Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transmission problem'
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Ali, Habib K. "Mathematical modelling of the optimal power dispatch problem." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21285.
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This thesis is concerned with the optimum operating conditions in a power system. The various aspects of the problem are modelled and solved as a number of optimization problems applying linear programming techniques. A generalized linear mathematical model has been developed for this purpose. A two-stage formulation is adopted to represent the various problems considered. In each case one power system quantity is chosen as an objective function to be optimized under a number of constraints and operating limits relating to the power system relationships and upper and lower bounds on the variables. These include constraints derived from the power flow equations and transmission network capacity. Limits are also imposed on bus voltage magnitudes and generator outputs. With the appropriate selection of the combination of objective function and constraints, the model can be used to minimize the overall generation cost, the total system losses or the total reactive power generation. The two-stage modelling of the problem also allows optimizing two different objective functions at the same time. Two such combinations are possible. In one case the total system losses can be minimized in the first stage and the generation cost minimized in the second stage. The other combination minimizes the total system reactive power output and the active power generation cost. Using the same model, the problem is then solved using decomposition techniques. These imply breaking up the original problem into a number of smaller problems that can be solved almost independently. The mathematical model has been developed in general terms and the associated computer program is written for a general power system. A sample system of medium size has been used to test the validity of the various aspects of the suggested model and produce numerical results.
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Smith, William Corbett. "Production costing with transmission constraints." Ohio : Ohio University, 1989. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182517746.
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PEREIRA, FELIPE ERNESTO LAMM. "TRANSMISSION CONGESTION ANALYSIS APPLIED ON VOLTAGE SECURITY REINFORCEMENT PROBLEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3953@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORApós a incidência de inúmeros colapsos ocorridos nos sistemas de transmissão de energia devido ao uso extremo das linhas de transmissão, a estabilidade, ou mais adequadamente, a segurança de tensão tornou-se um assunto importante ao longo dos últimos anos. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de complementar um método de reforço das condições de estabilidade de tensão. O método consta de ações de controle para diminuir o fluxo de potência ativa no ramo crítico do caminho de transmissão mais carregado associado a uma barra crítica, conceitos estes apresentados nesta dissertação. Para o propósito citado, e considerando que o problema de estabilidade de tensão causa restrições nos fluxos de potência na rede de transmissão, são estudados métodos que analisam o congestionamento dessas redes. Se destacam algoritmos que, a partir dos fluxos de potência ativa e reativa que deixam um gerador, ou que chegam a uma carga, determinam a distribuição nos ramos de um sistema de transmissão, e o algoritmo que avalia os impactos no sistema de transmissão devido a uma determinada transação, entre barras geradoras e/ou de cargas. São mostrados exemplos numéricos que ilustram a possibilidade ou não da adequação destes métodos para o problema do reforço das condições de segurança de tensão.
After a number of collapses due to the extreme use of the transmission lines, the voltage stability, or voltage security, became an important issue. This work was developed in order to contribute to a voltage security reinforcement method. The method calculates control actions to decrease the power flowing through the critical branch of the most loaded transmission path associated with the critical bus (concepts present in this dissertation). For this propose, and considering that the power flow in a transmission network may be restricted by voltage stability limits, transmission congestion analysis methods were study. Two of them deal with the contribution of real and reactive outflows of individual generator buses, and real and reactive inflows of individual load buses, in all network branches. Another method assess the impact of a given power transaction on the network. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate whether it is the possible or not to employ the studied methods in the voltage security reinforcement problem.
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Wasyk, Rebecca Dawn. "Numerical Solution of a Transmission Problem with Prefractal Interface." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/407.
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"Certain physical problems in electrostatics, magnetostatics, and heat transfer give rise to elliptic boundary value problems with transmission conditions on a layer. We focus on a particular problem with a second order transmission condition, representing an infinitely conductive layer. To approximate irregular layers that may naturally arise, a sequence of layers that converge to the fractal von Koch curve is considered. The solution to this transmission problem with a prefractal layer exhibits singularities due to the transmission condition across the layer as well as the reentrant corners introduced in the domain by the prefractal curve. To solve this problem numerically using a finite element method, the mesh must be adjusted to account for these singularities. We exhibit a general algorithm for creating a finite element discretization of the domain that results in linear convergence of the numerical solution to the true solution in a suitable norm."
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Peabody, Alan Bowe. "Applying shock damping to the problem of transmission line cascades." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84308.
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Early in the 20th Century, the design and construction of high-voltage overhead electric power lines began. In the nearly 100 years since those first lines were built, the progressive collapse of large numbers of structures has been a continuing problem. These large progressive collapses are known today as cascades.While not all structural failures result in cascades, longitudinal cascades begin with a failure in the structural system that maintains tension in the overhead wires. These failures are represented most simply by a broken wire. Broken wires cause dynamic loads on the towers much higher than the intact wire tensions.
This research tests the hypothesis that adding supplemental springs and mechanical dampers to electric transmission towers can help control the dynamic forces on towers that lead to cascades. Two new methods of incorporating springs and dampers into towers were invented: the "post spring-damper" and the "rotating crossarm spring-damper." A case study modeling a typical 230 kV line using the finite element dynamics program ADINA (ADINA 2003) was used to test these two new methods.
Both the post spring-damper and the rotating crossarm spring-damper proved to be effective. They substantially reduce the peak dynamic loads while dissipating a large fraction of the total energy released by broken wires.
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Cossonnière, Anne. "Valeurs propres de transmission et leur utilisation dans l'identification d'inclusions à partir de mesures électromagnétiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0011/document.
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La théorie des problèmes de diffraction inverses pour les ondes acoustiques et électromagnétiques est un domaine de recherche très actif qui a connu des avancées significatives ces dernières années. La Linear Sampling Method (LSM), permettant de reconstituer la forme d’un objet à partir de sa réponse acoustique ou électromagnétique avec peu de données a priori sur les propriétés physiques de l’objet, a révélé l’existence de fréquences de résonance appelées valeurs propres de transmission, pour lesquelles cette méthode échoue dans le cas d’objets diffractants pénétrables. Ces fréquences particulières peuvent être étudiées à partir d’un nouveau type de problème appelé problème de transmission intérieur. Ces valeurs propres s’avèrent utiles dans le problème d’identification puisqu’elles peuvent aussi être calculées à partir des mesures à l’infini et quelles apportent des informations qualitatives sur les propriétés physiques de l’objet. Dans cette thèse, nous prouvons l’existence et le caractère discret de l’ensemble des valeurs propres de transmission pour deux nouvelles configurations, correspondant aux cas où l’objet diffractant pénétrable contient une cavité ou un conducteur parfait. De plus, nous proposons une nouvelle approche utilisant les équations intégrales permettant de calculer numériquement les valeurs propres de transmissionThe theory of inverse scattering for acoustic or electromagnetic waves is an active area of research with significant developments in the past few years. The Linear Sampling Method (LSM) is a method that allows the reconstruction of the shape of an object from its acoustic or electromagnetic response with a few a priori knowledge on the physical properties of the scatterer. However, this method fails for resonance frequencies called transmission eigenvalues in the case of penetrable objects. These transmission eigenvalues are the eigenvalues of a new type of problem called the interior transmission problem. Their main feature is that not only they can give information on the physical properties of the scatterer but they can also be computed from far field measurements. In this thesis, we prove the existence and the discreteness of the set of transmission eigenvalues for two new configurations corresponding to the cases of a scatterer containing a cavity or a perfect conductor. A new approach using surface integral equations is also developed to compute numerically transmission eigenvalues for general geometries
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Escobar, Vargas Laura Mónica. "Specialized models for the long-term transmission network expansion planning problem /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180548.
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Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero LázaroResumo: A análise de sistemas altamente complexos quando e analizado o problema de planejamento de expansão de redes de transmissão de longo prazo, é o foco principal deste trabalho. Os modelos e metodos propostos são aplicados ao problema de planejamento estático tradicional, que é um problema de otimização matemática classificado como NP-completo, não-linear inteiro misto. O qual envolve no investimento, variáveis operacionais contínuas e variáveis inteiras. O comportamento normal de cada sistema pode conter informação essencial para a criação de novos métodos, como os planos de corte baseados em cortes de diferença de ângulos para problemas de grande escala, o que é a base é o ponto de partida deste trabalho, derivando em desigualdades válidas é ciclos críticos. Os cortes angulares básicos reduzem o espaço de busca do problema e o tempo total de cálculo deste problema, enquanto ao método de inequações válidas que pode ser usado para fornecer limites inferiores sólidos no investimento ótimo do planejamento de transmissão, já que a diferença entre o modelo DC (modelo exato) e o modelo de transporte (modelo mais relaxado) são as restrições angulares. Os ciclos críticos têm sido desenvolvidos para melhoraralguns dos modelos tradicionais do problemas de planejamento da expansão da rede de transmissão de longo prazo. A razão por trás disso é a ausência da segunda lei de Kirchhoff, que completa a representação do sistema, mas aumenta a complexidade. Para resolver os problemas resultantes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The analysis of highly complex systems when solving the long-term transmission network expansion planning problem is the main focus of this work. The proposed improved models and methodology are applied to the traditionalstatic planning problem, which is a mathematical optimization problem classified as NP-complete and mixed-integer nonlinear problem. It involves continuousoperating variables and integer investment variables. The normal behavior of each system can be shown essential information to the creation of new methods, as the cutting-planes based in bus-angle difference cuts for large-scale problems which were the starting point of this work, deriving in valid inequalities and critic cycles. The angular cuts aim to reduce the search space of the problem and the total computation time of this NP-hard problem as for the valid inequalities methodthat can be used to provide strong lower bounds on the optimal investment of the transmissionplanning, since the difference between the DC model (exact model) and the transport model (more relaxed model) are the angular constraints. Critic cycles has been develop in order to improve some of the traditional long-term transmission network expansion planning problem models. The reason behind it is the absence of second Kirchhoff’s law which completes the representationof the system, but increase the complexity. In order to solve the resulting problems, this work uses the modeling language AMPL with the solver CPLEX. In test systems w... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Al-awaji, Saleh Hussein. "Investigation and comparison of solution methods of the unit commitment problem for thermal units." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21293.
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This thesis deals with a general investigation and comparison of methods of solution of the unit commitment problem for thermal generating units. An intensive mathematical model for this problem has been developed and presented. The most commonly implemented methods for solving the problem of unit commitment were reviewed and discussed. Every reviewed method had been coded in FORTRAN 77 on a VAX11/785 machine. On the basis of the results obtained, a comprehensive comparison of the different methods ha; been carried out. For the comparison to be realistic and practical, each method was tested on three power systems of different sizes. As a result of the comparison, the unit commitment problem for a case study system has been solved by using the most appropriate method(s) from those discussed in the thesis. A new approach for solving the problem has also been proposed and tested.
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Roberts, T. Dale (Terrance Dale) Carleton University Dissertation Computer Science. "Learning automata solutions to the capacity assignment problem." Ottawa, 1997.
