Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transmission properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Transmission properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transmission properties"

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Nakagawa, Kohki, Masanori Takeda, Atsushi Saito, and Hirotaka Terai. "Transmission properties of fishbone-type superconducting transmission lines." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 59, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 110904. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/abbf65.

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Rainal, A. J. "Transmission properties of balanced interconnections." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 16, no. 1 (1993): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/33.214870.

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Xu-Sheng, Wang, Gao Jin-Xiu, and Tang Nan-An. "Optical transmission properties of LiTaO3crystals." Ferroelectrics Letters Section 15, no. 2 (February 1993): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315179308205933.

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Tan, C. C., and N. C. Beaulieu. "Transmission Properties of Conjugate-Root Pulses." IEEE Transactions on Communications 52, no. 4 (April 2004): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2004.826412.

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Hudson, J. A., Enru Liu, and Stuart Crampin. "Transmission Properties of A Plane Fault." Geophysical Journal International 125, no. 2 (May 1996): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1996.tb00018.x.

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Yamashita, Isao, Hitoshi Nagayama, and Koji Tsukuma. "Transmission Properties of Translucent Polycrystalline Alumina." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91, no. 8 (August 2008): 2611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02527.x.

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Haydl, W. H. "Properties of meander coplanar transmission lines." IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters 2, no. 11 (November 1992): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/75.165636.

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Otáhal, M., J. Lukeš, S. Otáhal, and M. Sochor. "Kinematics and transmission properties of spine." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)85229-2.

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Miskovic, Z. L., R. A. English, S. G. Davison, and F. O. Goodman. "Transmission properties of coupled atomic wires." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 9, no. 48 (December 1, 1997): 10749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/9/48/017.

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Copley, J. R. D. "Transmission properties of neutron optical filters." Journal of Neutron Research 2, no. 3 (1994): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10238169408200022.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transmission properties"

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Reisemann, Matthias Heinrich. "Ultrasonic transmission properties of sea ice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624200.

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Sahin, Levent. "Transmission And Propagation Properties Of Novel Metamaterials." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610277/index.pdf.

