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Academic literature on the topic 'Transmitting tract'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transmitting tract"

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Bystedt, Per-Arne, and Felizitas Vennigerholz. "The transmitting tract in Trimezia fosteriana (Iridaceae).." Nordic Journal of Botany 11, no. 3 (July 1991): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1991.tb01414.x.

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Kronestedt-Robards, E. C., B. Walles, and M. Johansson. "Histogenesis of the transmitting tract in Strelitzia reginae." Nordic Journal of Botany 21, no. 1 (March 2001): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2001.tb01339.x.

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Smith, Alan, Nicole Gardner, and Elizabeth S. Zimmermann. "(273) Engineering Female Sterility for Horticultural Crops." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1020E—1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1020e.

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Female sterility is desirable in horticultural crops for many reasons, including decreasing invasiveness and weediness, reducing nuisance fruit production, promoting vegetative growth, and increasing flower longevity and number. This study tested a method of creating female sterility through genetic transformation of plants with a gene that ablates tissue necessary for female fertility and reproduction. A gene construct was created containing barnase, a cytotoxic RNAse, expressed with a transmitting tract specific promoter from the tobacco gene sP41. The sP41gene encodes a (1,3)-β-glucanase in the transmitting tract of the pistil of mature tobacco flowers. The construct also expressed barstar, a barnase inhibitor, driven by the CaMV 35S promoter to protect other plant tissues from unexpected barnase expression. Seed set data taken after controlled pollinations showed tobacco plants transformed with this construct had greatly reduced fertility in young flowers and female sterility in mature flowers relative to nontransformed controls. Light microscopy showed ablation of the transmitting tract tissue in transformed plants. The expression of barnase with a transmitting tract specific promoter is an effective way to reduce or eliminate female fertility. Due to the conservation of (1,3)-β-glucanase activity in the styles of other plant species, this construct has potential for producing female-sterile cultivars of other horticultural crops.
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Pereira, Ana Marta, Diana Moreira, Sílvia Coimbra, and Simona Masiero. "Paving the Way for Fertilization: The Role of the Transmitting Tract." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052603.

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Angiosperm reproduction relies on the precise growth of the pollen tube through different pistil tissues carrying two sperm cells into the ovules’ embryo sac, where they fuse with the egg and the central cell to accomplish double fertilization and ultimately initiate seed development. A network of intrinsic and tightly regulated communication and signaling cascades, which mediate continuous interactions between the pollen tube and the sporophytic and gametophytic female tissues, ensures the fast and meticulous growth of pollen tubes along the pistil, until it reaches the ovule embryo sac. Most of the pollen tube growth occurs in a specialized tissue—the transmitting tract—connecting the stigma, the style, and the ovary. This tissue is composed of highly secretory cells responsible for producing an extensive extracellular matrix. This multifaceted matrix is proposed to support and provide nutrition and adhesion for pollen tube growth and guidance. Insights pertaining to the mechanisms that underlie these processes remain sparse due to the difficulty of accessing and manipulating the female sporophytic tissues enclosed in the pistil. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on this key step of reproduction in flowering plants with special emphasis on the female transmitting tract tissue.
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Zhao, Jie, Hong-Yuan Yang, and Elizabeth M. Lord. "Calcium levels increase in the lily stylar transmitting tract after pollination." Sexual Plant Reproduction 16, no. 6 (March 1, 2004): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00497-003-0193-5.

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Zhao, Jie, Hong-Yuan Yang, and Elizabeth M. Lord. "Calcium levels increase in the lily stylar transmitting tract after pollination." Sexual Plant Reproduction 16, no. 6 (March 1, 2004): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00497-003-0201-9.

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Zhang, Ming Jun, Tian Yi Zhao, Xiu Ke Ouyang, Xin-Ying Zhao, Xinren Dai, and Xin-Qi Gao. "Pollen-specific gene SKU5-SIMILAR 13 enhances growth of pollen tubes in the transmitting tract in Arabidopsis." Journal of Experimental Botany 73, no. 3 (October 9, 2021): 696–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab448.

