Journal articles: 'Transport competition'

1

Koryagin, M. E. "Competition of transport flows." Automation and Remote Control 67, no. 3 (March 2006): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0005117906030118.

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Nigrin, Tomáš. "Open Competition or Discrimination on Tracks? Examples of Anti-Competitive Behaviour of The Deutsche Bahn." Review of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2014-0002.

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Abstract The article provides an analysis of a competitive situation in railway transport in Germany and defines areas where the Deutsche Bahn holding, which integrates both infrastructure operators and carriers, may behave in an anti-competitive way. First of all, conditions of liberalisation in German railways and position of competition in partial sections of transport are introduced. Subsequently, areas which are - from the economic point of view - necessary for operation of competition in the railway sector are identified: it is the height of fees charged for utilisation of transport routes, fees for the use of railway stations, and finally, traction energy fees, too. On the basis of research into development in the last two decades, steps which are possible to consider to be (minimally) concealed anti-competitive behaviour of the Deutsche Bahn, was were revealed in all areas. This is substantiated by decisions of several decisive regulatory authorities, most predominantly of Bundesnetzagentur and courts, which have repeatedly ordered Deutsche Bahn to revise price lists and other terms. In consequence, the example of Deutsche Bahn demonstrated a great disadvantage of an integrated company including infrastructure administrator and carrier, as it is offered a great space for influencing competitive environment. In the German example, this often comprised in raising competitor´s costs which, however, do not manifest themselves in economic results of the holding company. Should transport policies of the state decide to separate the infrastructure administrator and the carrier, a great deal of hard-to-reveal and thus punishable “complications” preventing establishment of conditions of free competition on the railway market shall cease to exist.

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Schneider, Scott. "An EU Perspective of ‘Fair Competition’ in Global Air Transport." Air and Space Law 45, Issue 4/5 (September 1, 2020): 431–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2020061.

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This article discusses the framework of the European Union (EU) prohibition on anti-competitive behaviour in the context of benefits and risks to actors within its air transport market. The significance of third countries endorsing variant regulatory frameworks as the EU begs the question of what constitutes ‘fair competition’. The lack of a universal meaning of this concept may be an opportunity for the EU to lead a discussion in reaching a global approach to ‘fair competition’ in line with the foundations of its internal framework while also appealing to the wider, international, industry. The recent initialling of a comprehensive air services agreement between Qatar and the EU provides discussion on a proactive way forward for reconciling EU competition policy to the approaches among the external air transport market. Ultimately, this article considers whether the EU’s model of promoting competition is fit for a global air transport market and whether or not there may be another approach to bring about a cohesive playing field not only within Europe but among the international air transport market worldwide. competition, aviation, transport, market, regulation.

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Koryagin, M. E. "Competition of public transport flows." Automation and Remote Control 69, no. 8 (August 2008): 1380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0005117908080109.

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Molin, Eric J. E., Diana M. VonkNoordegraaf, Fieke Mol, and Harry J. P. Timmermans. "Competition between Egress Transport Modes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1972, no. 1 (January 2006): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198106197200103.

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Clark, Derek John, Finn Jørgensen, and Terje Andreas Mathisen. "Competition in complementary transport services." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 60 (February 2014): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2013.12.004.

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Nedbaeva, I. A. "Results of the VI International Competition "University Book - 2021. Transport”." Transport Technician: Education and Practice 2, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2021.4.476-480.

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The information about the organization and holding of the VI International competition of publications for educational organizations and institutions of higher education engaged in training in enlarged groups of specialties and areas of training “Transport” “University Book - 2021” within the framework of the All-Russian competition “University Book” by the Educational and Methodological Center for Education in Railway Transport with the support of the Federal Agency for Railway Transport and the editorial board of the journal “University BOOK” is presented. The article names the participants: 27 publishing collectives of universities and structural divisions, 16 author collectives, 2 domestic publishing houses, 2 organizations.The Expert Council of the competition conducted serious work on the study of competitive materials according to the following criteria: evaluation of the publication apparatus, editorial and publishing preparation, structure, language and style, compliance with the analyzed genres, illustrative material, didactic apparatus, design, technical and printing performance, novelty and relevance. In total, 182 competitive publications were considered for all types of transport (railway, automobile, aviation, water). The title of the Winner of the competition was awarded to Rostov State University of Railways by the total number of well-deserved awards.