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Metamaterials attracted significant attention in recent years due to their potential to create novel devices that exhibit specific electromagnetic properties. In this thesis, we investigated transmission and propagation properties of novel metamaterial structures. Electromagnetic properties of metamaterials are characterized and the resonance mechanism of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) structure is investigated. Furthermore, a recent lefthanded metamaterial structure for microwave regime called Fishnet-type metamaterial is studied. We demonstrated the left-handed transmission and negative phase velocity in Fishnet Structures. Finally, we proposed and successfully demonstrated novel approaches that utilize the resonant behavior of SRR structures to enhance the transmission of electromagnetic waves through sub-wavelength apertures at microwave frequency regime. We investigated the transmission enhancement of electromagnetic waves through a sub-wavelength aperture by placing SRR structures in front of the aperture and also by changing the aperture shape as SRR-shaped apertures. The incident electromagnetic wave is effectively coupled to the sub-wavelength aperture causing a strong localization of electromagnetic field in the sub-wavelength aperture. Localized electromagnetic wave gives rise to enhanced transmission from a single sub-wavelength aperture. The proposed structures are designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. The simulations and experimental results are in good agreement and shows significant enhancement of electromagnetic wave transmission through sub-wavelength apertures by utilizing proposed novel structures. Radius (r) of the sub-wavelength aperture is approximately twenty times smaller than the incident wavelength (r/&
#955
~0.05). This is the smallest aperture size to wavelength ratio in the contemporary literature according to our knowledge.
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Jiang, Leaf Alden 1976. "Propagation properties of duobinary transmission in optical fibers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46195.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and, Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-126).
by Leaf Alden Jiang.
B.S.
M.Eng.
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Chen, Jianbing James 1971. "Transmission and reflection properties of layered left-handed materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38681.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-189).
This thesis is concerned with the reflection and transmission properties of layered left-handed materials (LHM). In particular, the reflection properties of (LHM) slabs are studied for the Goos-Hanchen (GH) lateral shift phenomenon. We demonstrate a unique GH lateral shift phenomenon, which shows that both positive and negative shifts can be achieved using the same LHM slab configuration. This phenomenon is different from previously established cases where the GH lateral shift can be only negative or only positive when different LHM slab configurations are used. We also show that there exist two distinct cases with this unique phenomenon. One case has two regions of incident angles where the GH lateral shift directions are different, while another case has three regions with alternated GH shift directions. A generalized analytical formulation for analyzing the GH lateral shift direction is provided, which reveals that this unique phenomenon is related to the relative amplitudes of the growing and decaying evanescent waves inside the LHM slabs. The energy flux patterns within LHM slabs are further studied to show the influence of the evanescent waves on the GH shift direction change.
(cont.) Furthermore, the transmission property of LHM slabs are studied on the finite slabs' maging capability. First, the development of the numerical simulation tool - the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method (FDTD) - investigates the ability of the method to model a perfect lens made of a slab of homogeneous LHM. It is shown that because of the frequency dispersive nature of the medium and the time discretization, an inherent mismatch in the constitutive parameters exists between the slab and its surrounding medium. This mismatch in the real part of the permittivity and permeability is found to have the same order of magnitude as the losses typically used in numerical simulations. Hence, when the LHM slab is lossless, this mismatch is shown to be the main factor contributing to the image resolution loss of the slab. In addition, finite-size LHM slabs are studied both analytically and numerically since they have practical importance in the actual experiments. The analytical method is based on Huygens' principles using truncated current sheets that cover only the apertures of the slabs. It is shown that the main effects on the images' spectra due to the size of the slabs can be predicted by the proposed analytical method, which can, therefore, be used as a fast alternative to numerical simulations.
(cont.) Furthermore, the property of negative energy streams at the image plane is also investigated. This unique property is found to be due to the interactions between propagating and evanescent waves and can only occur with LHM slabs, of both finite-size and infinite size. The last part of the thesis deals with multi-layered media for the application to antenna isolations. The setup is with two horn antennas located beneath the ground plane with 10 A distance apart. In order to reduce the coupling between antennas, multi-layered media placed on top of the ground plane need to be designed to suppress the fields. After the problem is simplified to the dipole antenna coupling in infinite slabs, the method to evaluate the fields inside layered media is presented. This method obtains the spectral domain Green's function first and then transforms the fields to the spatial domain using the Sommerfeld-type integration. After the method is validated using right-handed materials (RHM) from references, it is extended to include media like LHM as well as p. negative material and : negative material . The validation with these materials are done by comparing the results with CST microwave studio simulations. The first configuration for the antenna isolation design if one layer slab backed by the grounded plane. Two different approaches are used to find the optimum slab parameters for the isolation.
(cont.) One approach is to use Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the slab's constitutive parameters and the thickness for a minimum coupling level. The other approach is to develop an analytic asymptotic expression for the field, and then used the expression to design the slab parameters for the best isolation. We conclude that both approaches yield the same design for the given configuration. The effectiveness of the design is also validated on a grounded finite slab, which is the representation of the actual application. Finally, multi-layered media for the antenna isolation is studied. GA method is applied with an optimization scheme tailed for a five layered structure. We show that GA converges very fast to the solution and the result yields satisfactory isolation between the antennas.
by Jianbing James Chen.
Ph.D.
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Coneybeer, Robert T. "Transient thermal models for substation transmission components." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17686.

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Weis, R. Stephen. "Electromagnetic transmission and reflection characteristics of anisotropic multilayered structures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13546.

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Paul, John. "Modelling of general electromagnetic material properties in TLM." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267589.

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Woo, Kwangje. "Transmission properties of sub-wavelength hole arrays in metal films." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015340.

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Bilge, Serafettin. "Transmission Properties Of Fishnet Structure As A Left Handed Metamaterial." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610467/index.pdf.

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Left handed metamaterials are one of the most populer topic attracting attentions of scientists nowadays. Metamaterials are engineered materials which can possess inordinary properties when compared with common materials existing in nature. The main structure investigated in this thesis is fishnet metamaterial which is a left handed metamaterial. Firstly some left handed metamaterials and their properties are surveyed. A retrieval procedure in order to obtain permittivity, permeability and refractive index of any periodic material was summarized. Left handedness of fishnet structure was investigated and proven numerically. Effects of change in polarization of an incoming wave to symmetric and asymmetric fishnet structure were searched. A parametric analysis of fishnet structure was done. Phase advance in a three layered fishnet structure was investigated and compared with phase advance in an ordinary material. Fishnet wedge structure was surveyed and negative refraction and negative phase advance in this structure are shown. Finally, some types of disorderness of fishnet structure, then its effects on transmission results and retrieval results are demonstrated. In order to obtain transmission and reflection through a material, CST Microwave Studio®
was used. A code following a numerical procedure in order to retrieve constitutive parameters of a periodic structure which was written in Matlab®
was used in this thesis.
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Ramanathan, Sathish Kumar. "Sound transmission properties of honeycomb panels and double-walled structures." Doctoral thesis, KTH, MWL Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96538.

