistor based on InAs/AlSb materials system and demostrate its high frequency potential. In first time, we conceived the original transistor structure. We conceived each region with keeping in mind the optimisation of electronic transport. We demonstrated theorically that kind of component can push back nowadays HBT frequency limits. Then, the component fabrication was the biggest part of my work. We developped a very new layer by layer selective wet etching method to contact the base layer. We realised a complete and reproductible fabrication technology wich allows us to optimize the static parameters and valid its concept. The first static caracteristics present a current static gain of 5 on 1Volt operation. Finally, we work on a technology transfert to a smaller technology dimensions to study the component frequency operation. My Phd work demonstrated the concept validity of the InAs-Quantum Hot Electron Transistor. We defined the structure and developped a fabrication technology protocol easy to realize and reproductible. This studies set the base for the future realisation of a InAs-Quantum Hot Electron Transistor operating in very high frequency
Kobylko, Mathias. "Electrical transport and optical properties of individual carbon nanotubes and small bundles probed by cross-correlated and In-situ experiments." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112062.
Full textThis PhD thesis consists of two parts: the first deals with the electrical transport properties of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the second with their optical properties. The first part describes the ex-situ and in-situ experiments (inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM)) which we have performed on individual CNTs according to the liquid metal contact method. Our experiments show that this method is not reliable and that results obtained this way (being until now interpreted in terms of ballistic transport properties of CNTs) have to be reinterpreted. These observations are completed by a classical model which demonstrates the general inaptitude of this method for the study of the transport properties of the CNTs. In order to allow a simultaneous visualization during electrical transport experiments on individual CNTs, we have also got involved with the development and construction of two in-situ TEM holders for transport experiments on individual CNTs, one of which is also designed for their mechanical manipulation. The second part describes the correlated electron diffraction and resonant Raman spectroscopy experiments which we have performed on individual CNTs and small bundles. Our experiments on individual CNTs present a direct validation of the theoretical predictions (including the excitonic and correlation effects) of the dependency of the optical transition energies of the CNTs on their structure. In our experiments on small bundles, we have been able to observe two different coupling effects: a degeneracy lifting of the optical transition energy in a homogenous bundle and a mechanically mediated energy transfer between unequal CNTs in a bundle
Maclossi, Mauro. "Transport dans la matière sous dense et sur dense d'un faisceau d'électrons relativistes, produit par l'interaction d'une impulsion laser à ultra haute intensité." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0063.
Full textAigrain, Louise. "Conséquences de l'échange de domaines évolutivement éloignés sur l'activité et la géométrie de la nadph-cytochrome P450 réductase." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112151.
Full textCytochromes P450 (P450) and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) form the major mixed function oxidase system participating in the metabolism of endo- and xenobiotic compounds in mammals. CPR is a multidomain protein containing two catalytic domains bearing FMN and FAD cofactors and joined by a connecting domain. Using its two flavin cofactors and a peculiar internal electron transfer cycle from FAD to FMN, CPR is capable of splitting the dielectronic flux of NADPH to sequential electron transfers to P450. Available CPR structures evidenced a conformation with the two cofactors in tight proximity, consistent with an internal electron transfer from FAD to FMN. However this conformation state (called “closed”) is incompatible with an external transfer between CPR and P450 since the FMN cofactor is completely buried into the protein. The project of this thesis was to produce and analyze the biochemical and structural behavior of chimeric CPR composed of catalytic domains originating from yeast and human CPR. Those chimera were still functional toward artificial and natural acceptors. Moreover, we obtained the 2. 5 Å resolution crystal structure of one of them in a novel open conformation. Comparison with closed structures evidences a major conformational change separating both flavin cofactors from 86 Å. This new open structure of CPR could represent a protein conformation compatible with the bimolecular electron transfer complex to P450 and reveals the dynamical nature of such a multidomain protein. Factors influencing or dictating those conformational changes were studying through steady-state and rapid kinetics, potentiometry or denaturation analysis
Migdal, Sophie. "Contribution à l'étude d'un convertisseur électrons-photons de la future machine radiographique "éclair" AIRIX." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30163.
Full textBernos, Julien. "Elaboration de jonctions tunnel magnétiques et de jonctions métal/oxyde/semi-conducteur pour l'étude du transport et de la précession de spin d'électrons chauds." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10080/document.
Full textElaboration of magnetic tunnel junctions and of metal/oxide/semi-conductor junctions for the study of spin precession and transport propoerties of hot electrons
Charpentier, Nicolas. "Théorie de Boltzmann chirale pour le transport dans les multicouches, électrons et photons, balistique et diffusif." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675443.