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Krawczyk, Grzegorz. "Conditions for the functioning of regulated competition on the public urban transport market in Poland." Transport Economics and Logistics 80 (December 31, 2018): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.80.13.

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The public urban transport market takes the form of a natural monopoly. In some cases, especially in the situation of supply of a relatively large volume of operation work, the implementation of competitive solutions may result in: improving the quality of services or reducing the cost of vehicle-kilometers. The purpose of the article is to present the determinants of functioning of regulated competition on the public urban transport market in Poland. The conducted analysis focuses on the issue of market openness and access to participation in competitive procedures of private operators. The research covered urban transport markets in cities over 200.000 inhabitants and their characteristics in the scope of: the model of public transport organization (with particular emphasis on the level of opening of markets), the level of competition on the operator market and the method of selecting operators. On the basis of the conducted research, the scope of applying pro-competitive solutions in the scope of contracting services by the largest organizers of public urban transport in Poland was characterized.

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9

Spruogis, Ernestas. "THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EU AND LITHUANIAN LEGAL TRANSPORT REGULATIONS." TRANSPORT 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2005): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2005.9637994.

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The significance of the transport economy determines such a fact that the State and its institutions have a duty to look over this economic branch very narrowly. This duty is especially important while guaranteeing conditions for the fair competition in the transport sector. The author presents the analysis of the EU and Lithuanian legal transport competition regulations. The conclusion is drawn that the national legal competition regulation complies with the EU legal competition regulation; the EU legal transport competition regulation is much more detailed than national legal transport competition regulation in Lithuania.

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10

Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. "Competition and Liberalisation in Air Transport." World Competition 24, Issue 4 (December 1, 2001): 607–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/390134.

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11

Gergely, Máté. "Fair Competition in International Air Transport." Air and Space Law 45, Issue 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2020001.

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This article explains the importance of fair competition in international air transport; presents recent debates and concerns; approaches at International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), regional, bilateral and national levels as well as academic research; and proposes a way forward with a view to achieving a global understanding of the concept and underscore the need for the development of ‘core principles on fair competition’. The core principles, if developed, would facilitate the further liberalization of air transport and maximize the benefits it brings to economic and social development. air transport, economic regulation, fair competition, fair and equal opportunity, state subsidy, level playing field, flag of convenience, discrimination, core principles, ICAO

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12

Hynes, Kate, Jie Ma, and Cheng Yuan. "Transport infrastructure investments and competition forFDI." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 66, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12203.

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13

de Frutos, M. A., H. Hamoudi, and X. Jarque. "Spatial competition with concave transport costs." Regional Science and Urban Economics 32, no. 4 (July 2002): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-0462(01)00094-1.

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14

Witte, Hermann. "Competition and cooperation in road transport." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Problemy Transportu i Logistyki 29 (2015): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ptl.2015.29-13.

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15

Kreis, Helmut W. R. "Ec Competition Law and Maritime Transport." Antitrust Bulletin 37, no. 2 (June 1992): 481–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x9203700208.

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16

Albery, Brooks B., and Peter J. Grandstaff. "Local transport competition in US telecommunications." Telecommunications Policy 13, no. 4 (December 1989): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(89)90023-2.

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17

Stojadinović, Nikola, Branislav Bošković, and Mirjana Bugarinović. "BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY ALLOCATION AND MARKET-ORIENTED RAILWAY: AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH." Transport 34, no. 6 (September 10, 2019): 708–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11035.

