Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transmitters and transmission

Academic literature on the topic 'Transmitters and transmission'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Transmitters and transmission"

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Ahmad, Lalu Turjiman. "SISTEM ISNĀD HADĪTS DAN AWAL MULA PENGGUNAANNYA DALAM TRADISI PERIWAYATAN PUISI ARAB JAHILIYAH." ALQALAM 28, no. 1 (April 29, 2011): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v28i1.536.

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It is ordinary that riwāyah (oral transmission) has been the main media in transmitting knowledge. Indeed, for the Arabs, the transmission system was used not only in transmitting hadits, but also in transmitting the history. In terms of the transmission of traditions, the transmitters were very strict in applying the rules of transmission. Hence, such an isnād system has a very important value in the history. Muslims in the past gave much attention to such an isnād system.The transmissions of poetry had been emerged before the transmissions did. Every poetry has the transmitters. They keep and guarantee the continuity of the poetry transmission. The relation between the poetry transmitters and their poetries is not different from that of the transmitters of hadits and their hadits. Key words: hadits, isnād, Jahiliyah poetry, oral transmission.
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Willits, A. B. "HEAT TRANSMISSION AND TRANSMITTERS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 22, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1910.tb04546.x.

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Abdullah, M. F. L., and Hafez Rachwan Abd Rahman. "Amplitude and Frequency Shift Keying Infrared Transmitter." Journal of Applied Engineering & Technology (JAET) 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55447/jaet.01.01.5.

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In this paper, an infrared transmitter is designed using Amplitude and Frequency Shift Keying using the direct modulation where this transmitter give an opportunity for users to select the modulation signal that need to be transmitted. This transmitter is capable of transmitting signal to 353.498MHz with gain bandwidth of 12.010dB. The performance of the designed system is enhanced compared to existing transmitters. The designed can be used in existing communication system to improve the transmission of the signals for long haul communication.
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Nadia, Zunly. "Women Political Participation in the Era of Prophet Muhammad: Study on the Hadith Transmitters of the Women Companions." Al-Albab 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v6i1.608.

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Most of Moslem societies define the role of woman in the purely domestic sector. Some people consider that Islam stands against women’s role in public sectors believing that it has roots in the context of the prophet’s time. This work shows that there is no prohibitation for woman to take parts in the public and social affairs including in the area of political role. It was the case that some women companions of the prophet participated in the political role including Aisyah the wife of Nabi Saw, Asma binti Abu Bakar, Ummu Athiyah, Ummu Hani’ and Rubayyi’ bint Mu’awidz. In this paper, the writer focuses on woman companion hadith transmitters who are directly wrapped up in the missionary work with the prophet. In addition, this paper also shows the relation between woman companion transmitter activities and their hadith transmission, under assumption that the role of woman would influence the texts of the transmitted hadiths. It is because, as a text, hadith was transmitted in the certain context and condition. Accordingly, every transmitter had different hadith transmission based on her context, status, profession, and even gender construction. Therefore, this paper discusses the woman companion transmitters who play their role in the field of politics and also their influence in their transmitted hadiths
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LO, Y. H., and T. P. LEE. "VERY HIGH SPEED OEIC TRANSMITTERS FOR FUTURE OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND OPTICAL NETWORKS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 02, no. 01n02 (March 1991): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915649100003x.

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The technology and system applications of high speed OEIC transmitters are discussed in this paper. With only two MOCVD growths and conventional processing techniques, OEIC transmitters made of sophisticated DFB laser diodes and InGaAs/InAlAs MODFETs can be fabricated. A speed of 10 Gbit/s has been demonstrated. Using the same technology, OEIC transmitters for high bit rate time division multiplexed (TDM) and dense wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems are designed and fabricated. There is evidence showing that the OEIC transmitter integrated with multiplexers and other critical circuits can offer significant cost reduction and performance improvement compared to hybrid approach. Using a four-channel OEIC WDM transmitter, we demonstrate its capability of precise wavelength control by setting the channel spacing as close as 0.3 nm. Finally, the crosstalk of OEIC is analyzed. Bonding wires are confirmed as the dominant factor for RF crosstalk. To keep the thermal crosstalk within an acceptable level, a proper device spacing to substrate thickness ratio has to be chosen.
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Raghavendran, CH V., G. Naga Satish, M. V. Rama Sundari, and P. Suresh Varma. "Tandem Communication Network Model with DBA having Non Homogeneous Poisson arrivals and Feedback for First Node." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 4922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i9.2372.

