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1
Grover, Richard. "Mass valuations." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 34, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the issues involved in the implementation of mass valuation systems and the conditions needed for doing so. Design/methodology/approach – The method makes use of case studies of and fieldwork in countries that have either recently introduced mass valuations, brought about major changes in their systems or have been working towards introducing mass valuations. Findings – Mass valuation depends upon a degree of development and transparency in property markets and an institutional structure capable of collecting and maintaining up-to-date price data and attributes of properties. Countries introducing mass valuation may need to undertake work on improving the institutional basis for this as a pre-condition for successful implementation of mass valuation. Practical implications – Although much of the literature is concerned with how to improve the statistical modelling of market prices, there are significant issues concerned with the type and quality of the data used in mass valuation models and the requirements for successful use of mass valuations. Originality/value – Much of the literature on mass valuation takes the form of the development of statistical models of value. There has been much less attention given to the issues involved in the implementation of mass valuation.
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Heller, J., and Daria Zlachevskaia. "Is it possible to improve methods of intellectual property valuation?" Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 45, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9568.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify ways to improve or simplify the quality and accuracy of IP valuations via accounting regulation improvements. Methodology/approach: This research relies on qualitative research methods such as case law analysis and comparative research of accounting standards and approaches. Findings: Evidence from this study points towards the conclusion that financial statements currently only reflect a historic financial record of the particular business, profoundly biased by a conservative tangible assets perspective. The central thesis of this study is that it makes sense to adopt a comprehensive intellectual property valuation strategy to ascertain the specific value of the intangible assets since the comprehensive application of valuation models is likely to yield superior results to using them separately. Research limitations/implications: Although the proposed approach seeks to bring more clarity to the valuation process while simplifying the appraisal of intellectual property assets, its efficacy is subject to increased transparency, a maturing intellectual property market, and credible data availability. Originality/value: This study makes a valuable contribution to research on methods that facilitate accurate intellectual property valuation while offering an alternative valuation model which combines the strengths of individual valuation models.
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Raslanas, Saulius, and Laura Tupenaite. "PECULIARITIES OF PRIVATE HOUSES VALUATION BY SALES COMPARISON APPROACH." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2005): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2005.9637703.
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Sales comparison approach is the most often used approach in private houses valuation practice. This article discusses cases of sales comparison approach method application; its methodology as well as key factors to be considered in objective private houses valuation. Furthermore problem of not sufficient comparative sales prices in neighborhood is discussed emphasizing on its influence to appraised object value reliability. In order to avoid incorrect valuation basing on experience of the USA and other foreign countries some proposals for Lithuanian valuation methodology were given: to establish an exact number of comparative objects, to distinguish the key factors to be considered in every special private houses valuation case and to establish variance limits between appraised object value and comparative sales prices. In order to guarantee real estate market transparency professional appraisals organizations must be established to be responsible for real estate market research as well as analysis data and sales prices official announcements and other information spread tasks.
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Robinson, Angela, Anne E. Spencer, José Luís Pinto-Prades, and Judith A. Covey. "Exploring Differences between TTO and DCE in the Valuation of Health States." Medical Decision Making 37, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x16668343.
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There is recent interest in using discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to derive health state utility values, and results can differ from time tradeoff (TTO). Clearly, DCE is “choice based,” whereas TTO is generally considered a “matching” task. We explore whether procedural adaptations to the TTO, which make the method more closely resemble a DCE, make TTO and choice converge. In particular, we test whether making the matching procedure in TTO less “transparent” to the respondent reduces disparities between TTO and DCE. We designed an interactive survey that was hosted on the Internet, and 2022 interviews were achieved in the United Kingdom in a representative sample of the population. We found a marked divergence between TTO and DCE, but this was not related to the “transparency” of the TTO procedure. We conclude that a difference in the error structure between TTO and choice and that factors other than differences in utility are affecting choices is driving the divergence. The latter has fundamental implications for the way choice data are analyzed and interpreted.
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Lim, Audrey Li Chin, and Wong Wai Wai. "Embracing Blockchain Applications in Fundamental Analysis for Investment Management." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i2.370.
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The attributes of blockchain; efficiency in asset transfer, data accuracy, time-stamped transaction and transparency applications are postulated to have positive effects on fundamental analysis. Psychological factor such as herding may affects fundamental analysis which in turn affects investment decision making. Herding is not necessarily always deemed to be an irrational or negative factor. Investors who are affected by herding may still be able to invest in a rational manner and make a profit. With greater transparency in information and better data quality offered by Blockchain applications, herding behaviour by instititional investor could improve the stock valuation as well as the stock market fundamentals. These could be utilised by individual investors to make better and informed decision for stock picking. However, this is may only applicable to reputational herding.
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Schröter, Matthias, Emilie Crouzat, Lisanne Hölting, Julian Massenberg, Julian Rode, Mario Hanisch, Nadja Kabisch, et al. "Assumptions in ecosystem service assessments: Increasing transparency for conservation." Ambio 50, no. 2 (September 11, 2020): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01379-9.
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AbstractConservation efforts are increasingly supported by ecosystem service assessments. These assessments depend on complex multi-disciplinary methods, and rely on a number of assumptions which reduce complexity. If assumptions are ambiguous or inadequate, misconceptions and misinterpretations may arise when interpreting results of assessments. An interdisciplinary understanding of assumptions in ecosystem service science is needed to provide consistent conservation recommendations. Here, we synthesise and elaborate on 12 prevalent types of assumptions in ecosystem service assessments. These comprise conceptual and ethical foundations of the ecosystem service concept, assumptions on data collection, indication, mapping, and modelling, on socio-economic valuation and value aggregation, as well as about using assessment results for decision-making. We recommend future assessments to increase transparency about assumptions, and to test and validate them and their potential consequences on assessment reliability. This will support the taking up of assessment results in conservation science, policy and practice.
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Coslor, Erica. "Transparency in an opaque market: Evaluative frictions between “thick” valuation and “thin” price data in the art market." Accounting, Organizations and Society 50 (April 2016): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2016.03.001.
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Dennis, Sean A., Jeremy B. Griffin, and Karla M. Zehms. "The Value Relevance of Managers' and Auditors' Disclosures About Material Measurement Uncertainty." Accounting Review 94, no. 4 (September 1, 2018): 215–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52272.