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The European Commission initiated the process of liberalization and introducing competition in the European railway sector more than twenty-five years ago. Despite the liberalization of the railway sector, train paths are currently administratively allocated in all EU countries using the train service priority criterion, which may not treat all train operators equally. This is especially evident in those network sections where demand exceeds the available capacity. In these situations, economic theory suggests the implementation of a market-based mechanism for allocation of capacity, such as auctions. However, due to its incompatibilities with priority criteria in the process of the capacity allocation, it is necessary to develop a new procedure to support the implementation of an auction. In this paper, the proposed algorithm fills the technological gap between train timetable design and train operator requests. The new algorithm for decentralized capacity allocation is the result of a multidimensional approach, which encompasses setting new relations between train operators and the infrastructure manager, train timetable drafting and resolving the conflicting request. In addition, the algorithm provides a feasible solution ensuring equal treatment of train operators and efficient allocation, in order to foster the development of the competition in the European rail market.

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18

Maryanto, Maryanto, Maryanto Maryanto, and Lathifah Hanim. "Application of Competition Law Against Business Communities Using Disruptive Innovation." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.1.1.33-45.

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In this globalization era, competition among businesses in the relevant market is very tight. The businesses still struggle to compete with business competitors in the relevant market. The formulation of the problem show the application of Competition Law Against The Business Communities Using Disruptive Innovation. The method used is doctrinal and non-doctrinal. The data used are primary data is data obtained directly from the source and the respondents and secondary data is data obtained from the literature. Analysis of the data used is the qualitative analysis.Research results are. Application of competition law to businesses that use disruptive innovation is disruptive innovation has a major impact on competition in the market concerned, namely the consumers, consumers can be prosperious, and against the competition, then the conventional business operators must improve in order to compete. The first step that must be carried out by the Commission in analyzing whether the behavior of taxi online or not anti-competitive conduct in the market concerned, the Commission specifically define the relevant market definition in advance. Even when the market changed or created by a disruptive innovator, competition authorities (Commission) faced with the need for the existing market segmentation or determining a new market. Determination of the relevant market is very important to analyze whether a taxi online anti-competitive conduct and whether it has market power and dominant position which may misuse. Model law relationship triangle in the transport line between online app provider producers and consumers should be clarified first. Limitation of liability as a legal subject of legal entities in the transportation business online application the extent of the responsibility. Under the laws relating to the legal entity must sphere of responsibility of legal entities is regulated and contained in the constitution of the legal entity itself. The scope and responsibilities of legal entities governed the rights and obligations of legal entities in the statutes and households (AD / ART entity). The online system of transportation is honest and does not impede competition there is no dominant position in the online business of transportation in producing and market share as qualification monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. Other online transport entrepreneurs to enter the market is not hampered transport other online who want to enter the transportation market online. Evidently many online businesses transport both two (2)-wheel or four (4)-wheel rampant in many cities.Keywords: Competition, Business Communities, Disruptive Innovation.

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19

Shiftan, Yoram, and Nir Sharaby. "Competition in Bus Public Transport in Israel." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1986, no. 1 (January 2006): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198106198600105.

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20

Meunier, David, and Emile Quinet. "Applications of transport economics and imperfect competition." Research in Transportation Economics 36, no. 1 (September 2012): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2012.03.010.

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21

Fearnley, Nils, Graham Currie, Stefan Flügel, Fredrik A. Gregersen, Marit Killi, Jeremy Toner, and Mark Wardman. "Competition and substitution between public transport modes." Research in Transportation Economics 69 (September 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2018.05.005.

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22

Derkach, Е. М. "LEGAL ISSUES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC COMPETITION IN THE FIELD OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT." Economics and Law, no. 3 (October 22, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2020.03.079.

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The article highlights the current problems of economic competition in the field of railway transport, as well as identifies areas for the development of relevant legislation. It is noted that the competitive rail freight market has currently being formed. Moreover, the tariff system and the public management in the field of rail transport have being reformed in accordance with EU legislation. The author supports the idea of separating the monopoly sector (the ownership of strategic infrastructure of railway transport), the potentially competitive sector (the market of freight mainline locomotives that includes the private mainline locomotives providing rail transportation) and the competitive sector (rendering services for the carriage of goods and passengers by rail). The author emphasizes that implementation of the competitive terms in mentioned area challenges the appropriate legal framework in order to ensure the demonopolization of the locomotive traction market, separating the functions of the railway operator and the infrastructure operator, formatting the tariff policy with incentives. The researcher concludes that a balanced legal policy is needed, taking into account the interests of the state, business, railway industry. In addition, it is necessary to create the adequate legal basis for the development of fair economic competition in the field of rail freight transportation. It is noted that the priority tasks are as follows: creating a national commission as an independent regulatory body for natural monopolies in the field of transport, in particular in the field of railway transport; adopting the specific Law of Ukraine "On Railway Transport", amending the Economic Code of Ukraine in terms of concluding commercial agreements on the organization of transportation, in particular electronic ones; supplementing transportation participants with new entities, such as the infrastructure operator, the railway transportation operator.