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Tomiyama, Elias Kento 1981. "Estudo do aspecto locacional da alocação de custos da transmissão = Study of the locational aspect in the transmission cost allocation problem." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/262018.
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Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Castro JúniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta quatro metodologias de alocação de custos da transmissão: Pro rata (PR), Divisão Proporcional (PS), Zbus-médio (Zbus_AVG) e Nodal. Enquanto a primeira desconsidera o aspecto locacional e aloca os custos baseado apenas na quantidade de potência produzida pelos geradores e consumida pelas cargas, as últimas três levam em conta este aspecto, ou seja, as tarifas pagas por geradores e cargas dependem do seu ponto de conexão na rede elétrica. Através de simulações computacionais são levantadas várias situações de operação no sentido de avaliar a influência e as possíveis implicações de ordem regulatória, política, econômica e social de um país provocadas pela inclusão do aspecto locacional na definição das tarifas de uso do sistema de transmissão. Por fim, mostra-se a possibilidade de se considerar as tarifas pagas pelos agentes do sistema como um critério de decisão a mais no problema do planejamento da expansão da transmissão
Abstract: This dissertation describes four transmission cost allocation methodologies: Pro rata (PR), Proportional sharing (PS), Zbus-average (Zbus_AVG) and Nodal. While the first one disregards the locational aspect and allocates costs based only on the amount of power delivered by generators and consumed by loads, the last three ones take this aspect into account, i.e. charges are dependent on where generators and demands are connected in the network. Several computer simulations were made in order to assess the influence of the locational aspect into transmission pricing scheme and the results were used for a critical analysis, including political, regulatory, economic and social aspects. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using the fees paid by transmission system agents as an additional criterion for the Transmission Expansion Planning problem
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Wunder, Gerhard. "A theoretical framework for the peak to average power control problem in OFDM transmission." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970360150.
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MacKay, Cameron. "An optimisation approach to the frequency-domain inverse problem for a nonuniform transmission line." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410242.
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Mitchell-Colgan, Elliott. "Modeling Considerations for the Long-Term Generation and Transmission Expansion Power System Planning Problem." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78068.
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Judicious Power System Planning ensures the adequacy of infrastructure to support continuous reliability and economy of power system operations. Planning processes have a long and rather successful history in the United States, but the recent infl‚ux of unpredictable, nondispatchable generation such as Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) necessitates the re-evaluation of the merit of planning methodologies in the changing power system context. Traditionally, planning has followed a logical progression through generation, transmission, reactive power, and finally auxiliary system planning using expertise and ranking schemes. However, it is challenging to incorporate all of the inherent dependencies between expansion candidates' system impacts using these schemes. Simulation based optimization provides a systematic way to explore acceptable expansion plans and choose one or several "best" plans while considering those complex dependencies.
Using optimization to solve the minimum-cost, reliability-constrained Generation and Transmission Expansion Problem (GTEP) is not a new concept, but the technology is not mature. This work inspects: load uncertainty modeling; sequential (GEP then TEP) versus unified (GTEP) models; and analyzes the impact on the methodologies achieved near-optimal plan. A sensitivity simulation on the original system and final, upgraded system is performed.Master of Science
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Axelsson, Andreas, and kax74@yahoo se. "Transmission problems for Dirac's and Maxwell's equations with Lipschitz interfaces." The Australian National University. School of Mathematical Sciences, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050106.093019.
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The aim of this thesis is to give a mathematical framework for scattering of electromagnetic waves by rough surfaces. We prove that the Maxwell transmission problem with a weakly Lipschitz interface,in finite energy norms, is well posed in Fredholm sense for real frequencies. Furthermore, we give precise conditions on the material constants ε, μ and σ and the frequency ω when this transmission problem is well posed. To solve the Maxwell transmission problem, we embed Maxwells equations in an elliptic Dirac equation. We develop a new boundary integral method to solve the Dirac transmission problem. This method uses a boundary integral operator, the rotation operator, which factorises the double layer potential operator. We prove spectral estimates for this rotation operator in finite energy norms using Hodge decompositions on weakly Lipschitz domains. To ensure that solutions to the Dirac transmission problem indeed solve Maxwells equations, we introduce an exterior/interior derivative operator acting in the trace space. By showing that this operator commutes with the two basic reflection operators, we are able to prove that the Maxwell transmission problem is well posed. We also prove well-posedness for a class of oblique Dirac transmission problems with a strongly Lipschitz interface, in the L_2 space on the interface. This is shown by employing the Rellich technique, which gives angular spectral estimates on the rotation operator.
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Shi, Qiang. "Sharp estimates of the transmission boundary value problem for dirac operators on non-smooth domains." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4358.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 1, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sousa, Neto Gilcenio Rodrigues de. "Desigualdade de Carleman global para uma Equação da Onda de Transmissão e Aplicação a um Problema Inverso." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7417.
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We consider a transmission wave equation in two embedded domains in R2, where the speed is a1 > 0 in the inner domain and a2 > 0 in the outer domain. We prove a global Carleman inequality for this problem under the hypothesis that the inner domain is strongly convex and a1 > a2. As a consequence of this inequality, uniqueness and Lipschitz stability are obtained for the inverse problem of retrieving a stationary potential for the wave equation with Dirichlet data and discontinuous principal coeficient from a single time dependent Neumann boundary measurement.
Considerando uma equação da onda de transmissão em dois domínios imersos em R2, onde a velocidade é a1 > 0 no domínio interior e a2 > 0 no domínio exterior, provamos uma desigualdade de Carleman global para este problema sobre a hipótese de o domínio interior ser fortemente convexo e a1 > a2. Como consequência dessa desigualdade, são obtidas a unicidade e a estabilidade lipschitziana para o problema inverso de retomar um potencial estacionário para a equação da onda com dados de Dirichlet e coeficiente principal descontínuo. Estes dois resultados são obtidos a partir de um único dado (dependente do tempo) de Neumann na fronteira.
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Abe, Hiroshi. "Visualization of photoacoustic images in a limited-View measuring system using eigenvalues of a photoacoustic transmission matrix." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232314.
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Schormann, Christoph. "Analytische und numerische Untersuchungen bei inversen Transmissionsproblemen zur zeitharmonischen Wellengleichung." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961894423.
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Onofre, Jose Alberto de Mesquita. "Analysis and modeling of the acoustic tomography signal transmission from Davidson Seamount to Sur Ridge : the forward problem." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA376359.
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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1999."September 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Ching-Sang Chiu, Curtis A. Collins. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40). Also Available online.
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Djaziri, Leila. "Diagnostic de défauts d'isolement dans des lignes de transmission électriques : application aux cables de signalisation SNCF." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112134/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la détection de défauts d'isolement dans des lignes de transmission de grandes longueurs. Il s'agit de détecter des défauts non francs liés à l'isolant entre les conducteurs d'un câble de grande longueur qui sont représentés par le paramètre de conductance de fuite. Détecter ces défauts, signes d'un possible futur court-circuit, est un enjeu important mais nécessite une méthode non invasive. Par exemple, dans le cas des câbles de signalisation SNCF, il s'agit de développer une méthode de diagnostic de très faibles conductances de fuite dans les câbles de signalisation le long des voies ferrées compatible avec la circulation des trains. Il faut savoir estimer, à partir de mesures en un seul point du câble, de fortes résistances distribuées sur plusieurs centaines de mètres sans perturber la bande de fréquences du continu à 40 kHz, réservée aux signaux de service. En effet, les câbles de signalisation de la SNCF qui nous intéressent ont une longueur moyenne de 1500 m et sont utilisés dans la bande de fréquence 0-40 kHz. Nous proposons donc une méthode fréquentielle permettant d'estimer de faibles défauts à moyenne fréquence dans des lignes de transmission uniformes avec pertes. Elle repose sur deux idées principales : une analyse fine des effets conjoints de la dissipation et de la dispersion et une méthode de comparaison de deux lignes ayant les mêmes caractéristiques et ne différant que du paramètre de conductance de fuite. Cette méthode de comparaison a été généralisée dans le cas de lignes multiconducteurs en adoptant une démarche statistique.\\Cette thèse a apporté de nouveaux résultats : des formules d'estimation de pertes découlant de l'analyse fine d'une part des effets conjoints de la dissipation et de la dispersion et d'autre part de la méthode de comparaison de deux lignes. Des simulations numériques ont été faites dans les deux cas afin de valider la méthode fréquentielle proposée. Des expériences ont été réalisées afin de valider l'analyse statistique développée dans le cas de lignes multiconducteursThis thesis work focuses on the detection of insulation faults in very long transmission lines. This is detecting soft defects related to the insulation between the conductors of a long cable which are represented by the leakage conductance parameter. Detect these faults, signs of a possible future short-circuit, is an important issue but requires a noninvasive method. For example, in the case of railway signaling cables, it is to develop a method of diagnosis of very low leakage conductances in signaling cables along railways compatible with the movement of trains. Be aware estimate from measurements in one point of the cable, strong resistance distributed over several hundred meters without disturbing the continuous frequency range to 40 kHz, reserved for service signals. Indeed, the signal cables from the train that interest us have an average length 1500 m and are used in the frequency band 0-40 kHz.We propose so a frequency method for estimating low defects to medium frequency in uniform transmission lines with losses. It is based on two main ideas : a detailed analysis of joint effects of dissipation and dispersion and a method of comparing two lines having the same characteristics and differing only leak conductance parameter. This method of comparison was widespread in the case of multiconductor lines by adopting a statistical approach.This thesis has brought new results : losses estimation formulas resulting from the detailed analysis of a share of joint effects of dissipation and dispersion and also the method of comparing two lines. Numerical simulations were made in both cases to validate the proposed frequency method. Experiments were performed to validate the statistical analysis in the case of multiconductor lines
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Kubina, Lindsay M. "Problem solving and social learning in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18258.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Jerome Frieman
Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) live in highly-complex, female-dominated groups called “clans.” Due to their social arrangement, spotted hyenas were a logical species on which to test the social complexity hypothesis. In the present study, they were presented with a series of puzzle boxes designed to test problem-solving behavior. The five puzzles varied in difficulty. All spotted hyenas solved the puzzle with the lowest difficulty level, five out of six solved the medium puzzles at least once, and one out of six solved the high difficulty puzzle. Some decreases in behavior diversity and time working on the puzzles were observed over successful trials; however, the decreases were only significant for successful trials of one medium-level puzzle. Decreases in work time were observed for some unsuccessful trials and the decrease was statistically significant for the highest difficulty puzzle. Overall, spotted hyenas were proficient at problem solving in the present study. Social learning is an important component of a lengthy juvenile period for spotted hyenas, and they have also been shown to influence one another’s feeding behavior. Furthermore, spotted hyenas participate in scramble competition when feeding and forage for and hoard food. In light of these behaviors, social learning was examined using the social transmission of a flavor preference (STFP) procedure. STFP was not observed overall. The sex of the subjects did not significantly influence the results; however, subjects that interacted with each other longer were significantly more likely to show STFP. The STFP procedure may not be sensitive enough to detect social learning in spotted hyenas. Perhaps spotted hyenas have no need to learn STFP due to their digestive and/or immune systems. The results of the current experiments make important contributions to existing knowledge. Data from other species like spotted hyenas are vital for evaluating the generality of the social complexity hypothesis since support thus far has come from data on primates. This study was the first to investigate STFP in a species from the Feliformia suborder. Additionally, finding more evidence that spotted hyenas have advanced cognitive abilities is essential for researchers and zoo personnel who work with spotted hyenas in captivity.