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ABSTRACT Regulators now require auditors to provide information about how they evaluate complex estimates. Because users encounter this auditor-provided information alongside management-provided information, we jointly examine the value relevance of these disclosures. We also examine whether visual cues in audit reports influence how nonprofessional investors use these disclosures. We find that disclosures from managers and auditors provide different value-relevant information about the same underlying issue. While users struggle to weight fully narrative auditor disclosures in their valuation judgments without corresponding management disclosures, visual cues facilitate their weighting of information about the audit. Specifically, users take increased price protection when auditor disclosures also include visual cues. However, consistent with market signaling theory, corresponding voluntary disclosures from management attenuate this price protection. This suggests management can mitigate negative valuation effects that may arise from auditor disclosures, and implies that visual cues in audit reports can prompt managers to increase disclosure transparency. Data Availability: Contact the authors.
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Ganesh, Maya Indira. "Entanglement." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v6i1.116013.
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This paper is based on driver-less car technology as currently being developed by Google and Tesla, two companies that amplify their work in the media. More specifically, I focus on the moment of real and imagined crashes involving driver-less cars, and argue that the narrative of ‘ethics of driver-less cars’ indicates a shift in the construction of ethics, as an outcome of machine learning rather than a framework of values. Through applications of the ‘Trolley Problem’, among other tests, ethics has been transformed into a valuation based on processing of big data. Thus ethics-as-software enables what I refer to as big data-driven accountability. In this formulation, ‘accountability’ is distinguished from ‘responsibility’; responsibility implies intentionality and can only be assigned to humans, whereas accountability includes a wide net of actors and interactions (in Simon). ‘Transparency’ is one of the more established, widely acknowledged mechanisms for accountability; based on the belief that seeing into a system delivers the truth of that system and thereby a means to govern it. There are however limitations to this mechanism in the context of algorithmic transparency (Ananny and Crawford).
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Stone, Patricia W., Richard H. Chapman, Eileen A. Sandberg, Bengt Liljas, and Peter J. Neumann. "MEASURING COSTS IN COST-UTILITY ANALYSES." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16, no. 1 (January 2000): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300161100.
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Objectives: Although cost-utility analysis (CUA) has been recommended by some experts as the preferred technique for economic evaluation, there is controversy regarding what costs should be included and how they should be measured. The purpose of this study was to: a) identify the cost components that have been included in published CUAs; b) catalogue the sources of valuation used; c) examine the methods employed for estimating costs; and d) explore whether methods have changed over time.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of the published literature and systematically collected data on the cost estimation of CUAs. We audited the cost estimates in 228 CUAs.Results: In most studies (99%), analysts included some direct healthcare costs. However, the inclusion of direct non-healthcare and time costs (17%) was generally lacking, as was productivity costs (8%). Only 6% of studies considered future costs in added life-years. In general, we found little evidence of change in methods over time. The most frequently used source for valuation of healthcare services was published estimates (73%). Few studies obtained utilization data from RCTs (10%) or relied on other primary data (23%). About two-thirds of studies conducted sensitivity analyses on cost estimates.Conclusions: We found wide variations in the estimation of costs in published CUAs. The study underscores the need for more uniformity and transparency in the field, and continued vigilance over cost estimates in CUAs on the part of analysts, reviewers, and journal editors.
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Wheeler, Stephen W., Sandra J. Cereola, and Timothy J. Louwers. "MD&A Disclosure Tendencies: The Case of LIFO Liquidations." Accounting Horizons 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50891.
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SYNOPSIS We examine MD&A disclosure practices concerning the positive transitory impact that LIFO liquidations have on reported earnings. This issue is particularly relevant in light of the recent calls to eliminate LIFO for tax revenue reasons and the controversy surrounding the proposed shift to IFRS, which does not permit LIFO inventory valuation. Our analysis of companies with income-increasing LIFO liquidations between 1993 and 2010 shows that, after controlling for materiality, MD&A disclosure tendencies were not as reliable as disclosures of this issue in financial statement footnotes. Also, MD&A disclosure rates did not significantly increase in the periods after the introduction of SEC regulations calling for more transparency in the MD&A. Contrary to expectations, companies whose incomes were negative disclosed at a higher rate than companies with positive incomes. Results may indicate a need for greater auditor involvement with MD&A disclosures. Data Availability: Data are available from the sources listed in the paper.
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Hozman, Jiří, and Tomás Tichý. "On the impact of various formulations of the boundary condition within numerical option valuation by DG method." Filomat 30, no. 15 (2016): 4253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1615253h.
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Options, a crucial type of financial instrument, are very challenging as concerns both, the application and valuation. A key property of (exotic) options is to provide a tool to manage the market risk coming from everyday innovations at the market. Due to the complexity of underlying processes and/or payoff functions valuation via numerical methods is often inevitable. The flexibility in terms of model assumptions often brings high time costs so that it can be useful to reduce the space on which the computation is executed in order to keep both the computation time and calculation error at acceptable levels. Efficient formulation of the boundary conditions of option valuation formula is one of such approaches. In this paper we focus on the impact of Dirichlet, Neumann and transparent boundary conditions when the valuation formula is discretized by the discontinuous Galerkin method combined with the implicit Euler scheme for the temporal discretization. The numerical results are presented using real data of DAX index options.
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Oliver, Peter. "FINANCIAL BINARY BETTING, STYLES, VALUATIONS AND DEDUCTIONS FROM DATA." Journal of Prediction Markets 1, no. 2 (December 14, 2012): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v1i2.424.
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A relatively new form of financial spread betting, the binary bet, has become popular. Part of the popularity of this style of bet, from the gambler’s point of view, is undoubtedly due to the simplicity and transparency of the contracts. The fact that these bets are free at the time they are taken is an added inducement. For the bet provider, as long as the correct buy and sell levels are maintained during the betting period and the betting frequency on any contract is high, it is again relatively simple to ensure a known income from the operation.Binary spread bets are examples of financial derivatives and the standard methods used in that field can be used to deduce the parameters that should apply. This gives useful information to the gamblers in telling them how much they are paying for the bet. Watching how the quotes are moving in time can also inform how the gambling community is behaving and what the average view of the outcome is.A variety of types of binary bets are valued and in many cases it is possible to derive analytic formulas. These can be applied to time series data that are acquired from quotes and used to deduce information about the bets held by a provider and the market expectations of the community.