Full textPérez, Frédéric. "Étude du transport des électrons suprathermiques en milieu solide ou comprimé dans le cadre de l'allumeur." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/55/65/33/PDF/these_Perez.pdf.
Full textOn trouve sur la plateforme de thèse en ligne Tel le résumé suivant en anglais : The inertial confinement fusion (ICF) concept is widely studied nowadays. It consists in quickly compressing and heating a small spherical capsule filled with fuel, using extremely energetic lasers. Since approximately 15 years, the fast-ignition (FI) technique has been proposed to facilitate the fuel heating by adding a particle beam - electrons generated by an ultra-intense laser - at the exact moment when the capsule compression is at its maximum. This thesis constitutes an experimental study of these electron beams generated by picosecond-scale lasers. We present new results on the characteristics of these electrons after they are accelerated by the laser (energy, divergence, etc. ) as well as their interaction with the matter they pass through. The experimental results are explained and reveal different aspects of these laser-accelerated fast electrons. Their analysis allowed for significant progress in understanding several mechanisms: how they are injected into solid matter, how to measure their divergence, and how they can be automatically collimated inside compressed matter
Gendron, Laure. "Transport électronique dans les détecteurs infrarouge à puits quantiques." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077215.
Full textThis thesis deals with multi quantum wells infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). These photoconductor detectors, developed at Thales Research and Technology, are-at the heart of tomorrow's thermal cameras: night vision, in all weathers. . . For 10 years research, works at TRT allowed to reach a comprehension level of photodetection mechanisms precise enough to conceive a modelling tool. However a!l the working mechanisms of these devices are not totally controlled up to now. In order to suppress ail risks and to optimise these detectors toward a third generation working at higher temperature, progresses have to go through an additional effort of modelling. This research was centred on the electronic transport which is indeed a crucial point for these structures : the photoconductive detectors performances are limited by the dark current. We study basic mechanisms taking place in heterostructures as injection mechanism, electric field reconfiguration or impact ionisation phenomena. We also study a new type of photodetector based on electron transfer on a cascade of energy levels that works in a photovoltaic mode : a Quantum Cascade Detecter (QCD). Working with no applied bias, QCD is promising for small pixel, large Focal Plane Arrays where integration time and capacitor filling is a critical issue
Carmier, Pierre. "Une étude semi-classique du magnéto-transport dans les jonctions n-p de graphène." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112039.
Full textThis thesis deals with electronic transport in graphene n-p junctions in the quantum Hall regime. The kind of transport featured in this configuration is different from what is commonly known in standard two-dimensional electron gases. Indeed, graphene's unusual band structure causes both a significant increase in the likeliness of inter-band tunneling via the Klein paradox and an anomalous quantum Hall effect. I start by developping a semiclassical formalism which takes into account the pseudo-relativistic nature of charge carriers in graphene. The central mathematical tool of this formalism is a semiclassical approximation to the single particle Green's function. Along the way, I comment on a particular phase contribution arising in the Green's function in graphene, and show it must be distinguished from a Berry phase which is commonly referred to in this context. The semiclassical Green's function is then put to use to study magnetotransport through a n-p junction in a graphene nanoribbon. In the magnetic regime (E < B), I show the conductance of excited states is essentially zero, while that of the ground state depends on the boundary conditions considered at the edge of the ribbon. In the electric regime (E > B), for a step-like electrostatic potential (abrupt on the scale of the magnetic length), I derive a semiclassical expression for the conductance based on the framework introduced by Fisher and Lee and generalized by Baranger and Stone. Behavior of the conductance is discussed and compared to what Williams, DiCarlo and Marcus observed experimentally at Harvard in 2007
Lechevallier, Luc. "Phénomènes de transport d'électrons dans des films minces Au-Cr. Automatisation des procédures d'obtention et d'étude." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUE5031.
Full textFalloon, Peter Edward. "Electron transport through domain walls in ferromagnetic nanowires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/FALLOON_Peter_Edward_2006.pdf.
Full textMaurel, Philippe. "Interactions électrons-phonoms intra-moléculaires dans les systèmes unidimensionnels quart-remplis." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30019.
Full textLe, Kim Hung. "Analyse cyclique de sécurité des grands réseaux de transport et d'interconnexion basée sur les concepts de la localisation." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0125.
Full textGremillet, Laurent Yvan André. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-solide à très haut flux." Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0022.
Full textChaaba, Hassan. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés de transport électronique : résistivité électrique et pouvoir thermoélectrique absolu d'alliage liquides à base de métaux divalents (Ag-Zn, Ag-Cd, Bi-Zn)." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Chaaba.Hassan.SMZ0018.pdf.
