Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Translations into English'
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Eichel, Andrew Timothy. "Translating Anglo-Saxon poetry : foreignized translations of "The seafarer" and "The wanderer" /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131566903.pdf.
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Baumgarten, Stefan. "Translation as an ideological interface : English translations of Hitler's Mein Kampf." Thesis, Aston University, 2007. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14863/.
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The present thesis is located within the framework of descriptive translation studies and critical discourse analysis. Modern translation studies have increasingly taken into account the complexities of power relations and ideological management involved in the production of translations. Paradoxically, persuasive political discourse has not been much touched upon, except for studies following functional (e.g. Schäffner 2002) or systemic-linguistic approaches (e.g. Calzada Pérez 2001). By taking 11 English translations of Hitler’s Mein Kampf as prime examples, the thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the translation of politically sensitive texts. Actors involved in political discourse are usually more concerned with the emotional appeal of their message than they are with its factual content. When such political discourse becomes the locus of translation, it may equally be crafted rhetorically, being used as a tool to persuade. It is thus the purpose of the thesis to describe subtle ‘persuasion strategies’ in institutionally translated political discourse. The subject of the analysis is an illustrative corpus of four full-text translations, two abridgements, and five extract translations of Mein Kampf. Methodologically, the thesis pursues a top-down approach. It begins by delineating sociocultural and situative-agentive conditions as causal factors impinging on the individual translations. Such interactive and interpersonal factors determined textual choices. The overall textual analysis consists of an interrelated corpus-driven and corpus-based approach. It demonstrates how corpus software can be fruitfully harnessed to discern ‘ideological significations’ in the translated texts. Altogether, the thesis investigates how translational decision-makers attempted to position the source text author and his narrative in line with overall rhetorical purposes.
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Fisher, Tyler. "Jose Marti's Ismaelillo : an english translations." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2002. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/272.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Spanish
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Sin, Hoi Lam Carolina. "Translating rhetorical devices :a case study of translation of advertising slogans." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954269.
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Weyland, Sandra. "Translation models and model translations : a journey across languages, time and cultures." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=217102.
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This thesis studies the effectiveness of existing translation models in the context of everyday translation and proposes a new translation model. The thesis reviews a number of approaches to the process of translation from the Roman times to the present before focusing on contemporary translation theory and the representation of the translation process by means o f translation models. The thesis introduces - and comments on - a number of existing translation models and then proceeds to develop a new model of the process, which aims to present a more holistic view of the process than the models discussed. The second part of the thesis concentrates on the testing of the model. Two very practical tests are applied to the model in order to assess the accuracy of the representation and the usability of the model in the context o f everyday translation. The first test applied to the model has, however, another function. It aims to provide a contemporary readership with a readable English translation of a Renaissance Latin text, the first book of the Instructiones historico-theologicae de doctrina Christiana et vario rerum statua temporibus Apostolici, ad tempora usque seculi decimi septime prior a (1645) by John Forbes o f Corse. This enables a wide audience with very little or no knowledge o f Latin to gain access to the complex theological argument contained in the specimen text. The commentary on the English translation, and on extracts of the German and French translations of this work serves to test the applicability of the model in the context of translation into more than one language. The second test concentrates on the translation from English into German and German into English. For this test, two groups of students from the Universities of Trier and Rostock in Germany were asked to carry out the same translation exercise. The study o f the work received from these students allows me to assess the usability o f the model as a guideline for translators. The thesis concludes by saying that the model has proved successful on both occasions, and by offering suggestions for further study.
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NG, Choi Yung. "Why get lost in translation? On the English translations of Wen Yiduo's poems." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2015. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/tran_etd/14.
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The debate over the translatability of poetry has been a long-standing issue for decades. Relatively few discussions, however, have focused on the concrete reasons of poetry being translatable (or untranslatable). Moving beyond traditional ways of elucidating the matter through theoretical argument, this study aims to investigate the question of poetry translation in a more solid, empirical manner by looking into linguistic and language-based aesthetic differences between Chinese and English, in particular their prosodic features and capacities. Part One seeks to answer the question “Why does poetry get lost in translation?” from a linguistic and language-based aesthetic perspective, using the English translations of Wen Yiduo’s 聞一多 (1899-1946) poems as a case study.
This thesis, however, does not simply further expound the position that “poetry is untranslatable”. Rather, based on the discussion in Part One, Part Two attempts to show that neither the translator nor his/her translation needs to “get lost”, even though something always “gets lost” in the process. The rhetorical question “Why get lost in translation?” will lead to illustrations that translation strategies are more an active choice of translators than a mere passive reaction to obstacles encountered. The thesis points out that while present discussions of untranslatability seem to focus largely on fidelity to the source text, it may be the target text that matters more, as the target language literally sets a limit to what translation can achieve (and thus determines the degree of translatability of a text). Hence, while poetry translation may be more difficult than other types of translation, its nature is not categorically different from others, for all translations are constrained by the target language in the first place. Besides, translation needs to be viewed in terms of the purpose of cultural transmission — from the perspective of the target readers and culture. One may thus conclude that poetry, like anything else, is translatable, although the degree of difficulty might differ. Regardless of one’s theoretical perspective, issues of textual translation are language-based. Before one discusses issues of poetry translation, one must first understand issues of language, poetic language and poetics (including prosody). These are all what the present thesis aims at exploring. By re-evaluating the relationship between the source and target texts and discussing the factors (both linguistic and extra-linguistic) affecting translation, this study attempts to shed more light on poetry translation, and literary translation in general.
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Truelson, Charlotta. "Adverbial placement in Swedish and English translations." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48446.
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The purpose of this paper was to do an investigation of adverbials in fiction and non-fiction texts translated into Swedish and English. Adverbials are more flexible regarding position in sentences than other constituents. It has been of interest to find out if there are any remarkable differences in mean-ing due to repositioned adverbials in translation, and the focus has been on adverbials in initial, medial and final position. The results showed that most adverbials retained their position, and also their meaning in translation. There were no noteworthy differences in how adverbials were translated in fiction compared to non-fiction. The preferred position of adverbials was the end position for most types of adverbials in English and Swedish.