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Juliyanti, Wiwin, and Yohanes K. Wibowo. "Accounting for heritage assets: why and how? (Literature study on cultural heritage in Indonesia)." Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v2i1.103.
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Purpose: This study aims to provide an overview related to research on heritage assets in Indonesia. This study classifies and reviews articles based on research methods and focused results regarding accounting treatment, is it in accordance with Government Accounting Standards (SAP)? Research Methodology: This research is a literature study which contains theories that are relevant to the research problem. The data collection is taken from secondary data sources, SAP and various scientific articles. Results: The results demonstrate that the treatment in several heritage assets in Indonesia has referred to the prevailing SAP, historical assets are recorded as fixed assets, without valuation using cost or revaluation, the majority has been presented in the financial report based on accounting principles, this means the government accountability requirements for disclosure of heritage assets have been quite achieved. Limitations: Secondary data sources using several articles that are not all published in accredited journals. Contribution: This research has implications for the government to evaluate the function of financial reporting as an accounting tool that facilitates the realization of transparency and accountability. Keywords: Heritage assets, Recognition, Assessment, Measurement, Presentation and disclosure, PSAP No. 07 of 2010 concerning Accounting for Fixed Assets
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Lundqvist, Alex, Eva Liljeblom, Anders Löflund, and Benjamin Maury. "M&As in Africa – effects of law and governance." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 5 (December 2, 2019): 873–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-05-2018-0223.
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Purpose The cultural and legal differences between foreign acquirers and African target firms can be substantial. There is also a large variation in cultures and legal systems within Africa. However, there is limited research on merger and acquisition (M&A) performance by foreign firms in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by exploring the “spillover by law” hypothesis (Martynova and Renneboog, 2008) that focuses on the influence of the external environment on the governance and performance of foreign M&As in Africa. Design/methodology/approach The data set covers 415 M&A transactions by foreign firms in Africa during the period of 1999–2016. Dynamic data covering the country’s legal, cultural and political environment are collected from the World Bank, the Heritage Foundation and Transparency International. Findings The authors find that the legal environment significantly affects the returns of bidders on African firms. For complete acquisitions, bidder returns are significantly higher when the bidder’s country has higher shareholder protection and higher creditor protection compared with the target firm’s country. The results show that the effects are significant when there is a full control change (including a change in the target firm’s nationality) but not in the case of partial control transfers. The results are consistent with the “spillover by law” hypothesis. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature on cross-border M&As by separately studying the valuation effects of full, majority and minority changes in control; by being the first study of the legal spillover effects in Africa; and by being the most extensive study of the legal determinants of the valuations of non-African acquirers of African firms.
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Park, Jung Min, Hyoung Yong Lee, Sang Hyun Park, and Ingoo Han. "Value Relevance of Accounts Receivable Factoring and Its Impact on Financing Strategy under the K-IFRS after COVID-19 from the Perspective of Accounting Big Data." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410287.
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This study investigates whether recognized accounts receivable (AR) factoring is more value relevant than disclosed AR factoring. After the adoption of the Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (K-IFRS), AR factoring is recognized as short-term debt, thus increasing firms’ leverage ratio. Using cross-sectional equity valuation regressions, we find that recognized AR factoring is value relevant, unlike disclosed AR factoring. Moreover, the market value of equity and AR factoring are more significantly correlated in highly leveraged firms than in less-leveraged ones. Accounting data are important from the perspective of big data. In the accounting industry as well, professionals started realizing the implications of big data. The COVID-19 pandemic has created a health crisis and wreaked havoc in an already-fragile global economy. Although there is no way to predict exactly what the economic damage from the COVID-19 pandemic will be, there must be widespread agreement that it will have severe financial impact on every company. Global financial markets have suffered dramatic falls due to the pandemic, and highly leveraged companies are in serious need of financing. While diving deeper, sound debt management and debt transparency are critical to ensure debt sustainability. Thus, companies would be willing to use AR factoring in order to overcome this financial status. This study also shows that highly leveraged firms decrease AR factoring after K-IFRS adoption.
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Grafton, R., Dustin Garrick, Ana Manero, and Thang Do. "The Water Governance Reform Framework: Overview and Applications to Australia, Mexico, Tanzania, U.S.A and Vietnam." Water 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010137.
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The world faces critical water risks in relation to water availability, yet water demand is increasing in most countries. To respond to these risks, some governments and water authorities are reforming their governance frameworks to achieve convergence between water supply and demand and ensure freshwater ecosystem services are sustained. To assist in this reform process, the Water Governance Reform Framework (WGRF) is proposed, which includes seven key strategic considerations: (1) well-defined and publicly available reform objectives; (2) transparency in decision-making and public access to available data; (3) water valuation of uses and non-uses to assess trade-offs and winners and losers; (4) compensation for the marginalized or mitigation for persons who are disadvantaged by reform; (5) reform oversight and “champions”; (6) capacity to deliver; and (7) resilient decision-making. Using these reform criteria, we assess current and possible water reforms in five countries: Murray–Darling Basin (Australia); Rufiji Basin (Tanzania); Colorado Basin (USA and Mexico); and Vietnam. We contend that the WGRF provides a valuable approach to both evaluate and to improve water governance reform and, if employed within a broader water policy cycle, will help deliver both improved water outcomes and more effective water reforms.
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Siltan, Demeke. "Land Expropriation and Compensation Process Among Development Induced Displaced Households: The Case of Dejen Woreda Rural Kebeles." International Journal of Social Work 6, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v6i1.14461.
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Development-induced projects are factor for involuntary migration to urban areas for the search of better employment raised the rate of vulnerability for socio-economic inequalities. The aim of this study was to explore land expropriation process and Compensation issues among development induced displaced households. The study employed mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaire and qualitative data were collected via interview and focus group discussion. By using Census survey a total of 162 displaced households participated in the study. The finding revealed that majority of the households (87.8%) did not participate Invitation on public meetings 84.0% did not Participation in the land valuation process and almost all 95.5% did not Participation in inventory of Assets. In addition 85.9% of the respondents did not assume that the valuation process was transparent. The fining also revealed that the amount of money paid as compensation for the displaced households is not fair/ enough as compared with what they lose. Therefore the government should provide fair amount of compensation for households who lost their land because of deemed development projects.