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Nafkha, Amor. "A geometrical approach detector for solving the combinatorial optimisation problem : application in wireless communication systems." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS067.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la résolution du problème classique de décodage d'un mélange linéaire entaché d'un bruit additif gaussien. A partir d'une observation bruitée: y = Hx+b, d'un vecteur d'entiers x mélangé linéairement par une matrice H connue, b étant un vecteur de bruit, on cherche le vecteur x minimisant la distance Euclidienne entre y et le vecteur Hx. Ce problème est réputé NP-complet. Il intervient dans un grand nombre de systèmes de télécommunications (MIMO, MC-CDMA, etc. ). Nous proposons dans cette thèse un algorithme de résolution quasi optimal de ce problème et bien adapté à une implémentation matérielle. Notre démarche s'appuie sur l'utilisation des méthodes classiques de recherche opérationnelle : trouver des points initiaux répartis sur l'espace des solutions possibles et potentiellement proches de la solution optimale (diversification) et effectuer une recherche locale au voisinage des ces points (intensification). Dans ce travail, la diversification est basée sur une approche géométrique utilisant les axes dominants de concentration du bruit. Les performances en terme de taux d'erreur par bit de la méthode proposée sont proches de l'optimum tout en gardant une complexité constante et un degré de parallélisme important. Nous avons étendu cette méthode à la constellation MAQ-16 d'une part, et à la génération d'une décision souple d'autre part. Nous avons étudié l'algorithme proposé du point de vue implémentation matérielle. L'algorithme proposé présente d'une part une nouvelle alternative pour le décodage quasi optimal du mélange bruité et d'autre part un important degré de parallélisme permettant une implémentation efficaceThe demand for mobile communication systems with high data rates and improved link quality for a variety of applications has dramatically increased in recent years. New concepts and methods are necessary in order to cover this huge demand, which counteract or take advantage of the impairments of the mobile communication channel and optimally exploit the limited resources such as bandwidth and power. The problem of finding the least-squares solution to a system of linear equations where the unknown vector is comprised of integers, but the matrix coefficients and given vector are comprised of real numbers, arise in many applications: communications, cryptography, MC-CDMA, MIMO, to name a few. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding is equivalent to finding the closest lattice point in an n-dimensional real space. In general, this problem is known to be non deterministic NP hard. In this thesis, a polynomial-time approximation method called Geometrical Intersection and Selection Detector (GISD) is applied to the MLD problem. Moreover, the proposed approach is based on two complementary "real time" operational research methods: intensification and diversification. Our approach has three important characteristics that make it very attractive for for VLSI implementation. First, It will be shown that the performance of GISD receiver is superior as compared to other sub-optimal detection methods and it provides a good approximation to the optimal detector. Second, the inherent parallel structure of the proposed method leads to a very suitable hardware implementation. Finaly, The GISD allows a near optimal performance with constant polynomial-time, O(n3), computational complexity (unlike the sphere decoding that has exponential-time complexity for low SNR). The proposed Detector can be efficiently employed in most wireless communications systems: MIMO, MC-CDMA, MIMO-CDMA etc. .
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Zheng, Hong. "Efficient Algorithms for the Cell Based Single Destination System Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment Problem." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195304.
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The cell transmission model (CTM) based single destination system optimal dynamic traffic assignment (SD-SO-DTA) model has been widely applied to situations such as mass evacuations on a transportation network. Although formulated as a linear programming (LP) model, embedded multi-period cell network representation yields an extremely large model for real-size networks. As a result, most of these models are not solvable using existing LP solvers. Solutions obtained by LP also involve holding vehicles at certain locations, violating CTM flow dynamics. This doctoral research is aimed at developing innovative algorithms that overcome both computational efficiency and solution realism issues. We first prove that the LP formulation of the SD-SO-DTA problem is equivalent to the earliest arrival flow (EAF), and then develop efficient algorithms to solve EAF. Two variants of the algorithm are developed under different model assumptions and network operating conditions. For the case of time-varying network parameters, we develop a network flow algorithm on a time-expanded network. The main challenge in this approach is to address the issue of having backward wave speed lower than forward wave speed. This situation leads to non-typical constraints involving coefficients with value of less than 1. In this dissertation we develop a new network algorithm to solve this problem in optimal, even with coefficients of value less than 1. Additionally, the developed approach solves for optimal flows that exhibit non-vehicle-holding properties, which is a major breakthrough compared to all existing solution techniques for SD-SODTA. For the case of time-invariant network parameters, we reduce the SD-SO-DTA to a standard EAF problem on a dynamic network, which is constructed on the original roadway network without dividing it into cells. We prove that the EAF under free flow status is one of the optimal solutions of SD-SO-DTA, if cell properties follow a trapezoidal/triangular fundamental diagram. We use chain flows obtained on a static network to induce dynamic flows, an approach applicable to large-scale networks. Another contribution of this research is to provide a simple and practical algorithm solving the EAF with multiple sources, which has been an active research area for many years. Most existing studies involve submodular function optimization as subroutines, and thus are not practical for real-life implementation. This study’s contribution in this regard is the development of a practical algorithm that avoids submodular function optimization. The main body of the given method is comprised of |S⁺| iterations of earliest arrival s - t flow computations, where |S⁺| is the number of sources. Numerical results show that our multi-source EAF algorithm solves the SD-SO-DTA problem with time-invariant parameters to optimum.
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Giannopoulos, Antonios. "The investigation of transmission-line matrix and finite-difference time-domain methods for the forward problem of ground probing radar." Thesis, Online version, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.245873.
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Brenot, Dominique. "Transmission du son à l'intérieur d'une structure axisymétrique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066022.
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Problème de la transmission du son sur l'axe d'une structure élastique fermée à symétrie de révolution. Problème de Neumann, associé à la pression acoustique par la méthode de la phase stationnaire et problème de structure par une méthode d'éléments finis.
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La, Valérie. "Correction d'atténuation en géométrie conique avec mesures de transmission en tomographie d'émission mono-photonique." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0106.
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Le principe de la tomographie d'emission mono-photonique est d'administrer au patient un radioelement qui va se fixer dans l'organe a etudier. A partir d'un ensemble de mesures du rayonnement emis acquises autour du patient, un algorithme de reconstruction calcule la distribution de l'activite d'emission, fournissant une information fonctionnelle de l'organe. Les mesures sont perturbees par differents phenomenes, en particulier par l'attenuation a travers les tissus traverses qui constitue un obstacle majeur pour assurer une bonne quantification de l'activite emise. Ce travail a pour but de batir une methode de reconstruction corrigeant l'attenuation. On suppose que la distribution d'attenuation de l'objet a ete obtenue par reconstruction a partir de mesures de transmission. La methode de reconstruction proposee est une methode algebrique ou les mesures sont reliees a l'image recherchee par une equation matricielle qu'il s'agit de resoudre. Nous nous placons dans le cadre des methodes de type gradient. Nos travaux portent sur l'acceleration et la regularisation de l'algorithme de reconstruction. L'acceleration resulte d'une part du preconditionnement du systeme par un inverse approche de l'operateur que l'on cherche a inverser, de facon a se ramener a un systeme quasi-symetrique. D'autre part, le systeme preconditionne est resolu par l'algorithme du residu minimal afin d'eviter le passage aux equations normales. La regularisation est accomplie par un filtrage passe-bas des mesures et par une methode de regularisation pouvant etre vue comme une extension de celle de tikhonov-phillips a un probleme quasi-symetrique. Cette methode est rendue spatialement adaptative pour eviter de surlisser dans les regions d'interet. Une approche adaptative basee sur le gradient de l'image est egalement envisagee. La methode de reconstruction est appliquee a la geometrie parallele sur 180 degres et a la geometrie conique. L'imagerie cardiaque est choisie pour evaluer la methode.
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Dalling, Ryan R. "An Investigation of Positive Engagement, Continuously Variable Transmissions." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2391.pdf.
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Klas, Juliana. "Planejamento da expansão do sistema de transmissão com dispositivos FACTS e links CC empregando metodologia Branch-and-Bound adaptada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108467.
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Este trabalho apresenta proposta de modelo matemático para o problema de expansão do sistema de transmissão baseado no fluxo de carga CC considerando a utilização de links CC e FACTS resolvido através de metodologia de solução que considera a primeira e a segunda lei de Kirchhoff em processo enumerativo de branch-and-bound adaptado. A abordagem possui dois pontos em destaque: i) apresenta uma proposta de modelo matemático com possibilidade da utilização direta em problemas de expansão de linhas de transmissão que possuem tanto linhas de transmissão CA, transformadores, links CC e dispositivos FACTS e ii) é um método exato de solução do problema que garante a otimalidade da resposta e traz uma contribuição ao tradicional método branch-and-bound por incluir relaxações adicionais. O método aplicado aos sistemas de 6 barras de Garver e sistema Sul sudeste Brasileiro de 46 barras apresenta respostas adequadas e o modelo matemático testado em um sistema Garver modificado apresenta novas configurações possíveis com redução do custo total do investimento.This work proposes a mathematical model to the transmission expansion system problem based on the DC power flow model considering the use of DC links and FACTS that is solved using a solution method considering the first and second Kirchhoff’s Law in an enumerative adapted branch-and-bound process. It is possible to highlight two key aspects of the proposed approach: i) presents a mathematical model that can be directly used on expansion transmission systems problems that have AC transmission lines, transformers, DC links and FACTS and ii) is an exact solution method that guarantees the optimum problems’s solutions and contributes to the traditional branch-and-bound method bringing additional relaxations. The solution method applied to Garver’s six-bus network and southeast Brazilian 46 bus network provides correct answers and the mathematical model tested on a modified Garver’s six-bus network presents new possible configurations that enables overall cost reduction to the problem.
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Rodriguez, Usaquén Yuly Tatiana. "Experimental study of oil coking problem and contribution to the modelling of heat transfer in turbochargers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/117314.
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[ES] The automotive industry represents one of the most important sectors in the world. Given its socio-economic influence, research is aimed at reducing fuel consumption and emissions. Turbochargers provide several benefits including increased power for a given engine size, improved fuel economy and reduced emissions. The turbocharger is an important piece for the new generation of engines that must comply with the Euro 6 or in the U.S. Tier 3 vehicle emissions and fuel standard program. As more effort is made to increase efficiencies and reduce emissions, the complexity of the system increases. The high rotational speeds, pulsating flow conditions and high temperature differences between working fluids (exhaust gases, compressed air, lubricating oil, coolant fluids) make the turbo-charging a challenging task. Numerical simulation opens a range of possibilities to study the performance, efficiency and design of components in the turbocharger, but requires continued accuracy refinements.