Full textHoll, Pascal. "Simulation du transport des électrons a travers une barrière de potential dans le silicium avec l’équation de Boltzmann." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0071.
Full textHot carrier act on voltage breakdown of power semiconductor device, because of hot carrier injection into insulators. In this work, we consider a similar but simple problem of unidimensional electron transport across a potential barrier (a grain boundary). Our aim is a device simulation but not an accurate behaviour study of semiconductor material. The numerical method is based on the distribution function representation with a Hermite function series depending on speed variable ? This report shows numerous simulation and tries to define boundaries of the method. We note that the convergence is more difficult when the observed variable corresponds to a high order moment of the distribution function. More aver, we have found an important 'turbulence » phenomenon after crossing the obstacle (the grain boundary) which corresponds, in a similar way, to turbulence phenomenon in fluid mechanics
DORIN, CHRISTOPHE, and Julien Bok. "Etude du transport quantique dans les gaz d'electrons modules par une grille schottky." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066124.
Full textHalim, Hamid. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés de transport électronique de métaux, alliages métalliques et composés semiconducteurs à l'état liquide." Metz, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1991/Halim.Hamid.SMZ919.pdf.
Full textOjeda-Aristizabal, Claudia. "Transport quantique dans le graphène." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112333.
Full textThis thesis studies some aspects of quantum electronic transport in graphene, the two dimensional crystal made of carbon where conduction electrons behave as massless relativistic particles. Experiments done in this thesis can be classified in two different regimes, a macroscopic regime where there is no quantum interference effects between electrons (the phase coherence length is smaller than the size of the sample) and a mesoscopic regime, where electron's wave packets interfere. In the macroscopic regime, we have made experiments that led us conclude the nature of impurities that limit transport in graphene. With magnetoresistance measurements, we could deduce the characteristic scattering times in graphene. Their dependence on the Fermi wavelength let us conclude that the main scatterers in graphene are neutral strong short range impurities possibly ad-atoms or vacancies. In the mesoscopic regime, we were interested in universal conductance fluctuations, the most important signature of coherent transport in a system. Correlation functions of the conductance fluctuations show us the strong differences between the physics of the monolayer and the bilayer graphene. We found that the amplitude of fluctuations vary in a similar way in both systems as a function of the Fermi vector. Finally, we studied the superconducting proximity effect with a superconductor, which is also signature of coherent transport. Using a current annealing technique, we induced a supercurrent progressively in graphene
Sayah, Simon. "Impact de la formulation d'électrolytes sur les performances d'une électrode négative nanocomposite silicium-étain pour batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4025/document.
Full textThis study focuses on new electrolytes and additives in order to improve the cyclability of a Si0.32Ni0.14Sn0.17Al0.04C0.35 negative composite electrode (Si-Sn) and to obtain a stable electrolyte|electrolyte interface. Indeed, like most silicon-based materials, this high-capacity Si-Sn composite (over 600 mA.hg-1) currently suffers from a short cycle life due to volume expansion during charge-discharge processes leading to the degradation of the SEI. To improve the quality of the interface, two kinds of electrolytes were evaluated: (i) mixtures of alkyl carbonates EC/PC/3DMC in which a lithium salt (LiPF6, LiTFSI, LiFSI or LiDFOB) and additives like SEI builder (vinylene carbonate (VC) or fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)) were added, (ii) ionic liquids (IL) based on quaternary ammonium (N1114+), imidazolium (EMI+) or pyrrolidinium (PYR+) cation, associated with delocalized charge anions such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-) or bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-). The Walden diagram confirms the efficient dissociation of LiFSI and LiPF6 in EC/PC/3DM ensuring ionic conductivities as high as 12 mS.cm-1. Although possessing limited transport properties in such a ternary mixture compared to other salts, LiDFOB forms, without additional additives, an high quality SEI allowing the composite to provide the best performances in half cells (560 mA.hg-1 and 98.4% coulombic efficiency). The use of additive is however necessary to reach the objectives fixed by the ANR research project in terms of coulombic efficiency (>99.5%). In this case, the addition of 2%VC+10%FEC to the ternary mixture is the most interesting composition with LiPF6 as lithium salt. So, the Si-Sn nanocomposite material reaches 550 mA.h.g-1 during 100 cycles at C/5 with 99.8% efficiency. In IL, the best performances are achieved in [EMI][FSI]/LiFSI (1 mol.L-1). The performances of the Si-Sn composite reaches 635 mA.h.g-1 for 100 cycles at C/5 with coulombic efficiency close to 100%, without additives. This electrolyte formulation generates a stable SEI which the mainly mineral composition, is predominantly derived from the reduction products of FSI-
Sarria, David. "Modèle Monte Carlo du transport dans l'atmosphère des électrons relativistes et des photons gamma en relation avec les TGF." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30188/document.