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In this paper, we develop a two node tandem communication network model with dynamic bandwidth allocation and feedback for the first node. In most of the communication systems, the arrivals of packets follow Non-Homogeneous and arrival rate is time dependent. In this model, the transmission rate of each transmitter depends on the number of packets in the buffer connected it. The transmission rates at each transmitter are adjusted depending upon the content of the buffer connected to it. The packets transmitted through the first transmitter may be forwarded to the buffer connected to the second transmitter or returned back to the first buffer with certain probabilities. Using the difference-differential equations the performance measures including average number of packets in each buffer, the probability of emptiness of the network, the average waiting time in the buffer and in the network, the throughput of the transmitters, and the variance of the number of packets in the buffer are calculated. It is observed that the load dependent transmission can reduce the delays in the transmission and enhance the channel capacity.Â
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Andoni, Loreta. "ACHIEVING MAXIMUM SFN SIZE FOR A DVB-T2 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM." CBU International Conference Proceedings 6 (September 25, 2018): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1284.

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The GE-06 Agreement “On planning the terrestrial digital broadcasting services in parts of Region 1 and 3, in the frequency bands of 174-230 MHz and 470-862 MHz” has been based in the DVB-T system of transmission. Most of the signatory countries of this agreement use or are going to use the most advanced digital terrestrial technology such as DVB-T2. One of the main advantages of DVB-T2 comparing with DVB-T is an increased size of SFN networks, which is closely related with guard interval or inter-transmitters distances. To achieve the maximum size of DVB-T2 SFNs, it is important to find optimal parameters of DVB-T2 networks. But even though the GE-06 Plan gives opportunities to implement DVB-T2 there are some limitations on using all its benefits. One of these limitations is the availability to increase the distance between transmitters because changes in the location of any transmitter require long and intensive coordination with neighboring countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the optimal DVB-T2 networks configuration for two existing SFN networks in Albania with the purpose to achieve maximum SFN size without adding transmitters or changing the location of existing transmitters.
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MACDERMOTT, A. "Transmitters and Receptors: Excitatory Amino Acid Transmission." Science 237, no. 4821 (September 18, 1987): 1517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4821.1517-a.

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Chau, Jorge Luis, Juan Miguel Urco, Juha Pekka Vierinen, Ryan Andrew Volz, Matthias Clahsen, Nico Pfeffer, and Jörg Trautner. "Novel specular meteor radar systems using coherent MIMO techniques to study the mesosphere and lower thermosphere." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 2113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2113-2019.

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Abstract. Typical specular meteor radars (SMRs) use one transmitting antenna and at least a five-antenna interferometric configuration on reception to study the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. The interferometric configuration allows the measurement of the angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the detected meteor echoes, which in turn is needed to derive atmospheric parameters (e.g., mean winds, momentum fluxes, temperatures, and neutral densities). Recently, we have shown that coherent MIMO configurations in atmospheric radars, i.e., multiple input (transmitters) and multiple output (receivers), with proper diversity in transmission can be used to enhance interferometric atmospheric and ionospheric observations. In this study we present novel SMR systems using multiple transmitters in interferometric configuration, each of them employing orthogonal pseudorandom coded transmitted sequences. After proper decoding, the angle of departure (AOD) of the detected meteor echoes with respect to the transmitter site are obtained at each receiving antenna. We present successful bistatic implementations of (1) five transmitters and one receiver using coded continuous wave (CW) (MISO-CW), and (2) five transmitters and five receivers using coded CW (MIMO-CW). The latter system allows simultaneous independent observations of the specular meteor trails with respect to the transmitter (AOD) and with respect to the receiver (AOA). The quality of the obtained results is evaluated in terms of the resulting mean winds, the number of detections and the daily diffusion trail vs. altitude behavior. We show that the proposed configurations are good alternatives to explore the MLT region. When combined with multi-static approaches, they can increase the number of meteor detections, thereby improving the quality of atmospheric estimates and allowing the measurement of new atmospheric parameters (e.g., horizontal divergence, vorticity), The use of multiple collocated transmitters for interferometric AOD determination makes building a multi-static radar network easier logistically, as only one receiver per receiving site antenna is sufficient.
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Kim, Cheol-Min, and Seok-Joo Koh. "Device Management and Data Transport in IoT Networks Based on Visible Light Communication." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082741.