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23

Aulin, Viktor, Dmitro Holub, Andrey Hrinkiv, Serhii Lysenko, and Nazar Riabtsev. "Justification of the level of competition on urban passenger routes." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 2, no. 6(37) (2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2022.6(37).2.89-98.

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The components of the market competition of carriers on passenger transport routes of the city transport system are considered. It is shown that the demand for transportation can be presented in the form of matrices of passenger correspondence. Due to its fluctuations within some limits, the main issue is its distribution among the routes that form the urban route network. The essence of the level of competition between carriers, which has a growing tendency, has been revealed. It is proposed to use the Likert method and the results of a sociological survey to build a model of the attractiveness of routes as its assessment. The utility function of the route, the optimization function of Lagrange and the model of the choice of the passenger movement path were constructed. It is taken into account that transport enterprises operate in break-even conditions, and profit is a limitation when solving the task of improving the quality of public service.

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24

Kostopoulos, Kostis. "Commitment Decisions: The New Kind of Settlement in European Competition Law. Application in Air Transport." Air and Space Law 34, Issue 1 (February 1, 2009): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2009002.

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A ‘commitment decision’ is a decision through which Competition Authorities make commitments offered by companies binding on them in exchange for the termination of investigations into anti–competitive practices. The purpose of this article is to show how this new and extremely interesting kind of formal settlement can be applied in air transport cases. It analyzes the origin and the procedure of commitment decisions and focuses on the types of possible commitments in the fi eld of air transport. Airlines may offer slots to their competitors, share their Frequent Flyer Programs (FFP), enter into interline agreements with other airlines, and facilitate intermodal services, thus avoiding an infringement decision. An independent trustee with the necessary competence can monitor the accomplishment of these commitments. This article clears up some legal uncertainties and suggests ways in which interested parties, such as cooperating airlines and worldwide alliances, can make better use of the new mechanism and propose acceptable commitments to Competition Authorities. It also discusses both relevant case law of European Competition Authorities and air law doctrine and concludes that commitment decisions could lead to healthier and undistorted competition in the airline industry.

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Nawagamuwage, Sithara U., Layla N. Qasim, Xiao Zhou, Tammy X. Leong, Igor V. Parshin, Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah, Alexander L. Burin, and Igor V. Rubtsov. "Competition of Several Energy-Transport Initiation Mechanisms Defines the Ballistic Transport Speed." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 125, no. 27 (June 29, 2021): 7546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03986.

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26

Yasar, Mehmet, and Ender Gerede. "Identification of factors affecting competitive tension in the domestic air transport market in Turkey." International Journal of Management and Economics 56, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0009.

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AbstractCompetitive tension refers to pressure that is considered to exist among firms operating in a competitive market and that forces them to take competitive action against each other. An imaginary upper limit of competitive tension symbolizes the difference between whether to take competitive action or not. The antecedents of competitive tension are examined in this study. Within this scope, market commonality and resource similarity are the variables studied as components of competitor analysis; market concentration that provides clues for the competitive structure of competed markets; and finally, competitive asymmetry, presuming that the competition among the companies is not equal and rivals do not consider each other at the same level as competing firms, were taken as primary variables of competitive tension. In order to test whether these variables have an effect on competitive tension among airlines, airlines operating in the domestic air transport market in Turkey were examined in this study. The perceived competitive tension that was detected as a result of regression analyses was studied on three different dimensions, namely, internal tension, external tension, and total tension, and each dimension was analyzed as a different model. The findings of the study revealed that market commonality and market concentration have a significant effect on competitive tension. These effects were found to be positive for market commonality and negative for market concentration. Resource similarity and competitive asymmetry were found to have no significant effect.

