Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transparenza

Academic literature on the topic 'Transparenza'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transparenza"

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Coteño Muñoz, Alejandro. "Transparencia (judicial) = Judicial Transparency." EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, no. 16 (March 29, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2019.4700.

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Resumen: La transparencia judicial representa una de las más importantes demandas de la ciudadanía a la Justicia. Tanto desde las instituciones como desde la Jurisprudencia y la Doctrina se ha afirmado repetidas veces la importancia de esta transparencia, sin embargo, hasta el momento, no se ha realizado un estudio profundo y sistemático de la misma. Es por ello que este texto trata de ahondar en el concepto de “transparencia judicial” y fijar los términos para futuros estudios y reformas. Así, por una parte, se analiza la publicidad activa −la publicación de información− y, por otra parte, la publicidad pasiva −el derecho de acceso a la información−, todo ello diferenciando si se trata de información relativa al Consejo General del Poder Judicial (en adelante, CGPJ) o de información judicial en sentido estricto. Para concluir, se aportan unas conclusiones que defienden la necesidad de reformas que ensanchen la transparencia judicial a fin de no dejarla en simples palabras.Palabras clave: Publicidad activa, publicidad pasiva, derecho de acceso, interesado, rendición de cuentas.Abstract: Judicial transparency represents one of the most important demands from the citizenship to Justice. From the institutions, as well as from Jurisprudence and Doctrine, the importance of this transparency has been repeatedly declared, however, until now, a deep and systematic study of it has not been carried out. That is why this text tries to delve into the concept of “judicial transparency” and set the terms for future studies and reforms. Thus, on the one hand, active transparency is analyzed −the publishing of information− and, on the other hand, passive transparency −the right of access to information−, all this distinguishing between information related to the General Council of the Judiciary or judicial information strictly talking. To end up, conclusions, which defend the need of reforms that broaden judicial transparency, so as not to leave it in simple words, are provided.Keywords: Active transparency, passive transparency, right of access, interested, accountability.
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Gallastegui Ormaechea, Itxaso. "Gardentasun kultura benetako baten ezarpenerako zenbait Estrategia." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 1479–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.061.

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LABURPENA: Espainiako sistema politiko-administratiboak azkenaldian bizi duen krisialdiaren irtenbidea, hein handi batean, gardentasun publikoa herrialde baten izaera demokratikoaren zutabe sendo eta ordezkaezina dela aitortzeak eratzen du. Bide horretan, abiapuntu gisa, informazio publikora sarbidea izateko oinarrizko eskubide baten errekonozimendua identifika daiteke. Informazioaren eta komunikazioaren teknologia berriek —Open Data eta Open Government Atariek, besteak beste— zabaldutako harreman digitaleko kanalak ere paper garrantzitsu bat jokatzera datozela esan beharra dago, euren inplikazioen gardentasuna bermatzeko eta sustatzeko kontrol-mekanismo egokien ezarpena galdatuagatik ere. Baina espainiar Administrazio Publikoen antolaketa eta jarduna gardenak direla segurtatu dadin, ezinbestekoa da beste zenbait medio eta instrumentutara jotzea, etika publikoaren berrezarpenera, batez ere. RESUMEN: La solución a la crisis que últimamente vive el sistema político-administrativo español pasa, en gran medida, por que se acepte que la transparencia pública es un firme e irremplazable pilar del carácter democrático de un país. El reconocimiento de un derecho fundamental de acceso a la información pública puede identificarse como punto de partida de dicha trayectoria. Cabe indicar que los canales de relación digital que han abierto las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación —los Portales de Open Data y Open Government, por ejemplo—, a pesar de exigir la instauración de mecanismos de control que aseguren y promuevan la transparencia de sus implicaciones, también vienen a desempeñar un papel importante. No obstante, para garantizar que la organización y la acción de las Administraciones Públicas españolas sea transparente, es preciso recurrir, también, a otra serie de vías e instrumentos, a la restauración de la ética pública, principalmente. ABSTRACT: The solution to the crisis that the Spanish political and administrative system is lately living rests to a great extent on accepting that public transparence is a firm and irreplaceable pillar to the democratic character of a country. The acknowledgment of a fundamental right to the access to public information can be identified as a starting point in that path. It should be pointed out that the channels of digital relationship opened by new technologies of information and communication —for example Open Data and Open Government websites— despite requiring the establishment of control mechanisms for securing and promoting the transparency of their implications, can also play an important role. However, in order to guarantee that the organization and the action by public administrations is transparent, it is necessary to resort to another sort of paths and instruments, mainly to public ethics.
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Aizpún de Bobadilla, Teresa. "La visión moderna del conocimiento y su repercusión en el arte: la transparencia / The Modern Vision of Knowledge and Its Impact in the Art: Transparency." Revista Internacional de Cultura Visual 5, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-revvisual.v5.1821.

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ABSTRACTThe metaphor of transparency has always embodied the human longing for perfection. Transparency or that which hides nothing, what allows us to see through itself not leaving any space to mystery, is as a matter of fact the symbol of perfect knowledge. This very idea had an incredible influence on art, but transparency is a wonderfully broad concept and its meaning is not univocal and much less in the first decades of the 20th century, when not only does it become the symbol of perfection in knowledge but also the symbol of all perfection: of the new man and the new society. RESUMENLa metáfora de la transparencia encarna las ansias humanas de perfección. Lo transparente, lo que no oculta nada, lo que permite ver a través de sí y no deja espacio al misterio, es el símbolo del conocimiento perfecto. Esta idea ha tenido una enorme influencia en el arte, pero, la transparencia es un concepto muy amplio y su significado no es unívoco y mucho menos en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, en que llega a ser no sólo el símbolo de la perfección del conocimiento, sino de toda perfección: del hombre nuevo y de la nueva sociedad.
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Pennetreau, Damien, and Thomas Laloux. "Talkin’ ‘bout a Negotiation: (Un)Transparent Rapporteurs’ Speeches in the European Parliament." Politics and Governance 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i1.3823.