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LED-based Visible Light Communication (VLC) has been proposed as the IEEE 802.15.7 standard and is regarded as a new wireless access medium in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) environment. With this trend, many works have already been made to improve the performance of VLC. However, the effectively integration of VLC services into IoT networks has not yet been sufficiently studied. In this paper, we propose a scheme for device management and data transport in IoT networks using VLC. Specifically, we discuss how to manage VLC transmitters and receivers, and to support VLC data transmission in IoT networks. The proposed scheme considers uni-directional VLC transmissions from transmitter to receivers for delivery of location-based VLC data. The backward transmission from VLC receivers will be made by using platform server and aggregation agents in the network. For validation and performance analysis, we implemented the proposed scheme with VLC-capable LED lights and open sources of oneM2M. From the experimental results for virtual museum services, we see that the VLC data packets can be exchanged within 590 ms, and the handover between VLC transmitters can be completed within 210 ms in the testbed network.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transmitters and transmission"

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Kot, Alan Douglas. "Optimal weighted partial decision combining for fading channel diversity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26710.

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A diversity combining scheme is examined that utilizes a demodulator's hard decisions in conjunction with knowledge of each decision's reliability. A maximum-likelihood bit decision is made, based on these partial decisions from the demodulator and on measurements of the state of the fading channel. The technique is sub-optimal since hard decisions are processed, but it may find application in low cost receiver design. The technique is optimal in the sense that a minimum probability of bit error is achieved, given a set of partial decisions and knowledge of their reliability. Performance analysis for the case of non-coherent frequency shift keying on a slow Rayleigh fading channel with additive white Gaussian noise includes the derivation of a tight upper bound on the probability of bit error, and estimates of the asymptotic performance relative to standard diversity schemes such as majority-voting, selection diversity, square-law, and maximal ratio combining. These results are supported by simulation results for bit and packet error rates in an example system. With five independent bit repeats and a BER of 10⁻³, the receiver is about 3 dB more efficient than majority-voting, and about 1 dB more efficient than selection diversity. The gain in efficiency, relative to the standard partial decision combination schemes, increases with the number of repeats. The degradation in performance in a practical receiver implementation is addressed, and it is demonstrated that near ideal performance may be obtained with only a few reliability weights quantized to a small number of levels. Furthermore, this performance is maintained over a wide range of average signal to noise ratio without having to adapt the reliability weights. When the reliability estimate is corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise, it is demonstrated that simple low- pass filtering of the signal strength estimate is sufficient to obtain near ideal performance. The performance is degraded in the presence of cochannel interference, but for a moderate level of interference the performance is demonstrated to be superior to majority-voting or selection diversity. Other results include a method to estimate the optimal quantization thresholds, and a method to obtain the probability of error of selection diversity receivers employing signal to noise ratio measurement quantization. The selection diversity analysis is applicable to the more general case of Rician fading.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Apostolou, Nikolaos. "Signal synthesis with dynamically-changed power spectral density in a software defined radio transmitter." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/874.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
The objective of this thesis is to synthesize signals with a dynamically change power spectral density, in a SDR transmitter, utilizing the most appropriate channels, modulation schemes and transmission rates for communication, based on the noise profile (AWGN plus interferences) of the link, in order to achieve performance within some predefined acceptable levels. The objective is obtained by simulation.
Major, Hellenic Army
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Asyhari, Agustian Taufiq. "Nearest neighbour decoding for fading channels." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610448.

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Park, Youngcheol. "Dual-Band Transmitters Using Digitally Predistorted Frequency Multipliers for Reconfigurable Radios." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5107.