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27

Newman, Karl, and Christopher Harding. "III. Competition." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no. 1 (January 1996): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300058760.

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In the period covered by this note (early 1994 to the middle of 1995) some signifi cant and interesting judgments have been handed down by the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance on both substantive and procedural issues of competition law, in particular that of the Court of Justice in the Magill case, which deals with the relationship between Article 86 and intellectual property rights. In the legislative field there is now a group exemption on the operation of liner transport services. As regards general problems of enforcement, the Commission's 1993 Notice on Co-operation between National Courts and the Commission1 has provoked a good deal of discussion and a number of commentators and also the Commission itself are now advocating sharing responsibility for enforcement with national competition authorities rather than relying on the direct effect of Articles 85(1) and 86 being invoked before national courts.2

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28

MacCulloch, Angus. "EC Competition Rules, Collective Dominance and Maritime Transport." World Competition 21, Issue 1 (September 1, 1997): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco1997002.

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29

Wassenbergh, Henri A. "De-regulation of Competition in International Air Transport." Air and Space Law 21, Issue 2 (April 1, 1996): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila1996011.

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30

Yu, Chunyan, Volodymyr Bilotkach, and Seock-Jin Hong. "Air transport modal competition, network liberalization and policy." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 92 (October 2016): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.06.017.

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31

Niemeier, H. M. "Integrated transport policy implications for regulation and competition." Journal of Air Transport Management 8, no. 2 (March 2002): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-6997(01)00042-4.

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32

Álvarez-SanJaime, Óscar, Pedro Cantos-Sánchez, Rafael Moner-Colonques, and José J. Sempere-Monerris. "Competition and horizontal integration in maritime freight transport." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 51 (May 2013): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2012.12.008.

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33

Song, Dong-Ping, Andrew Lyons, Dong Li, and Hossein Sharifi. "Modeling port competition from a transport chain perspective." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 87 (March 2016): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2016.01.001.

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34

Mullen, Caroline, and Greg Marsden. "Transport, economic competitiveness and competition: A city perspective." Journal of Transport Geography 49 (December 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.09.009.

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35

Condat, C. A., P. P. Delsanto, E. Ruffino, and G. Perego. "Effect of transport and competition on ligand binding." Biophysical Chemistry 76, no. 3 (February 1999): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4622(98)00224-5.

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36

Ko¨nig, Burkhard, Marc Mu¨ller, Hubertus Wichmann, and Mu¨fit Bahadir. "Membrane Carrier Selectivities Identified by Competition Transport Experiments." Journal of Chemical Research, no. 2 (1998): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a705092e.

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37

Klaesson, Johan. "Monopolistic competition, increasing returns, agglomeration, and transport costs." Annals of Regional Science 35, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001680100053.

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38

Poletan Jugović, Tanja, Dražen Žgaljić, and Katarina Balić. "Market Analysis and Affirmation Factors of the Northern Sea Route." Transactions on Maritime Science 9, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v09.n01.006.

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Maritime transport routes, or corridors, imply specific courses of movement for people and goods (freight) on maritime routes and bring multiple benefits to the area through which they pass. The action and influence frame of a single route in the international transport flow is defined by an increasingly pronounced international competition at the regional and/or global transport market. Considering that the competitiveness of a transport route represents the fundamental factor of its valorization in the transport services market, the question of what defines and conditions the competitiveness mentioned above should be considered. This paper analyzes the competitiveness of the Northern Sea Route as a shorter maritime route between Asia and Europe. Under the new climate conditions in which, over the past few years in September, the Northern Sea Route course is completely ice-free, the indicated route represents a sort of competition to the alternative route through the Suez Canal. Taking into account that the competitiveness of a transport route is conditioned by market determination as well as by the quantity of freight flow through the transport route, the main research aim of this paper is to analyze the current and potential transport supply and demand as well as the Northern Sea Route's competitive environment in order to assess, in this regard its valorization and affirmation possibilities.