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For policies to be legitimate, both the policy process and the underlying reasons must be transparent to the public. In the EU, the lion’s share of legislation is nowadays negotiated in informal secluded meeting called trilogues. Therefore, presentation of the trilogues compromise by the rapporteur to the European Parliament (EP) plenary is, arguably, one of the few formal occasions for ‘transparency in process,’ i.e., public access to the details of actual interactions between policymakers. The aim of this article is thus to examine the extent to which rapporteurs are transparent about trilogue negotiations when presenting legislative compromises to the EP during plenary sessions, and to assess whether the extent of transparency is linked to the extent of conflict between legislative actors and to elements of the political context related to rapporteurs. To this purpose, we coded 176 rapporteur speeches and, on this basis, concluded that these speeches poorly discuss the trilogue negotiations. Interinstitutional negotiations are discussed in only 64% of cases, and even when they are, the extent of information about trilogues is generally small. While we do not find support for an effect of political conflicts, some characteristics linked with rapporteurs are significantly related to transparency in process of their speeches. This is the case for their political affiliation and their national culture of transparence.
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Wang, Bo, Hengjun Hou, and Zhengwei Zhu. "Transparency and applications of transparent soil: a review." Geotechnical Research 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgere.21.00016.

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The effects of particle size, pore fluid ratio, solution ratio, temperature, time and other preparation factors on the transparency of transparent soil are discussed. The quality of transparency determines the effectiveness of transparent soil in model tests. Also, existing methods cannot quantify transparency in real-time. The history of transparent soil development and the problems encountered in preparation are reviewed; the existing transparency testing methods are scrutinised; and the problems of transparency testing are described. On the basis of progress in the application of machine learning methods to geotechnical engineering, the advantages and technical issues of the method to predict soil transparency are discussed. Lastly, issues that require further research are considered.
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Wang, Bo, Hengjun Hou, and Zhengwei Zhu. "Transparency and applications of transparent soil: a review." Geotechnical Research 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgere.21.00016.

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The effects of particle size, pore fluid ratio, solution ratio, temperature, time and other preparation factors on the transparency of transparent soil are discussed. The quality of transparency determines the effectiveness of transparent soil in model tests. Also, existing methods cannot quantify transparency in real-time. The history of transparent soil development and the problems encountered in preparation are reviewed; the existing transparency testing methods are scrutinised; and the problems of transparency testing are described. On the basis of progress in the application of machine learning methods to geotechnical engineering, the advantages and technical issues of the method to predict soil transparency are discussed. Lastly, issues that require further research are considered.
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Sun, Zhiwen, Gangqiang Kong, Yang Zhou, Yang Shen, and Hanyu Xiao. "Thixotropy of a Transparent Clay Manufactured Using Carbopol to Simulate Marine Soil." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 4, 2021): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070738.

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A transparent clay manufactured using Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 (simplified as U10) was introduced, and its manufacturing processes were briefly described. Both relative transparency (RT) and modulation transfer function (MTF) methods were used to quantify the optical character variation via soil thickness. The transparency of this new transparent clay was analyzed and compared with four traditional transparent materials. The thixotropic properties of this synthetic transparent clay were measured in detail through the laboratory vane test. An exponential function was used to describe the thixotropy and sensitivity of the clay. The results showed that the new transparent clay has a relatively higher optical transparency than the majority of previous materials. Good-fitting results showed a similar development trend in thixotropy for the synthetic transparent clay and the natural ones. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the transparent clay was low to medium, which can simulate marine soil. With higher optical transparency than and similar thixotropy and sensitivity as natural clays, Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 shows great potential as a substitute for natural clay and is expected to be widely used in model tests.
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Fukuda, Mami, and Sergio C. Masin. "Test of Balanced Transparency." Perception 23, no. 1 (January 1994): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p230037.

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It is implicitly or explicitly assumed in current transparency models that all the parts of a completely transparent surface have the same perceived degree of transparency. In general, the two experiments reported here have shown that this assumption is false. Consequently, any general transparency equation based on this assumption is unjustified. Separate transparency equations for the different parts of a transparent surface are instead justified. This indicates the need for a model of the overall judgment of transparency of these parts. In the second experiment the hypothesis that the judged degree of transparency of a whole transparent surface is a weighted average of the judged degrees of transparency of the different parts of this surface was tested. The results contradict this hypothesis and support the idea that the judgment of transparency of a whole surface and that of its parts depend on different stimulus conditions.
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Hengeveld, Kees, and Sterre Leufkens. "Transparent and non-transparent languages." Folia Linguistica 52, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 139–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2018-0003.

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Abstract Languages differ widely from one another in the extent to which they are transparent, i.e. obey one-to-one relationships between meaning and form. Transparency, in turn, is an important factor in the learnability of languages. This paper first sets out a framework for the study of transparency and subsequently studies cross-linguistic differences in transparency, using the theory of Functional Discourse Grammar as its point of departure. Transparent and non-transparent features of languages are systematically defined using the multi-level architecture of this model of language, representing them as mappings between and within levels. In applying this framework to a sample of 30 languages it is shown that the (non-)transparent features investigated can be ordered into an implicational transparency hierarchy, and that as a result the languages of the sample can be ranked in terms of their degrees of transparency as well. Finally, the consequences of these findings for the learnability of languages are discussed.
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Thornton, Daniel L. "Monetary policy transparency: transparent about what?" Manchester School 71, no. 5 (September 2003): 478–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9957.00363.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transparenza"

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VANUZZO, MARIANNA. "LA TRASPARENZA NEL DIRITTO ALIMENTARE EUROPEO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/119853.