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Shen, D. "Literary stylistics and translation : With particular reference to English translations of Chinese prose fiction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379342.
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Benhaddou, Mohamed. "Translation quality assessment : a situational/textual model for the evaluation of Arabic/English translations." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2082/.
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Translation evaluation is one of the main concerns of translation theorists, members of translation revision boards, and most importantly it is the concern of translator trainers. Translation quality has often been associated with the correctness of the grammatical structure and the appropriateness of the lexical item. Little concern has empirically been given to units larger than the sentence, i.e. text. This seems to be the result of the prevailing linguistic trend that has put more emphasis on a -context-free' sentence, rather than on text in context. This study proposes to investigate, discuss and develop a translation quality assessment model that takes text, not a sentence as the ultimate aim of analysis. The study will also attempt to explore the theoretical and practical implications of the model to be developed for the training of translators in the Arab world. The model to be developed should be based on the definition that translation is the replacement of a text in the source language by a semantically, pragmatically and textually equivalent text in the target language. Text, then, is the focus of interest in this study. Therefore, the model will be developed within the framework of text lingui4Vics for which text is regarded as a communicative occurrence. The developed model will serve as a means to evaluating the quality of Arabic-English translations of a particular type of texts, argumentative text type. Therefore, two argumentative texts in the form of newspaper editorials, selected from two Moroccan quality newspapers will be analyzed along the dimensions of what will be known in this study as a Situational/Textual model. The resultant "textual profile" will, then, be taken as a "yardstick" against which will be measured 81 translations collected from Fand School of Advanced Translation (FST) and 5 from the department of modern languages, Salford University (SU). The first introductory chapter lays out the main arguments of the thesis. Chapters two and three present and discuss sentence-oriented translation models, and text-oriented translation models respectively. Chapter four presents and discusses the following: a) the three aspects of meaning: semantic, pragmatic, and textual, b) language function vs. text function, and finally C) House's (1981) model of translation quality assessment. Chapter five presents the method of operation, discusses the decision criteria needed to deal with the dimensions linguistic correlates, and finally illustrates the extended situational/textual model for translation quality assessment. Chapter six is the application of the model on the two Arabic argumentative texts. In addition, argumentative text structure will be discussed and the difference between Arabic and English argumentative texts will be explained. Finally, chapter seven includes the source language text (SLT), and the target language text (TLT) statement of comparison and statement of quality, and a discussion of the theoretical implication of the model for the training of translators in the Arab world.
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Luonua, M. M. (Matti-Mikael). "Transfer of meaning in tourist brochure translations." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201303191112.
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The topic of this thesis concerns the translation of tourist brochures and how the message of the original text, along with the intended perlocution, are transferred to the translated text. The thesis mainly looks at translations from Finnish to English. There are two exceptions, where translations in Italian, German, Swedish and Russian were also looked at for comparison. The analysed translations were found from ten brochures that were collected from the Tornio and Pello tourist information offices, and two websites that promote locations in Muonio and in Tornio, respectively. The brochures promote locations situated in Lapland except for one, which promotes the food culture of Finland. The theoretical background for the text includes Relevance Theory and the linguistic concepts of locution, illocution, and perlocution. The analysis utilises concepts from translation theory, including functional, cultural and descriptive equivalents, transference, and the covert and overt methods. The goal of the analysis was to see how the aforementioned concepts from translation theory are used in tourist brochure translations to transfer the meaning of the original text to the translated text, and if the translation process has a negative effect on the relevance and intended perlocution, which in turn can lower the attraction of the brochure and the promoted location. The goal also included seeing if translators attempt to avoid this negative effect and if they do, what are the measures that are taken to prevent it. The results of the study reveal that in some cases, the translators do in fact seem to recognise the importance of relevance and the transferral of intended perlocution, thus striving to improve relevance and take measures to aid the transferral of intended perlocution. In other cases, the translators did not seem to hold relevance and perlocution in importance. In these cases the relevance could even be lowered. It seems that the most negative effect on the translation was created when text was omitted in the translation. The results of this study could be used for example to teach translators in the commercial business how relevance and the transferral of intended perlocution are improved and how to avoid the methods that have a negative effect on relevance and transferral of intended perlocutionTutkielman aihe on matkailuesitteiden käännökset ja miten alkuperäisen viestin sisältö ja sen tarkoitettu tehtävä ja perlokuutio siirtyvät toiselle kielelle. Pääosin gradussa tarkastellaan käännöksiä suomesta englanniksi. Poikkeuksina olivat kaksi tapausta, joissa tarkasteltiin vertailun vuoksi miten sama käännös oli tehty italiaksi, saksaksi, ruotsiksi ja venäjäksi. Käännökset löytyivät kymmenestä matkailuesitteestä, jotka oli kerätty Tornion ja Pellon matkailutoimistoista sekä kahdesta nettisivusta, joista toinen edustaa torniolaista ja toinen muoniolaista matkailuyhtiöitä. Esitteet edustavat pääosin Lapissa sijaitsevia matkailukohteita mutta yksi esite käsittelee koko Suomen ruokakulttuuria. Teoreettisena tukena tutkielmalle toimivat relevanssiteoria ja kielitieteen käsitteet lokuutio, illokuutio ja perlokuutio. Analyysissa käytettiin myös käännöstieteen käsitteitä, jotka olivat funktionaalinen, kulttuurillinen ja deskriptiivinen ekvivalentti, transferenssi, sekä piilokäännös ja ilmikäännös. Analyysin päämäärä on tutkia miten yllämainittuja käännöstieteen käsitteitä käytetään matkailuesitteissä siirtämään alkuperäiskielisen tekstin tarkoitus käännökseen ja se onko käännösprosessilla negatiivinen vaikutus käännetyn esitteen relevanssiin ja perlokuution siirtymiseen, jotka vaikuttavat vuorollaan esitteen vetovoimaan. Päämäärään kuului myös tutkia yrittävätkö kääntäjät välttää tätä negatiivista vaikutusta ja jos yrittävät, millä tavoilla sitä pyritään välttämään. Tutkimuksen tulokset paljastivat sen, että joissain tapauksissa kääntäjät saattoivat tunnistaa relevanssin sekä tarkoitetun perlokuution siirtymisen tärkeyden ja täten pyrkivät parantamaan relevanssia sekä käyttämään toimenpiteitä, jotka auttoivat tarkoitetun perlokuution siirtymisessä. Esimerkiksi ylimääräisen tiedon lisääminen käännösversioon voi lisätä relevanssia ja täten myös tarkoitetun perlokuution siirtymistä. Toisissa tapauksissa kääntäjät eivät pitäneet korkeaa relevanssia tai tarkoitettua perlokuutiota kovin tärkeänä. Näissä tapauksissa relevanssi saattoi jopa laskea eikä tarkoitettu perlokuutio siirtynyt käännettyyn tekstiin kovin hyvin. Kävi ilmi, että negatiivisin vaikutus käännökseen syntyy kun tekstiä jätetään pois. Tutkielman tuloksia voisi käyttää esimerkiksi opettamaan mainosalan kääntäjille millä tavoin käännösten relevanssia ja tarkoitetun perlokuution siirtymistä voisi parantaa ja miten niiden heikkenemistä voisi välttää
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Jones, Suzanne Barbara. "French imports : English translations of Molière, 1663-1732." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d86ee12-54ab-48b3-9c47-e946e1c7851f.
