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Journal articles on the topic 'Translational strategies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Algryani, Ali. "On the Translation of Linguistic Landscape: strategies and quality assessment." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 24, no. 2 (September 2021): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2021.24.2.5.

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This article studies linguistic landscape (LL) from a translational perspective. It aims to examine the translation strategies adopted in translating texts on non-official public signs and assess the quality of their translations. For accomplishing this, the author analysed a corpus of one hundred photos of public signage representing bilingual (translational) content based on two criteria. Namely, the translation strategies employed in translating public signs and the appropriateness of public signage translations for their target readers. The study concludes that several translation strategies are used to convey the informative content of public signs, such as transference, word-for-word translation, generalisation, and omission. Furthermore, the study reveals cases of inaccurate translations that can be attributed to the translator’s linguistic incompetence, improper use of translation strategies, and linguistic incompatibilities between English and Arabic. Such mistranslations distort the informative content of the original text and give rise to different interpretations. The study’s implication is to draw attention to the importance of translational content of public signs as it serves as a medium of communication and reflects the image of linguistic cityscape.

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2

Panchenko, Olena. "TRANSLATION STRATEGIES FOR CONTEXTUAL MEANING." Problems of General and Slavic Linguistics, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/251912.

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The aim of the article is to analyze translational strategies used to render a contextual meaning of a lexical unit. The article deals with the general problem of studying word translation in artistic English texts. The object of the article is the novels by K. Vonnegut. The subject of the article is translational transformations, their frequency and reliability. This problem is a topical one as any type of meaning on the one hand is a certain translational problem, on the other hand, it creates a text specificity. The material of investigation includes abstracts from various artistic texts of classical English literature. The methods of investigation are descriptive and comparative one. Thus the results of the article are the description of stylistic and translational peculiarities of contextual meaning. The mechanism of its translation was studied by a few researchers and the peculiarities of their functioning were analyzed. Translation of contextual meaning is important enough. Every language combines a form and value arbitrary enough and has specific character. All types of meaning have such inherent feature that they contrast to each other, and there are a few expressions that have different values but identical or similar form. The conclusions state that analyzing the classical English literature we can specify such translational transformations as main ones: 1) analogous translation; 2) compensation; 3) replacement. The main ways of translating this kind of words are analogue, compensation, replacement and sometimes omission which is not desirable. Their choice to a certain extent depends on the register of the context: neutral narrative, scientific or colloquial. Ther transformations in scientific context are less pronounced, there we can find analogues, antonymic translations and logical development. All types of replacements are traced in narrative register. The colloquial register may need all types of transformations, compensation among them. The prospects of our investigation are connected with studying possibilities of translating pragmaic meaning.

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Kaveyaninia, Zeinab, Dianoosh Sanei, and Reza Hajimohammadi. "Evaluation of Cultural and Ideological Manipulations in Four Persian Translations of Jhumpa Lahiri’s Hell-Heaven." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.5n.4p.53.

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The present paper examined cultural and ideological implications in translation studies. For this purpose, four Persian translations of Hell-Heaven were chosen. Hell-Heaven is a story adopted from “Unaccustomed Earth” (2008), written by the Indian-American writer, Jhumpa Lahiri. Therefore, the translations were explored to detect translators’ ideological shifts; in the way that all components of translations were pondered to detect translational adaptations chosen by four translators. The result showed that translators had adopted translational strategies such as addition, deletion and substitution to deal with American and Indian’s cultural and ideological differences.

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Almahasees, Zakaryia, Yousef Albudairi, and Hélène Jaccomard. "Translation Strategies Utilized in Rendering Social Etiquette in Holy Quran." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 6 (July 18, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n6p137.

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The study aims at filling the gap in the translation of Quranic verses concerning social etiquette[1]. Translating culture specific items (CSIs) can be challenging because certain elements have meanings particular to the culture and the language in which they appear. These meanings do not exist necessarily in other cultures. Translation strategies tend to solve translational problems by applying specific procedures to the translated text. The article at hand has studied the translation strategies used by seven translations of the Holy Quran relating to social etiquette, based on the selection of Quranic verses pertaining to social etiquette as followed by practicing Muslims through analyzing nine English translations from 1930 to 2009. It is found that the dominant translation strategy is the literal translation, with 89% of all strategies in preference to other strategies such as free translation, neutralization, paraphrasing, lexical creation, and adaptation.[1] Eittquette is defined as “a set of customs and rules for polite behaviour, especially among a particular class of people” Collins (2022).

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5

Bunnell, Bruce A. "Preclinical/translational tools & strategies." Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18609/cgti.2021.013.