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Sandwich panels with aluminium face sheets and honeycomb core material have certain advantages over panels made of wood. Some of the advantages of these constructions are low weight, good moisture properties, fire resistance and high stiffness to-weight ratio etc. As product development is carried out in a fast pace today, there is a strong need for validated prediction tools to assist during early design stages. In this thesis, tools are developed for predicting the sound transmission through honeycomb panels, typical for inner floors in trains and later through double-walled structures typical for rail-vehicles, aircrafts and ships. The sandwich theory for wave propagation and standard orthotropic plate theory is used to predict the sound transmission loss of honeycomb panels. Honeycomb is an anisotropic material which when used as a core in a sandwich panel, results in a panel with anisotropic properties. In this thesis, honeycomb panels are treated as being orthotropic and the wavenumbers are calculated for the two principal directions. The wavenumbers are then used to calculate the sound transmission using standard orthotropic theory. These predictions are validated with results from sound transmission measurements. The influence of constrained layer damping treatments on the sound transmission loss of these panels is investigated. Results show that, after the damping treatment, the sound transmission loss of an acoustically bad panel and a normal pane lare very similar. Further, sound transmission through a double-leaf partition based on a honeycomb panel with periodic stiffeners is investigated. The structural response of the periodic structure due to a harmonic excitation is expressed in terms of a series of space harmonics and virtual work theory is applied to calculate the sound transmission. The original model is refined to include sound absorption in the cavity and to account for the orthotropic property of the honeycomb panels. Since the solution of the space harmonic analysis is obtained in a series form, a sufficient number of terms has to be included in the calculation to ensure small errors. Computational accuracy needs to be balanced with computational cost as calculation times increases with the number of terms. A new criterion is introduced which reduces the computational time by up to a factor ten for the panels studied. For all the double-leaf systems analysed, the sound transmission loss predictions from the periodic model with the space harmonic expansion method are shown to compare well with laboratory measurements.

QC 20120607

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Books on the topic "Transmission properties"

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M, Tritt Terry, ed. Thermal conductivity: Theory, properties, and applications. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2004.

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Chemieingenieurwesen, VDI-Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und. VDI heat atlas. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

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Péter, Vadász, ed. Emerging topics in heat and mass transfer in porous media: From bioengineering and microelectronics to nanotechnology. [Dordrecht]: Springer, 2008.

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Naqui, Jordi. Symmetry Properties in Transmission Lines Loaded with Electrically Small Resonators. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24566-9.

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Kaviany, M. Principles of heat transfer in porous media. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Kaviany, M. Principles of heat transfer in porous media. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Kania, Stanisław. Przepływ ciepła przez materiały drzewne. Wrocław: Wydawn. Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 1990.

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V, Marchenko N., and Sheĭndlin Aleksandr Efimovich, eds. Perenos ėnergii v chastichno prozrachnykh tverdykh materialakh. Moskva: "Nauka", 1985.

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A, Thompson Richard. Computer codes for the evaluation of thermodynamic and transport properties for equilibrium air to 30000 K. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.

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A, Tabunschikov I͡U. Mathematical models of thermal conditions in buildings. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transmission properties"

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Zaitsev, Alexander M. "Reflection and Transmission." In Optical Properties of Diamond, 13–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04548-0_2.

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Brown, A. G. "General Properties of Synaptic Transmission." In Nerve Cells and Nervous Systems, 53–59. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3345-2_5.

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Kapron, Felix P. "Transmission Properties of Optical Fibers." In Optoelectronic Technology and Lightwave Communications Systems, 3–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7035-2_1.

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Chtchelkatchev, N. M., T. I. Baturina, A. Glatz, and V. M. Vinokur. "Synchronized Andreev Transmission in Chains of SNS Junctions." In Physical Properties of Nanosystems, 87–107. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0044-4_7.