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This thesis explores the first English translations of Molière's works published between 1663 and 1732 by writers that include John Dryden, Edward Ravenscroft, Aphra Behn, and Henry Fielding. It challenges the idea that the translators straightforwardly plagiarized the French plays and instead argues that their work demonstrates engagement with the dramatic impact and satirical drive of the source texts. It asks how far the process of anglicization required careful examination of the plays' initial French national context. The first part of the thesis presents three fundamental angles of interrogation addressing how the translators dealt with the form of the dramatic works according to theoretical and practical principles. It considers translators' responses to conventions of plot formation, translation methods, and prosody. The chapters are underpinned by comparative assessments of contextual theoretical writings in French and English in order to examine the plays in the light of the evolving theatrical tastes and literary practices occasioned by cross-Channel communication. The second part takes an alternative approach to assessing the earliest translations of Molière. Its four chapters are based on close analysis of culturally significant lexical terms which evoke comically contentious social themes. This enquiry charts the changes in translation-choices over the decades covered by the thesis corpus. The themes addressed, however, were relevant throughout the period in both France and England: marital discord caused by anxieties surrounding cuckoldry and gallantry, the problems of zealous religious ostentation, the dubious professional standing of medical practitioners, and bourgeois social pretension. This part assesses how the key terms in translation were chosen to resonate within the new semantic fields in English, a target language which was coming into close contact with new French terms.
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Humed, Kammi G., Kenneth T. Olson, and Janet Cooley. "Verification of Non-English-Language Prescription Label Translations." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613994.
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Class of 2016 AbstractObjectives: To verify a set of translated medication labels in consultation with native speakers of non-English languages, specifically for this study: Amharic, Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), Somali, Spanish, Tigrinya, and Vietnamese. Methods: Native speakers of target languages were recruited from academic and community organizations in the Tucson area. Participants were asked to review a set of translated directions and complete a survey regarding the validity and comprehensibility of the translations. In some cases, a short interview was used to clarify any comments or corrections made by the participants. Results: Surveys were completed by 23 participants, 12 men and 11 women, covering seven languages, with an uneven distribution between languages. Directions in Somali were the least problematic, with relatively strong agreement between respondents. Amharic directions were rated poorly and scored consistently worse than the overall average. Tigrinya had the most variation between respondents compared to other languages. Chinese, Spanish, and Vietnamese all received rather high scores, but analysis is complicated by a small sample size for each. Among responses to the open-ended questions, comments regarding word choice were the most common, for various reasons. Conclusions: We were able to validate some of the provided translations, but found that certain languages posed more problems than others, and these translations would need to undergo further review before they can be reliably used in clinical practice.
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Reid, Joshua S. "Review Essay: MHRA Tudor & Stuart Translations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3164.
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Johnson, Penelope. "Translation and the image of the other : The English translations of Pablo Neruda's Canto general." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512148.
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Wang, Baorong, and 汪宝荣. "Shaoxing Dialect in English translations of Lu Xun's fiction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40887698.
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Mastropierro, Lorenzo. "Corpus stylistics and translation studies : a corpus-assisted study of Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness' and its Italian translations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33678/.
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This thesis carries out a corpus stylistic study of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and four of its Italian translations. It investigates the role of textual patterns as building blocks of the fictional world and triggers of literary themes. It also investigates the effects of translation on the relation between textual patterns and the fictional world, and discusses the potential consequences of translational alterations on the text’s themes. Heart of Darkness is a complex and multifaceted text that deals with a multitude of themes and has been interpreted in many different ways. By offering an overview of the text’s literary reception, I foreground two major themes that emerge from the contemporary critical debate as particularly central to the discussion about Conrad and his text: “Africa and its representation” and “race and racism”. Through a keyword analysis, I establish a connection between these themes and the lexical level of the text. Adopting Mahlberg & McIntyre’s (2011) model, I group keywords into categories that reflect specific aspects of the fictional world and the thematic concerns of the text. I then select groups of keywords that relate specifically to “Africa and its representation” and “race and racism” for more in-depth examination. Specifically, I analyse how the African jungle and the African natives are linguistically represented in the text. I demonstrate that repeated lexico-semantic patterns shape these fictional representations and play a fundamental part in the interpretation of the two themes related to them. I then focus on the Italian versions and compare them in order to show the effects of translation on the lexico-semantic patterns. I show that alterations made at the linguistic level affect the interpretational level of the translations, with potential consequences for the reception of the major themes in the target context. Finally, I use computational methods to compare the original and the translations at the level of whole texts, as opposed to feature-specific comparisons. I claim that together these two perspectives provide a more nuanced understanding of the relation between source and target texts. Through this analysis, the present thesis explores how the fictional world and literary themes are constructed and conveyed in literature and in its translation. It also contributes to the critical discussion on Heart of Darkness and proposes a methodology to analyse and compare literary translations. Finally, as an interdisciplinary project, this thesis builds on the interaction between corpus stylistics and translation studies, and strengthens this relation further.