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39

Rushton, G., and J.-C. Thill. "The Effect of Distance Metric on the Degree of Spatial Competition between Firms." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 4 (April 1989): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a210499.

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The proportion of a firm's market-area that is within a given, small, proportional difference in delivered-price between itself and its principal competitor, is an important measure of spatial competition. It is shown that for regular triangular and irregular spatial patterns of firms, areas of intense spatial competition are larger when transport costs are proportional to euclidean distances rather than to block distances, but this is not true for a regular square pattern. In an irregular pattern of firms, for each metric, the proportion of a firm's market-area in the area of intense spatial competition varies markedly from firm to firm. The locational and pricing behavior of firms is expected to be influenced by the size and locations of these areas of spatial competition.

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40

Kotova, E. A. "Directions of innovative development of railway transport." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162336-46.

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Introduction. The reform of railway transport radically changes forms and methods of business process management. This reform of JSC "Russian Railways" affects all levels of management and all types of activity. The key method of reform realization is competition development in the sector of railway transportation. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify possibilities of railway transport competitive advantages development as a result of strategic innovations conception applying. In the paper are considered: features of railway transport innovative development; strategic innovations conception as a base of corporation growth and decline of competition level as a result of new business models; directions and volume of financing of innovative process in JSC "Russian Railways"; technological providing of company’s innovative strategy realization. Methodology. For achievement of the research purpose general scientific methods were applied, such as: system approach, analysis and synthesis, comparison. Results. In the article main directions of railway transport development according to innovative strategy of JSC "Russian Railways" are considered. The alternative way is realization of strategic innovations conception. Practical importance. Strategic innovations conception which described in the article may be used in JSC "Russian Railways" when changing of strategic aims and priorities of company development. Conclusion. In the conditions of modern market enterprises and companies have to search new management forms and methods to provide their competitive advantages. Railway transport dev elopement strategy supposes rolling stock updating, rising of transportation services quality, efficiency and safety, building of new railway lines and transport infrastructure modernization. For JSC "Russian Railways" in this context the main perspectives are development of human resources potential, assing to innovative development. Strategic innovations conception is one of the ways of company’s competitivenessand efficiency increasing, having a perspective of practical application.

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41

Newman, Karl, and Rosa Greaves. "II. Transport." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no. 1 (January 1996): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300058759.

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The arrival of Neil Kinnock, in January 1995, as the new Commissioner in charge of the transport portfolio, has led to particular emphasis on three objectives: improvement of the quality of the European transport system; integration of the transport policy into the single market; and negotiations with non-Community countries.1 During the last 18 months, the main legal developments continue to be concerned primarily with infrastructure, safety, negotiations with non-Community countries and improving the competitiveness of the industry by adopting liberalising measures and enforcing the EC competition rules.

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Dong, Yijie, Honghong Dong, Zengwei Feng, Xing Wang, Qing Yao, and Honghui Zhu. "A Disturbed Siderophore Transport Inhibits Myxobacterial Predation." Cells 11, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11233718.

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Background: Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of bacterial competition is a fundamental question. Iron is an essential trace nutrient that bacteria compete for. The most prevalent manner for iron scavenging is through the secretion of siderophores. Although tremendous efforts have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of siderophores biosynthesis, export, uptake, and regulation of siderophores, the ecological aspects of siderophore-mediated competition are not well understood. Methods: We performed predation and bacterial competition assays to investigate the function of siderophore transport on myxobacterial predation. Results: Deletion of msuB, which encodes an iron chelate uptake ABC transporter family permease subunit, led to a reduction in myxobacterial predation and intracellular iron, but iron deficiency was not the predominant reason for the decrease in the predation ability of the ∆msuB mutant. We further confirmed that obstruction of siderophore transport decreased myxobacterial predation by investigating the function of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase for siderophore biosynthesis, a TonB-dependent receptor, and a siderophore binding protein in M. xanthus. Our results showed that the obstruction of siderophores transport decreased myxobacterial predation ability through the downregulation of lytic enzyme genes, especially outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-specific proteins. Conclusions: This work provides insight into the mechanism of siderophore-mediated competition in myxobacteria.