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Bakre, Owolabi, Sarah George Lauwo, and Sean McCartney. "Western accounting reforms and accountability in wealth redistribution in patronage-based Nigerian society." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 6 (August 21, 2017): 1288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2016-2477.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the claim that Western accounting reforms, in particular the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) would enhance transparency and accountability and reduce corruption in patronage-based developing countries such as Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilises the patron/clientelism framework to examine the dynamics of Western accounting reforms in the Nigerian patronage-based society, in which the institutions of governance and regulatory structures are arguably weak. The paper utilises archival data and interviews conducted with representatives of state bodies (elected politicians and officials) and professional accounting associations. Findings Results from two major reforms (the sale of government-owned residential properties in Lagos and the monetisation of fringe benefits for public officials) are presented. Despite the claim of the adoption of Western accounting standards, and in particular IPSAS 17, which requires full accrual accounting and the utilisation of fair value in property valuation, historical cost accounting appeared to have been mobilised to massively corrupt the process for the benefit of politicians, other serving and retired public officials and family members. Originality/value This study contributes to the current literature by providing evidence of the relationship between patronage, corruption and accounting in wealth redistribution in the patronage-based Nigerian socio-political and economic context.
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Olaleye, Abel, and Beatrice Oyinloluwa Adebara. "Another look at property market maturity framework and its application to Lagos property market, Nigeria." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 37, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 486–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-04-2019-0048.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to re-examine the framework for determining property market maturity by including the economic characteristics of a country in the measure.Design/methodology/approachThe examination was done in Lagos property market, which was stratified into Mainland and Island markets. A total of 181 estate surveying and valuation firms and 87 property development companies, as represented by top-level managers, participated in the survey. Data were collected on their perception of property market maturity attributes that included market openness, presence of professionals, level of transparency and state of the economy, among others. The data were analyzed using mean rating and mean deviation.FindingsThe result showed that “diversity of real estate products and forms” was ranked highly and had reached a mature stage in Lagos Mainland, Island and the aggregated Lagos market. Contrarily, the state of the economy was still at immature stage in Lagos and its sub-markets. Overall, the results showed that the Lagos property market was emerging and that the inclusion of economic features in the maturity framework reduced the level of maturity of the market when compared with previous studies.Practical implicationsThe study implied that the assessment of the state of economy of a country, as part of the attributes for measuring property market maturity, will impact on the result and should be taken into consideration.Originality/valueThe study adds to the previous studies on property market maturity by assessing the impact of the economic characteristics of a country on the measure.
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Edeigba, Jude, Christopher Gan, and Felix Amenkhienan. "The Effects of Organisational Culture on IFRS Adoption: Evidence from Nigerian’ Companies." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i1.12713.
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This study investigates the underlying factors contributing to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption in Nigeria. The diversity of responses to IFRS adoption is a phenomenon that requires empirical investigation to understand the reasons why some companies adopt IFRS other do not. Previous studies have investigated preparers of financial statements’ compliance with IFRS. However, there is a dearth of research on the influence of cultural factors on IFRS adoption. Little has heretofore has been done to examine cultural variables as determinants of IFRS adoption. This study applies a self-administered survey instrument to elicit data from four major cities in Nigeria. The analysis involves applied logistic regression to estimate the relationship between the covariates and the companies’ decisions to adopt IFRS. The results indicate companies’ professionalism, transparency, flexibility, secrecy, uniformity and statutory control are significant factors impacting IFRS adoption at different magnitudes. For example, a company that considers IFRS will increase the level of financial statements transparency is more likely to maintain some levels of secrecy. The study identifies that IFRS adoption can only be successful when accountants develop the relevant technical expertise in IFRS requirements prior to the implementation. Consequently, there is a need for more practical training in IFRS accounting valuation, recognition, measurement and disclosure of financial information to users of financial statements. The diversity in responses to IFRS adoption, where some companies adopt and others show resistance to IFRS requirements has been a phenomenon that requires empirical investigation to understand the rationale. Though some studies have investigated companies’ compliance with accounting regulations in Nigeria, there is limited research on factors influencing IFRS adoption. A consequence is that efforts to come up with effective policies to enhance IFRS adoption and obtain compliance status for Nigerian companies are constrained. The objective is to contribute to initiatives aimed at assuring foreign investors of reliability of IFRS financial statements prepared by Nigerian companies.
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J. McCluskey, William, Dzurllkanian Zulkarnain Daud, and Norhaya Kamarudin. "Boosted regression trees." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 19, no. 2 (July 29, 2014): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-06-2013-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply boosted regression trees (BRT) to a heterogeneous data set of residential property drawn from a jurisdiction in Malaysia, with the objective to evaluate its application within the mass appraisal environment in Malaysia. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been applied to real estate mass appraisal with varying degrees of success. Design/methodology/approach – To evaluate the performance of the BRT model two multiple regression analysis (MRA) models have been specified (linear and non-linear). One of the weaknesses of traditional regression is the need to a priori specify the functional form of the model and to ensure that all non-linearities have been accounted for. For a BRT model the algorithm does not require any predetermined model or variable transformations, making the process much simpler. Findings – The results show that the BRT model outperformed the MRA-specified models in terms of the coefficient of dispersion and mean absolute percentage error. While the results are encouraging, BRT models still lack transparency and suffer from the inability to translate variable importance into quantifiable variable effects. Practical implications – This paper presents a useful alternative modelling technique, BRT, for use within the mass appraisal environment in Malaysia. Its advantages include less intensive data cleansing, no requirement to specify the predictive underlying model, ability to utilise categorical variables without the need to transform them and not as data hungry, as for example, MRA. Originality/value – This paper adds to the knowledge in this area by applying a relatively new ML model, BRT to residential property data from a jurisdiction in Malaysia. BRT has shown promise as a strong predictive model when applied in other disciplines; therefore this research empirically tests this finding within real estate valuation.