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Li, J. "Translating Chinese political discourse : a functional-cognitive approach to English translations of Chinese political speeches." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29385/.
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This thesis presents a theoretical attempt to look into the process of political translation in China and the textual products from a functional-cognitive perspective by combining the CDA models of Fairclough and van Dijk. The functional linguistic parameters parallel to Fairclough’s functional forms of textual analysis serve as a micro-level device for the close examination of texts. At the macro-level, van Dijk’s direction of CDA from a socio-cognitive perspective accounts for the core relation between the power enactment and discourse production in a more profound manner. Meanwhile, anchored in the Chesterman’s model of translation norms, it sets out to argue that political translation in China is both an institutional operation and a reciprocal process of norm-reformation practice in specific context models. The theoretical propositions are instantiated by comprehensive text analysis from a functional perspective. The corpus of data is formed by five sets of Chinese political speeches and their English translations delivered by the state leaders in each of their periods of leadership. The focus is on presenting a holistic picture of the translation of Chinese political discourse through a spectrum of political genres. The thesis is concluded with the theoretical insights that the roles translation intends to play in mediating between the source and target communities manifest themselves as the power-mediated knowledge transfer between the source group and the target group depending on which group holds more discursive power in specific context models. Practically, it is observed that translation, as a form of political engagement in an era when China is governed under a more open and settled leadership, demonstrates a growing tendency to interact with the target readership and engages in the negotiation with the orthodox norms.
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Walles, Johan. "Lost in Translation : A study on the two English translations of The Brothers Lionheart." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3831.
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This study investigates the translation of cultural features in fiction. It is based on two translations into English of the Swedish book The Brothers Lionheart and its focus lies on proper names, place names, food, and dialect. Acomparison between the two translations is also made. The results showed that there were differences in the translation of proper names, place names, and food. While the overall differences for proper names, place names and food were small, there were big differences in the way some proper names and food were translated. However, these cases were very few, and on the whole, the translations resemble each other in most areas. As regards the translation of dialect, this was completely omitted in both translations.
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Sharkas, Hala. "Genre and translation quality : perspectives in quality assessment of English-Arabic translations of popular science genres." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419067.
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Chittiphalangsri, Phrae. "Translation, orientalism and virtuality : English and French translations of the Bhagavad Gita and Sakuntala 1784-1884." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508274.
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For decades, Edward W. Said's Orientalism has been at the forefront of the study of East-West cultural encounter. Said draws mostly on novels, travel accounts, anthropological documents and similar writings to explore the discursive consolidation of texts that acquire power to represent the Orient. Translation, which is the primal site of exchange between Western Orientalists and the East, is rather treated as a given concept, and no substantial theoretical consideration is developed in Said's work to explain the critical role of translation in Orientalism. A number of studies on translation and its relations to Orientalism have tackled the issue from different angles, mostly showing a degree of skepticism towards the political overtone of postcolonial discourse; for example, Figueira (1991) and Cannon (1990). The political and ideological implication of Orientalism in the practice of translation tends to be interpreted in terms of Lawrence Venuti's polarising paradigm of `domestication' in which the original's features are `distorted' due to the translator's appropriation of the original, or `foreignisation' in which translator makes the text appear alien and remote. The absence of critical studies of the concept of Orientalism in translation, or for that matter of the relationship between Edward Said's notion of Orientalism and translation, means there is a lack of clarity regarding Orientalist translation. Furthermore, while postcolonial translation theory may provide a useful paradigm for reading power relations in the translations between hegemonic and subordinate cultures, it has largely overlooked an important issue raised by Said in Orientalism, namely the notion of the institutionalisation of knowledge, a significant factor to why the discursive representation of the Orient acquires power through institutionally certified knowledge. The present thesis proposes a new concept called `Virtuality' to explain the phenomenon of Orientalist translation in the late eighteenth to nineteenth century. `Virtuality' is a concept that entails the notion of potentiality, or virtual reality, virtue and power. Drawing on the notion of `sufficiency', it throws light on translation in Orientalism as a process that seeks to produce a version that has sufficient virtue to represent, or even replace, the original. Virtuality means there is no need for direct contact with the East, as the mediation by Orientalists proves them to be adequate proxies. In this thesis, virtuality is applied to the study of English and French translations of two well-known Sanskrit literary works - the Bhagavad-Gitä and Sakuntalä - from 1784 to 1884. The methodological tools deployed in this thesis to highlight the virtuality of translation in Orientalism are taken from Pierre Bourdieu's sociological concepts namely symbolic capital, symbolic power, distinction and misrecognition (meconnaissance), M. A. K. Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), Gerard Genette's paratextuality and Allan Bell's audience design. This set of methodological tools taken from sociology, linguistics, intertextuality and sociolinguistics, provides a new reading of Orientalist translation which emphasises the process whereby Orientalists struggle for legitimacy in representing the Orient in their translations.
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Attig, Remy. "Translation in the Borderlands of Spanish: Balancing Power in English Translations from Judeo-Spanish and Spanglish." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37927.
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Literature emerging from borderland, transnational or diaspora contexts doesn’t always fit the mould of the dominant national culture where the author resides. Usually this literature is published in the language of the larger society, but sometimes authors prefer to use the language variety in which they write as one of many tools to resist assimilation and highlight their independent or hybrid identity; such is the case with Matilda Koén-Sarano's Judeo-Spanish folktales and Susana Chávez-Silverman’s Spanglish crónicas. When this is the case, translation from these varieties must be done in a way that preserves the resistance to assimilation in a different linguistic context.
In this thesis I begin by defining Judeo-Spanish and Spanglish as language varieties, consider who uses them, who writes in them, and the political or personal motivations of the authors. I then problematize the broad issue of translating texts written in nonstandard language varieties. I consider power in translation generally and into English more specifically. I nuance the binary between rejecting translation completely, and embracing it wholeheartedly as essential. In the final two chapters I turn my attention to specific challenges that presented themselves in translations from Judeo-Spanish and Spanglish and explain how these challenges informed my approaches and strategies.