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Abstract Pollen tube growth and penetration in female tissues are essential for the transfer of sperm to the embryo sac during plant pollination. Despite its importance during pollination, little is known about the mechanisms that mediate pollen tube growth in female tissues. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana pollen/pollen tube-specific gene, SKU5-SIMILAR 13 (SKS13), which was critical for the growth of pollen tubes in the transmitting tract. The SKS13 protein was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and pollen tube walls at the apical region. In comparison with wild-type pollen tubes, those of the sks13 mutants burst more frequently when grown in vitro. Additionally, the growth of sks13 pollen tubes was retarded in the transmitting tract, thereby resulting in decreased male fertility. The accumulation of pectin and cellulose in the cell wall of sks13 pollen tubes was altered, and the content of jasmonic acid (JA) in sks13 pollen was reduced. The pollen tubes treated with an inhibitor of JA biosynthesis grew much more slowly and had an altered distribution of pectin, which is similar to the pollen tube phenotypes of the SKS13 mutation. Our results suggest that SKS13 is essential for pollen tube growth in the transmitting tract by mediating the biosynthesis of JA that modifies the components of pollen tube cell walls.
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Matsushita, Yosuke, and Hironobu Yanagisawa. "Distribution of Tomato planta macho viroid in germinating pollen and transmitting tract." Virus Genes 54, no. 1 (September 23, 2017): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-017-1510-7.

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Herrera-Ubaldo, Humberto, Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor, Ignacio Ezquer, Maurizio Di Marzo, Ricardo Aarón Chávez Montes, Andrea Gómez-Felipe, Jeanneth Pablo-Villa, et al. "New roles of NO TRANSMITTING TRACT and SEEDSTICK during medial domain development inArabidopsisfruits." Development 146, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): dev172395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.172395.

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Weber, Martina, and Andrea Frosch. "The Development of the Transmitting Tract in the Pistil of Hacquetia epipactis (Apiaceae)." International Journal of Plant Sciences 156, no. 5 (September 1995): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297283.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transmitting tract"

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Gremski, Kristina. "Gynoecium patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana control of transmitting tract development by the HECATE genes /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3221292.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 8, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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DI, MARZO MAURIZIO. "THE MADS-DOMAIN SEEDSTICK PLAYS FUNDAMENTAL ROLES DURING TRANSMITTING TRACT DEVELOPMENT AND FRUIT GROWTH IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/717626.

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The MADS-box gene SEEDSTICK (STK) controls several aspects of plant reproduction. STK is co-expressed with CESTA (CES), a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor-encoding gene. CES was reported to control redundantly with the brassinosteroid positive signaling factors BRASSINOSTEROID ENHANCED EXPRESSION1 (BEE1) and BEE3 the transmitting tract development. Through the characterization of the stk ces-2 double mutant, we observed that STK and CES act together in the regulation of transmitting tract development. Combining the stk with ces-2 bee1 bee3 we have obtained the quadruple mutant showed a clear increase of the unfertilized ovules and septum defects. In the quadruple mutant carpel fusion was compromised, causing the formation of holes at the center of the septum where transmitting tract differentiates. These phenotypes do not allow a proper pollen tube growth in the double mutant stk ces-2, and even more in the quadruple mutant bee1 bee3 stk ces-2 leading to high number of unfertilized ovules. The transcriptome profile of the quadruple mutant bee1 bee3 stk ces-2 compared to wild type revealed a small subset of misregulated genes, which probably act downstream of the transcription factor described above, mainly involved in cell death, the extracellular matrix of the transmitting tract, cell wall composition and auxin signaling. This specific subset of downstream target genes controlled directly or indirectly by STK-CES-BEE1-BEE3 protein complex, open doors to a new regulatory network controls transmitting tract development. Altogether our data reveal new insights in the regulation of transmitting tract development together by bHLH and MADS-box transcription factors.
Upon fertilization, the ovary increases in size and undergoes a complex developmental process to become a fruit. The fruit of Arabidopsis thaliana is named silique. We show that cytokinins (CK), required to define ovary size before fertilization, have to be degraded to obtain the correct fruit growth. The expression of CYTOKININ OXIDASE DEHYDROGENASE 7 (CKX7), which encodes a cytosolic CK degrading enzyme, is directly regulated post-fertilization by the MADS-box transcription factor STK. Similar to stk, two ckx7 mutant alleles possess shorter fruits compared to wild type. Quantification of CKs revealed that stk has high CK levels during fruit elongation, which negatively control cell expansion during fruit development, compromising fruit growth. Overexpression of CKX7 partially complements the stk fruit phenotype. We show that CKX6 does not regulate fruit elongation process. CKX6 encodes for one of the fourth CK degrading enzymes that acts in the apoplast. The CKX6 promoter is not active during fruit elongation phases. Moreover, the ckx6 mutant does not display differences in fruit length when compared to wild type. Finally, we show that STK is also required for the correct expression of the MADS-box gene FUL, which is considered the master regulator of valve elongation in fruit. The double mutant stk ful displayed shorter siliques when compared to wild type, but also respect to the two single mutants. The additive phenotype of the double mutant stk ful suggests the possibility that the two MADS-box transcription factors act in two parallels pathways that can regulate fruit elongation process. Overall, we provide novel insights into the regulatory pathway that control fruit growth.
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Books on the topic "Transmitting tract"