In this thesis, a great effort has been made to improve the overall understanding of the different physical phenomena that occur inside the turbocharger. Both, experimental and modelling efforts have been made to understand the thermal behaviour of the turbocharger under engine start/stop conditions. After state-of-the-art review of thermal studies and heat transfer simulation codes, this work presents an extensive experimental testing campaign that includes a thermal characterization of the turbocharger in stationary and transient conditions. Subsequently, several turbochargers were measured to assess the consequences that degraded oils can generate in the bearing system during endurance tests of oil-coking.
To minimize the possibilities of coke formation, some theoretical studies were done. First, a 1D turbocharger model was used in GT-PowerTM for a detailed study of the temperature rise in the central housing during an engine hot-stop. The simulated cooling strategies aims to find an optimal in terms of minimizing extra energy consumption per K housing temperature reduction. After, a 2D radial model is proposed as improvement of an existing one-dimensional model developed at CMT - Universitat Politècnica de València. Aiming for a low computational cost, the radial model was developed to be compatible with fast one-dimensional engine simulations. Later, a detailed solution of heat fluxes was made by means of CFD using a 3D design of the turbocharger's central housing.
The 3D model improved the results when temperature of the bearings/shaft is required. Additionally, thermal properties within the turbocharger can be obtained and therefore a reduction of the experimental tasks in the thermohydraulic test bench. Both 2D and 3D models were validated using experimental data, demonstrating predictive accuracy improvements on the results of previous models.[CAT] La industria automotriz representa uno de los sectores más importantes del mundo. Dada su influencia socioeconómica, la investigación está destinada a reducir el consumo de combustible y las emisiones. Los turbocompresores ofrecen varios beneficios, entre ellos, mayor potencia para un tamaño de motor determinado, mejor economía de combustible y reducción de emisiones. El turbocompresor es una pieza importante para la nueva generación de motores que deben cumplir con la normativa Euro 6 o en el programa estándar de emisiones y combustible de los EE. UU. Tier 3. A medida que se hacen más esfuerzos para aumentar la eficiencia y reducir las emisiones, la complejidad del sistema aumenta. Las altas velocidades de rotación, las condiciones de flujo pulsante y las altas diferencias de temperatura entre los fluidos de trabajo (gases de escape, aire comprimido, aceite lubricante, fluidos refrigerantes) hacen que la turbocarga sea una tarea desafiante. La simulación numérica abre un rango de posibilidades para estudiar el rendimiento, la eficiencia y el diseño de los componentes en el turbocompresor, pero requiere continuos refinamientos de precisión. En esta tesis, se ha hecho un gran esfuerzo para mejorar la comprensión global de los diferentes fenómenos físicos que ocurren al interior del turbocompresor. Se han hecho esfuerzos experimentales y de modelado para comprender el comportamiento térmico del turbocompresor en condiciones de arranque/parada del motor. Luego de una revisión de los estudios térmicos y de los códigos de simulación de transferencia de calor, éste trabajo presenta una extensa campaña de pruebas experimentales que incluye una caracterización térmica del turbocompresor en condiciones estacionarias y transitorias. Posteriormente, se midieron varios turbocompresores para evaluar las consecuencias que los aceites degradados pueden generar en el sistema de rodamientos durante pruebas de resistencia de coque de aceite. Para minimizar las posibilidades de formación de coque, se realizaron algunos estudios teóricos. En primer lugar, se usó un modelo de turbocompresor 1D en GT-PowerTM para un estudio detallado del aumento de temperatura de la carcasa central del turbocompresor durante un paro en caliente del motor. Las estrategias de enfriamiento simuladas apuntan a encontrar un óptimo en términos de minimizae el consumo de energía extra por reducción de la temperatura de la carcasa en Kelvin. Posteriormente, se propone un modelo radial 2D como mejora de un modelo unidimensional existente desarrollado en la CMT - Universitat Politècnica de València. Con el objetivo de conseguir un bajo costo computacional, el modelo radial 2D se desarrolló para ser compatible con simulaciones unidimensionales rápidas de motor. Después, se realizó una solución detallada de los flujos de calor mediante CFD utilizando un diseño 3D de la carcasa central del turbocompresor. El modelo 3D mejora los resultados cuando se requiere la temperatura de los cojinetes/eje. Además, con ésta campaña de CFD se pueden obtener propiedades térmicas dentro del turbocompresor y, por lo tanto, una reducción de las tareas experimentales en el banco de pruebas termohidráulico. Ambos modelos 2D y 3D fueron validados utilizando datos experimentales, demostrando mejoras de precisión de predicción sobre los resultados de modelos anteriores.
[EN] La indústria automotriu representa un dels sectors més importants del món. Donada la seua influència socioeconòmica, la investigació està destinada a reduir el consum de combustible i les emissions. Els turbocompressors oferixen diversos beneficis, entre ells, major potència per a una grandària de motor determinat, millor economia de combustible i reducció d'emissions. El turbocompressor és una peça important per a la nova generació de motors que han de complir amb la normativa Euro 6 o en el programa estàndard d'emissions i combustible dels EE. UU. Tier 3. A mesura que es fan més esforços per a augmentar l'eficiència i reduir les emissions, la complexitat del sistema augmenta. Les altes velocitats de rotació, les condicions de flux polsen-te i les altes diferències de temperatura entre els fluids de treball (gasos de fuga, aire comprimit, oli lubricant, fluids refrigerants) fan que la turbocarga siga una tasca desafiador. La simulació numèrica obri un rang de possibilitats per a estudiar el rendiment, l'eficiència i el disseny dels components en el turbocompressor, però requerix continus refinaments de precisión. En aquesta tesi, s'ha fet un gran esforç per a millorar la comprensió global dels diferents fenòmens físics que ocorren a l'interior del turbocompressor. S'han fet esforços experimentals i de modelatge per a comprendre el comportament tèrmic del turbocompressor en condicions d'arranque/parada del motor. Després d'una revisió dels estudis tèrmics i dels codis de simulació de transferència de calor, este treball presenta una extensa campanya de proves experimentals que inclou una caracterització tèrmica del turbocompressor en condicions estacionàries i transitòries. Posteriorment, es van mesurar uns quants turbocompressors per a avaluar les conseqüències que els olis degradats poden generar en el sistema de rodaments durant proves de resistència de coc d'aceite. Per a minimitzar les possibilitats de formació de coc, es van realitzar alguns estudis teòrics. En primer lloc, es va usar un model de turbocompressor 1D en GT- Power \textsuperscript{TM} per a un estudi detallat de l'augment de temperatura de la carcassa central del turbocompressor durant una desocupació en calent del motor. Les estratègies de refredament simulades apunten a trobar un òptim en termes de minimizae el consum d'energia extra per reducció de la temperatura de la carcassa en Kelvin. Posteriorment, es proposa un model radial 2D com a millora d'un model unidimensional existent desenrotllat en la CMT - Universitat Politècnica de València. Amb l'objectiu d'aconseguir un baix cost computacional, el model radial 2D es va desenrotllar per a ser compatible amb simulacions unidimensionals ràpides de motor. Después, es va realitzar una solució detallada dels fluxos de calor per mitjà de CFD utilitzant un disseny 3D de la carcassa central del turbocompressor. El model 3D millora els resultats quan es requerix la temperatura dels cojinetes/eje. A més, amb esta campanya de CFD es poden obtindre propietats tèrmiques dins del turbocompressor i, per tant, una reducció de les tasques experimentals en el banc de proves termohidráulico. Ambdós models 2D i 3D van ser validats utilitzant dades experimentals, demostrant millores de precisió de predicció sobre els resultats de models anteriores.
Rodriguez Usaquén, YT. (2019). Experimental study of oil coking problem and contribution to the modelling of heat transfer in turbochargers [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/117314
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Kambou, Samy Jacques André. "Transmission de multimédia dans les réseaux sans fil à qualité de service garantie." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2290/document.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux stratégies de transmission de contenu multimédia des réseaux sans fil. L'intérêt d'une stratégie repose sur sa capacité à gérer les ressources selon les objectifs des applications visées. On propose ainsi un schéma de transmission, qui garantit la qualité de service (QdS), quelles que soient les conditions du canal et suivant les spécificités du contenu multimédia. On exploite pour cela les diversités (spatiales, fréquentielles, etc.) du canal radio. A ce titre, l'association MIMO-OFDM apparaît comme une solution idéale pour accroitre les performances du système. On propose ainsi un système MIMO-OFDMA, qui intègre des stratégies inter-couches. Celles-ci se basent sur des techniques d'adaptation de lien pour régler dynamiquement les paramètres du système. On développe en premier un schéma inter-couches PHY 1 APPL, associé à un système MIMO-OFDM mono-utilisateur, qui transmet une vidéo H.264/SVC. L'adaptation de lien permet de définir le jeu de paramètres optimaux, qui minimise la distorsion de la vidéo reçue. On introduit ainsi une politique d'optimisation sous contraintes de puissance et de taux d'erreurs binaires. Pour tenir compte d'aspects de transmission réalistes, on propose un schéma inter-couches PHY/MAC, dédié à un système MIMO-OFDMA, multi-utilisateurs et multi-services. Ce dernier associe un algorithme d'ordonnancement, au paramétrage optimal, pour fournir au maximum d'utilisateurs des débits utiles respectant les exigences des services demandés. Enfin, on combine les deux premières solutions pour définir les paramètres optimaux minimisant la distorsion de la vidéo reçue par utilisateur, tout en garantissant la QdS des autres servicesThis thesis focuses on the transmission strategies of the multimedia content in wireless networks. The advantage of a such strategy is its ability to manage the resources, according to the objectives of the targeted applications. We propose a transmission scheme, which guarantees the quality of service (QoS), depending on the channel state information and on the multimedia content specifications. We take advantage of the radio channel diversities (spatial, frequency, etc.). ln fact, the association of MIMO and OFDM techniques appears as effective solution to increase the system performance. For this reason, we propose a MIMO-OFDMA system, which considers cross-layer srtategies based on link adaptation schemes to dynamically adjust the system parameters. Firstly, we develop a PHY/APPL cross-layer strategy, dedicated to a single user of a MIMO-OFDMA system, which transmits an H.264/SVC video. The Iink adaptation scheme allows to define the optimum parameters, which minimize the end-ta-end video distortion by using an optimization algorithm under power and bit error rate constraints. To consider the realistic transmission aspects, we propose a PHY/MAC cross-layer strategy, dedicated to a multi-user, multi-service, MIMOOFDMA system. This scheme combines a scheduling policy with optimal parameterization to provide a satisfied troughput to a maximum number of users, acheiving the required services. Finally, the first two solutions are combined to determine the optimal parameters which minimize the end-ta-end distortion of the received video by user, and also acheive QoS requirements of the other services
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Galymov, Birzhan. "Distribution Network Reconfiguration For Loss Reduction By Multi-branch Exchange Method." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614663/index.pdf.