No single translation approach or strategy emerges as a monolithic solution to all problems. Nevertheless, my original contribution to knowledge lies in the nuanced discussion and creative application of varying degrees of ethnolects (or literary dialects), writing based in phonetics, and intralinguistic translation that are explained and that are evidenced in the original translations found in the appendices.
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Pearce, Adam. "English translations of Daniel Owen 1888-2010 : nation, canon and Welsh-English cultural relations." Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/english-translations-of-daniel-owen-18882010--nation-canon-and-welshenglish-cultural-relations(b5e7018c-beda-43a7-b6da-a4c43f3ab816).html.
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U, Man Ieng. "A comparative study on translations of daily and banquet menus." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2525842.
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Brashi, Abbas S. "Arabic collocations : implications for translations." Thesis, View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20062.
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The subject of collocability has been a common concern among linguists, lexicographers, and language pedagogues recently. They find the linguistic aspect of collocation interesting, because words due not exist in isolation from other words in a language. They exist with other words. In every language, the vocabulary consists of single words and multi-word expressions. Collocations are among those multi-word expressions. The aim of this thesis is to characterize collocations in the Arabic language, to devise a classification of the semantic and the distributional patterns of collocations in the Arabic language and to examine the problems encountered in translating English collocations into Arabic. This will require an analysis of the collocational patterns in both English and Arabic, a classification of the translation outcomes, and therefore, types of errors adopted by translators, an indication of how frequent and significant each error is, and an analysis of the causes of each error.
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Brammall, Sheldon. "Translating the Prince of Poets : the politics of the English translations of the Aeneid, 1558-1632." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283905.
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Sou, Sok Va. "A study of translations of government leaflets." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1942469.
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Diehm, Erin Elizabeth. "An Analysis of Russian diminutives in Russian and English translations." Connect to resource, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1260983388.
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Slater, Catherine. "The concept of voice in English translations of Ovid's Heroides." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499416.
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An investigation of narrative voice in translation is presented here, in a way which aims to draw together the disciplines of Translation Studies, Narratology and Classical Studies. In recent Classical scholarship, there has been considerable interest in the voices that can be heard in the Latin text of Ovid's Heroides, but there has been no consideration of the way in which readers of this text in English translation may receive and interpret the narrative voice.
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Tso, Wing-bo, and 曹穎寶. "Female sexuality in Grimm's fairy tales and their English translations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26736160.
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Hassen, Rim. "English translations of the Quran by women : different or derived?" Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55511/.
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The study of gender as an analytical tool in Translation Studies has highlighted women's position as translators and creators of meaning and has opened the way for questioning established realities, "truths" and norms created by the dominant male voice. The aim of this research is to study four English translations of the Quran by women: The Quran, Arabic text with Corresponding English Meaning (1995) by Umm Muhammad, The Light of Dawn (1999) by Camille Adams Helminski, The Holy Quran: Translation with Commentary (2006) by Taheereh Saffarzadeh and The Sublime Quran (2007) by Laleh Bakhtiar, in order to determing whether these women translators are challenging or reproducing patriarchal gender hierarchies through their renditions of the Sacred Text of Islam. An important second thread is to investigate the assumption that a translator's feminine gender automatically results or leads in/to a woman-centred or feminist reading of the source text. Considering that scholars working on gender and translation have focused on various elements of the translation process, in this study, my research questions revolve around four main areas, namely (1) the role of paratexts, (2) the extent of interventions in the Sacred Text (3) linguistic choices, and finally (4) interpretation of gender-related terms. In order to address these questions, I will adopt a critical and comparative analysis between the four individual English translations of the Quran by women, the original Arabic text, and, occasionally, other English versions translated by men. The main findings reveal that there is a deep divide between translations produced by women translators living in Muslim majority countries and those living in the United States. Finally, this research suggests that the study of women's role as translators of religious texts in different cultural, social and religious settings could help produce a more nuanced and critical view of the impact of the translator's gender on his/her work.
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Widmer, Matthias. "Virgil after Dryden : eighteenth-century English translations of the Aeneid." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8109/.
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John Dryden’s 1697 translation of Virgil’s Aeneid is often seen as the pinnacle of an English tradition that read the Roman poet in primarily political terms and sought to relate his epic to contemporary matters of state. The present thesis takes a different approach by examining Dryden’s influence on his eighteenth-century successors to determine, on the one hand, what they hoped to accomplish by retranslating the same original and, on the other hand, why none of them was able to match his success. Dryden’s impact as a stylistic (rather than an ideological) model was balanced not only against a newly emphasised ideal of literalism but also against a whole range of other creative forces that posed at least an implicit challenge to his cultural dominance. Chapter 1 demonstrates Dryden’s systematic refinement of the couplet form he inherited from his predecessors and draws on his theoretical writings to suggest how it can be seen as a key aspect of his particular approach to Virgil. Chapter 2 discusses Joseph Trapp’s blank verse Aeneid and its debt to Dryden’s couplet version; I will show that the translator’s borrowings from the precursor text run directly counter to his declared ambitions to remain faithful to Virgil. Chapter 3 focusses on Christopher Pitt, the Virgil translator who came closest to paralleling Dryden’s popular acclaim; encouraged by fellow men of letters, Pitt published his translation in gradually revised instalments that reflect Dryden’s growing influence over time. Alexander Strahan, the subject of Chapter 4, aligned himself with a parallel tradition of Miltonic renderings by absorbing numerous expressions from Paradise Lost into his blank verse translation of the Aeneid and frequently used them to foreground thematic connections between the two epics; however, his revisions, too, show him moving closer to Dryden as time went by. James Beresford, discussed in Chapter 5, stands out among the other Miltonic translators by virtue of giving his borrowings in quotation marks – a practice that will be illuminated in connection with the multidisciplinary work of the artist Henry Fuseli and the equally Mil-tonic Homer translation that William Cowper composed under the latter’s supervision. Chapter 6, finally, offers an analysis of William Wordsworth’s failed attempt at translating the Aeneid. Given that he was one of the key reformers of English poetry, Wordsworth’s return to the traditional couplet form at a later stage in his career is surprising, as is the fact that his style became more Drydenian the further he proceeded.