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United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush). The extension of fast track procedures: Message from the President of the United States transmitting a report that includes his request for the extension of fast track procedures for the consideration of implementing legislation with respect to trade agreements entered into after May 31, 1991, and before June 1, 1993, together with a description of the progress made to date in bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations .... Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush). The extension of fast track procedures: Message from the President of the United States transmitting a report that includes his request for the extension of fast track procedures for the consideration of implementing legislation with respect to trade agreements entered into after May 31, 1991, and before June 1, 1993, together with a description of the progress made to date in bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations ... Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Weiss, Louis M. Microsporidiosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0056.

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The class or order Microsporidia was elevated in to the phylum Microspora by Sprague and Vavra (1997) and Sprague and Becnel (1998) subsequently suggested that the term Microsporidia instead be used for the phylum name. Miicrosporidia, i.e. Nosema bombycis, were first described about 150 years ago as the cause of the disease pebrine in silkworms. In 1922, there were descriptions of gram-positive spores consistent with microspordiosis in the brain of rabbits that were being used for investigations on poliomyelitis (Wright and Craighead 1922). From 1923 to 1926, Levaditi and colleagues studied the organisms seen by Wright and Craighead, which they named Encephalitozoon cuniculi, recognizing them as Microsporidia and demonstrating their lack of host specificity by transmitting infections from rabbits to mice, rats and dogs (Levaditi et al. 1923). Microsporidia were clearly confirmed of being a cause of human disease in 1959 (Matsubayashi et al. 1959), when they were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 9 year old boy with encephalitis with seizures, coma, and fever lasting about 25 days. Bergquist et al. (1984) reported a 2 year old child with encephalitis and seizures who had Encephalitozoon spores in urine and Margileth et al. (1973) isolated the microsporidium Anncaliia (Nosema) connori from a 4 month old athymic male infant who died with severe diarrhoea and malabsorption. Microsporidia can produce a wide range of clinical diseases. A diarrhoeal syndrome associated with microsporidiosis and HIV infection was reported by Desportes et al. (1985) and the number of articles describing human disease increased rapidly after 1990. In addition to gastrointestinal tract involvement, it has been recognized that Microsporidia can infect virtually any organ system; and patients with encephalitis, ocular infection, sinusitis, myositis, and disseminated infection are well described in the literature.
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Book chapters on the topic "Transmitting tract"

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"2. The Tract Societies: Transmitting a Traditional Morality by Untraditional Means." In Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920, 22–33. Harvard University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674028623-004.

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Li, Xin, Yan Yan, Pan Hua, Qing Zhang, Haitao Wang, Chao Wang, Yifan Chen, and Guiyun Tian. "Application of Compressed Sensing in NB-IoT-Based Structural Health Monitoring of Rail Tracks." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/saem200038.