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La presente ricerca si propone di approfondire lo studio della trasparenza nel diritto alimentare europeo. La ricerca è di particolare interesse nell’ambito del recente regolamento (EU) 1381/2019 sulla trasparenza e sostenibilità della food chain entrato in vigore il 27 Marzo 2021. Il nuovo regolamento sulla trasparenza ha apportato cambiamenti innovativi alla General Food Law (Regolamento (EU) 178/2002) che, com’è noto, stabilisce i principi e i requisiti generali della legislazione alimentare, e fissa misure comuni per la protezione della salute, sicurezza e protezione dei consumatori. Il valore della trasparenza è strumentale agli scopi della legislazione alimentare europea e alla partecipazione dei cittadini all’ordine democratico, soprattutto alla luce delle relazioni tra i diversi attori del food system. Inoltre, la recente introduzione della Farm to Fork Strategy sottolinea che l’obiettivo del Green Deal europeo nella transizione a un food system più sostenibile richiede un approccio che coinvolga autorità pubbliche, attori privati, ONG, accademici e cittadini. Lo studio quindi, considera gli attori coinvolti e ne sottolinea gli interessi rilevanti. Tra gli stakeholders, la ricerca approfondisce in particolare la posizione degli attori privati, poiché gli obblighi di trasparenza previsti dal nuovo Regolamento possono entrare in contrasto con la protezione dei segreti commerciali. Per quanto riguarda l'impatto della disclosure sulle strategie di regolamentazione, l’obiettivo dello studio è indagare se le nuove regole sulla trasparenza pongono le basi per risolvere le carenze della General Food Law e quali possono essere gli effetti delle nuove regole sugli interessi delle imprese.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate how the topic of transparency has been addressed in the European food law domain. This research clue is particularly important in the wake of the recent Regulation (EU) No 1381/2019 on transparency and sustainability of the food chain entered in force on 27 March 2021. The Regulation on transparency brings innovative changes to the General food law (Regulation (EC) No 178/2002), which, as known, sets common measures for the protection of human health, safety, and consumer protection through fundamental principles and legitimate purposes relating to food law. The value of transparency is instrumental for the European Food Law’s credibility and the citizens’ participation in the democratic order. The latter is even more emphasised in the relationships among the actors of the food system. Moreover, the recent introduction of the Farm to Fork Strategy underlines that the aim of the European Green Deal to transit to a more sustainable food system requires a collective approach involving public authorities, private-sector actors, NGOs, social partners, academic and citizens. The research, therefore, considers the actors involved and highlights the corresponding relevant interests. Among the stakeholders, the private sector is one of particular interest. Significantly, transparency obligations under the new Regulation 1381/2019 could jeopardize the protection of competitive information and trade secrets. Regarding the disclosure rules’ impact on study design and regulatory strategies, our aim is to investigate whether the new rules on transparency could pose the grounds to solve the shortcomings of General Food Law and what can be the effects of the new rules on the businesses’ interests.
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Pruvost, Édouard. "La transparence fiscale, modèle d'imposition du bénéfice des sociétés." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0008.

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Le régime de transparence fiscale est traditionnellement associé au régime fiscal des sociétés de personnes. Cependant, une certaine lecture de la législation fiscale semble démontrer que ce régime pourrait connaître un champ d’application beaucoup plus large. En effet, l’évolution de la législation semble rompre avec le traditionnel critère d’attribution de ce régime d’imposition fondé sur la responsabilité illimitée de l’associé pour y substituer le critère de l’investissement personnel de ce dernier. En outre, il apparaît que le législateur ait depuis toujours été animé par le souci d’éviter une double imposition du bénéfice des sociétés de capitaux. De ce fait, il semblerait que certains critères de la transparence fiscale puissent également être remplis par les sociétés réputées « fiscalement opaques ». A cet égard, cette thèse a pour ambition de démontrer que le régime de transparence fiscale constitue le modèle d’imposition du bénéfice des sociétés. Enfin, cette étude propose une mise en perspective des avantages mais également des limites que présente le régime de transparence fiscale afin de proposer un régime prospectif plus souple et plus cohérent constituant le socle d’une fiscalité novatrice
This thesis proposes to revisit the issue of tax transparency as tax corporate income model based on the criteria of this regime. In this respect, this research aims to highlight the award criteria, and the criteria for identifying this regime. Historically, fiscal transparency is analyzed as being the tax treatment given to partnerships. However, it appears that changes in tax law have challenged the traditional award criteria of this regime which is now granted to certain companies other than partnerships. Moreover, it appears that some of the tax transparency identification criteria are reflected in the corporation tax system. Thus, this research aims to demonstrate that fiscal transparency is the tax model of corporate earnings, and aims to provide a prospective tax system based on fiscal transparency
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Pettersson, Felix, and Victor Pettersson. "Is there a connection between prices of cooperativeapartments and offices?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146616.