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As structure and size of electric power distribution systems are getting more complex, distribution automation schemes become more attractive. One of the features that is desirable in an automated system is feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction. Loss reduction can make considerable savings for a utility and results in released system capacity. There is also improved voltage regulation in the system as a result of reduced feeder voltage drop.
In this thesis, multi branch exchange algorithm is introduced to solve the network reconfiguration for loss reduction problem. The proposed technique is based on heuristic techniques applied to constraint satisfaction optimization problems. A critical review of earlier methods related with feeder reconfiguration is presented. A computer program was developed using Matlab to simulate this algorithm and results of simulations demonstrate its advantages over single branch exchange method. Moreover, the results show that the final configuration is independent of the initial configuration and give assurance that any solution offered will have a radial configuration with all loads connected.
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Gruhne, Volker. "Numerische Behandlung zeitabhängiger akustischer Streuung im Außen- und Freiraum." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-112604.
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Lineare hyperbolische partielle Differentialgleichungen in homogenen Medien, beispielsweise die Wellengleichung, die die Ausbreitung und die Streuung akustischer Wellen beschreibt, können im Zeitbereich mit Hilfe von Randintegralgleichungen formuliert werden. Im ersten Hauptteil dieser Arbeit stellen wir eine effiziente Möglichkeit vor, numerische Approximationen solcher Gleichungen zu implementieren, wenn das Huygens-Prinzip nicht gilt.
Wir nutzen die Faltungsquadraturmethode für die Zeitdiskretisierung und eine Galerkin-Randelement-Methode für die Raumdiskretisierung. Mit der Faltungsquadraturmethode geht eine diskrete Faltung der Faltungsgewichte mit der Randdichte einher. Bei Gültigkeit des Huygens-Prinzips konvergieren die Gewichte exponentiell gegen null, sofern der Index hinreichend groß ist. Im gegenteiligen Fall, das heißt bei geraden Raumdimensionen oder wenn Dämpfungseffekte auftreten, kann kein Verschwinden der Gewichte beobachtet werden. Das führt zu Schwierigkeiten bei der effizienten numerischen Behandlung.
Im ersten Hauptteil dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass die Kerne der Faltungsgewichte in gewisser Weise die Fundamentallösung im Zeitbereich approximieren und dass dies auch zutrifft, wenn beide bezüglich der räumlichen Variablen abgeleitet werden. Da die Fundamentallösung zudem für genügend große Zeiten, etwa nachdem die Wellenfront vorbeigezogen ist, glatt ist, schließen wir Gleiches auch in Bezug auf die Faltungsgewichte, die wir folglich mit hoher Genauigkeit und wenigen Interpolationspunkten interpolieren können. Darüber hinaus weisen wir darauf hin, dass zur weiteren Einsparung von Speicherkapazitäten, insbesondere bei Langzeitexperimenten, der von Schädle et al. entwickelte schnelle Faltungsalgorithmus eingesetzt werden kann. Wir diskutieren eine effiziente Implementierung des Problems und zeigen Ergebnisse eines numerischen Langzeitexperimentes.
Im zweiten Hauptteil dieser Arbeit beschäftigen wir uns mit Transmissionsproblemen der Wellengleichung im Freiraum. Solche Probleme werden gewöhnlich derart behandelt, dass der Freiraum, wenn nötig durch Einführen eines künstlichen Randes, in ein unbeschränktes Außengebiet und ein beschränktes Innengebiet geteilt wird mit dem Ziel, eventuelle Inhomogenitäten oder Nichtlinearitäten des Materials vollständig im Innengebiet zu konzentrieren. Wir werden eine Lösungsstrategie vorstellen, die es erlaubt, die aus der Teilung resultierenden Teilprobleme so weit wie möglich unabhängig voneinander zu behandeln. Die Kopplung der Teilprobleme erfolgt über Transmissionsbedingungen, die auf dem ihnen gemeinsamen Rand vorgegeben sind.
Wir diskutieren ein Kopplungsverfahren, das auf verschiedene Diskretisierungsschemata für das Innen- und das Außengebiet zurückgreift. Wir werden insbesondere ein explizites Verfahren im Innengebiet einsetzen, im Gegensatz zum Außengebiet, bei dem wir ein auf ein Mehrschrittverfahren beruhendes Faltungsquadraturverfahren nutzen. Die Kopplung erfolgt nach der Strategie von Johnson und Nédélec, bei der die direkte Randintegralmethode zum Einsatz kommt. Diese Strategie führt auf ein unsymmetrische System. Wir analysieren das diskrete Problem hinsichtlich Stabilität und Konvergenz und unterstreichen die Einsatzfähigkeit des Kopplungsalgorithmus mit der Durchführung numerischer Experimente.
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Changuel, Nesrine. "Régulation de la qualité lors de la transmission de contenus vidéo sur des canaux sans fils." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659806.
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Le développement simultané de terminaux mobiles multimédia (smartphones, tablettes) et de réseaux d'accès offrant des débits élevés conduit à une explosion du trafic liés aux contenus multimédia. Cette croissance nécessite un partage efficace des ressources radio entre fournisseurs de contenus (dans le cas de la diffusion) ou entre récepteurs (dans le cas de services de vidéo à la demande). Cette thèse propose des outils de partage équitable des ressources en termes de qualité des contenus multimédia reçu et de délai de transmission dans les deux contextes précédents. La variété des compromis débit-distorsion des contenus multimédia est exploitée à cet effet. Dans un premier temps, une solution centralisée de contrôle conjoint du débit de codage et de transmission de plusieurs programmes transmis sur un même canal est considérée. L'objectif est de fournir des flux de qualités similaires avec des variations limitées, tout en assurant des délais de transmission comparables. Ce problème est résolu en synthétisant une commande prédictive à l'aide d'outils d'optimisation sous contrainte. Dans un second temps, seule l'allocation de bande est centralisée, le contrôle des caractéristiques de compression de chaque flux est réalisé de manière distribuée. Le contrôleur centralisé ne renvoie que le niveau de remplissage des tampons associés à chaque flux aux fournisseurs de contenus distants. Une stratégie de régulation des débits de codage est alors mise en place par ces fournisseurs, de manière à réguler le niveau en bits ou en image des tampons. La stabilité de ce système de régulation couplé est étudiée en détails. Enfin, l'optimisation inter-couches d'une chaine de transmission de contenus multimédia scalable est considérée. Ce problème est formulé dans le contexte de la programmation dynamique. Lorsque des modèles de complexité raisonnable sont considérés et avec des caractéristiques du système bien connues, des solutions optimales peuvent être obtenues. Des techniques d'apprentissage sont mises en œuvre, lorsque le système n'est que partiellement connu, par exemple, lorsque l'état du canal de transmission parvient avec du retard à l'organe de commande.
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Xu, Qing. "Flexible Radio Resource Management for Multicast Multimedia Service Provision : Modeling and Optimization." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0237/document.
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Le conflit entre la demande de services multimédia en multidiffusion à haut débit (MBMS) et les limites en ressources radio demandent une gestion efficace de l'allocation des ressources radio (RRM) dans les réseaux 3G UMTS. À l'opposé des travaux existant dans ce domaine, cette thèse se propose de résoudre le problème de RRM dans les MBMS par une approche d’optimisation combinatoire. Le travail commence par une modélisation formelle du problème cible, désigné comme Flexible Radio Resource Management Model (F2R2M). Une analyse de la complexité et du paysage de recherche est effectuée à partir de ce modèle. Tout d’abord on montre qu'en assouplissant les contraintes de code OVSF, le problème de RRM pour les MBMS peut s'apparenter à un problème de sac à dos à choix multiples (MCKP). Une telle constatation permet de calculer les limites théoriques de la solution en résolvant le MCKP similaire. En outre, l'analyse du paysage montre que les espaces de recherche sont accidentés et constellés d'optima locaux. Sur la base de cette analyse, des algorithmes métaheuristiques sont étudiés pour résoudre le problème. Nous montrons tout d'abord que un Greedy Local Search (GLS) et un recuit simulé (SA) peuvent trouver de meilleures solutions que les approches existantes implémentées dans le système UMTS, mais la multiplicité des optima locaux rend les algorithmes très instables. Un algorithme de recherche tabou (TS) incluant une recherche à voisinage variable (VNS) est aussi développé et comparé aux autres algorithmes (GLS et SA) et aux approches actuelles du système UMTS ; les résultats de la recherche tabou dépassent toutes les autres approches. Enfin les meilleures solutions trouvées par TS sont également comparées avec les solutions théoriques générées par le solveur MCKP. On constate que les meilleures solutions trouvées par TS sont égales ou très proches des solutions optimales théoriquesThe high throughputs supported by the multimedia multicast services (MBMS) and the limited radio resources result in strong requirement for efficient radio resource management (RRM) in UMTS 3G networks. This PhD thesis proposes to solve the MBMS RRM problem as a combinatorial optimization problem. The work starts with a formal modeling of the problem, named as the Flexible Radio Resource Management Model (F2R2M). An in-depth analysis of the problem complexity and the search landscape is done from the model. It is showed that, by relaxing the OVSF code constraints, the MBMS RRM problem can be approximated as a Multiple-Choice Knapsack Problem (MCKP). Such work allows us to compute the theoretical solution bounds by solving the approximated MCKP. Then the fitness landscape analysis shows that the search spaces are rough and reveal several local optimums. Based on the analysis, some metaheuristic algorithms are studied to solve the MBMS RRM problem. We first show that a Greedy Local Search (GLS) and a Simulated Annealing (SA) allow us to find better solutions than the existing approaches implemented in the UMTS system, however the results are instable due to the landscape roughness. Finally we have developed a Tabu Search (TS) mixed with a Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm and we have compared it with GLS, SA and UMTS embedded algorithms. Not only the TS outperforms all the other approaches on several scenarios but also, by comparing it with the theoretical solution bounds generated by the MCKP solver, we observe that TS is equal or close to the theoretical optimal solutions
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Deheuvels, Thibaut. "Contributions à l'étude d'espaces de fonctions et d'EDP dans une classe de domaines à frontière fractale auto-similaire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869946.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à des questions d'analyse en amont de la modélisation de structures arborescentes, comme le poumon humain. Plus particulièrement, nous portons notre intérêt sur une classe de domaines ramifiés du plan, dont la frontière comporte une partie fractale auto-similaire. Nous commençons par une étude d'espaces de fonctions dans cette classe de domaines. Nous étudions d'abord la régularité Sobolev de la trace sur la partie fractale de la frontière de fonctions appartenant à des espaces de Sobolev dans les domaines considérés. Nous étudions ensuite l'existence d'opérateurs de prolongement sur la classe de domaines ramifiés. Nous comparons finalement la notion de trace auto-similaire sur la partie fractale du bord à des définitions plus classiques de trace. Nous nous intéressons enfin à un problème de transmission mixte entre le domaine ramifié et le domaine extérieur. L'interface du problème est la partie fractale du bord du domaine. Nous proposons ici une approche numérique, en approchant l'interface fractale par une interface préfractale. La stratégie proposée ici est basée sur le couplage d'une méthode auto-similaire pour la résolution du problème intérieur et d'une méthode intégrale pour la résolution du problème extérieur.