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Ultrasonic guided-wave testing is one of the most widely used technology for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of rail tracks. Currently, cable is the main tool of signal transmission for guided wave-based track monitoring systems. The installation of cables can significantly increase the system cost and restrict the flexibility of system deployment. In recent years, the NB-IoT technology has been gradually appied to the field of SHM, it offers long-range wireless communication among a large-scale sensor networks at the cost of minimum construction and maintenance. One primary obstacle hindering the integration of NB-IoT and guided wave-based track monitoring system is that the limited channel bandwidth of NB-IoT leads to significant transmission delay when transmitting the ultrasonic guided-wave signal sampled at Nyquist rate. In this paper, a Compressed Sensing (CS) framework for NB-IoT based rail-track monitoring system is proposed. The proposed CS framework utilizes the sparsity feature of the ultrasonic lamb-wave signal to enable sub-Nyquist sampling and maintain the feature of the measured signal at a low compression rate. To validate the proposed CS framework, the propagation time of lamb-wave is selected as the performance metrics. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional sampling method, the propagation time of lamb wave in rail track can be accurately extracted when the sampling rate is set to 100kHz, therefore, the channel bandwidth of NB-IoT can meet the delay-free data transmission of a single ultrasonic sensor.
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Osamaa, Asmaa, Shaimaa Ahmed El-Said, and Aboul Ella Hassanien. "Energy-Efficient Routing Techniques for Wireless Sensors Networks." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 37–62. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9911-3.ch003.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which normally consist of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes each capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting environmental information, are deployed to monitor certain physical phenomena or to detect and track certain objects in an area of interests. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data depending on local information and parameters such as signal strength, power consumption, location of data collection and accretion. Only reachable nodes are able to communicate with each other directly to collect and transmit data. The motes have limited energy resources along with constraints on its computational and storage capabilities. Thus, innovative techniques that eliminate energy inefficiencies that would shorten the lifetime of the network are highly required. Such constraints combined with a typical deployment of large number of sensor nodes pose many challenges to the design and management of WSNs and necessitate energy-awareness at all layers of the networking protocol stack. In this chapter, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs that take into consideration the energy issue.
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Osamaa, Asmaa, Shaimaa Ahmed El-Said, and Aboul Ella Hassanien. "Energy-Efficient Routing Techniques for Wireless Sensors Networks." In Sensor Technology, 917–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch044.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which normally consist of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes each capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting environmental information, are deployed to monitor certain physical phenomena or to detect and track certain objects in an area of interests. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data depending on local information and parameters such as signal strength, power consumption, location of data collection and accretion. Only reachable nodes are able to communicate with each other directly to collect and transmit data. The motes have limited energy resources along with constraints on its computational and storage capabilities. Thus, innovative techniques that eliminate energy inefficiencies that would shorten the lifetime of the network are highly required. Such constraints combined with a typical deployment of large number of sensor nodes pose many challenges to the design and management of WSNs and necessitate energy-awareness at all layers of the networking protocol stack. In this chapter, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs that take into consideration the energy issue.
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Atkinson, Martin E. "The central nervous system." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0009.

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The nervous system is an integrating system which acts rapidly by transmitting signals as electrical impulses over often considerable distances to coordinate bodily activities. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS); incoming information travels in ascending (sensory) tracts that link the spinal cord to the brain and outgoing information passes down descending (motor) tracts linking the brain to the spinal cord. The CNS integrates responses to incoming information and sends the information to effector tissues (usually striated or smooth muscles or glands). Incoming and outgoing information is carried to and from the periphery to the CNS via 12 pairs of cranial nerves connected to the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves connected to the spinal cord; they constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Sensory (afferent) information from the external environment is obtained through the organs of special sense in the eyes, ears, nose and tongue, and skin and mucosa lining bodily cavities: we are aware of these stimuli. Information from internal sources is equally important and vital for maintaining homeostasis, but we are usually Neurons are the basic cellular units of the nervous system. As the principal function of the nervous system is conduction of electrical signals over considerable distances, neurons are highly specialized for this f unction. Neurons have: • A specific shape with long cellular extensions; • Highly specialized membranes to control ionic movements to allow electrical activity to spread along the cellular extensions; • A very specialized internal transport system to distribute cellular metabolites along the processes. The general shape of neurons is shown in Figure 3.1. Note first of all, the relatively large cell body near the top of the picture; this contains the nucleus and the intracellular organelles necessary for synthetic functions so is similar to any other cell. What make neurons special are the long processes that emanate from the cell body. Dendrites are short multiple processes that branch extensively from and transmit impulses towards the cell body. Compare the dendrites in Figure 3.1 with the other process, the axon, which transmits impulses away from the cell body.
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Conference papers on the topic "Transmitting tract"

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Zhang, Yiming, Yuanchao Wu, Wenbin Pan, Hui Wang, Zhiwei Shen, and Xin Li. "Two-Dimensional Free Positioning Wireless Charging System Based on Tilted Long-Track Transmitting Coil Array." In 2022 IEEE 5th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cieec54735.2022.9845871.

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Bilodeau, James, Kevin Clark, David Gregg, and Heath Pier. "Wireless Networking of Rail Sensors on Continuously Welded Rail." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36272.