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Wu, Lin Lin, Luo Zhang, and Hui Min Ge. "Pricing Strategy of Public and Individual Competition Transportation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.861.

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In the inter-city traffic modes, individual traffic (one person per car) and public transport are the most prevailing means of transportation which have access to the same traffic route. The two traffic modes intervene with each other and result in transport bottlenecks frequently. Based on the above practical situation in the urban traffic, this paper develops the model of transport bottlenecks. This essay establishes the generalized travel cost models of these two traffic modes respectively. The essay analyses the balance point between public transport and individual traffic. It deduces and compares the change of traffic flow and travel cost of individual traffic and that of public transport under static and dynamic pricing policies. This paper deepens people’s understanding of the issues on division of competitive system. Based on the analysis, the paper proposes that from the perspective of sustainable development the government should guide passengers to choose the appropriate traffic mode and adopt the policy of dynamic toll to promote the sustainable development in the area.

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Kucko, Magdalena. "The EU-Qatar Air Transport Agreement: Bound to Succeed?" Air and Space Law 45, Issue 3 (June 1, 2020): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2020037.

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Created to provide for a new global benchmark by virtue of strong fair competition mechanisms in combination with ‘modern’ provisions on transparency, environmental protection and social aspects that have traditionally never been addressed in bilateral air services agreements (ASAs), the 2019 European Union (EU)-Qatar Air Transport Agreement has its ambitions set high. By analysing the Agreement’s content as well as the relevant legal environments it will operate in, this article signals certain flaws in the Agreement’s enactment that may trump its functioning. In particular, it identifies that it is the lack of a culture of competition enforcement in the aviation sector on the part of the State of Qatar combined with a potential overly aggressive approach when it comes to the achievement of fair competition objectives on the part of the EU that could impede the Agreement’s future success. bilateral air transport agreement, air law, European Union, Qatar, fair competition

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Prebežac, Darko. "The quality of air transport services in function of improving the total quality of tourism offer." Tourism and hospitality management 3, no. 2 (1997): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.3.2.13.

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Growing rivalry among competitive airlines in the air travel market, appearance of new competitors which of course have been located in the profitable parts of the market, changes in the behaviour of potential passengers, insufficient and therefore high-priced airport and air traffic control infrastructure, as well as the increased competition of the alternatives to the air transport such as telecommunications media and super-last trains, characterise the present competition in the air transport market. Significant changes in behaviour of potential users of airline services have appeared on the side of air transport service demand, and the airlines themselves have less and less influence on distributions channels. The result of it are the increasing price-pressure and considerable decrease of passengers loyalty. Due to the increase of travel intensity passengers have become more experienced and critical in quality estimation of offered service as well as in checking whether the price of service corresponds to its quality. This has forced airlines to adapt permanently to new and more demanding passenger requirements. Those airlines which are not able to follow cost decreasing trend are obliged to improve their own competitive position looking for the reserve in other business fields. This is the only way of surviving in their fight for passengers. Therefore, the quality of air transport service plays an increasing role in the development of their competition capability. Since tourism offer consists of different kind of products and services, air transport service being one of them, it is of utmost importance that all of them meet to a maximum degree with passengers quality requirements, hi such manner passengers will get an impression that it is a question of an unbroken chain making a total quality concept of services they have expected, companies will capitalise money and time they have spent in developing service quality and improving their own productivity, and tourist industry will be able to respond to the most recent market challenges in a more adequate way.

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Palšaitis, Ramūnas, Darius Bazaras, and Gintautas Labanauskas. "THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LITHUANIAN AND LATVIAN TRANSIT TRANSPORT." TRANSPORT 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2004): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2004.9637945.

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The results of the comparative analysis of Lithuanian and Latvian transit transport show that transit transport systems of these countries compete against each other. Latvia has evidently better developed harbours, which are able to process bigger scopes of loads. In comparison with Lithuanian transit transport system, Latvia has the competitive advantages, which are determined by its historical and trading relations, infrastructure, socio‐cultural environment and traditions as well as more favourable integration with other systems of transport. In this article general indicators of sea and railroads transit transport as well as the problems, which impede the development of transport system, are analysed. It is suggested to pay attention to the proposed strategic directions of transit services development as well as to solve (on the governmental level) the questions of competition choosing the cooperation policy of Lithuanian and Latvian systems of transit transport

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Tłoczyński, Dariusz. "The competitive position of the low cost carrier Wizz Air on the Polish market of air transport services." Transport Economics and Logistics 76 (December 4, 2018): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.76.05.