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Oszwałdowski, R. "Optical Absorption and Carrier Transmission in Heterostructures." In Optical Properties of Semiconductor Nanostructures, 85–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4158-1_9.

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Keller, Reto B. "Transmission Lines." In Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell, 65–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14186-7_7.

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AbstractIn EMC, it is essential to understand the concept of transmission lines and when to apply it. Because once a signal interconnection line exceeds a critical length lcritical [m], impedance matching ( $$ \underline {Z}_{source}$$ Z ̲ s o u r c e , $$ \underline {Z}_{line}$$ Z ̲ l i n e , $$ \underline {Z}_{load}$$ Z ̲ l o a d ) must be considered to prevent reflections and ringing, thus preventing unwanted radiated emissions and bad signal quality—a signal integrity topic.This chapter introduces transmission lines and their most important properties.
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Konyo, Masashi. "Remote Transmission of Multiple Tactile Properties." In Pervasive Haptics, 285–303. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55772-2_19.

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Lekishvili, N., L. Nadareishvili, G. Zaikov, L. Khananashvili, J. S. Vygodsky, and Sh A. Samsonya. "Properties of PGs as information transmission channels1." In Polymers and Polymeric Materials for Fiber and Gradient Optics, 95–100. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070686-5.

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Garrett, Steven L. "Reflection, Transmission, and Refraction." In Understanding Acoustics, 513–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_11.

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Abstract The behavior of one-dimensional waves propagating through media that are not homogeneous will be the focus of this chapter. We start with an examination of the behavior of planewaves impinging on a planar interface between two fluid media with different properties and then extend that analysis to multiple interfaces and to waves that impinge on such an interface from an angle that is not perpendicular to that surface. The extent of those boundaries separating regions with different acoustical properties will be much larger than the wavelength of the sound. Many cases to be examined here will assume that the extent of the boundary is infinite and the wave incident on such an interface will be both reflected back into the medium from which it originated and be transmitted into the second medium on the other side of the interface. This exploration concludes with consideration of wave propagation through a medium whose properties change slowly and continuously through space resulting in curved ray paths. If the variation of sound speed is linear with height or depth, then the ray paths are arcs of circles. Complicated sound speed profiles will be approximated by piecewise-linear segments that have constant sound speed gradients.
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Cruz-Sánchez, F. F. "Antigenic determinant properties of neurofibrillary tangles Relevance to progressive supranuclear palsy." In Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa, 165–78. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6641-3_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transmission properties"

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Berenstein, Yair, Michael F. Dolan, and Warren Stewart. "Properties and Performance of Ductile Iron Poles." In Electrical Transmission and Substation Structures 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484463.034.

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Dayhoff, J. E. "Regularity properties in pulse transmission networks." In 1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137964.

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Gibson, Daniel J., and James A. Harrington. "Transmission properties of hollow glass waveguides." In Photonics East '99, edited by Mohammed Saad and James A. Harrington. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.372796.

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Liu Heng, Zhaoyang Zeng, and Yimin Guo. "Microwave transmission properties of conductive slabs." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988775.

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Collier, R. "Structures and properties of transmission lines." In 14th IEE Microwave Measurements Training Course. IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20050148.

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Ren, Fanglin, Qun Lou, and Zhi Ning Chen. "Transmission Properties Analysis of Huygens' Metasurface." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps/ursi47566.2021.9704182.

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Zhang, Liwei, Yewen Zhang, and Youzhen wang. "Transmission Properties of ENG-MNG Structure Based On CRLH Transmission Line." In >2006 Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2006.368471.

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Huang, Jin, Zhen Qiao, and Beibei Fan. "Properties of MR Transmission under Thermal Affect." In 2015 International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing and Industrial Application. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icamia-15.2015.2.

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Wang, Weijian. "Transmission properties of holographic Fabry-Perot filters." In SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Tomasz Jannson. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221264.

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Xie, Wenkai, Xi Chen, Lin Meng, Xinyan Gao, and Shenggang Liu. "Electron-beam transmission properties in plasma channel." In AeroSense 2002, edited by Howard E. Brandt. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.469835.

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Reports on the topic "Transmission properties"

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Mihalczo, J. T., L. D. Phillips, G. D. Ellis, and T. E. Valentine. Neutron transmission properties of concrete for a HEU storage vault from time of flight transmission measurements with a {sup 252}Cf source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/183135.