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The objective of the proposed research is to develop simplified reconfigurable transmission systems with frequency multipliers for the transmission of complex modulated signals. Because they rely on nonlinear properties, frequency multiplier-based transmission systems require proper linearization techniques and accurate modeling of the signal transfer function. To accomplish these two goals, the author has developed techniques to model and linearize frequency multipliers and to digitize feedback signals for nonlinear characterization. First, adaptive predistortion techniques and zonal transfer theories have been developed for modeling and linearization. The predistortion system has been verified by applying an IS-95B signal to various frequency multipliers built by the author. Second, because the output signals at higher harmonic zones occupy wider frequency bandwidths than the signal in the fundamental zone does and thus make it harder to use traditional sampling techniques, a simplified but effective method called the sub-Nyquist sampling rate was developed and verified. Third, two methods for reconfigurable transmitters using frequency multipliers in conjunction with digital predistortion linearizers were developed. Both methods make it possible to transmit complex signals via frequency multipliers by using dual-band transmission systems that incorporate frequency multipliers that are based on linearization techniques. One of these methods uses a circuit topology that can be switched between a fundamental-mode in-phase combined amplifier and a push-push frequency doubler using input phasing. The second suggested method uses a fundamental-frequency power amplifier followed by a varactor multiplier that can be bypassed with an RF switch. This work will contribute to the development of low-cost and size-effective reconfigurable transmission systems because it requires fewer transmitting components and needs less sampling of the feedback networks.
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Coll, Eric. "Motion compensated interpolation for television standards conversion." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65468.

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Sweeney, Dennis G. "Adaptive power control as a fade countermeasure on satellite links." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39716.

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Lee, King F. "Space-time and space-frequency coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmitter diversity techniques." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14981.

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Lee, Chang-Ho. "Design and development of a ku-band transmitter for satellite communication applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14722.

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王徐芳 and Xufang Wang. "Multiresolution joint source and channel coding for wireless communications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225299.

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盧志明 and Chi-ming Lo. "Analytical evaluation of wireless digital communication performance over fading channels." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124208X.

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Books on the topic "Transmitters and transmission"

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National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Body-worn FM transmitters. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1990.

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National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Body-worn FM transmitters. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1990.

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National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Body-worn FM transmitters. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1990.

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Blair, Robin. Digital techniques in broadcasting transmission. Boston: Focal Press, 2002.

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Dick, Biddulph, and Radio Society of Great Britain., eds. VHF/UHF handbook. [Potters Bar]: Radio Society of Great Britain, 1997.

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Whitaker, Jerry C. Radio frequency transmission systems: Design andoperation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.

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service), IEEE Xplore (Online, ed. Fundamentals of digital television transmission. New York: Wiley, 2001.

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), National Institute of Justice (U S. Fixed and base station FM transmitters. Washington, D.C: The Institute, 1988.

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National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Fixed and base station FM transmitters. Washington, D.C: The Institute, 1988.

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Manning, Trevor. Microwave radio transmission design guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Artech House, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transmitters and transmission"

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Nuyts, Pieter A. J., Patrick Reynaert, and Wim Dehaene. "High-Level Analysis of Fully Digital PWM Transmitters." In Continuous-Time Digital Front-Ends for Multistandard Wireless Transmission, 51–124. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03925-1_3.

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Thureson-Klein, Åsa K., Richard L. Klein, Pei-Chun Zhu, and Jae-Yang Kong. "Differential Release of Transmitters and Neuropeptides Co-Stored in Central and Peripheral Neurons." In Cellular and Molecular Basis of Synaptic Transmission, 137–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73172-3_8.

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Xia, Nenghong, Menglin Tian, Haisheng Lian, and Yimin Zhu. "Analysis of Effective Transmission Distance of Double Transmitters in Magnetic Coupled Resonant WPT System." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 686–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6373-2_68.

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Seimetz, Matthias. "Transmitter Design." In High-Order Modulation for Optical Fiber Transmission, 15–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93771-5_2.

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Ivanović, Lozica, Danica Josifović, Dobrivoje Ćatić, and Andreja Ilić. "Testing of the Electromotor Power Transmitter Properties." In Power Transmissions, 635–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6558-0_51.

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Gao, Wei. "Transceiver I: Transmitter Architectures." In Energy and Bandwidth-Efficient Wireless Transmission, 291–325. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44222-8_6.

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Morrone, Aldo, Roberta Calcaterra, and Gennaro Franco. "Female Genital Mutilation and Risk for Transmission of STIs." In Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 847–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14663-3_59.