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Property valuation of commercial real estates is often seen as complicated. The actors think that their valuation method is the best and the results of the valuation depend on whom you ask. There are many attributes that have to be given a value and information about these attributes is often difficult to get. A possible explanation for these problems is the decline of the transparency in the Swedish real estate market over the last years. Essential information about commercial real estates is lost because they are traded as companies. This makes it problematic to make optimal valuations. The co-operative apartment market is very different from the commercial real estate market. The transparency is high and the transactions are many. The prices in the co-operative apartment market continue to rise and they are much easier to valuate. The purpose of this thesis is to see if there is a connection between market values in the condominium market and market values for office buildings. If a connection is found it may be helpful in the valuation process of office buildings. The first objective is to look at the ratio square meter co-operative apartment prices divided with square meter office building prices. The first part of the thesis is based on analogy and digital literature. Next part will consist of valuations with yield methods of office buildings and observed transactions. The result of this thesis shows no given connection between office and co-operative apartment prices, but the highest residence prices are found in the same areas with highest office prices. The ratio that is mentioned above was not useful for the purpose. The results have shown the difficulties of finding information and valuating real estate.
Värderingar av kontorsfastigheter anses ofta komplicerade. Olika aktörer anser sin värderingsmetod som bäst och resultatet av bedömda värden beror på vem du frågar. Det är många parametrar som kan bedömas och ges ett värde, samtidigt som informationen ofta är svår att få tag i. En anledning till problemet skulle kunna vara den minskning av transparens som skett på svenska fastighetsmarknaden under senare år, troligtvis till följd av att allt fler fastigheter ingår i bolagsförvärv. För att kunna göra en optimal värdering av en kontorsfastighet krävs lättillgänglig information om liknande transaktioner. Därför krävs en öppenhet på kontorsmarknaden som i dag försvårats av tidigare nämnda bolagsförvärv. Tittar man istället på bostadsrättsmarknaden är läget annorlunda. Informationen är lättillgänglig och transaktionerna många. Trots att priserna Stockholmsområdet fortsätter att stiga kan man med relativt hög säkerhet värdera en bostadsrätt. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka om det finns någon koppling mellan marknadsvärden på bostadsrättsmarknaden och marknadsvärden kontorsmarknaden. Om denna koppling finns, kan den vara till hjälp vid värdering av kontorsfastigheter. Målet är först och främst att se om kvoten, bostadrättspris dividerat med kontorspris, är användbar. Rapportens första del bygger på analog och digital litteratur. Den andra delen består av värderingar med direktavkastningsmetoden och jämförelser som gjorts med hjälp av aktuella transaktioner och riktvärden. Resultatet visar inget självklart samband mellan priser på bostadsrätter och kontor, men de högsta kontorspriserna återfinns i områden med högst bostadspriser. Det har inte gått att styrka användningen av ovan nämnda kvot. Rapporten har framförallt resulterat i en bekräftelse av de svårigheter informationssökning och värdering av kontor innebär.
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Valdovinos, Jorge Ignacio. "The Becoming-Transparent of Ideology: Steps towards a critical theory of transparency." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23762.

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Conceived as unmediated access to information, transparency has become one of the most relevant key terms of our age. Usually associated with positive cultural values such as honesty, openness, and accountability, the conceptual metaphors that animate transparency can provide an aura of authenticity, serving as a signifier of neutrality. And yet, they can also serve to naturalise indistinctness, inconspicuousness, and invisibility. This semantic ambiguity makes transparency an exceedingly useful rhetorical device, one that is particularly useful for discourses seeking the legitimation of power—a seamless strategy that is able to regulate attention while producing a sense of objectivity and trust. A careful inspection of the conceptual genealogy of transparency during the 20th century suggests that the term has a deep and sustained ideological complicity with neoliberal hegemony. While on a discursive level transparency promises the abolition of unequal flows of information, on a conceptual level, however, it operates by translating structures of power into structures of feeling; informing our sensibilities without contesting our sense of epistemic autonomy. In this way, transparency is able to conflate economic logics with cultural values, naturalising chains of associations that are crucial for the legitimation of the neoliberal thought collective. The origins of this mechanism, however, run deep into the roots of Western thought. This thesis traces transparency's evolving semantic constellation through various historical junctures, including Heidegger's phenomenology, Modernist Aesthetics, early computer Science, and Hayek's critique of central planning; exposing it as a key operator in the revaluation of ideals, sensibilities, and modalities of perception that lie at the core of our contemporary economy of attention.
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Lambert, Damien. "To govern or to be governed ? : The proxy advisor, a corporate governance actor in the making." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESEC0003.

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Cette thèse se propose d’analyser l’agence en conseil de vote et les mécanismes de responsabilisation dans le champ de la gouvernance d’entreprise au travers de plusieurs prismes. Elle se compose d’une introduction générale, de trois chapitres distincts mais interconnectés et d’une conclusion générale. Chaque chapitre suit un ordre logique mais est organisé comme un papier de recherche indépendant avec des contributions théoriques et empiriques qui lui sont propres. Cette thèse étudie l’émergence et la structuration de l’industrie des agences en conseil de vote à un niveau transnational, depuis la construction du champ de la gouvernance (Chapitre 1) à l’autorégulation de l’agence en conseil de vote (Chapitre 2) et enfin la gouvernance (d’entreprise) en action (Chapitre 3)
The dissertation investigates the emergence and the structuration of the proxy advisory industry at a transnational level, from the construction of the field of governance (Chapter 1) to the (self)-governance of the proxy 43 advisor (Chapter 2) and ultimately to the (corporate) governance in action (Chapter 3). The general conclusion wraps-up the main contributions of the dissertation, discusses the potential limitations of this research and suggests avenues for future research
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Harvey, John L. "Transparency in the Urban Context: a study on the complexity of transparent pieces." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41791.