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Hazelton, C., J. Rice, L. L. Snead, and S. J. Zinkle. Effect of neutron radiation on the dielectric, mechanical and thermal properties of ceramics for RF transmission windows. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/304183.

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Cao Romero, Julio A., Jorge Reyes-Avendaño, Julio Soriano, Leonardo Farfan-Cabrera, and Ali Erdemir. A Pin-on-Disc Study on the Electrified Sliding Wear of EVs Powertrain Gears. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0320.

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In contrast to conventional powertrains from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), the tribological performance of powertrains of electric vehicles (EVs) must be further evaluated by considering new critical operating conditions such as electrical environments. The operation of any type of electric motor produces shaft voltages and currents due to various hardware configurations and factors. Furthermore, the common application of inverters intensifies this problem. It has been reported that the induced shaft voltages and currents can cause premature failure problems in tribological components such as bearings and gears due to accelerated wear and/or fatigue. It is ascribed to effects of electric discharge machining (EDM), also named, sparking wear caused by shaft currents and poor or increasingly diminishing dielectric strength of lubricants. A great effort has been done to study this problem in bearings, but it has not yet been the case for gears. Considering that EVs powertrains can be configurated with an electric motor coupled to a single-speed or multi-speed transmission, it is expected that shaft currents can also affect gears to some extent. The pin-on-disc test has been widely used to study sliding wear of gear materials under comparable or realistic operating conditions. This accelerated test is effective for screening materials, lubricants and operating conditions allowing evaluations of their friction and wear properties. However, it has not been implemented for studying gear materials under electrified environments. Thus, this paper aims to explore the friction coefficient and wear of gear materials under non-electrified and electrified sliding in a pin-on-disc tester applying typical of EVs powertrain shaft currents during sliding. The tests were carried out at two different DC currents under comparable gear dry and lubricated sliding contact conditions. Friction coefficient, wear volumes and morphologies were evaluated and reported in this work.
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Russo, David, and William A. Jury. Characterization of Preferential Flow in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580681.bard.

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Preferential flow appears to be the rule rather than the exception in field soils and should be considered in the quantitative description of solute transport in the unsaturated zone of heterogeneous formations on the field scale. This study focused on both experimental monitoring and computer simulations to identify important features of preferential flow in the natural environment. The specific objectives of this research were: (1) To conduct dye tracing and multiple tracer experiments on undisturbed field plots to reveal information about the flow velocity, spatial prevalence, and time evolution of a preferential flow event; (2) To conduct numerical experiments to determine (i) whether preferential flow observations are consistent with the Richards flow equation; and (ii) whether volume averaging over a domain experiencing preferential flow is possible; (3) To develop a stochastic or a transfer function model that incorporates preferential flow. Regarding our field work, we succeeded to develop a new method for detecting flow patterns faithfully representing the movement of water flow paths in structured and non-structured soils. The method which is based on application of ammonium carbonate was tested in a laboratory study. Its use to detect preferential flow was also illustrated in a field experiment. It was shown that ammonium carbonate is a more conservative tracer of the water front than the popular Brilliant Blue. In our detailed field experiments we also succeeded to document the occurrence of preferential flow during soil water redistribution following the cessation of precipitation in several structureless field soils. Symptoms of the unstable flow observed included vertical fingers 20 - 60 cm wide, isolated patches, and highly concentrated areas of the tracers in the transmission zone. Soil moisture and tracer measurements revealed that the redistribution flow became fingered following a reversal of matric potential gradient within the wetted area. Regarding our simulation work, we succeeded to develop, implement and test a finite- difference, numerical scheme for solving the equations governing flow and transport in three-dimensional, heterogeneous, bimodal, flow domains with highly contrasting soil materials. Results of our simulations demonstrated that under steady-state flow conditions, the embedded clay lenses (with very low conductivity) in bimodal formations may induce preferential flow, and, consequently, may enhance considerably both the solute spreading and the skewing of the solute breakthrough curves. On the other hand, under transient flow conditions associated with substantial redistribution periods with diminishing water saturation, the effect of the embedded clay lenses on the flow and the transport might diminish substantially. Regarding our stochastic modeling effort, we succeeded to develop a theoretical framework for flow and transport in bimodal, heterogeneous, unsaturated formations, based on a stochastic continuum presentation of the flow and a general Lagrangian description of the transport. Results of our analysis show that, generally, a bimodal distribution of the formation properties, characterized by a relatively complex spatial correlation structure, contributes to the variability in water velocity and, consequently, may considerably enhance solute spreading. This applies especially in formations in which: (i) the correlation length scales and the variances of the soil properties associated with the embedded soil are much larger than those of the background soil; (ii) the contrast between mean properties of the two subdomains is large; (iii) mean water saturation is relatively small; and (iv) the volume fraction of the flow domain occupied by the embedded soil is relatively large.
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5

Bendikov, Michael, and Thomas C. Harmon. Development of Agricultural Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591738.bard.