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Fazzini, Marco, and Lorenzo Dal Maso. "The value relevance of “assured” environmental disclosure." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 7, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-10-2014-0060.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide insight into how environmental information is reflected in the market value of listed Italian companies. In particular, it investigates the value relevance of voluntary environmental information disclosed by companies and the influence of environmental policies assurance. Design/methodology/approach The method used is the accounting-based valuation model used by Cormier and Magnan (2007), analogue to the one developed by Ohlson (1995), which considers market value of equity as a function of book value, accounting earnings and environmental indicators as provided by Bloomberg. The analysis in this paper is based on the environmental disclosure score (i.e. proxy of a company’s transparency in reporting environmental information) and the assurance practice (i.e. whether or not the company’s environmental policies were subject to an independent assessment for the reporting period). Findings Results partially support initial conjectures, i.e. the environmental voluntary disclosure represents value-relevant information positively correlated with firms’ market value. Furthermore, when such information is subject to an independent assessment for the reporting period, an incremental benefit deriving from the assurance of such information cannot be found. This is similar to the findings of Cho et al. (2014), i.e. the market perceptions on assurance may need to be developed before the environmental report assurance market in Italy can develop. Research limitations/implications Limitations are related to the small sample located in a single country, meaning that results may not be generalisable. The implications are that other methods may provide further value, but these may need to be based either on different data or larger samples (i.e. cross-country analysis). Originality/value The increasing importance of environmental issues for economic decision-making and the presence of ethical investors create incentives for environmental information disclosure, which is becoming increasingly significant for comprehensive firm valuation. However, for this information to serve its role, disclosure must be credible. Hence, there are many companies that resort to voluntary assurance of environmental policies, motivated by a need to demonstrate credibility with external stakeholders. Notwithstanding, the influence of verification practice over environmental disclosure on a low regulation country has not yet been completely explored. This paper aims to fill this gap.
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USIKOVA, Elena Mykolaivna. "ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL FLOWS BY AGRICULTURAL SUBJECTS." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-4-2.
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The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of estimating accounting cash flows that directly generate cash flow, influence and are managed by various actors in the agribusiness and the entire agro-industrial environment. After all, in the country where the agribusiness is concentrated, there are a number of unresolved issues in the field of research of agro-industrial enterprises, which led to the need for generalization and development of accounting and analytical support for the assessment of data of agricultural enterprises within accounting approaches to analytical evaluation. An analytical evaluation of the effectiveness of financial flow management is provided, which assures the enterprises in the process of its strategic and current development. The processes of agribusiness financial flows management and decision-making processes that should ensure a smooth process are considered. The liquid cash flow characterizing the absolute value of cash is investigated. The conceptual model of accounting and analytical support of financial recovery was used, as well as the analysis of the results of the activity of agribusiness entities. The results of the study showed that financial flow as an accounting category is divided over time into a series of payments with positive and negative value – that is, cash flows and their equivalents. Therefore, it is necessary to have an adequate system of accounting information, which will allow to use all available resources with maximum efficiency for effective development of agribusiness in Ukraine. Therefore, analytical valuation is an integral part of today, because there is such a situation that many domestic enterprises are not able to provide effective cash flow management without properly organized accounting and analytical assessment of financial flows of agribusiness entities. Optimization of valuation will allow to determine the most effective forms and conditions of implementation of current operations, as well as rational directions of assets and profit placement. Only a comprehensive approach will allow to ensure transparency of the estimation process of financial flows of enterprises and will facilitate timely decision-making in the process of its activity. Key words: accounting and analytical support, agricultural enterprise, accounting approaches, cash flows, liquid cash flow, accounting system.
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Gholy, Putri Alma, and Prameswara Samofa Nadya. "PENGARUH PENERAPAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH PERIODE 2014-2018." NISBAH: JURNAL PERBANKAN SYARIAH 6, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jn.v6i2.3265.
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The application of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is the way to control a corporate professionally and transparently to reach goals agreed by both shareholders and stakeholders. So, it is expected Islamic banks can perform with a good quality and consistently implementing GCG mechanism along with increasing profits. Therefore, this research focused on appraising profitability increasing with Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as indicator, together with appraising GCG with self assessment reports based on 11 criteria of composite rate valuation. This research used quantitative method from GCG reports and annual report of Islamic Banks from 2014-2018 period, as secondary data. The result was GCG as independent variable positively and significantly effecting ROA and ROE.
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Mortimer, John W., and Linda R. Henderson. "Measuring Pension Liabilities under GASB Statement No. 68." Accounting Horizons 28, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50710.
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SYNOPSIS While retired government employees clearly depend on public sector defined benefit pension funds, these plans also contribute significantly to U.S. state and national economies. Growing public concern about the funding adequacy of these plans, hard hit by the great recession, raises questions about their future viability. After several years of study, the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) approved two new standards, GASB 67 and 68, with the goal of substantially improving the accounting for and transparency of financial reporting of state/municipal public employee defined benefit pension plans. GASB 68, the focus of this paper, requires state/municipal governments to calculate and report a net pension liability based on a single discount rate that combines the rate of return on funded plan assets with a low-risk index rate on the unfunded portion of the liability. This paper illustrates the calculation of estimates for GASB 68 reportable net pension liabilities, funded ratios, and single discount rates for 48 fiscal year state employee defined benefit plans by using an innovative valuation model and readily available data. The results show statistically significant increases in reportable net pension liabilities and decreases in the estimated hypothetical GASB 68 funded ratios and single discount rates. Our sensitivity analyses examine the effect of changes in the low-risk rate and time period on these results. We find that reported discount rates of weaker plans approach the low-risk rate, resulting in higher pension liabilities and creating policy incentives to increase risky assets in pension portfolios.
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Niessen, Alexandra, and Stefan Ruenzi. "Political Connectedness and Firm Performance: Evidence from Germany." German Economic Review 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 441–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2009.00482.x.
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Abstract This paper investigates politically connected firms in Germany. With the introduction of a new transparency law in 2007, information on additional income sources for all members of the German parliament became publicly available. We find that members of the conservative party (CDU/CSU) and the liberal party (FDP) are more likely to work for firms than members of left-wing parties (SPD and The Left) or the green party (Alliance 90/The Greens). Politically connected firms are larger, less risky and have lower market valuations than unconnected firms. They also have fewer growth opportunities, but slightly better accounting performance. On the stock market, connected firms significantly outperformed unconnected firms in 2006, i.e. before the publication of the data on political connections. Differences in stock market performance were much smaller in 2007.
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Bennett, R. M., K. Christiansen, and R. S. Clifton-Hadley. "Modelling the impact of livestock disease on production: case studies of non-notifiable diseases of farm animals in Great Britain." Animal Science 68, no. 4 (June 1999): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800050700.