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Architecture should strive to create a dialogue between the history of architecture and its future. This dialogue is really a mosaic of interconnections formed by our conceptions of context and order. These interconnections strive to be transparent so as to introduce a level of complexity that allows for a multitude of readings and is in constant variation as provided by the site, the inhabitants and the building. It is thru these transparent interconnections that dialogue is enriched. The project has been driven by a reciprocal struggle between specific site conditions, and the development of tectonic pieces that order, clarify and sometimes veil a larger whole. Whose end is to connect with a larger whole and elevate its seemingly simple pieces to a level of complexity that is greater than the sum of those parts.
Master of Architecture
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Högström, Julia, and Agnes Stenbom. "Oats and Honesty : Organisational Transparency Measured Through Audience Perceptions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-274991.

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Our modern society posts high demands for transparency, not least regarding organisational communication. The perception that the power of defining transparency lies with the audience aimed to perceive it has reached great academic anchoring, but research on the field is thin. The Swedish lifestyle company Oatly describes itself as transparent, but with a number of hypotheses the authors of this thesis essay examine whether their audience agrees. The study also investigates which key factors are contributing to the audience’s perception of the company’s communication. The study is both theoretically and empirically based on a model created by Rawlins (2009), in which four main categories determine an organisation’s transparency; Participation, Substantial Information, Accountability and Secretive. The empirical studies (an internet survey with 346 respondents and 4 conversational interviews) offered evidence which manifests trends among the audience. Oatly’s clear and accessible communication, trustworthiness and humor turned out to be key factors contributing to the audience perceiving Oatly as very transparent. The perception of Oatly’s transparency seemed to be created when the audience interacted with the company, their friends or product packagings, rather than when they were given information through a one-way channel. This thesis essay consequently concludes with an appeal for further research on the notion of transparency to - in order to achieve validity - be put in a modern context where mobility and social interaction are central concepts.
Vårt moderna samhälle ställer höga krav på transparens, inte minst när det gäller organisationskommunikation. Uppfattningen om att makten att definiera transparens ligger hos den publik tänkt att åtnjuta den har nått stark akademisk förankring, men forskningsfältet är tunnt. Det svenska livsstilsföretaget Oatly beskriver ​sig själva som transparenta, men med en rad hypoteser undersöker författarna av denna uppsats istället huruvida företagets ​publik uppfattar det som sådant , samt vilka faktorer som påverkar deras uppfattning. Studien finner både sin teoretiska och empiriska utgångspunkt i en av Rawlins (2009) sammanställd modell där fyra huvudsakliga faktorer avgör organisationers transparens: Deltagande, konkret information, pålitlighet och hemligheter. Studiens empiri (en internetenkät med 346 respondenter samt 4 djupintervjuer) erbjöd bevis som manifesterar uppenbara trender bland publiken. Oatly’s tydliga och lätttillgängliga kommunikation, produktförpackningar och humor visade sig vara centrala faktorer, och författarna når i uppsatsen slutsatsen att Oatly definieras som mycket transparenta av sin publik. Uppfattningen av Oatly’s transparens tycktes uppstå vid de tillfällen då publiken interagerade med företaget, sina vänner eller produktförpackningar, snarare än när de enbart levererades information. Uppsatsen avslutas därför med en notering om att forskning på ämnet transparens måste - för att uppnå validitet - sättas in i ett samtida kontext där mobilitet och social interaktion är centrala koncept.
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Andreas, Andersson, and Ramsén Simon. "Företagsobligationer : En kvalitativ studie om samband mellan transparens och likviditet på sekundärmarknaden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28768.

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Den svenska marknaden för företagsobligationer har vuxit i både volym och antal emittenter sedan finanskrisen 2007/2008. Marknaden genomgår fundamentala förändringar som kan påverka intresset för företagsobligationer bland marknadens aktörer. I februari 2015 trädde Finansinspektionens praxis för ökad transparens och öppenhet på marknaden för företagsobligationer i kraft. Litteraturstudien som genomförts inför uppsatsen uppmärksammade att utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv är det oklart vilken påverkan ökad transparens får på variabler som intresse, likviditet, konkurrens och kostnader. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva samband mellan transparens och likviditet på den svenska marknaden för företagsobligationer. I en kvalitativ studie har 13 intervjuer med olika aktörer på företagsobligationsmarknaden analyserats med hjälp av teori skriven i ämnet. Generellt tycks marknadens aktörer eniga om att transparens är positivt, dock råder det delade meningar om vilken grad av transparens som är lämplig samt vilken påverkan transparens får på marknaden. Marknaden bör vara tillräckligt transparent för att investerare ska ha en tilltro att handla men graden av transparens ska inte heller missgynna market makers som ställer priser.
The Swedish corporate bond market has grown in both volume and number of issuers since the financial crisis in 2007/2008. The market is undergoing fundamental changes that may affect the attractiveness of corporate bonds among market participants. In February 2015 came the Swedish Financial Supervisory practices in force for increased transparency and openness in the corporate bond market. The literature review conducted for the paper indicates that, from a theoretical perspective it is unclear what impact increased transparency will have for variables such as interest, liquidity, competition and costs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between transparency and liquidity in the Swedish market for corporate bonds. In a qualitative study, 13 interviews with various actors in the corporate bond market has been analyzed by using the theory written on the subject. In general, market participants seem to agree that transparency is positive, however, there are divided opinions on the appropriate degree of transparency and what impact transparency will have on the market. The market must be sufficiently transparent for investors to be confident to participate but the degree of transparency should not disfavor market makers whom set prices.
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Inamura, Chikara. "Towards a new transparency : high fidelity additive manufacturing of transparent glass structures across scales." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112536.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Optically transparent and structurally sound, glass has played a significant role in the evolution of product and architectural design across scales and disciplines, and throughout the ages. Glass processing methods - such as blowing, pressing, and forming - have aimed at achieving increased glass performance and functionality. Nonetheless, techniques and technologies enabling controlled tunability of its optical and mechanical properties at high spatial manufacturing resolution have remained an end without a means. This thesis presents GLASS II - a high fidelity, large-scale, additive manufacturing technology for optically transparent glass combined with demonstrations of novelty through a construction of fully transparent glass structures at architectural scale. The enabling technology builds upon previous research conducted at the Mediated Matter Group and introduces a fundamental restructuring of the platform's architecture and process control informed by the material properties and behaviors of silicate glass. The new manufacturing technology provides a digitally integrated thermal control system across the entire glass forming processes, combined with a novel 4-axis motion control system; enabling a high fidelity manufacturing process capable of producing glass structures with tunable yet predictable mechanical and optical properties. The material fundamentally drives how the machine is used, and in return, the machine can change how the glass is formed and used. In order to evaluate the full capability of this new manufacturing technology, a series of three-meter tall glass column structures were designed, engineered, manufactured, and constructed. Harnessing its optical transparency in conjunction with the spatial tunability of the material deposition across the full length of the column, geometry of each column is topologically optimized under the material constrains of the viscoelastic filament such that the result provides highly efficient structural performance as free standing columns while each layer of the printed glass acts as a lens and transforms the incoming light into spatial interactions of kaleidoscopic caustics. This large-scale multifunctional 3D printed glass structure, embodying a new mode of transparency in architecture, was exhibited in Italy for the first time during the Milan Design Week in April 2017.
by Chikara Inamura.
S.M.
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Yue, Fangxin. "Development of a cryogenic 2 μm multi-pass amplifier in nanosecond regime." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672195.