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Liang, Haodong. "Fractal Interfaces and Heat Transmission Problems." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/124.
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The main portion of my thesis focuses on a 2-dimensional second order heat transmission problem in domains with pre-fractal interfaces. My focus is on the numerical approximation of the solutions. Precisely, I€™m concerned to develop a suitable mesh refinement algorithm that could be adapted to our situation, by taking into account the regularity of the solutions and the geometry of irregular pre-fractal interfaces. I obtain an error estimate between the weak solution and the discrete solution, which indicates an optimal rate of convergence as in the classical case when the solution has H^2-regularity. In addition, numerical simulations are also included, which demonstrates the features of our heat transmission model. Another portion of my thesis focuses on the asymptotic analysis of singular boundary value problems with highly conductive layers of pre-fractal type. My models illustrate the problems of a lower- dimensional highly conductive material intruding into a higher- dimensional material with lower conductivity. I consider a 2D model of Sierpinski pre-fractal layers and 3D models of hierarchical layers. The main results consist in the so-called Mosco-convergence of certain energy functionals, which implies the strong convergence of the solutions and of the spectral resolutions as a byproduct in real applications.
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Santiago, Fabio 1985. "Utilização do método da integral dupla em problemas de condução de calor unidimensional em regime transitório." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263430.
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Orientador: Luiz Fernando MilanezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar o método da integral dupla na obtenção de soluções analíticas aproximadas para problemas de condução térmica unidimensional em regime transitório. Sendo o método da integral dupla um refinamento do amplamente utilizado método da integral simples, também conhecido Karman-Pohlhausen para a camada limite ou método de Goodman para mudança de fase, inicialmente foi proposto um minucioso estudo do capítulo Application of Integral Methods to Transient Nonlinear Heat transfer, cujo objetivo era compreender o funcionamento deste método, assim como selecionar os problemas apresentados neste trabalho. Posteriormente realizou-se o estudo do artigo primordial de aplicação do método da integral dupla publicado por Volkov, bem como dos principais trabalhos envolvendo o método da integral dupla. Ao todo foram selecionados seis casos do trabalho original de Goodman, os quais foram resolvidos com o uso do método da integral dupla para perfis quadrático e cúbico. A escolha de perfis polinomiais se justifica uma vez que estes são de fácil manipulação diante das operações de diferenciação e integração comum os métodos integrais, além disso, o uso de perfis de grau distinto tem como objetivo mostrar a influência da variação deste na obtenção de melhores aproximações. De modo a convalidar os resultados apresentados pelo método da integral dupla, estes foram comparados com as soluções analíticas exatas presente na literatura assim como, com as soluções aproximadas apresentadas por Goodman e com a solução numérica obtida pelo método de volumes de controles. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho revelam o melhor desempenho do método da integral dupla quando comparado com os resultados obtidos por Goodman em seu trabalho anteriormente citado
Abstract: The objective of this work is to use the method of the double integral to obtain approximate analytical solutions for one-dimensional heat conduction problems in the transitional regime. As the method of a double integral refinement of the widely used simple integral method, also known Karman-Pohlhausen for the boundary layer or the Goodman method for phase change, was initially proposed a thorough study of Chapter Application of Integral Methods to Transient Nonlinear Heat transfer, the objective of which was to understand the functioning of this method as well as selecting the problems presented in this paper. Subsequently we carried out the study of the primary article of the method of the double integral posted by Volkov as well as major works involving the method of double integral. In all six cases were selected from the original work of Goodman, which were solved using the method of the double integral for quadratic and cubic profiles. The choice of polynomial profiles is justified as they are easy to handle before the operations of common differentiation and integration methods, moreover, the use of profiles of different degree is intended to show the influence of the variation in obtaining better approximations. In order to validate the results presented by the method of the double integral, they were compared with the exact analytical solutions in the literature as well as with the approximate solutions presented by Goodman and the numerical solution obtained from a volume control. The present results show the improved performance of the method of the double integral compared with the results obtained by Goodman in their work cited above
Mestrado
Termica e Fluidos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang. "Boundary value problems with the transmission property." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3037/.
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We give a survey on the calculus of (pseudo-differential) boundary value problems with the transmision property at the boundary, and ellipticity in the Shapiro-Lopatinskij sense. Apart from the original results of the work of Boutet de Monvel we present an approach based on the ideas of the edge calculus. In a final section we introduce symbols with the anti-transmission property.
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Melnyk. "PROBLEMS OF THE UKRAINE GAS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM." Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33815.
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Nascimento, Edgar [UNESP]. "Modelagem generalizada do problema de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111137.
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000797343.pdf: 769171 bytes, checksum: e4b6a7c175e5957d6ca52df5c59819d1 (MD5)Neste trabalho foi apresentado uma nova modelagem matemática para problemas de Planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão ao longo prazo que permite uma mudança no conceito de expansão de sistema de transmissão. Nos problemas de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão tradicionais apenas as adições de linhas candidatas são consideradas. Neste trabalho um novo conceito de planejamento da expansão do sistema de transmissão é encontrar uma nova solução para a topologia base onde todas as linhas estão temporariamente desconectadas e a implementação dessas linhas são reconsideradas quando elas podem voltar à sua posição anterior. Portanto as linhas da topologia de base não será restabelecida se impedir o desempenho do sistema. Depois um novo problema é resolvido para encontrar o plano futuro da rede do sistema elétrico, com a adição de novas linhas de candidatas na topologia base modificada. A fim de encontrar um plano mais eficiente para a rede futura, a metodologia proposta é implementada usando a linguagem de modelagem para a programação matemática (AMPL) e solucionada usando o solver comercial CPLEX. A fim de validar a abordagem proposta e fazer alguma comparação com o método na literatura, três sistemas de testes são realizados, tais como: o sistema de 24-Bus IEEE teste com 41 linhas de candidatas, um estudos de casos práticos do sistema de 46-Bus do Sul do Brasil com 79 linhas de candidatas, e do sistema colombiano 93-Bus com 155 candidatas. Para sistemas de grande porte, a fim de facilitar a implementação do modelo matemático, uma estratégia é apresentada para reduzir o espaço de busca das barras em que a geração ou a demanda. Nos problemas de planejamento da expansão da transmissão geralmente nos deparamos com um problema de programação não-linear inteira mista (PNLIM) usando o modelo DC, o que torna impossível usar o solver linear ...
In this work and in order to solve the long-term transmission expansion planning problems, a novel mathematical model which is based on a change in the concept of expanding a transmission system is presented. In traditional transmission system expansion planning, only the additions of candidate lines are considered. In this work, a new concept of transmission system expansion planning is to find a new solution for the base topology where all the lines are temporarily disconnected and the implementation of these lines are reconsidered when they may return to their previous position. Therefore, the lines of the base topology will not be reconnected if they prevent the system performance. Afterwards a new problem is solved to find the future plan of the electrical system network with the addition of new candidate lines in the modified base topology. In order to find a more efficient plan for the future network, the proposed methodology is implemented using a Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming (AMPL) and solved using the commercial solver of CPLEX. In order to validate the proposed approach and make some comparison with the method in the literature, three test systems are conducted such as: the 24-Bus IEEE test system with 41 candidate lines, a practical case studies of 46-Bus South Brazilian system with 79 candidate lines, and the 93-Bus Colombian system with 155 candidates. For large-scale systems, in order to facilitate the implementation of the mathematical model, a strategy to reduce the search space of the buses in which the generation or demand has been presented. In the transmission expansion planning problems, usually we face with a mixed integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) using the DC model, which make it impossible to use the linear solver of CPLEX. The strategy to overcome this problem is using the disjunctive linear model, which is a DC linear equivalent model. The ...
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Nascimento, Edgar. "Modelagem generalizada do problema de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão /." Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111137.
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Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero LázaroBanca: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani
Banca: Antonio Padilha Feltrin
Banca: Carlos Roberto Mendonça da Rocha
Banca: Edgar Manuel Carreño Franco
Resumo: Neste trabalho foi apresentado uma nova modelagem matemática para problemas de Planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão ao longo prazo que permite uma mudança no conceito de expansão de sistema de transmissão. Nos problemas de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão tradicionais apenas as adições de linhas candidatas são consideradas. Neste trabalho um novo conceito de planejamento da expansão do sistema de transmissão é encontrar uma nova solução para a topologia base onde todas as linhas estão temporariamente desconectadas e a implementação dessas linhas são reconsideradas quando elas podem voltar à sua posição anterior. Portanto as linhas da topologia de base não será restabelecida se impedir o desempenho do sistema. Depois um novo problema é resolvido para encontrar o plano futuro da rede do sistema elétrico, com a adição de novas linhas de candidatas na topologia base modificada. A fim de encontrar um plano mais eficiente para a rede futura, a metodologia proposta é implementada usando a linguagem de modelagem para a programação matemática (AMPL) e solucionada usando o solver comercial CPLEX. A fim de validar a abordagem proposta e fazer alguma comparação com o método na literatura, três sistemas de testes são realizados, tais como: o sistema de 24-Bus IEEE teste com 41 linhas de candidatas, um estudos de casos práticos do sistema de 46-Bus do Sul do Brasil com 79 linhas de candidatas, e do sistema colombiano 93-Bus com 155 candidatas. Para sistemas de grande porte, a fim de facilitar a implementação do modelo matemático, uma estratégia é apresentada para reduzir o espaço de busca das barras em que a geração ou a demanda. Nos problemas de planejamento da expansão da transmissão geralmente nos deparamos com um problema de programação não-linear inteira mista (PNLIM) usando o modelo DC, o que torna impossível usar o solver linear ...
Abstract: In this work and in order to solve the long-term transmission expansion planning problems, a novel mathematical model which is based on a change in the concept of expanding a transmission system is presented. In traditional transmission system expansion planning, only the additions of candidate lines are considered. In this work, a new concept of transmission system expansion planning is to find a new solution for the base topology where all the lines are temporarily disconnected and the implementation of these lines are reconsidered when they may return to their previous position. Therefore, the lines of the base topology will not be reconnected if they prevent the system performance. Afterwards a new problem is solved to find the future plan of the electrical system network with the addition of new candidate lines in the modified base topology. In order to find a more efficient plan for the future network, the proposed methodology is implemented using a Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming (AMPL) and solved using the commercial solver of CPLEX. In order to validate the proposed approach and make some comparison with the method in the literature, three test systems are conducted such as: the 24-Bus IEEE test system with 41 candidate lines, a practical case studies of 46-Bus South Brazilian system with 79 candidate lines, and the 93-Bus Colombian system with 155 candidates. For large-scale systems, in order to facilitate the implementation of the mathematical model, a strategy to reduce the search space of the buses in which the generation or demand has been presented. In the transmission expansion planning problems, usually we face with a mixed integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) using the DC model, which make it impossible to use the linear solver of CPLEX. The strategy to overcome this problem is using the disjunctive linear model, which is a DC linear equivalent model. The ...