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Railroads around the world are trying to increase hauling capacity on an already over-burdened rail system. This results in increased rail maintenance, increased cost from slow orders and increased risk of track failures. However, monitoring rails for neutral temperature drift, rail buckling and rail breaks is becoming easier and more cost effective with improved sensor technology. One major improvement is the ability to monitor long stretches of rail by networking a series of sensors together. This results in complete track coverage for a reasonable cost. New sensor technology capable of transmitting data wirelessly over several miles of track is presented in this paper. The antenna configuration is a critical factor to achieve adequate signal strength within several inches of the ground. The research presented here shows that it is possible to use the rails themselves as waveguides to help guide wireless signals down the rails to the next sensor.
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Ta¨ndl, Martin, and Andre´s Kecskeme´thy. "An Object Oriented Approach for Robust Guided Spatial Motions." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85407.

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The article presents an object-oriented framework for representing guided spatial motion in multibody systems. In this setting, the spatial track is regarded as a kinetostatic transmission element transmitting motion and forces as in a generic joint. For vector decompositions along the path, three different parametrizations (Frenet and Darboux frames, respectively, as well as the ODE generation proposed by Bishop) are analyzed. It is shown that for the Frenet frame parametrization, it is possible to avoid singularities at the points of inflection by a special blending technique. Track geometry is globally smoothed up to fifth order using B-Splines and Dierckx optimization routines, thus allowing for non-jerky acceleration layout. Roll-angle or banking information is additionally generated by globally smooth splines, thus also allowing for non-jerky rotations along the track. Local editing is made possible through the use of exponential blending functions. The result is a robust and easily applicable software that can be integrated in general environments. All concepts have been implemented in a multibody simulation program and tested within an industrial application of roller coaster design.
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Solanki, Pratap Bhanu, and Xiaobo Tan. "Extended Kalman Filter-Aided Active Beam Tracking for LED Communication in 3D Space." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5344.

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Maintaining Line-Of-Sight (LOS) between the receiver and the transmitter is an inherent challenge associated with light-emitting diode (LED)-based free space optical communication systems, especially when such systems are used by mobile robots. Due to constant movement of underlying robotic platforms and other unwanted disturbances, there is a need for an active alignment system that allows the receiver to constantly track the direction of the transmitting device. In this paper, we propose an active alignment control system, equipped with two degree-of-freedom (DOF) actuation and capable of tracking a transmitting source moving in the three-dimensional (3D) space. A 3D extension of a previously proposed Extended Kalman Filter-based algorithm is used to estimate the components of the angle between the receiver orientation and the receiver-transmitter line, which are used subsequently to adjust the receiver orientation. The algorithm uses only the measured light intensity from a single photo-diode, where successive measurements are obtained via a circular scanning technique. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the proposed approach and explore the tradeoffs in the design of the scanning pattern. In particular, a scheme with adaptively adjusted scanning amplitude is shown to deliver satisfactory alignment performance with actuation effort.
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Slawinski, Piotr R., Collin T. Garcia, Addisu Z. Taddese, Keith L. Obstein, and Pietro Valdastri. "Towards Recovering a Lost Degree of Freedom in Magnet-Driven Robotic Capsule Endoscopy." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3391.