Full textThunderstorms are sources of intense transient phenomena, including light in the visible range and also in X and gamma rays. These phenomena are detected in the form of photon flashes called "Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes" (TGF). The purpose of this thesis is the development of a numerical model to study and understand the mechanisms associated with TGF. Studying TGF is then important to understand the physics of lightning and thunderstorms (which are very common phenomena, but the micro-physics is still poorly understood), together with the coupling between the atmosphere and the ionosphere of the Earth. This thesis is also part of the preparation for the TARANIS mission from the CNES, which will be launched in 2017. Among others, TARANIS will have the XGRE and IDEE instruments, able to characterize X/gamma photons and the associated relativistic electrons. After its emission, at around 15 km altitude, this flux of gamma-rays are filtered and altered by the atmosphere and a small part of it may be detected by a satellite in low earth orbit. This last is made of scattered primary photons, together with secondary produced electrons and positrons. A part of these secondary can escape the atmosphere and will then be confined by geomagnetic field lines. Thus, trying to get information on the initial flux from the measurement is a very complex inverse problem, which can only be tackled by the use of a model solving the transport the involved high energy particles. In this thesis, we firstly make a synthesis of the main work that has been done concerning observations and modeling associated with TGF, since their discovery, around 20 years ago, until today. Secondly, we present and validate the MC-PEPTITA model for the transport of the involved energetic particles. It uses Monte-Carlo methods, the EPDL and EEDL cross-section sets, and the methods of simulation of the interactions are similar to what is presented for the PENELOPE code. Moreover, exterior models for the atmosphere (NRLMSISE-00) and the magnetic field of the Earth (IGRF-11) are also integrated. The collision model of MC-PEPTITA is then validated by comparison with the reference code GEANT4 from the CERN. Furthermore, its ability to reproduce precisely some real lightcurves observed by the Fermi space telescope helps to strengthen even more its validation. Once the model is built and validated, we present and decompose in detail the simulation of a typical TGF event, in order to bring out all its complexity. Finally, we conduct direct comparisons between the model and the data measured by the Fermi space telescope to establish or verify important properties concerning the TGF and the associated beams of electrons and positrons
Pain, Mario Saul. "Conception et réalisation d'un code NxOD destiné à l'étude du transport de l'énergie électronique dans les tokamaks." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112073.
Full textDang, Thi kieu van. "Regulation of photosynthetic cyclic electron transport and photo-production of hydrogen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4004/document.
Full textPhotosynthetic organisms have developed complex mechanisms to ensure an optimal match between the energy supplied and the metabolic demand. Among these mechanisms, cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF) has been proposed to generate additional proton motive force and participate in the supply of extra ATP for photosynthesis. Two pathways of CEF have been described in the green alga C. reinhardtii, one involving PGRL1 (and PGR5), and the other a NAD(P)H-plastoquinone oxidoreductase (NDA2). In order to better understand the contribution of CEF to photosynthesis, different mutants affected in CEF components were studied. First, photosynthesis and growth performances of a knock-out C. reinhardtii mutant (pgrl1) deficient in PGRL1-mediated CEF have been characterized. Steady-state biomass productivity of the pgrl1 mutant was similar to its wild-type progenitor under a wide range of illumination and CO2 concentrations. From the effects of mitochondrial respiration inhibitors on photosynthesis, it was concluded that increased cooperation with mitochondrial respiration, and increased light-dependent O2 photo-reduction compensates for the absence of PGRL1-CEF. Second, a transplastomic strains over-expressing NDA2 was studied. An increased activity of non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones (PQ) in aerobiosis and increased rate of H2 production by the indirect pathway in anaerobiosis were reported. It was concluded that activity of the indirect pathway of hydrogen production is limited by the non-photochemical reduction of PQ, either by the pool size of electron donors, or by the activity of NDA2. These data contribute to improvement for the sustainable production of hydrogen
Daligault, Jérôme. "Dynamique électronique femtoseconde dans les agrégats métalliques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10256.
Full textRejeb, Chedly. "Contribution à la caractérisation des effets d'une irradiation aux électrons sur les propriétés optiques et de transport électrique du GaAs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1994. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ40617.pdf.
Full textRejeb, Chedly. "Contribution à la caractérisation des effets d'une irradiation aux électrons sur les propriétés optiques et de transport électrique du GaAs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4395.
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