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In the air transport market, competitive processes are seen more and more in terms of intra-industry, hence air carriers strive to achieve a high competitive position. Thus, the main goal of the research undertaken in the article is to assess the competitive position of the Hungarian air carrier Wizz Air. On the basis of the presented objective, the factors influencing the achievement of competitive position by enterprises were analyzed. The article uses available secondary sources in relation to the Polish air transport market. When analyzing the functioning of Wizz Air, the airports in which the aircarrier conducts operational activities were selected. The comparative analysis was carried out on selected routes where competition between Wizz Air and other carriers takes place.

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Lakatos, András, and Péter Mándoki. "Analytical, Logit Model-based Examination of the Hungarian Regional Parallel Public Transport System." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 32, no. 3 (May 10, 2020): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v32i3.3307.

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The ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in the Hungarian regional passenger transport is a current problem, because these subsectors need to complement each other, instead of being in the government-funded competition. Long-term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport require a balanced transport policy. The parallel bus and railway links, which are present in all regions of Hungary can result in competition. This research explores the solutions to this issue for long-term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. An objective index and interventions developed in previous studies have been applied here. This investigation is to validate the objective index and the interventions by using the Logit model.

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Peetawan. "Overview of Air-Rail Passenger Transport Relationship from 1997 to 2018." Proceedings 39, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019039011.

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World international passenger transport nowadays is dominated by air transport, while domestic passenger transport in certain region relies on rail transport. Aviation and railroad industry have been a rivalry since the introduction of commercial airlines. Although the relationships between both modes are initially competition, there are several other forms of relationship including cooperation and integration. This paper identified and categorized research themes for air-rail passenger transport relationship from research papers published between 1997 and 2018 by using content-based analysis. The literatures included in this paper focused on transportation science disciplines, namely economic, social, environment, and operations. Other analysis context are the analysis of word frequency and trend analysis for geographical area of research. Air-rail transport research themes were identified as modal comparison, modal influence, modal competition, modal cooperation, and modal integration. It has been found that in the early years, Europe is the region that dominate the research on air-rail passenger transport. However, China is an emerging country over the past five years. Additionally, research theme relies heavily on modal competition and modal influence.

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Rivers, Damien M. R., Derek D. Kim, and Ivan J. Oresnik. "Inability to Catabolize Rhamnose by Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021 Affects Competition for Nodule Occupancy." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040732.

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Rhizobium leguminosarum strains unable to grow on rhamnose as a sole carbon source are less competitive for nodule occupancy. To determine if the ability to use rhamnose as a sole carbon source affects competition for nodule occupancy in Sinorhizobium meliloti, Tn5 mutants unable to use rhamnose as a sole carbon source were isolated. S. meliloti mutations affecting rhamnose utilization were found in two operons syntenous to those of R. leguminosarum. Although the S. meliloti Tn5 mutants were complemented using an R. leguminosarum cosmid that contains the entire wild-type rhamnose catabolic locus, complementation did not occur if the cosmids carried Tn5 insertions within the locus. Through a series of heterologous complementation experiments, enzyme assays, gene fusion, and transport experiments, we show that the S. meliloti regulator, RhaR, is dominant to its R. leguminosarum counterpart. In addition, the data support the hypothesis that the R. leguminosarum kinase is capable of directly phosphorylating rhamnose and rhamnulose, whereas the S. meliloti kinase does not possess rhamnose kinase activity. In nodule competition assays, S. meliloti mutants incapable of rhamnose transport were shown to be less competitive than the wild-type and had a decreased ability to bind plant roots in the presence of rhamnose. The data suggests that rhamnose catabolism is a general determinant in competition for nodule occupancy that spans across rhizobial species.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Transport competition'

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