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AbstractSpreadsheet models were constructed to assess the economic impact of some 30 non-notifiable diseases of farm animals in Great Britain. A standardized methodology and common valuation base were used to derive estimates of the direct costs to livestock production of each disease, separately identifying the costs associated with disease output losses and those relating to disease treatment and prevention. Disease data limitations and uncertainties are incorporated into the estimation procedure. The spreadsheet models are highly transparent with calculations and the origin of parameter values clearly documented. The assessments of six bovine diseases, are presented: BVD, fasciolosis, lameness, leptospirosis, mastitis, and summer mastitis, and full details of the analyses of all the diseases can he accessed on the internet. The models do not consider the wider economic impacts of disease, such as effects on markets, human health and animal welfare. However, the approach is a simple and transparent one which enables exploration of the direct costs associated with a range of livestock diseases and which is easily communicated to policy makers and others.
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Akpanuko, Essien Ekerette, and Ntiedo John Umoren. "The influence of creative accounting on the credibility of accounting reports." Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 16, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-08-2016-0064.
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Purpose The extent to which accounting reports and disclosures provide shareholders and other interested parties with reliable information to permit informed investment decisions and true valuation of firms, has remained in doubts. The presumed bane for the failure of these reports to live up to expectation has been creative accounting. Most studies view this practice as unethical and should be stopped; others admit that although it contributes to enterprise failures, loss of investments and economic crisis, it as a necessary and legitimate practice. This paper aims to evaluate the extent to which this creativity has contributed to the failures of enterprises, identifies motivations for this practices and the challenges to true and fair reporting and transparent disclosures. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts the survey method. Questionnaire were administered to 80 accountants in banks and other enterprises with parents companies outside Nigeria and secondary data collected on failed enterprises in the world. The data collected were descriptively analysed. Findings The findings were different from findings of previous studies. It was discovered that accounting creativity is euphemism and contributes 90% to the unfair reporting of firms operations. The creativity in those practices is motivated by greed and intended to deceive the public, potential investors and shareholders and increases the rate of enterprise failures at a decreasing rate. However, the study revealed that the many regulations without adequate checks, punishments and rewards complement creative accounting in providing the foundation for make-believe, cosmetic and unfair reporting. Research limitations/implications The use of questionnaire and the subjective nature of the responses are the limitations of this study. Practical implications Improved reporting and valuation of firms are the practical implications. Social implications Reduction in failures may result in loss of employment and other social implications. Originality/value The research is original and born out of the desire to improve accounting reports and shareholders value.
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Saini, Neha, and Monica Singhania. "Performance relevance of environmental and social disclosures." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 6 (August 5, 2019): 1845–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-04-2018-0114.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the relationship between environmental‒social disclosure scores and corporate financial performance. The authors tried to investigate the relevance of assurance practice (whether or not companies’ assessment policies are subject to individual assessment for the given period) and value relevance in foreign-owned firms.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on accounting-based valuation model proposed by Berthelotet al.(2003), considering the market value of equity as the function of book value and other financial indicators including Return of Assets and Return on Capital Employed. Environmental and social disclosure scores are extracted from Bloomberg database as the measure of company’s transparency in reporting value relevance information and sustainable development. The study considers the sample period of 8 years (2008‒15) and uses static (fixed effects and random effects) and dynamic (generalised methods of moments (GMM)) panel data estimations for analysing and concluding results.FindingsThe results support the evidence of environmental disclosure score as performance relevance indicator. Environmental disclosure score highlights the positive and significant relationship with different performance indicators. The interaction between foreign ownership and environmental disclosure represents a negative association, implying that foreign ownership is incubating more on profit making rather than environmental protection initiatives. However, in the context of the social disclosure score, a positive association with economic performance is found. But interaction term between foreign ownership and social disclosure represented a negative coefficient.Originality/valueValue relevance disclosures are investigated with performance indicators that create an incentive for stakeholders. Also, the effect of foreign ownership and value relevance interaction term on firm’s financial performance is determined. To the best of authors’ understanding, previous literature is silent about this dimension. The authors also tried to incorporate the solution to the endogeneity issue by using GMM.
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Hirsch, Jens, and Jonas Hahn. "How flood risk impacts residential rents and property prices." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 36, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-11-2016-0088.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify the impact of 100-year flood risk on both property rents and values in Germany, exemplified by the market of the historic city of Regensburg, and therefore supports investors in understanding market behavior patterns in both rental and investment context. Design/methodology/approach The authors construct two generalized additive models for rents and purchasing prices with spatial components and under inclusion of both typical property characteristics (as control variables) and a 100-year flood risk parameter in order to estimate its effect on the rents and property price structure. The authors apply the methodology to a four-year data set of more than 16,500 observations. Findings The analysis shows that flood risk is a highly significant parameter when estimating both the rent as well as the sales price model. The authors also find that purchase prices for one square meter of living area are, on average, EUR299 lower if the property is located in the flood risk zone. In addition, also rental markets come with a respective, but rather low, discount. Practical implications The authors provide transparency to investors in terms of the impact that a flood risk location has on property rents as well as purchasing prices. The study supports investors by providing evidence on reaction patterns in German real estate markets and helps quantifying the financial impact that comes with flood risk in Germany. Originality/value This is the first study that aims to empirically test and to quantify the impact of flood risk on property rents and purchasing prices in Germany. Related research has been performed for the USA, Ireland and New Zealand and largely refers to event-driven work or rather conceptual in the context of property valuation.