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Nuyts, Pieter A. J., Patrick Reynaert, and Wim Dehaene. "Digital Transmitter Architectures: Overview." In Continuous-Time Digital Front-Ends for Multistandard Wireless Transmission, 15–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03925-1_2.

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Nicholls, David, and Jose Sanchez-Prieto. "Synaptosomal Bioenergetics and the Mechanism of Amino Acid Transmitter Release." In Cellular and Molecular Basis of Synaptic Transmission, 185–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73172-3_11.

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Göthert, Manfred. "Modulation of Transmitter Release by Presynaptic Serotonin Receptors." In Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems, 55–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73160-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transmitters and transmission"

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Kun Zhang and Husheng Li. "The Transmission Strategy for Energy Harvesting Wireless Transmitters." In 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2011.6134169.

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Duan, Ruifeng, Mohammed Elmusrati, and Reino Virrankoski. "Stable transmission for a cognitive-shared channel with rechargeable transmitters." In ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2012.6364584.

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Liu, Qiang, Wen-Hua Ren, Xi Lu, and Guang-Xuan Chen. "Study on Resonant Wireless Power transmission System with Dual Transmitters." In 2015 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icseee-15.2016.181.

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Blazevic, Zoran, and Dragan Poljak. "Some notes on transmission line representations of Tesla’s transmitters." In 2008 16th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/softcom.2008.4669453.

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McFarland, Joseph R., and Taylor W. Barton. "Bandwidth of transmission-line resistance compression networks for microwave outphasing transmitters." In 2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wmcas.2015.7233209.

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Gao, Rui, Kai Sun, Wei Huang, and Fengli Shi. "Optimal transmission strategy in fading broadcasting channels with energy harvesting switching transmitters." In 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compcomm.2017.8322516.

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Deo, Naresh. "High Performance Transmitters for Small Satellites for Data Transmission and Remote Sensing." In 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2019.8742229.

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Ozel, Omur, Jing Yang, and Sennur Ulukus. "Optimal transmission policies over vector Gaussian broadcast channels with energy harvesting transmitters." In 2011 45th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2011.6189943.

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Patiballa, Sree Kalyan, Sreeshankar Satheeshbabu, and Girish Krishnan. "Load-Flow Based Design of Compliant Mechanisms With Embedded Soft Actuators." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98514.

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Abstract Transmission members such as gears and linkages are ubiquitously used in mechatronic systems to tailor the performance of actuators. However, in most bio-inspired soft systems the actuation and transmission members are closely integrated, and sometimes indistinguishable. Embedded actuation is greatly advantageous for attaining high stroke and transferring large output forces. This paper attempts at a systematic synthesis of compliant systems with embedded contractile actuators and passive members to achieve a particular kinematic objective. The paper builds on recent understanding of a compliant mechanism topology where the constituent members can be functionally classified as load transferring transmitters and strain energy storing constraints. The functional equivalence between the transmitter members and actuators are used to replace transmitters in tension with contractile actuators, thus realizing a compliant embedded system. Once a single-input single-output compliant mechanism is designed, and its load flow behavior mapped, systematic guidelines and best practices are established for embedding actuators within the topology to increase performance without altering the kinematic behavior. Several examples, including a prototype that used soft pneumatic artificial muscles is presented to validate the synthesis framework. The initial results will form the basis for designing fully autonomous compliant systems with embedded actuators and sensors without the use of computationally expensive techniques.
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Shi, Yongqiang, David J. Olson, James H. Bechtel, Srinath Kalluri, William H. Steier, Wenshen Wang, Datong Chen, and Harold R. Fetterman. "Photo excitation stability and bias voltage stability of electro-optic polymer modulators for broadband analog transmission systems." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.wb.8.