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Motivada per la creixent demanda d'aplicació dels làsers de potència mitjana / pic alta a 2 micres, aquesta tesi doctoral està dedicada a desenvolupar un amplificador criogènic multipàs a 2 micres en règim de nanosegons basat en la ceràmica transparent Tm: Y2O3. Per assolir aquest objectiu, es va estudiar a fons la ceràmica transparent Tm: Y2O3 com a mitjà actiu i es va emprar el concepte d'amplificador de potència d'oscil·lador mestre (master oscillator power amplifier) per desenvolupar el sistema làser criogènic. Aquest treball es divideix en 7 capítols. El capítol 1 presenta l'estat actual dels làsers polsats a 2 micres, així com la motivació i els objectius d'aquesta tesi. Els capítols 2, 3 i 4 descriuen les caracteritzacions de l'medi actiu (ceràmica transparent Tm: Y2O3) en termes d'estructura de l'material, espectroscòpia criogènica i potencial làser en ona contínua. A partir d'aquests estudis, es van obtenir paràmetres crucials en el disseny de l'làser, com la longitud d'ona exacta de bombament / làser, la vida mitjana de l'nivell emissor, el factor de guany, etc. El capítol 5 presenta la demostració d'un oscil·lador mestre (master oscillator), que va servir com a font llavor per a l'etapa de l'amplificador. El capítol 6 mostra l'escalat en energia a través de l'amplificador de pas múltiple en dues geometries diferents. A la fin, el capítol 7 resumeix els resultats obtinguts i projecta la investigació futura.
Motivada por la creciente demanda de aplicación de los láseres de potencia media / pico alta a 2 μm, esta tesis doctoral está dedicada a desarrollar un amplificador criogénico multipaso a 2 μm en régimen de nanosegundos basado en la cerámica transparente Tm:Y2O3. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se estudió a fondo la cerámica transparente Tm:Y2O3 como medio activo y se empleó el concepto de amplificador de potencia de oscilador maestro (master oscillator power amplifier) para desarrollar el sistema láser criogénico. Este trabajo se divide en 7 capítulos. El capítulo 1 presenta el estado actual de los láseres pulsados a 2 μm, así como la motivación y los objetivos de esta tesis. Los capítulos 2, 3 y 4 describen las caracterizaciones del medio activo (cerámica transparente Tm:Y2O3) en términos de estructura del material, espectroscopía criogénica y potencial láser en onda continua. A partir de esos estudios, se obtuvieron parámetros cruciales en el diseño del láser, como la longitud de onda exacta de bombeo / láser, la vida media del nivel emisor, el factor de ganancia, etc. El capítulo 5 presenta la demostración de un oscilador maestro (master oscillator), que sirvió como fuente semilla para la etapa del amplificador. El capítulo 6 muestra el escalado en energía a través del amplificador de paso múltiple en dos geometrías diferentes. Al final, el capítulo 7 resume los resultados obtenidos y proyecta la investigación futura.
Motivated by the increasing application demands on the 2 μm high average/peak power lasers, this thesis is devoted to develop a cryogenic 2 μm multi-pass amplifier in the nanosecond regime based on the Tm:Y2O3 transparent ceramics. To reach this goal, the active medium Tm:Y2O3 transparent ceramic was well studied and the master oscillator power amplifier concept was employed for developing the cryogenic laser system. This work is divided into 7 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the current state-of-the-art of the 2 μm pulsed lasers as well as the motivation and objectives of this dissertation. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 describe the characterization of the active medium Tm:Y2O3 transparent ceramic in terms of material structure, cryogenic spectroscopy, and continuous-wave lasing potential, respectively. From those studies, crucial laser design parameters, such as the exact pump/lasing wavelength, lifetime, gain factor, etc., were obtained. Chapter 5 presents the demonstration of a master oscillator, which served as the seed source for the amplifier stage. Chapter 6 shows the energy scaling via the multi-pass amplifier in two different geometries. Finally, chapter 7 summarizes the achieved results and outlooks the future research.
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Books on the topic "Transparenza"

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Helmut Jahn: Transparency/transparencz. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1996.