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Flexible endoscopy, a procedure during which an operator pushes a semi-rigid endoscope through a patient’s gastrointestinal tract, has been the gold-standard screening method for colon cancer screening (colonoscopy) for over 50 years. Owing to the large amounts of tissue stress that result from the need for transmitting a force to the tip of the endoscope while the device wraps through the bowel, implementing a front-actuated endoscopy system has been a popular area of research [1]. The pursuit of such a concept was accelerated by the advent of ingestible capsule endoscopes, which, since then, have been augmented by researchers to include therapeutic capabilities, modalities for maneuverability, amongst other diagnostic functions [2]. One of the more common approaches investigated has been the use of magnetic fields to apply forces and torques to steer the tip of an endoscope [3]. Recent efforts in magnetic actuation have resulted in the use of robot manipulators with permanent magnets at their end effectors that are used to manipulate endoscopes with embedded permanent magnets. Recently, we implemented closed loop control of a tethered magnetic capsule by using real-time magnetic localization and the linearization of a magnetic wrench applied to the capsule by the actuating magnet [4]. This control was implemented in 2 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) in position (in the horizontal plane) and 2 DoF in orientation (panning and tilting). One DoF in position is lost owing to the tethered capsule being actuated in air and thus lacking a restoring force to counter the high field gradient. The 3rd orientation DoF is lost owing to the axial symmetry of the permanent magnet in the capsule; this prevents the application of torque in the axial direction and thus controlled roll and introduces a singularity in the capsule’s actuation. Although another dipole could be used to eliminate this singularity, this would complicate both the actuation and localization methods. In this manuscript, we consider the consequences of the embedded magnet (EM) being radially offset from the center of the capsule while being manipulated by an external actuating magnet (AM). We have developed a tethered capsule endoscope that contains a cylindrical EM (11.11 mm in length and diameter) with a residual flux density of 1.48 T that is offset by 1.85 mm from the center of the capsule; a distance that is less than 10% of the capsule diameter. Our investigation into the topic results from repeated observation of the capsule’s preference to align such that the internal magnet is closest to the actuating magnet (AM). The AM is a cylindrical magnet (101.6 mm in length and diameter) with a residual flux density of 1.48 T that is mounted at the end effector of a 6 DoF manipulator, as seen in Figure 1. In this manuscript, we evaluate the torqueing effects of the presence of this magnet offset with the goal of determining whether the torque effect is negligible, or impacts capsule motion and thus can potentially be used for the benefit of endoscope manipulation. A concept schematic of this effect is shown in Figure 2. A discussion of how to use this torque is beyond the scope of this manuscript. To the authors’ knowledge, the use of such concept in permanent-magnet based control has not been investigated.
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Elharrouss, Omar, Noor Al-Maadeed, Khalid Abualsaud, Amr Mahmoud, Tamer Khattab, Somaya Al-Maadeed, and Ali Al-Ali. "Smart System to Monitor Social-Distancing During the Covid-19 Pandemic." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0297.

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We introduce a smart system to track and maintain real-time physical distance between people and to warn people over any deviation from the prescribed distances. Social-distancing is an effective way of slowing infectious disease spread. People are advised to reduce their contacts with each other, thus reducing the chances of transmitting the disease through physical or near contact. We proposed a system to automate the task of tracking social distance using video surveillance and sensors. The system can be used to detect moving objects and measure distance between people. The system collected sensor environmental information for commercial, industrial and governmental purposes. Furthermore we are using drown to detect crowded area. The accuracy of detection using sensors can be helpful when it combined with the camera for computer vision task in terms of visualization using camera and rebuses of detection using sensor. Both camera and sensor gauge the environment to detect moving objects simultaneously.
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Safaei, Mohsen, and Steven R. Anton. "Experimental Evaluation of Sensing and Energy Harvesting Behavior of Implanted Piezoelectric Transducers in Total Knee Replacement." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3881.

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Total knee replacement has been utilized to restore the functionality of diseased knee joints for more than four decades. Today, despite the relatively high level of patient satisfaction, still about 20% of patients are not fulfilled with their surgical outcomes in terms of function and reduction in pain. There is still an ongoing discussion on correlating the postoperative functionality of the joint to intraoperative alignment, which suffers from lack of in vivo data from the knee after surgery. However, it is necessary to mention that using computer assisted surgical techniques, the outcomes of knee replacement procedures have been remarkably improved. In order to obtain information about the knee function after the operation, the design of a self-powered instrumented knee implant is proposed in this study. The design is a total knee replacement ultra high molecular weight polyethylene insert equipped with four piezoelectric transducers distributed in the medial and lateral compartments of the bearing. The piezoelectric elements are employed to measure the axial force applied on the tibial insert through the femoral component of the joint as well as to track the movement in the center of pressure. In addition, generated voltage from the piezoelectrics is harvested and stored to power embedded electronics for further signal conditioning and data transmitting purposes. The performance of the instrumented implant is investigated via experimental testing on a fabricated prototype in terms of sensing and power harvesting capacity. Piezoelectric force and center of pressure measurements are compared to the actual quantities recorded from the load frame and pressure sensitive films in order to evaluate the performance of the sensing system. The output voltage of the piezoelectric transducers is rectified and stored in a capacitor to evaluate the energy harvesting ability of the system. The results show only a small level of error in sensing the force and the location of center of pressure. Additionally, a 4.9 V constant voltage is stored in a 3.3 mF capacitor after 3333 loading cycles. The sensing and energy harvesting results present the promising potential of this system to be used as an integrated self-powered instrumented knee implant.
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