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Broadband analog transmitters are an important part of many information delivery systems. Nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer devices have shown a great potential of playing a major role in ultra-wide bandwidth analog transmission systems due to the low dielectric constant, flexibility of processing, compatibility with semiconductor technology, and high nonlinearities. The general requirements for polymer modulators used in an externally modulated broadband transmission system were briefly discussed previously.[1] In this summary, we will focus on two practical issues for polymer modulators used in an externally modulated analog transmission system: the photo excitation stability and the quadrature bias voltage stability of electro-optic( EO) polymer modulators. The photo excitation stability is directly related to the signal-to-noise ratio of the analog signal link, device life-time, and processing conditions. The bias voltage stability will affect the fidelity of the transmitted analog signal. Using a thermally crosslinkable polyurethane with Disperse Red 19 side groups(PUR-DR19), we have tested the performance and the stability of EO polymer devices.
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Reports on the topic "Transmitters and transmission"

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George, Jowers, and Grimley. PR-015-08605-R01 Assessment of Orifice Meter Flow Measurements with Low Differential Pressures - Unblinded. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010948.

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Measurement of natural gas flow with an orifice meter is a well-established methodology; however, orifice measurement accuracy is of concern when flow rates are low and the differential pressure (DP) across the orifice is at the extreme low end of common DP transmitter ranges. This research evaluated the performance of multiple types of transmitters in 10-inch and 4-inch orifice meter runs at differential pressures approaching 1 inch of water column (1� H2O), simulating low flow transmission meter stations and depleted production well stations. The results were analyzed to characterize and better understand the uncertainties and measurement errors associated with orifice meters operating with small bore diameters and low DPs. Transmitters tested included typical DP transmitters with stated accuracies of 0.1% of full scale, DP transmitters with stated accuracies as a percent of reading; and high-frequency-response DP transmitters. Data acquisition methods, transmitter technologies, and various calibrated measurement spans were studied for their potential to improve orifice meter accuracy at low DP conditions. This is an un-blinded report.
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George, Jowers, and Grimley. PR-015-08605-R02 Assessment of Orifice Meter Flow Measurements with Low Differential Pressures. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010040.

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Measurement of natural gas flow with an orifice meter is a well-established methodology; however, orifice measurement accuracy is of concern when flow rates are low and the differential pressure (DP) across the orifice is at the extreme low end of common DP transmitter ranges. This research evaluated the performance of multiple types of transmitters in 10-inch and 4-inch orifice meter runs at differential pressures approaching 1 inch of water column (1� H2O), simulating low flow transmission meter stations and depleted production well stations. The results were analyzed to characterize and better understand the uncertainties and measurement errors associated with orifice meters operating with small bore diameters and low DPs. Transmitters tested included typical DP transmitters with stated accuracies of 0.1% of full scale, DP transmitters with stated accuracies as a percent of reading; and high-frequency-response DP transmitters. Data acquisition methods, transmitter technologies, and various calibrated measurement spans were studied for their potential to improve orifice meter accuracy at low DP conditions. This is an blinded report.
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3

Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy, and Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.

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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Ndhlovu, Lewis, Catherine Searle, Johannes van Dam, Yodwa Mzaidume, Bareng Rasego, and Solly Moema. Reducing the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in a mining community: Findings from the Carletonville Mothusimpilo intervention project: 1998 to 2001. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2.1032.

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5

Ullman, Diane, James Moyer, Benjamin Raccah, Abed Gera, Meir Klein, and Jacob Cohen. Tospoviruses Infecting Bulb Crops: Evolution, Diversity, Vector Specificity and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695847.bard.