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Santos, Ruan Carlos dos, Lidinei Éder Orso, Mônica Cristina Rovaris Machado, and Antonia Márcia Rodrigues Sousa. "Foreign investors? The effects of the property structure and legal system as mechanisms of corporate governance in Brazilian regulated companies." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 19, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 1082–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-02-2019-0072.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to research on corporate governance in regulated sectors, with emphasis in the field of activity of foreign investors through the ownership structure and legal system that regulates companies in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach In the first moment, the investigation had a quantitative approach of relational nature. Based on the data about the valuation of actions, statistical methods were applied to a secondary database containing measurable information provided by the organizations that operate the Brazilian stock-market and documentary evidence provided by the companies. In the second moment, a qualitative approach was adopted, resorting on the use of semi-structured interviews with investors and agents of the sector. Findings The results lead to two paths: presenting the perspective that foreign investors play a key role in improving governance practices because foreign ownership mitigates agency problems, provides adequate follow-up and optimizes the use of corporate resources; and evidencing the existence of a mitigation of operational risks in the face of the various obligations imposed by the concession contract with the regulatory agency, without direct interference under the ownership structure of regulated companies. Research limitations/implications The literature portrays a distinct economic scenario in Brazil, where stock control is pulverized and mechanisms of corporate governance and scope of action of investors and regulated sectors are well-defined and implemented. Practical implications A great part of the studies from this field discusses the same object: the impact of the adoption of corporate governance mechanisms on selected efficiency indicators or on the value of the companies' actions. This investigation, on the other hand, targeted a differentiated approach so that its contribution would lie in the investigation under the influence of the regulation on the legal attributions and the performance of the investors how many conflicts between the other shareholder/regulatory body, as the control measures import by the regulatory agent the concessionaires of the Brazilian highways and transportation sector. Social implications The identification of the presence of foreign investors as a determinant for: better performance of companies in Brazilian regulated sector in terms of market valuation; better mitigation of requirements with the regulatory framework for the agencies that regulate the concession sector, targeting a reduction in the asymmetry of information and transparency among all stakeholders. Originality/value The fact that Brazil is an emerging country that lacks a rigid legal system and corruption-control measures in corporate environments and public sectors, stresses the importance of the application of the “Best Codes of Corporate Governance Practices” in the main developed countries. This also stresses the need for effective supervisory bodies that contribute to a better financial performance of companies, guaranteeing investors the legal system.
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Gupta, Paras. "Transparency, Liquidity, and Valuation: International Evidence on When Transparency Matters Most." CFA Digest 42, no. 4 (November 2012): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v42.n4.19.
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LANG, MARK, KARL V. LINS, and MARK MAFFETT. "Transparency, Liquidity, and Valuation: International Evidence on When Transparency Matters Most." Journal of Accounting Research 50, no. 3 (April 25, 2012): 729–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2012.00442.x.
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Favato, Giampiero, Gianluca Baio, Alessandro Capone, Andrea Marcellusi, Silvano Costa, Giorgia Garganese, Mauro Picardo, et al. "Transparency or Proper Study Valuation Procedures Missed?" Medical Care 51, no. 4 (April 2013): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e31828a6a1e.
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Warner, Mary, and Chris Baumle. "Data Transparency." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 107, no. 6 (June 2018): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.008.
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Volchek, R. "DISCUSSION ASPECTS OF PROPERTY VALUATION FOR TAX PURPOSES." Аграрний вісник Причорномор'я, no. 94 (December 25, 2019): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2019.94.11.
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The author's vision on the process of estimating the value of real estate objects for the purposes of taxation is given. It is established, that the current norms of valuation of property for taxation purposes, established by the main regulator of valuation activity in Ukraine − the State Property Fund of Ukraine, deprive transparency the process of valuation of property in our state, and offset personal accounting judgments when assessing real estate. Opacity and distortion of the current norms of normative legal acts regulating the process of valuation of property and property rights in Ukraine, as well as the norms of the International Financial Reporting Standards (further − IFRS) 13 «Fair Value Measurement» during the valuation of real estate objects, consists, according our opinion, representatives of the State Property Fund of Ukraine during the approval of property valuation reports for tax purposes are based on the estimated value of the objects, which should be determined solely on the basis of the prices of real estate offers and solely by means of a comparative approach. But, IFRS 13 «Fair Value Measurement» and National Standard 1 «General Principles of Valuation of Property and Property Rights» demand to determine the value of objects of evaluation in three methods: costly, cost-effective and comparative. Recommendations are introduced, implementation of which will allow to observe the transparency and correctness of determining the value of property for tax purposes.
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EL-SHAZLY, ALAA. "AUCTIONS, REAL OPTIONS VALUATION, AND PRIVATIZATION." International Game Theory Review 13, no. 04 (December 2011): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198911003064.
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This article studies competitive bidding by strategic investors to buy enterprises that are being privatized through sealed-bid auctions. The bidders use a real options approach to enterprise valuation that accounts for asset quality given their private information. It is shown that the optimal bidding strategy under first-price sealed-bid auctions defines a Bayesian Nash equilibrium in which each strategic investor bids only a fraction of its prior valuation and competition decreases the bidder's profit margin. The greater the transparency and information disclosure on asset quality, the higher the seller's expected receipts will be.
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Ong, Chui Zi, Rasidah Mohd-Rashid, and Kamarun Nisham Taufil-Mohd. "Underwriter reputation and IPO valuation in an emerging market: evidence from Malaysia." Managerial Finance 46, no. 10 (May 27, 2020): 1283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-11-2019-0579.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the influence of underwriter reputation on the valuation of Malaysian initial public offerings (IPOs).Design/methodology/approachThis study employed cross-sectional multiple regression models to analyse the relationship between underwriter reputation and IPO valuation that included 466 IPOs listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2000 to 2017.FindingsThe results revealed that underwriter reputation had a significant negative association with IPO valuation. Firms that engaged the services of reputable underwriters had their IPO offer prices set lower than the intrinsic values during the listing. After incorporating firms' size, this study found a positive relationship between underwriter reputation and IPO valuation. Big firms (high quality) hired reputable underwriters for certification purposes as issuers were aware that the cost of hiring a reputable underwriter would be justified by increased transparency after listing. Therefore, firms that engaged reputable underwriters had approximately fair values since issuers assumed that the price would be close to the intrinsic value following enhanced transparency post-listing.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should focus on other non-financial factors, such as auditor reputation.Originality/valueThe present study provides new insights into the certification role of underwriters in valuing IPOs in the Malaysian market.
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Damodaran, Aswath. "Information transparency and valuation: can you value what you cannot see?" Managerial Finance 33, no. 11 (October 2, 2007): 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350710823836.