Doutor
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Zampaulo, Amarildo José. "Uma abordagem do problema de contaminação de sistemas de transmissão por fluidos e o controle através da técnica de contagem de partículas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18150/tde-07022017-105608/.
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O avanço tecnológico tem proporcionado à indústria em geral desenvolver e fabricar produtos mais sofisticados em todos os campos da ciência. Não distante dessa realidade, a indústria da mobilidade também vem incorporando, através de projetos arrojados, as novas tecnologias em seus produtos, respondendo, assim, às necessidades e expectativas de seus clientes, que exigem produtos com maior produtividade e disponibilidade para trabalho. Essas tecnologias estão relacionadas com os sistemas de transmissão de força por fluidos, através da introdução de válvulas eletro-hidráulicas e também pela redução da tolerância entre partes deslizantes e rotativas desses sistemas. A partir da introdução dessa nova tecnologia, a ênfase desse trabalho foi mostrar a importância do controle de contaminação nas fases do processo de concepção, fabricação e montagem do produto, incluindo a quebra de paradigmas relacionada ao fator humano e, em especial, o controle de contaminação do fluido de transmissão de força utilizando a tecnologia de contagem de partículas. Assim, foi evidenciado que através da determinação de limites aceitáveis de contaminação para cada tipo de sistema de transmissão de força, em função do tipo de tecnologia agregada, é possível reduzir drasticamente as falhas nos sistemas de transmissão de força por fluido durante a operação do produto no campo, mesmo sendo essa contaminação considerada um inimigo invisível.The technological advance has proportionated to the industry in general to develop and to manufacture more sophisticated products in all the fields of science. Not distant of this reality, the industry of mobility also comes incorporating through bold projects the new technologies in its products, thus answering to the needs and expectations of its customers, who ask for products with high productivity and availability to work. These technologies are related with the power transmission systems by fluids through the introduction of electrohydraulic valves, and also by the reduction of tolerance between smooth and rotary parts of the system. From the introduction of this new technology, the emphases of this dissertation was show the importance of the contamination control in the process phases of conception, manufacturing and assembly of the product, including brake the paradigm related with human factors, and specially the fluid contamination control of the power transmission using the particle counting technology. To show that through the determination of acceptable limits of contamination for each type of power transmission system, as a function of the type of added technology, it is possible to drastically reduce the failures in the power transmission systems by fluids during the operation of the product in the field, even being this contamination considered an invisible enemy.
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Mölder, Mikael, and Felicia Schnell. "Informationsstöd för patienter som genomgår intern strålbehandling : Mobilapplikation som kommunikationsverktyg inom sjukvården." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193914.
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Den globala medellivslängden i världen ökar samtidigt som en åldrande befolkning leder till att behovet av vård och omsorg blir mer omfattande. Människor lever allt längre men är även sjuka en längre tid vilket ställer krav på kapaciteten inom vården. Kommunikationen utgör i dagsläget ett problem som försvårar sjukvårdens möjligheter att hantera den rådande vårdsituationen, vil-ket indikerar att sektorn är i behov av förändring. En möjlig lösning på detta problem är att utnyttja digitaliseringens möjligheter genom e-hälsa för att åstadkomma utveckling av välfär-den där vården håller en hög kvalitet och patienten står i fokus. Mobiltelefoner har visat sig vara ett lämpligt verktyg för detta ändamål då de idag utgör ett viktigt kommunikationsverktyg i samhället. Nuklearmedicinen syftar till den diagnostik och behandling som sker med hjälp av radioaktiva preparat och används exempelvis för behandling av sköldkörtelsjukdom. Behandlingen med dessa preparat medför restriktioner vilka skall beaktas av patienten och är information som skall förmedlas av sjukvården. En mobilapplikation har utvecklats på uppdrag av avdelningen för Nuklearmedicin vid Karolinska universitetssjukhuset med målet att på ett lättillgängligt sätt förmedla information till patienter och anhöriga. Med applikationen kan en kompletterande informationskanal skapas mellan patienten och av-delningens personal för att stödja kommunikationen. Vikten av korrekt och tydlig information i ett nära samarbete med kunnig vårdpersonal har diskuterats, vilket utgjort grunden för appli-kationens utformning. I syfte att utreda behovet och potentialen av ICT i sjukvården har en förstudie i form av en intervju genomförts. Tillsammans med en enkätundersökning, för att evaluera prototypen, utgör dessa grunden för den diskussion som förts kring applikationens möjligheter att bidra till kommunikationen inom denna del av sjukvården. Resultatet visar att potentialen för ICT inom vården är stor men att det finns brister som gör att systemen inte håller den kvalitet som förväntas och krävs av vårdsituationen. Genom införandet av prototypen kan patienter i tidigt skede ta del av information kring behandlingen och således förberedas efter egna villkor vilket är ett steg mot framtidens sjukvård.The global life expectancy increases with an aging population, which leads to more demanding requirements on healthcare. Humans live longer but at the same time spend longer time of their lives being sick, which requires higher capacities within the healthcare system. Communication forms a problem by complicating the possibilities of healthcare to handle the situation, which indicates a need of change. A possible solution is to utilize the possibilities of digitalisation, with the help of e-health, to achieve development of the welfare where healthcare maintains high quality and patients are in focus. Mobile phones have shown to be a suitable tool for this cause due to the fact that they form a central tool for communication in today’s society. Nuclear medicine is the diagnostics and treatment with the help of radioactive substances and is part of today’s treatment of thyroid diseases. Using these preparations results in a number of restrictions, which has to be taken into consideration by the patient and should be given by the responsible physician. On behalf of the department for nuclear medicine at Karolinska univer-sity hospital a mobile application has been developed where patients and relatives, in a conven-ient way, can take part of information about their treatment. With the application, a complementary information channel can be created between patients and the department staff in order to support the communication. The importance of correct and transparent information in close cooperation with healthcare professionals has been discussed, which forms the base of the applications design. For the purpose of investigating the potential of ICT in healthcare, a pre-study in form of an interview was conducted. Together with a survey in order to evaluate the concept, these two form the basis of the discussion on the possibilities to contribute to the communication in the studied section of healthcare. The result shows that there is a lot of potential for ICT within healthcare, but the systems that are in use today lacks in quality, which is demanded and expected by the care situation. By introducing the concept, patients can take part of information about their treatment in an early stage, which allows them to prepare on their own terms, and is a step towards the healthcare of the future.
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Manrique, John Peter Oyardo. "Reconstrução do espectro de fótons de aceleradores lineares clínicos com base na curva de transmissão e no algoritmo de recozimento simulado generalizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-31012016-151001/.
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A distribuição espectral de raios X de megavoltagem utilizados em departamentos de radioterapia é uma grandeza fundamental a partir da qual, em princípio, todas as informações requeridas relevantes para tratamentos de radioterapia podem ser determinadas. A medição direta é difícil de realizar clinicamente, e a análise da transmissão é um método indireto clinicamente viável para determinar espectros de fótons de aceleradores lineares clínicos. Neste método, os sinais de transmissão são adquiridos após o feixe passar através de diferentes espessuras de atenuadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o estabelecimento e a aplicação de um método indireto que utilizou um modelo espectral baseado no algoritmo de recozimento simulado generalizado para determinar o espectro de fótons de aceleradores lineares clínicos com base na curva de transmissão. A análise dos espectros obtidos foi feita por determinação analítica de grandezas dosimétricas e parâmetros relacionados.The spectral distribution of megavoltage X-rays used in radiotherapy departments is a fundamental quantity from which, in principle, all relevant information required for radiotherapy treatments can be determined. The direct measurement is difficult to achieve clinically and analyzing the transmission is a clinically viable indirect method for determining clinical linear accelerators photon spectra. In this method, transmission signals are acquired after the beam passes through different thicknesses of attenuators. The objective of this work was the establishment and application of an indirect method that used a spectral model based on generalized simulated annealing algorithm to determine the spectrum of clinical linear accelerators photons based on the transmission curve. Analysis of the spectra was made by analytical determination of dosimetric quantities and related parameters.
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Witwit, Abdul-Mehdi Rahim Mohammed. "Meshing techniques for TLM diffusion problems." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296281.
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Aragonès, Martín Àngels. "Graph theory applied to transmission path problems in vibroacoustics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299378.
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Un aspecte fonamental quan cal resoldre un problema vibroacústic en un sistema mecànic és el de determinar com flueix l’energia des d’una font donada, cap a qualsevol part del sistema. Això permet decidir quines són les accions a prendre per disminuir, per exemple, els nivells de soroll i vibracions en una determinada àrea del sistema. El comportament dinàmic d’un sistema mecànic es pot estimar utilitzant diversos mètodes numèrics, cadascun dels quals enfocat a un marge de freqüència determinat. Mentre a baixes freqüències es poden aplicar mètodes deterministes com el Mètode d’Elements Finits (FEM) o el Mètode d’Elements de Contorn (BEM), a altes freqüències, els mètodes estadístics com l’Anàlisi Estadística Energètica (SEA), esdevenen inevitables. A més a més, diverses tècniques com el FE-SEA híbrid, els models de Distribució Energètica (ED) o l’Anàlisi Estadística de distribució d’Energia modal (SmEdA), entre d’altres, han estat recentment plantejades per tal de tractar amb l’anomenat problema de les mitges freqüències. Tanmateix, encara que alguns mètodes numèrics poden predir la resposta vibroacústica puntual o amitjanada d’un sistema, aquests no proporcionen de forma directa informació sobre com flueix l’energia per tot el sistema. Per tant, cal algun tipus de post-processament per a determinar quines són les vies de transmissió d’energia.
L’energia transmesa a través d’un determinat camí que connecti un subsistema font, on l’energia és introduïda, i un subsistema receptor, es pot calcular numèricament. Tot i això, la identificació dels camins que dominen la transmissió d’energia des d’una font fins a un receptor normalment acostuma a basar-se en l’experiència i el parer de l’enginyer. Així doncs, un mètode que permeti obtenir aquests camins de forma automàtica resultaria molt útil. La teoria de grafs proporciona una sortida a aquest problema, ja que existeixen diversos algorismes de càlcul de camins en grafs. En aquesta tesi, es proposa un enllaç entre els models vibroacústics i la teoria de grafs, que permet adreçar els problemes de vies de transmissió de forma directa.