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1954-, Hauser Sigrid, and Architekturbüro J. S. K, eds. Gebaute Transparenz: JSK Architekten = Built Transparency. Tübingen: E. Wasmuth, 2000.

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Santarossa, Renato. Renato Santarossa: Licht, Schatten, Transparenz = Luce, ombra, trasparenza = Light, shadow, transparency. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1996.

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Gego. Gego: Entre la transparencia y lo invisible = between transparency and the invisible. Edited by Ramírez Mari Carmen 1955-, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston., Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires., Biblioteca Luis-Angel Arango, and Drawing Center (New York, N.Y.). Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2006.

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Jansen, Stephan A., Eckhard Schröter, and Nico Stehr, eds. Transparenz. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3.

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Bittner, Sabine. Strategien der Transparenz: Zwischen Emanzipation und Kontrolle = Strategies of transparency, between emanication and control. Salzburg: Pustet, A, Salzb., 2008.

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1955-, Ramírez Mari Carmen, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires, Biblioteca Luis-Angel Arango, and Drawing Center (New York, N.Y.), eds. Gego: Entre la transparencia y lo invisible = Gego : between transparency and the invisible. [Houston]: Houston Museum of Art, 2006.

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IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (33rd : 2008 : San Diego, Calif.) and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Optimization of conductivity and transparency in amorphous In-Zn-O transparent conductors: Preprint. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2008.

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Streicher, Wolfgang. Transparenz: Gedichte. Offenbach a.M: Arnim Otto Verlag, 1999.

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Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst., ed. Transparenz, Transzendenz. Köln: Wienand, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transparenza"

1

Stehr, Nico, and Cornelia Wallner. "Transparenz: Einleitung." In Transparenz, 9–19. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_1.

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Ufer, Ulrich. "Transparency, Opacity and Status Presentation in the Early Modern City." In Transparenz, 134–51. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_10.

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Renn, Ortwin. "Wer hat Angst vor Risiken? Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Risiken in der Bevölkerung." In Transparenz, 152–62. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_11.

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Bunia, Remigius. "Die Transparenz intransparenter Rhetorik. Die Verständlichkeit politischer Kommunikation und Shakespeares Julius Caesar." In Transparenz, 163–76. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_12.

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Rothmüller, Ninette. "Transparenting Traces – Human Vulnerability as Challenge to Biobanking." In Transparenz, 177–99. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_13.

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Kind, Amy. "The Transparency of Conscious Experience." In Transparenz, 200–214. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_14.

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Priddat, Birger P. "Ernähren, Essen, Schmecken, Genießen. Über kulturelle Formen der Transparenz." In Transparenz, 215–38. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_15.

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Landkammer, Joachim. "„Tückisch trübe“ – In/transparenz und Tod. Schubert, Schubart und andere." In Transparenz, 239–68. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_16.

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Koch, Gertraud, and Nina Ritzi-Messner. "(In-) Transparenz telematischer Kommunikationsinfrastrukturen. Realfigur, Virtualfigur und Infosozialität des Avatars." In Transparenz, 269–80. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_17.

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Wallner, Cornelia. "Einführung: Politik und Transparenz." In Transparenz, 281–83. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transparenza"

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Roberts, Richard, and Dave Levin. "When Certificate Transparency Is Too Transparent." In the 18th ACM Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3338498.3358655.

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Cavanagh, Patrick, and Stuart Anstis. "Dissociation between static and dynamic transparency." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fdd7.

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Stoner, Albright, and Ramachandran (Nature, 1990) conjecture that tacit knowledge of the physics of static transparency can influence dynamic transparency. They adjusted the luminance of intersections to make stationary crossed gratings look transparent and found that, when set in motion, the two gratings appeared to slide over each other (dynamic transparency). Conversely, gratings that did not appear transparent when stationary looked like a single plaid pattern when set in motion.
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Bodnar, Ivetta T. "Zone of non-transparency in transparent quartz." In 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for the Quality of Life, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini and Anna Consortini. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.531223.

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Beck, Jacob. "On the Role of Figural Organization in Perceptual Transparency." In Color Appearance. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ca.1987.tua1.

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Metelli (1974, 1985) proposed a model of the intensity relations in perceptual transparency based on a physical model of transparency involving additive color mixture. Beck et al. (1984) reported four findings which suggest that a change in point of view is required. First, they showed that the relevant variable for the perception of transparency is the psychological variable of lightness and not the physical variables of luminance or reflectance. Second, they showed that physical models of transparency based on either additive or subtractive color mixture entail four constraints. However, only violations of constraints (i) and (ii) adversely affect judgments of perceptual transparency; violations of constraints (iii) and (iv) do not. Nonveridical perceptions of transparency occur when constraints (iii) and (iv) are violated. Third, there are simple and strong violations of constraints (i) and (ii). Transparency judgments, though reduced in number, still occur for simple violations of constraints (i) and (ii). Transparency judgments occur infrequently for strong violations of constraints (i) and (ii). Physical models of transparency fail to differentiate between simple and strong violations. Fourth, it is necessary .to distinguish between perceptual transparency occurring with and without constancy. Constancy occurs when the color seen through the transparent surface is seen to be the same as the color of the surface not overlaid by the transparent surface.
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Staniuliene, Sonata. "Developing transparent organizational culture in a case of Lithuanian companies." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.031.