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Objectives. The overall goal of the proposed research was to develop a mechanistic understanding of tospovirus evolution, diversity and vector specificity that could be applied to development of novel methods for limiting virus establishment and spread. Our specific objectives were: 1) To characterize newly intercepted tospoviruses in onion, Hippeastrum and other bulb crops and compare them with the known tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and its isolates; 2) To characterize intra- and interspecific variation in the virus transmission by thrips of the new and distinct tospoviruses. and, 3) To determine the basis of vector specificity using biological, cellular and molecular approaches. Background. New tospoviruses infecting bulb crops were detected in Israel and the US in the mid-90s. Their plant host ranges and relationships with thrips vectors showed they differed from the type member of the Tospovirus genus, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Outbreaks of these new viruses caused serious crop losses in both countries, and in agricultural and ornamental crops elsewhere. In the realm of plant infecting viruses, the tospoviruses (genus: Tospovirus , family: Bunyaviridae ) are among the most aggressive emerging viruses. Tospoviruses are transmitted by several species of thrips in a persistent, propagative fashion and the relationships between the viruses and their thrips vectors are often specific. With the emergence of new tospoviruses, new thrips vector/tospovirus relationships have also arisen and vector specificities have changed. There is known specificity between thrips vector species and particular tospoviruses, although the cellular and molecular bases for this specificity have been elusive. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. We demonstrated that a new tospovirus, iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) caused "straw bleaching" in onion (Allium cepa) and lisianthus necrosis in lisianthus (Eustoma russellianum). Characterization of virus isolates revealed genetic diversity among US, Brazilian, Dutch and Israeli isolates. IYSV was not seed transmitted, and in Israel, was not located in bulbs of infected plants. In the US, infected plants were generated from infected bulbs. The relationship between IYSV and Thrips tabaci was shown to be specific. Frankliniella occidentalis, the primary vector of many other tospoviruses, did not transmit IYSV isolates in Israel or the US. Furthermore, 1': tabaci populations varied in their transmission ability. Transmission was correlated to IYSV presence in thrips salivary glands. In Israel, surveys in onion fields revealed that the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman was the predominant species and that its incidence was strongly related to that of IYSV infection. In contrast, in the U.S., T. tabaci and F. occidentalis were present in high numbers during the times sampled. In Israel, insecticides reduced onion thrips population and caused a significant yield increase. In the US, a genetic marker system that differentiates non-thrips transmissible isolates from thrips transmissible isolate demonstrated the importance of the M RNA to thrips transmission of tospoviruses. In addition, a symbiotic Erwinia was discovered in thrips and was shown to cause significant artifacts in certain types of virus binding experiments. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Rapid emergence of distinct tospoviruses and new vector relationships is profoundly important to global agriculture. We advanced the understanding of IYSV in bulb crops and its relationships with thrips vector species. The knowledge gained provided growers with new strategies for control and new tools for studying the importance of particular viral proteins in thrips specificity and transmission efficiency.
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6

Pirone, Thomas P., Benjamin Raccah, and Nor Chejanovsky. Vector Specificity in Potyvirus Transmission: Role of the Helper Component. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586456.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of how potyviruses interact with their aphid vectors. The aim was to design new approaches for prevention of potyvirus spread by aphids. The sub-objectives included: (1). Determination of which of the HCs of different potyviruses effect efficient transmission by specific aphid vectors; (2). Determine regions in the HC that play a role in their compatibility with the vector; (3). Determine the factors within the aphid stylets that modify HC activity in transmission. Background of the topic: Background to the topic: Potyviruses are typical non persistent viruses. They are retained within the vector’s stylets and rapidly lost by the vector. Some potyviruses greatly differ in their ability to be transmitted by different aphid species. The present work centered on analyzing factors that may modify the interactions between the "helper component"(HC), the virions and the aphid species involved. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: It was established that specificity of transmission may depend on aphid species used. It was also shown that specificity may depend on the affinity between HC and virion. However, the attempts to create activechimericTEV/TuMVHCs or ZYMV/TuMVHCs to identify the regions that determine interaction with a specific vector(s), were not successful. More progress was attained in objective 3: In Kentucky, tests were conducted to ascertain retention tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) HC in the stylets of L. erysimicompared to that in M. persicae. Ultra-thin section of stylets of aphids that fed on either TuMVHC or TVMVHC antibodies were treated with gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies.TuMV was seen in 25% the stylets of L. erysimi when they acquired TuMVHC but not when they acquired TVMVHC. In M. persicae, TVMVHC was present in 30% of the stylets. . Transmission with TuMVHC was not affected by treatment with L. erysimi saliva whereas transmission with PVYHC (which also is not functional in L. erysimi) was consistently reduced by about half. Saliva from M. persicaehad essentially no effect on either HC. The possible role aphid cuticle proteins (which are found on the stylets surface) in the association with the potyviralHC was investigated in Israel. This was done adopting two approaches: (a) isolation of cuticular proteins from aphid cuticle; (b) screening for genes encoding cuticular proteins. In the first approach, we succeeded in extracting proteins from whole homogenized M. persicaeusing concentrated urea. The extracted protein served for preparation of anti cuticular antibodies. In overlay experiments it was found that cuticular proteins specifically bind to ZYMVHC. In addition, a cDNA library of M. persicae has been prepared. Genes encoding for cuticular proteins were ascertained using antibodies to cuticular proteins. This allowed reporting the sequence of the first cuticular gene of aphids and comparing it in six aphid species. Implications, scientific and agricultural: Achievements: (1) Proofs were provided for the role of the specificity of the aphid species to the HC of certain potyviruses; (2) aphid’s saliva was found to affects transmission efficiency; (3) cuticle protein genes were isolated for the first time from aphid species and an association of cuticle protein with the potyviralHC was discerned. Agricultural and/or economic impact of the research findings: At this stage of research, our finding do not bear an agricultural or economic impact.
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7