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Smith, Karen Louise. "The translation of advertising texts : a study of English-language printed advertisments and their translations in Russian." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3044/.
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Since the end of Communism, adverts for Western products have been flooding onto the Russian market. These have undergone translation, with strategies ranging from complete transference of the source text into the target culture, to the creation of new texts based on advertisers' briefs. The choice of strategy, it appears, is dependent on the power balance between the agents of translation, including not only translators, but advertisers, designers, governments, text receivers and on the cultural, historical and economic situation in which the translation takes place. This thesis suggests advertisement translation be considered in terms of power, culture and history. A postcolonial framework is used to set out changes in translation strategy, emphasize the role of power differentials and make predictions for practice. Seeing translated adverts as `contact zones' where different cultures meet, the empirical research centres on the absorption of the `dominant's' culture into that of the `subjugated', and focuses on the interaction of `foreign' and `native' elements in these translated adverts. A parallel corpus of contemporary English adverts, their translated Russian pairs, and a control corpus of native Russian adverts provides the research data. A taxonomy of rhetorical figures employed in advertising headlines is constructed and their translation investigated, highlighting rhetorical trends, and instances where translators have been hindered by advertisers. The visibility of the linguistic Other is examined with reference to loanwords, loan meanings, calques and word formation; and two case studies relating to colour terms and names. Finally, the power relations between companies, customers and intermediaries are discussed in light of their portrayal in the translated adverts. The results show that the `post-colonial' contact zone is a mixture of `colonizer' and `colonized'; and demonstrate the necessity of giving translators the power their expert status deserves if translated adverts are to persuade the target audience.
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Chan, Red M. H. "Politics of translation : mainland Chinese novels in the Anglophone world during the post-Mao era." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273099.
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Chiu, Ching-li Lily, and 趙靜莉. "Demonstratives in literary translations: a contrastive study of English and Japanese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29815964.
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Brashi, Abbas S. "Arabic collocations implications for translations /." View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20062.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005."A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Education and Social Sciences, School of Languages and Linguistics, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2005." Includes bibliographical references and appendices.
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Zhou, Yuan Hua Claire. "A Chinese-English translation project :General Secretary Xi Jinping's growth story." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954268.
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El-Magazy, Rowaa. "An analytical study of translating the Quran : comparative analysis of nine English translations of Surah al-Anam." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416202.
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馮陳善奇 and Sydney S. K. Fung. "The poetry of Han-shan in English: a culturalapproach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224386.
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Brockman, S. (Suvi). "Dutch translations of character names in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201604071409.
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The topic of the thesis is the Dutch translations of character names in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, which is a story about how Harry Potter discovers the magical world after spending the first 11 years of his life in the ordinary, non-magical world. The book has been translated by Wiebe Buddingh’. There are altogether 112 characters in the novel, all of which have been included because effort has been made to create and translate each name. The purpose of the study was to investigate the translation of the names into the Dutch language: how they have been translated exactly and how they compare with translations into other languages. The analysis has been conducted through a careful reading of the names. The origin of the target text names was briefly examined and compared with the source text names to discover the method of translation, after which the names were categorised based on what method has been used to translate them. The categories used in this paper are the ones used by Davies (2003), who analysed culture-specific items in the Harry Potter novels. The categories are preservation, addition, omission, globalisation, localisation, transformation and creation. After analysing each name individually, an overview of the translation was formed and the results of the analysis were discussed in the context of each category. The overview also included discussion on the translation in the framework of relevant translation theories introduced in the theoretical background section. Even though I have studied Dutch for some years, I am not yet fluent in it, which is why any problems or difficulties deducting the meaning of the name were solved by consulting a native speaker of Dutch. It was found that preservation was used the most, which is probably due to the closeness of the Dutch and English cultures. Transformation was also quite common and the new names were often linked to the personality of the character or the spelling of the original name. The names were fairly descriptive and unambiguous. The analysis also revealed that there has been a shift towards the Dutch culture because of the way localisation was used: very strange names were changed into more familiar ones and some English names into Dutch ones. Overall, the level of associations in the names was less difficult than in the source text, which indicates that the target audience has been limited to children. This is probably so because it is an extremely challenging task to translate all aspects of names into another language. An unexpected finding was that the Dutch and German translations appear to be different regarding the names despite the similarities in the cultures. On the other hand, the Finnish names in the novel seemed to be translated in a relatively similar manner compared to the Dutch names. Further studies could investigate the names in the other novels of the series, and perhaps the studies could also include other culture-specific items in addition to character namesTutkielman aihe on hahmojen nimien hollanninkieliset käännökset teoksessa Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, joka on kertomus siitä, kuinka Harry Potter löytää taikamaailman vietettyään elämänsä tavallisessa maailmassa 11-vuotiaaksi asti. Hollanninkielisen käännöksen on tehnyt Wiebe Buddingh’. Romaanissa on kaiken yhteensä 112 hahmoa, ja tutkielmassa on tarkasteltu kaikkia, koska jokaisen nimen luomiseen ja kääntämiseen on nähty vaivaa. Tutkielman tarkoitus oli tutkia nimien käännöksiä hollannin kielelle: miten ne on käännetty tarkalleen ja mitä selviää, kun hollanninkielisiä nimiä verrataan muunkielisiin nimiin. Nimet on analysoitu tarkastelemalla nimiä