La dissertació comença centrant-se en els models SEA. Primerament, es mostra que té sentit realitzar una anàlisi de vies de transmissió (TPA) en SEA. Seguidament, es defineix un graf que representa de forma acurada els models SEA. Tenint en compte que la transmissió d’energia entre fonts i receptors es pot justificar mitjançant la contribució d’un grup finit de vies dominants en varis casos d’interès, es presenta un algorisme per calcular-les. A continuació, s’implementa un algorisme que inclou en el càlcul de camins la naturalesa estocàstica dels factors de pèrdues SEA. Tot seguit, es tracta com es pot estendre l’anàlisi de vies de transmissió al marge de la mitja freqüència. L’aplicació de la teoria de grafs a les mitges freqüències s’adapta per alguns models ED, així com també SmEdA. Finalment, es presenta una altra possible aplicació de la teoria de grafs en vibroacústica. S’implementa una estratègia basada en algorismes de talls en grafs per tal de reduir l’energia en un subsistema receptor amb la modificació d’un grup reduït de factors de pèrdues. Aquest grup de variacions, es troba calculant talls en el graf que separin els subsistemes fonts dels receptors.A fundamental aspect when solving a vibroacoustic problem in a mechanical system is that of finding out how energy flows from a given source to any part of the system. This would help making decisions to undertake actions for diminishing, for example, the noise or vibration levels at a given system area. The dynamic behavior of a mechanical system can be estimated using different numerical methods, each of them targeting a certain frequency range. Whereas at low frequencies deterministic methods such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) or the Boundary Element Method (BEM) can be applied, statistical methods like Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) become unavoidable at high frequencies. In addition, a large variety of approaches such as the hybrid FE-SEA, the Energy Distribution (ED) models or the Statistical modal Energy distribution Analysis (SmEdA), among many others, have been recently proposed to tackle with the so-called mid-frequency problem. However, although numerical methods can predict the pointwise or averaged vibroacoustic response of a system, they do not directly provide information on how energy flows throughout the system. Therefore, some kind of post-processing is required to determine energy transmission paths. The energy transmitted through a particular path linking a source subsystem, where external energy is being input, and a target subsystem, can be computed numerically. Yet, identifying which paths dominate the whole energy transmission from source to target usually relies on the engineer's expertise and judgement. Thus, an approach for the automatic identification of those paths would prove very useful. Graph theory provides a way out to this problem, since powerful path algorithms for graphs are available. In this thesis, a link between vibroacoustic models and graph theory is proposed, which allows one to address energy transmission path problems in a straightforward manner. The dissertation starts focusing on SEA models. It is first shown that performing a transmission path analysis (TPA) in SEA makes sense. Then a graph that accurately represents the SEA model is defined. Given that the energy transmission between sources and targets is justified by the contribution of a limited group of dominant paths in many cases of practical interest, an algorithm to find them is presented. Thereafter, an enhanced algorithm is devised to include the stochastic nature of SEA loss factors in the ranking of paths. Next, it is discussed how transmission path analysis can be extended to the mid frequency range. The graph approach for path computation becomes adapted for some ED models, as well as for SmEdA. Finally, we outline another possible application of graph theory to vibroacoustics. A graph cut algorithm strategy is implemented to achieve energy reduction at a target subsystem with the sole modification of a reduced set of loss factors. The set is found by computing cuts in the graph separating source and receiver subsystems.
Un aspecto fundamental a la hora de resolver un problema vibroacústico en un sistema mecánico es el de determinar cómo fluye la energía desde una determinada fuente hasta cualquier parte del sistema. Ello ayudaría a tomar decisiones para emprender acciones destinadas a disminuir, por ejemplo, los niveles de ruido y vibraciones en un área del sistema dada. El comportamiento dinámico de un sistema mecánico se puede estimar utilizando varios métodos numéricos, cada uno de ellos enfocado a un determinado rango de frecuencia. Mientras en las bajas frecuencias se pueden aplicar métodos deterministas como el Método de los Elementos Finitos (FEM) o el método de Elementos de Contorno (BEM), los métodos estadísticos como el Análisis Estadístico Energético son inevitables en las altas frecuencias. Además, se han desarrollado gran variedad de técnicas como el FE-SEA híbrido, los modelos de Distribución de Energía (ED) o el Análisis Estadístico de distribución de Energía modal (SmEdA), entre otras, para tratar el llamado problema de las medias frecuencias. Sin embargo, aunque los métodos numéricos pueden predecir la respuesta vibroacústica puntual o promediada de un sistema mecánico, ellos no proporcionan información sobre como fluye la energía en el sistema. Por lo tanto, hace falta algún tipo de post-procesado para determinar las vías de transmisión de energía. La energía transmitida a través de un determinado camino que conecta un subsistema fuente, donde se introduce la energía, y un subsistema receptor, se puede calcular numéricamente. A pesar de ello, identificar qué caminos dominan la transmisión de energía desde la fuente al receptor normalmente suele recaer en la experiencia o el juicio del ingeniero. Así pues, un método automático para identificar estos caminos resultaría muy útil. La teoría de grafos proporciona una solución a este problema, ya que existen potentes algoritmos de cálculos de caminos en grafos. En esta tesis, se propone un enlace entre los modelos vibroacústicos y la teoría de grafos, que permite abordar los problemas de vías de transmisión de forma directa. La disertación empieza centrándose en los modelos SEA. Primeramente, se muestra que tiene sentido realizar un análisis de vías de transmisión (TPA) en un modelo SEA. Seguidamente, se define un grafo que representa fielmente un modelo SEA. Teniendo en cuenta que en muchos casos de interés práctico, la transmisión de energía entre fuentes y receptores se puede justificar mediante la contribución de un grupo finito de vías de transmisión, se define un algoritmo para encontrarlas. A continuación, se implementa un algoritmo que incluye en el cómputo de caminos la naturaleza estocástica de los factores de pérdidas SEA. Luego, se trata la extensión del análisis de vías de transmisión al rango de media frecuencia. La técnica de teoría de grafos aplicada a cálculo de caminos se adapta para algunos modelos ED y también SmEdA. Finalmente, se presenta otra posible aplicación de la teoría de grafos a la vibroacústica. Se implementa una estrategia basada en algoritmos de cortes en grafos destinada a reducir la energía en un subsistema receptor mediante la simple modificación de un grupo reducido de factores de pérdidas. El grupo se encuentra calculando cortes que separen en el grafo los subsistemas fuentes de los subsistemas receptores.
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Baig, Adam Mirza. "Reflection and transmission problems in vertically inhomogeneous elastic media." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/MQ47005.pdf.
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Hummel, Felix Benjamin [Verfasser]. "Stochastic Transmission and Boundary Value Problems / Felix Benjamin Hummel." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189067293/34.
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ASSIS, FERNANDO APARECIDO DE. "CONSTRUCTIVE METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING TRANSMISSION EXPANSION PLANNING PROBLEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35771@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O planejamento da expansão da transmissão (PET) visa identificar reforços para a rede a fim de permitir uma adequada interligação entre a demanda e a geração de energia elétrica, ambas previstas para um determinado horizonte futuro de planejamento. Um bom plano de expansão deve garantir o adequado equilíbrio entre o custo de investimento e o custo de operação, mantendo ainda um nível satisfatório de confiabilidade no fornecimento da energia. Entretanto, a identificação de bons planos de expansão para a rede de transmissão tem se tornado uma tarefa cada vez mais difícil. Isso se deve, principalmente, às características e dimensões dos sistemas atuais e, ainda, às incertezas inerentes ao problema. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de ferramentas cada vez mais ela-boradas para auxílio dos planejadores. Neste sentido, é proposto nesta tese de dou-torado um algoritmo metaheurístico construtivo, denominado AMC-PET, o qual realiza um processo gradual e concomitante de construção de soluções viáveis (planos de expansão). Por meio de mecanismos baseados principalmente em índices de sensibilidade para avaliação dos reforços candidatos e na troca de informações entre as soluções correntes, o processo construtivo proposto é conduzido, parcimoniosamente, na direção de planos de excelente qualidade. Para validação da metodologia proposta, é utilizado o problema PET estático de longo prazo, considerando o critério de segurança N-1 para a rede de transmissão. Um mode-lo linearizado de rede com a inclusão de perdas ôhmicas é utilizado para análise das configurações obtidas. Dois sistemas teste, comumente utilizados neste tópico de pesquisa e, também, um sistema real de grande porte, que corresponde à rede elétrica do sul do Brasil, são empregados na validação.
The transmission expansion planning (TEP) aims to identify reinforcements for the network in order to allow an adequate interconnection between load and electric power generation, both foreseen for a given future planning horizon. A good expansion plan must ensure the proper balance between investment and operating costs, while preserving a satisfactory reliability level in the energy supply. However, identifying good expansion plans for the transmission network has become an increasingly difficult task. This is mainly due to the characteristics and dimensions of current power systems and also to the uncertainties inherent to the problem. Thus, it becomes necessary to develop even more elaborate tools to assist system planners. This doctoral thesis proposes a new optimization tool named constructive metaheuristic algorithm (CMA-TEP). The proposed CMA-TEP tool performs a gradual and parallel process of building feasible solutions (expansion plans). By means of mechanisms mainly based on sensitivity indices for the evaluation of candidate reinforcements and on the information exchange among current solutions, the proposed constructive process is parsimoniously conducted towards high quality plans. To verify the performance of the proposed methodology, the long-term static PET problem considering the N-1 security criterion for the transmission network is solved. A linearized network model with the inclusion of ohmic losses is used to analyze the obtained configurations. Two test systems, commonly utilized in this research area, and also a real large network, which corresponds to the electric grid of Southern Brazil, are used to validate the proposed method.
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Lopes, Valber Sardi [UNESP]. "Metaheurística GRASP para o problema de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87168.
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lopes_vs_me_ilha.pdf: 457406 bytes, checksum: 6e25dd934aee860e9d139376c72ed631 (MD5)O Problema do Planejamento da Expansão de Sistemas de Transmissão é um problema de otimização combinatória, cujo objetivo é buscar o atendimento de requisitos de cargas a custos mínimos de investimentos, percebendo um horizonte de longo prazo. A perspectiva do planejamento otimizado deve ser feita observando duas possiblidades: o planejamento estático e o planejamento multiestágio. No planejamento estático, o planjedor procura responder as questões onde e que tipos de elementos de transmissão precisam ser adicionados ou construídos para integrar a solução do sistema futuro. No entanto, quando a estratégia de expansão ótima abrange todo um período, o planejador deseja saber quando o circuito deve ser instalado, trata-se de um planejamento multiestágio. Em ambas alternativas, a resolução do problema do planejamento deve abranger duas etapas consecutivas: a modelagem matemática e a técnica de solução para resolver essa modelagem. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma proposta de planejamento estático utilizando aMetaheurística GRASP como técnica de solução para o problema do planejamento.
The Problem of Expansion Planning of Transmission Systems is a combinatorial optimization problem whose goal is to seek the assistance of cargo requirements at minimal cost investment, realizing a long-term horizon.The prospect of planning should be optimized observing two possibilities: planning static and multistage planning. In planning static, designer seeks to answer the questions where and what types of transmission elements need to be added or built to integrate the solution of the future system. However, when the optimal expansion strategy covers the whole period, the planner wants to know when the circuit must be installed, it is a multistage planning. In both alternatives, solving the problem of planning should cover two consecutive steps: mathematical modeling and solution technique to solve this modeling.This work presents a planning proposal using the static technique as GRASP metaheuristic solution to the problem of planning.