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The study was conducted to find out whether the organizational culture of Lithuanian companies is sufficiently transparent and how to develop transparent organizational culture. The literature was examined on levels and components of transparent organizational cultures. Quantitative research was conducted to determine whether the instruments used by organizations to disclose transparency, clarity and accuracy was sufficient to develop a transparent organizational culture. According to the results of the study, most Lithuanian companies disclose their conduct through values and beliefs, although disclosure through artifacts was rated lower. Not enough of clarity was acknowledged, and it was better achieved through values and less through artifacts, but there was no basis for this at the level of assumptions. Finally, the highest means were found in the accuracy component of organizational transparency, although it could be better expressed at the level of artifacts, where the score was lower.
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Zhi-Zheng, Ye, and Tang Jin-Fa. "Transparent Conducting Indium-Doped ZnO Films by D.C. Reactive S-Gun Magnetron Sputtering*." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1988.thd4.

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Transparent conducting coatings have found major applications in a number of electronic and opto-electronic devices. Among many transparent conducting coatings indium oxide films doped with tin (ITO) prepared by a number of deposition techniques have shown excellent performances in optical transparency and electrical conductivity. However, many efforts have been made to develop transparent conducting ZnO films since ZnO is a less expensive coating material than ITO. Zinc oxide thin films are transparent due to a wide band gap of about 3.2 ev, and exhibit conductivity due to a large free carrier concentration created by oxygen deficiency or intentional doping.
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Kalaycı, Emine, and Rabia Özpeynirci. "Reflections Of Public Disclosure And Transparency Principles To Accounting Information System In Corporate Governance Basic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01139.

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Financial crises occurred in international markets and costs of these crises to investors at microeconomic level and to whole country at macroeconomic level caused institutional administration to have more interest. There are some regulations in this area to follow events in the world closely and to increase the contributions of capital markets on economic development. Background of institutional administration is regulated by Capital Market Legislation, Turkish Trade Legislation, International Reporting Standards and Turkey Accounting Standards. These regulations stand out in accounting primarily. Accounting transactions have great importance with its decisive role about researching financial positions of entrepreneurs and implementing other financial responsibilities. Transparence which is the one principle of institutional transparence included corporate governance, explaining, responsibility has important role to achive this regulations. Transparence term has enhanced its importance in capital markets last years. Transparence is necessary to protect investor rights and get public trust. Corporate transparance is directly related with accountancy application and provided by the standart of accountancy which is admitted in international area. This study aims to uncover the relationship between the accounting system and the principle of transparency corporate governance. For this purpose, primarily corporate governance principles transparency and variable laws on emphasis at the same time will be included secondary data.
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Lee, Jeong-Ik, Jonghee Lee, Joowon Lee, Jae-Heon Shin, Chi-Sun Hwang, and Hye Yong Chu. "Transparent white organic light emitting diodes with improved cathode transparency." In SPIE Photonic Devices + Applications, edited by Franky So and Chihaya Adachi. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.826573.

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Kersten, Daniel, and Heinrich H. Bulthoff. "Splitting images into transparent and opaque components using Markov random fields." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.fd6.

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Both the perception of transparency and the estimation of reflectance, given sharp illumination edges, are problems that human observers routinely solve without apparent effort. Although the conditions leading to phenomenal transparency have been thoroughly studied, it has not been clear how to tease apart the transparent from the opaque components of an image. We have modeled the restricted case of the estimation of reflectance in Mondrian images in the presence of multiplicative illuminants with sharp (transparent overlays) or smooth edges. Our computational goal is to find the most probable opaque and transparent components conditional on the image luminance. The posterior probability is the product of three terms: the forward probability of the image conditional on the reflectance and illumination and the prior probabilities of the reflectance and illumination. The priors are modeled as intensity-based Markov random fields with coupled line processes. The landscape of the posterior probability is extremely rugged, leading to multiple stable maxima, a phenomenon human observers also experience. It is also shown that supplementing raw image data with intensity edges considerably improves the solution.
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Coleti, Thiago Adriano, Marcelo Morandini, Lucia Vilela Leite Filgueiras, and Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa. "Analysis of Transparency of Personal Data in Data Privacy Policies." In Workshop sobre Aspectos da Interação Humano-Computador na Web Social. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/waihcws.2018.3893.

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This paper presents an evaluation of Personal Data Transparency performed in applications known and used by a large number of users. Transparency seeks to provide information on how personal data are collected, used and shared between systems and thus enable the individual producer to be knowledgeable and able to act within this process. The research was carried out with traditional users who evaluated the applications policies and answered a questionnaire with 8 questions about aspects that should provide transparency. The results showed that some elements were considered transparent, but others, usually related to computational infrastructure, still require improvements.
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Reports on the topic "Transparenza"

1

Thornton, Daniel L. Monetary Policy Transparency: Transparent About What? Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2002.028.

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Carpenter, B. Internet Transparency. RFC Editor, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2775.

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Laurie, B., A. Langley, and E. Kasper. Certificate Transparency. RFC Editor, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6962.

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Moretz, Colleen. Transparent Pannier. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-228.

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Harris, Elizabeth. Transparent landscape. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5288.

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Author, Not Given. Transparent Conductive Nanostructures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940242.

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Umair, M., S. Kingston Smiler, D. Eastlake, and L. Yong. Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Transparent Transport over MPLS. RFC Editor, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8385.

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Davies, E. Reflections on Internet Transparency. Edited by B. Aboba. RFC Editor, July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4924.

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Whitney, Thomas J., and Daniel R. Bowman. Transparency Durability Test Criteria. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327831.

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10

Kouzes, Richard T. A Dictionary for Transparency. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947514.

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