huolellisesti. Kohdekielisten nimien alkuperät on selvitetty ja niitä on verrattu lähdekielen nimiin, jotta saadaan selville kääntämismetodi. Sen jälkeen nimet on jaettu kategorioihin kääntämismetodin perustella. Tässä tutkielmassa on käytetty samoja kategroioita kuin Davies (2003), joka tutki kulttuurisidonnaisia elementtejä Harry Potter -kirjoissa. Kategoriat ovat seuraavat: säilyttäminen, lisäys, poistaminen, globalisointi, lokalisointi, transformaatio ja luominen. Yksittäisten nimien analyysin jälkeen käännöksistä muodostettiin yleiskatsaus, jossa analyysin tulokset käydään läpi kategoria kerrallaan. Yleiskatsaus sisältää myös pohdintaa käännökseen liittyvistä käännösteorioista, jotka esitellään tutkielman teoriaosiossa. Vaikka olen opiskellut hollantia muutamia vuosia, en osaa sitä vielä sujuvasti, ja siksi tutkimuksessa on konsultoitu hollantia äidinkielenään puhuvaa henkilöä, jotta nimien tulkinnassa vastaantulevat epäselvyydet on saatu ratkaistua. Tutkimuksen tuloksista selviää, että säilyttämistä on käytetty kaikkein eniten, mikä johtunee siitä, että Hollannin ja Englannin kulttuurit ovat jokseenkin samanlaisia. Transfromaatio oli myös melko yleinen, ja sillä tavalla syntyneet uudet nimet liittyivät usein hahmon luonteeseen tai alkuperäisen nimen kirjoitusasuun. Nimet ovat kuvaavia ja yksiselitteisiä. Lokalisoinnin käyttö käännöksessä paljasti myös pienehkön muutoksen hollantilaiseen kulttuuriin päin: hyvin oudot nimet muutettiin tutummiksi ja jotkin englantilaiset nimet muutettiin hollantilaisiksi. Yleensä ottaen mielleyhtymät olivat kohdetekstissä yksinkertaisempia kuin lähdetekstissä, mistä voidaan päätellä, että käännöksen kohdeyleisöksi on rajattu lapsiin. Se johtuu nimien kääntämisen vaikeudesta, sillä on erittäin haastavaa kääntää nimen kaikki aspektit toiselle kielelle. Yllättävä havainto oli se, että hollanninkieliset ja saksankieliset nimien käännökset erosivat toisistaan, vaikka kulttuurit muistuttavat toisiaan läheisesti. Toisaalta selvisi myös, että suomenkieliset nimet on käännetty samalla tyylillä kuin hollanninkieliset. Jatkotutkimusta voitaisiin tehdä siitä, miten nimet on käännetty kirjasarjan muissa osissa, ja aineistoon voitaisiin myös sisällyttää nimien lisäksi muut kulttuurisidonnaiset elementit
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Lei, Sin I. Cindy. "Applying the equivalent theory to a translation project :Lore of Running into Chinese." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954270.
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Wang, Baorong, and 汪宝荣. "Lu Xun's fiction in English translation: the early years." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46969081.
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Becher, Viktor [Verfasser], and Juliane [Akademischer Betreuer] House. "Explicitation and implicitation in translation : a corpus-based study of English-German and German-English translations of business texts / Viktor Becher. Betreuer: Juliane House." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/102042673X/34.
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Birdwood-Hedger, Maya Irina. "Domestication and foreignization in English translations of Anna Karenina the English language or the Russian reality?" Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988591766/04.
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Wan, Teng Long. "Reconstructing cultural identity through translation : a case study of the Chinese and English translations of a Macanese novel." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2178648.
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Elgindy, A. "Translation and the construction of the religious other : a sociological approach to English translations of Islamic political discourse." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29454/.
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Translations of texts associated with the phenomenon known as ‘political Islam’ into English remain largely unexplored. The main objective of the current thesis is to develop a sociological model for the study of translations of Islamic political discourse, based on the work of Pierre Bourdieu. The basic assumptions of Bourdieu's sociological theory are adapted to formulate a methodology for the study of translations of Hassan al-Banna’s Towards the Light, and Sayyid Qutb’s Social Justice in Islam into English. The thesis discusses in detail Bourdieu's sociology of cultural production, its intellectual foundations, theoretical tools, and methodological relevance to both translation in general, and translation of Islamic discourse in particular. The research hypothesizes a field of activity which could be called ‘the field of translating political Islam’ in the Anglo-American culture. The dynamics of this field and its structure are premised on the notion of struggle over specific forms of capital between producers and co-producers of translation in this context. Bourdieu’s key concepts of field, habitus, capital, and doxa, are used to both describe and interpret the activity in this field. They are also used to provide a sociological insight into the production and consumption of translation, as well as the translatorial agency within this field.
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Della, Corte Giuseppe. "Text and Speech Alignment Methods for Speech Translation Corpora Creation : Augmenting English LibriVox Recordings with Italian Textual Translations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413064.
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The recent uprise of end-to-end speech translation models requires a new generation of parallel corpora, composed of a large amount of source language speech utterances aligned with their target language textual translations. We hereby show a pipeline and a set of methods to collect hundreds of hours of English audio-book recordings and align them with their Italian textual translations, using exclusively public domain resources gathered semi-automatically from the web. The pipeline consists in three main areas: text collection, bilingual text alignment, and forced alignment. For the text collection task, we show how to automatically find e-book titles in a target language by using machine translation, web information retrieval, and named entity recognition and translation techniques. For the bilingual text alignment task, we investigated three methods: the Gale–Church algorithm in conjunction with a small-size hand-crafted bilingual dictionary, the Gale–Church algorithm in conjunction with a bigger bilingual dictionary automatically inferred through statistical machine translation, and bilingual text alignment by computing the vector similarity of multilingual embeddings of concatenation of consecutive sentences. Our findings seem to indicate that the consecutive-sentence-embeddings similarity computation approach manages to improve the alignment of difficult sentences by indirectly performing sentence re-segmentation. For the forced alignment task, we give a theoretical overview of the preferred method depending on the properties of the text to be aligned with the audio, suggesting and using a TTS-DTW (text-to-speech and dynamic time warping) based approach in our pipeline. The result of our experiments is a publicly available multi-modal corpus composed of about 130 hours of English speech aligned with its Italian textual translation and split in 60561 triplets of English audio, English transcript, and Italian textual translation. We also post-processed the corpus so as to extract 40-MFCCs features from the audio segments and released them as a data-set.
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Craven-Bartle, Peltola Cecilia. "Changes in the Syntactic Structure in Translations from English into Swedish." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2130.