DiJoseph, Patricia, Brian Tetreault, and Marin Kress. AIS data case Study : identifying AIS coverage gaps on the Ohio River in CY2018. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40886.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes a method for evaluating the received coverage from Automatic Identification System (AIS) shore sites and the availability of historic vessel position reports along the Ohio River. The network of AIS shoreside sites installed and operated by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the US Coast Guard (USCG) receive information transmitted from vessels; however, reception of these transmissions is generally line-of-sight between the vessel and the AIS site antenna. Reception may also be affected by factors such as the quality of the transceiver installation aboard the vessel as well as the state of the equipment at the receiving site. Understanding how to define and quantify coverage gaps along the inland river system can inform research utilizing AIS data, provide information on the performance of the AIS network, and provide guidance for efforts to address identified coverage gaps
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8

Roth, Emmanuelle. Key Considerations: 2021 Outbreak of Ebola in Guinea, the Context of N’Zérékoré. SSHAP, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.016.

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This brief summarises key considerations about the social, political and economic context shaping the outbreak of Ebola in the N’Zérékoré prefecture, Guinea, as of March 2021. The outbreak was declared on 14 February 2021, two weeks after the death of the first known case, a health agent (Agent Technique de Santé) from Gouécké. Gouécké is located 40km north of N’Zérékoré via the paved Route Nationale 2. The nurse sought care at a health centre in Gouécké, a clinic and then a traditional healer in N’Zérékoré. She died in N’Zérékoré on 28 January. When they became sick, the relatives of the first known case referred themselves to N’Zérékoré regional hospital, where the disease was transmitted to healthcare workers. Although the potential for transmission in rural areas of the Gouécké subprefecture was high, to date, most cases have been reported in the urban setting of N’Zérékoré, which is the focus of this brief. At the time of writing (22 March), the total number of cases was 18 (14 confirmed, four probable), with nine deaths and six recoveries. The last new case was reported on 4 March.
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9

Nestleroth and Alers. L51946 Enhanced Implementation of MFL Using EMAT Sensors to Detect External Coating Disbondment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010676.

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External coatings are used routinely to protect transmission pipelines from conditions that promote corrosion. However, over time coatings may disbond, allowing corrosion to occur. To detect metal loss due to corrosion defects, transmission pipeline operators often use magnetic flux leakage (MFL) in-line inspection tools. These tools do not detect the cause of an actual problem, i.e., failure of a coating and the presence of a corrosive environment; rather, they detect only the result, i.e., a defect that may permanently alter the pressure capacity of the pipeline. Metal loss is the most common defect that occurs at a disbond; however, it is not the only defect that can occur. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) almost always occurs at disbonds. Information about disbonded and missing coatings, soil models, cathodic protection assessment, and related data could be used to assess a pipeline for the potential of cracking. Direct inspection of the coating could indicate potential problems that could lead to pipeline degradation that affects serviceability. SCC can be detected using in-line inspection technology, but such tools have a limited availability and limited success in natural gas pipelines, and the cost of inspection is high compared to MFL inspection. A novel method for the in-line evaluation of a protective coating on a pipeline was shown to be feasible. The method involves the merging of two technologies, magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). The results of the testing performed at the Pipeline Simulation Facility showed three technical accomplishments. First, EMATs could be designed to work with the magnetic fields produced by an MFL tool, although fields 2 to 3 times greater are usually optimal for EMAT sensors. Second, the EMAT transmitter and receiver could be mounted on an MFL inspection tool without interfering with the corrosion detection sensors. Finally, the EMAT sensors as implemented on the MFL pig could detect missing coating and disbonds on wrapped tar coating. While technical issues remain that would broaden the applicability, the immediate implementation of this technology for specific coating problems is possible.
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10

Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.

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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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