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Nguyen, Lisa-Uyen. "The (un)suitability of fair-value accounting in emerging economies: the case of Vietnam." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 15, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 170–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-03-2018-0032.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the suitability and challenges of implementing fair value accounting (FVA) in Vietnam, an emerging/transitioning economy. While such implementation would enable convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards, standard setters and auditors have raised practical concerns about its adoption. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews with regulators and auditors, together with an analysis of two fraud cases that illustrate the business environment in Vietnam. Public, private and capture theories guide the analysis. Findings The business and institutional environment in Vietnam creates several impediments to FVA being effectively implemented and transparently applied. Given the major challenges identified regarding the infrastructure necessary for this valuation system, the premature adoption of FVA may become a catalyst for corporate misconduct. Research limitations/implications The findings are derived from data aggregated from two fraud cases and interviews, and as such, the results may not be generalisable to other settings. However, these findings may inform future research, particularly after the Ministry of Finance provides further guidance on the use of FVA in Vietnam. Practical implications A timely and critical examination of the challenges of implementing FVA in a transitioning economy is provided, and the two fraud cases reveal the complexities of the business environment in Vietnam. Originality/value This research gives voice to the tensions that developing countries are confronting as they seek to balance external pressures with internal constraints. The introduction of an assemblage of three theoretical lenses enables insights into contemporary issues associated with applying FVA in such settings.
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Biondi, Lucia, and Irvine Lapsley. "Accounting, transparency and governance: the heritage assets problem." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-04-2014-0035.
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Purpose – This paper aims at offering a contribution which addresses one particular issue – heritage assets – as an exemplar of the challenges facing accounting practices in achieving transparency in government and public services. Design/methodology/approach – After having identified three levels of transparency, a documentary analysis is used as the primary research method. Findings – The investigation carried out reveals that the first level, or minimal level, of transparency is unlikely to be achieved for public organizations with heritage assets, mainly due to deep seated, pernicious problems of asset recognition and valuation. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the debate on what constitutes “good public governance” by examining whether accounting can foster or enhance “good governance” through the lens of transparency.
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Hay, Richard. "Tax data transparency: UK." Trusts & Trustees 23, no. 1 (February 2017): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttw207.
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Paris, David C. "Information, Data, and Transparency." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 50, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2018.1510238.
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Karwatzki, Sabrina, Olga Dytynko, Manuel Trenz, and Daniel Veit. "Beyond the Personalization–Privacy Paradox: Privacy Valuation, Transparency Features, and Service Personalization." Journal of Management Information Systems 34, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 369–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2017.1334467.
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Tonin, Fernanda S., Ignacio Aznar-Lou, Vasco M. Pontinha, Roberto Pontarolo, and Fernando Fernandez-Llimos. "Principles of pharmacoeconomic analysis: the case of pharmacist-led interventions." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 2302. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.1.2302.
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In the past years, several factors such as evidence-based healthcare culture, quality-linked incentives, and patient-centered actions, associated with an important increase of financial constraints and pressures on healthcare budgets, resulted in a growing interest by policy-makers in enlarging pharmacists’ roles in care. Numerous studies have demonstrated positive therapeutic outcomes associated with pharmaceutical services in a wide array of diseases. Yet, the evidence of the economic impact of the pharmacist in decreasing total health expenditures, unnecessary care, and societal costs relies on well-performed, reliable, and transparent economic evaluations, which are scarce. Pharmacoeconomics is a branch of health economics that usually focuses on balancing the costs and benefits of an intervention towards the use of limited resources, aiming at maximizing value to patients, healthcare payers and society through data driven decision making. These decisions can be guide by a health technology assessment (HTA) process that inform governmental players about medical, social, and economic implications of development, diffusion, and use of health technologies – including clinical pharmacy interventions. This paper aims to provide an overview of the important concepts in costing in healthcare, including studies classification according to the type of analysis method (e.g. budget-impact analysis, cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis), types of costs (e.g. direct, indirect and intangible costs) and outcomes (e.g. events prevented, quality adjusted life year - QALY, disability adjusted life year - DALY). Other key components of an economic evaluation such as the models’ perspective, time horizon, modelling approaches (e.g. decision trees or simulation models as the Markov model) and sensitivity analysis are also briefly covered. Finally, we discuss the methodological issues for the identification, measurement and valuation of costs and benefits of pharmacy services, and suggest some recommendations for future studies, including the use of Value of Assessment Frameworks.
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Bonneau, Chris W., and Kristin L. Kanthak. "Data Access and Research Transparency." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 15, no. 4 (October 26, 2015): 423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440015598318.
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Corrêa, Andreiwid Sh, Evandro Couto de Paula, Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa, and Flávio Soares Corrêa da Silva. "Transparency and open government data." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 11, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-12-2015-0052.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify and to understand how current data portals comply with open government data (OGD) principles in the context of Brazilian local government. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, we assessed a sample of 561 municipalities from a universe of interest of 3,052 ones expected to disclose information using the internet. As part of our methodology, the authors analyzed the required items for active disclosure and the technical requirements, all enforced by Brazilian law and close to OGD principles which are the focus of analysis of the authors. Findings The findings generally show the vast majority of assessed data portals did not comply with the basic requirements stated by national law, consequently not complying with OGD principles, and prevent society from benefiting from government data openness. The authors also found arguments that the national law should explicitly reproduce OGD principles, as they demonstrate clearer understanding about the global context of open data. Originality/value The contributions of this work can be used to plan public data openness actions over the internet and envision effective accountability and public participation with clearer legislation and with the effective implementation of OGD principles in data portals.
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Meltsch, Tami J. "Got accountability? Increasing data transparency." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 43, no. 6 (June 2012): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000414858.39008.e9.
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Boué, Stéphanie, Michael Byrne, A. Wallace Hayes, Julia Hoeng, and Manuel C. Peitsch. "Embracing Transparency Through Data Sharing." International Journal of Toxicology 37, no. 6 (October 3, 2018): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581818803880.
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Low rates of reproducibility and translatability of data from nonclinical research have been reported. Major causes of irreproducibility include oversights in study design, failure to characterize reagents and protocols, a lack of access to detailed methods and data, and an absence of universally accepted and applied standards and guidelines. Specific areas of concern include uncharacterized antibodies and cell lines, the use of inappropriate sampling and testing protocols, a lack of transparency and access to raw data, and deficiencies in the translatability of findings to the clinic from studies using animal models of disease. All stakeholders—academia, industry, funding agencies, regulators, nonprofit entities, and publishers—are encouraged to play active roles in addressing these challenges by formulating and promoting access to best practices and standard operating procedures and validating data collaboratively at each step of the biomedical research life cycle.