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In this 1-year feasibility study, we tried polymerization of several different monomers, commercial as well as novel, specially designed and synthesized for this project in the presence of the nitrate ion to produce imprinted conductive polymers. Polymers 1 and 2 (shown below) produced a response to nitrate, but one inferior to that produced by a polypyrrole (Ppy)-based sensor (which we demonstrated prior to this study). Thus, we elected to proceed with improving the stability of the Ppy-based sensor. In order to improve stability of the Ppy-based sensor, we created a two-layer design which includes nitrate-doped Ppy as an inner layer, and nitrate-doped PEDOT as the outer layer. PEDOT is known for its high environmental stability and conductivity. This design has demonstrated promise, but is still undergoing optimization and stability testing. Previously we had failed to create nitrate-doped PEDOT in the absence of a Ppy layer. Nitrate-doped PEDOT should be very promising for sensor applications due to its high stability and exceptional sensing properties as we showed previously for sensing of perchlorate ions (by perchlorate-doped PEDOT). During this year, we have succeeded in preparing nitrate-doped PEDOT (4 below) by designing a new starting monomer (compound 3 below) for polymerization. We are currently testing this design for nitrate sensing. In parallel with the fabrication design studies, we fabricated and tested nitrate-doped Ppy sensors in a series of flow studies under laboratory and field conditions. Nitrate-doped Ppy sensors are less stable than is desirable but provide excellent nitrate sensing characteristics for the short-term experiments focusing on packaging and deployment strategies. The fabricated sensors were successfully interfaced with a commercial battery-powered self-logging (Onset Computer Hobo Datalogger) and a wireless data acquisition and transmission system (Crossbow Technologies MDA300 sensor interface and Mica2 wireless mote). In a series of flow-through experiments with water, the nitrate-doped Ppy sensors were exposed to pulses of dissolved nitrate and compared favorably with an expensive commercial sensor. In 24-hour field tests in both Merced and in Palmdale, CA agricultural soils, the sensors responded to introduced nitrate pulses, but with different dynamics relative to the larger commercial sensors. These experiments are on-going but suggest a form factor (size, shape) effect of the sensor when deployed in a porous medium such as soil. To fill the need for a miniature reference electrode, we identified and tested one commercial version (Cypress Systems, ESA Mini-reference electrode) which works well but is expensive ($190). To create an inexpensive miniature reference electrode, we are exploring the use of AgCl-coated silver wire. This electrode is not a “true” reference electrode; however, it can calibrated once versus a commercial reference electrode at the time of deployment in soil. Thus, only one commercial reference electrode would suffice to support a multiple sensor deployment.
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6

POWER FLOW ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE U-RIB STIFFENED PLATES BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF STRUCTURAL INTENSITY. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.061.

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Due to its advantages of good mechanical properties, simple appearance and strong adaptability, the steel box girder is being widely utilized in urban bridges. The noise radiated by steel box girders subjected to vehicle impacts has the characteristics of wide-spectrum, high-magnitude and control difficulty. U-rib stiffened roof, as a part of the steel box girder, directly bears the input load, which is the basis of studying the vibration of the steel box girder. Currently, the investigation on the vibro-acoustic performance of U-rib plates is very limited. With this regard, this paper introduces the concept of Structural Intensity (SI). The SI vector is calculated by the Finite Element (FE) method. The power flow is visualized by the self-programming post-processing code. The global and local vibration energy transmission characters of a U-rib stiffened plate under a harmonic nodal force are analyzed. Further, the influence of plate thickness is investigated. The optimum design is carried out based on the engineering standard dimensions. The research results indicate that increasing the thickness ratio of the U-rib to the baseplate is beneficial to reducing the vibration.
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