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The purpose of this essay is to study how the major syntactic structure is affected when a literary text is translated from English into Swedish. That is, to study what operations take place and the frequency of the different operations in a translation. The purpose is also to see how much the freedom of translation varies between different translators.
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Backman, Pauline. "Achieving Increased Readability : Swedish Red Cross texts and their English Translations." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28602.
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The importance of readable texts is gaining increased recognition, especially when writing for a diverse audience represented by people of various backgrounds and cultures. The present study compares the levels of readability in Swedish and English texts, from the Swedish Red Cross organisation. The Swedish texts were translated into English by the author of the present study, with the aim of producing texts written in plain English for a readership with potentially low proficiency in the language. The methods used to measure the readability levels of the source and target texts included two well-established readability tests online, a textual analysis (focused on linking words and the active vs. passive voice) and questionnaires from the Red Cross supervisor and a small group of informants representing the target readership. The results show that increased readability was achieved for the majority of the target texts compared to the corresponding source texts. However, there are results, mainly from the textual analysis, that deviate from this general picture, which may be the reason why the overall grade of the TTs is, fairly easy. However, whether the readability of the target texts is high enough for the diverse readership they are intended for is difficult to assess within the framework of the present study, such an assessment would be suitable when the texts have been available for a longer time. Keywords: readability, readability formulas, linking words, the active voice, the passive voice, English, Swedish, translation.
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Nassimi, Daoud Mohammad. "A thematic comparative review of some English translations of the Qur'an." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/263/.
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This thesis provides a thematic comparative review of some of the English translations of the Qur'an, including the works of Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Muhammad Asad, Taqiuddin Hilali and Muhsin Khan, and Zafarlshaq Ansari/Sayyid Mawdudi. In this study, a new and unique approach is used to review and compare these translations along with their commentaries. They are reviewed based on the following four Qur'anic themes: Injunctions, Stories, Parables, and Short Chapters. These are some of the key themes where the Qur'an translations, especially the ones with commentary, often differ from each other and can be assessed objectively. For each theme, three to four examples are taken as samples from the Qur'an, and they are studied from different points of view. For example, the translation of the verses with injunctions will be reviewed for their relative emphasis over the letter versus the spirit of the law, consideration of jurisprudence knowledge, overall objectives of Islamic law, issues of this age, and impact of the translator's environment. This approach is intended to identify further requirements for offering more accurate and more communicative translations of the Qur'an in the English language.
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Al-Sowaidi, Belqes Saif Abdulelah. "Textuality in near-synonyms translations of the Holy Qurʾān into English." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2628.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe Holy Qurʾān, like the Bible, is an acknowledged literary masterpiece. Its linguistic and aesthetic vivacity with an amalgam of religious beliefs, moral values, religious social orthodoxy and historical backgrounds pose a great challenge to any translator and make the task overwhelmingly arduous, if not unattainable. The study aims at examining the problems the Qurʾān translators encounter while translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English. It is based on the translations of two professional translators namely, Yusuf Ali and T.B. Irving. The translations provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the problems while translating Qurʾānnic texts into English. The corpus for the present study includes the translations of four near-synonymous pairs namely, ghayth and maṭar, al-ḥilf and al-qasm, bakhīl and shaḥīḥ and ʿāqir and ʿaqīm in their Qurʾānic context. The two translated texts are compared to determine to which extent the translations reflect the referential and the connotative meaning of the original Qurʾānic text as well as to which extent they maintain the textuality standards such as cohesion, coherence, informativity, situationality and acceptability, intentionality and intertextuality. In short, the study sets out to identify the roblematic areas in the translated Qurʾānic texts at the lexical and textual levels with a view to determining what makes one translation better than the other, or what brings one translation closer to the original text than the other.The study is an intersection between Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) and applied linguistics. The researcher consults different books on translation theories as well as of Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) to facilitate the process of analyzing the near-synonyms in their Qurʾānic context. The researcher opts for eclecticism, instead of confining to a particular rigid model or approach, which is a combination of text-analysis translation-oriented approaches of De Beaugrande & Dressler(1981); Neubert & Shreve(1992); Halliday (1994) and Hatim & Mason (1990). In addition, the study draws upon the multiple and theoretical implications of Nida's dynamic equivalence, Beekman & Callow's (1974) historical and dynamic fidelity and Gutt's (1991) relevance theory and the emphasis on communication as mainly context-dependent. These models are closely related and reliable in the process of analyzing and evaluating the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation of the Qurʾānic near-synonyms. Furthermore, the researcher suggests an outline approach for the process of analyzing the Qurʾānic near-synonyms translations in a systemic and organized way thereby ensuring maximum and effective communication of the Qurʾānic message. The study concludes that the Qurʾān translator, compared to other literary genres, faces many difficulties in translating the Qurʾānic ST message. The selected translations of the Holy Qurʾān have failed to measure up to the depth of the Qurʾānic message, its originality and the connotative shades of meanings of the original expression. The study attributes these problems to contextual, socio-cultural, theological and historical factors which create differences that lead to gaps or absence of lexicalization in the TT. Furthermore, the reliance on dictionary meaning rather than the meaning of the lexical item in context, the negligence of context culture as well as the context of situation (the reason for the revelation of the verses) affect the “periodicity” of the text as indicated by Martin & Rose (2007, p.187), that is, the information flow of the whole text. Accordingly, this affects maintaining the standards of textuality and the fidelity which a religious text should meet. The complexity of the Qurʾān as genre is a great challenge to the translator at both the lexical and Qurʾān textual levels, which dilutes the authenticity of the holy text and misrepresents its true message. The conclusion of the study which contains recommendations based on experience may prove helpful to the future novice and professional translators to improve the quality of translation in general and religious translation in particular. The study is a contribution towards a greater understanding of the subtle differences between the near-synonymous pairs in their Qurʾānic context through Arabic-English translation. It is a novel addition to the world of religious translation, Qurʾān translation, ḥadīth and in English. It also contributes to some extent to modern exegeses of the Qurʾān. It is hoped that the work will encourage further studies in the field of translation to employ a context-based linguistic approach to translating different genres and sacred texts in particular, integrating insights from applicable translation and linguistic approaches.
South Africa