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6

Fredolini, Claudia, Sanna Byström, Elisa Pin, Fredrik Edfors, Davide Tamburro, Maria Jesus Iglesias, Anna Häggmark, et al. "Immunocapture strategies in translational proteomics." Expert Review of Proteomics 13, no. 1 (November 11, 2015): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14789450.2016.1111141.

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7

Kennedy, John. "Breast Cancer—Translational Therapeutic Strategies." World Journal of Surgery 32, no. 1 (November 9, 2007): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9282-1.

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8

Dethlefsen, Les, and Thomas M. Schmidt. "Performance of the Translational Apparatus Varies with the Ecological Strategies of Bacteria." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 8 (February 2, 2007): 3237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01686-06.

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ABSTRACT Protein synthesis is the predominant activity of growing bacteria; the protein synthesis system accounts for more than one-half the cell's dry mass and consumes most of the cell's energy during rapid growth. Translation has been studied extensively using model organisms, and the translational apparatus is qualitatively similar in terms of structure and function across all known forms of life. However, little is known about variation between organisms in translational performance. Using measurements of macromolecular content in a phylogenetically diverse collection of bacteria with contrasting ecological strategies, we found that the translational power (the rate of protein synthesis normalized to the mass of the protein synthesis system) is three- to fourfold higher among bacteria that respond rapidly to nutrient availability than among bacteria that respond slowly. An analysis of codon use in completely sequenced bacterial genomes confirmed that the selective forces acting on translation vary with the ecological strategy. We propose that differences in translational power result from ecologically based variation among microbes in the relative importance of two competing benefits: reducing the biomass invested in the protein synthesis system and reducing the energetic expense of protein synthesis.

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9

Ritskes-Hoitinga, Merel, Cathalijn Leenaars, Wouter Beumer, Tineke Coenen-de Roo, Frans Stafleu, and Franck L. B. Meijboom. "Improving Translation by Identifying Evidence for More Human-Relevant Preclinical Strategies." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071170.

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Preclinical animal studies are performed to analyse the safety and efficacy of new treatments, with the aim to protect humans. However, there are questions and concerns about the quality and usefulness of preclinical animal research. Translational success rates vary between 0 and 100%, and no clear relationship has been found with possible predictive factors such as animal species or field of research. Therefore, it is not yet possible to indicate what factors predict successful translation. Translational strategies were therefore discussed at an international conference held in the Netherlands in November 2019, aiming to develop practical guidelines for more robust animal-to-human translation. The conference was organised during the course of a research project funded by the Dutch Research Council (313-99-310), addressing possible solutions for the low translational values that had been published for a multitude of animal studies in human health care. This article provides an overview of the project and the conference discussions. Based on the conference results and the findings from the research project, we define four points of attention that are crucial in the search for improved translational success rates: (a) optimising the methods and design of studies; (b) incorporation of the complexity of the human patient in research; (c) start with the patient rather than existing animal models as the gold standard; and (d) more and better collaboration within the chain from funding to pharmacy. We conclude that this requires improved organization and use of procedures, as well as a change of attitude and culture in research, including a consideration of the translational value of animal-free innovations and human-relevant science.

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Aldini, G., N. Chondrogianni, T. Grune, I. Sadowska-Bartosz, J. Sereikaite, M. Stefek, G. Vistoli, and G. Bartosz. "Strategies to prevent post-translational proteinmodifications." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 65 (September 2013): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.128.

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11

Kamran, Mohammad Zahid, Atul Ranjan, Navrinder Kaur, Souvik Sur, and Vibha Tandon. "Radioprotective Agents: Strategies and Translational Advances." Medicinal Research Reviews 36, no. 3 (January 25, 2016): 461–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/med.21386.

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12

Vonk, Richardus. "Translational medicine: strategies and statistical methods." Pharmaceutical Statistics 11, no. 4 (May 3, 2012): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pst.1516.

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13

Abdurabuh, Ali Abdullah Omar. "ASPECTS OF TRANSLATIONAL CREATIVITY." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Humanity and Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-hs.2022.4.213.

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Translational creativity is still fertilize area of research due to the big focus of translation theories on equivalence and recently on cultural turn. This paper sheds light on the main aspects of translational creativity along with exploring the strategies involved under such aspects. Visualization is one of the most prominent aspect that can be applicable with higher level of effectiveness specially when translating metaphorical language and idioms.

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14

Cummings, Jeffrey L., Sarah J. Banks, Ronald K. Gary, Jefferson W. Kinney, Joseph M. Lombardo, Ryan R. Walsh, and Kate Zhong. "Alzheimer's disease drug development: translational neuroscience strategies." CNS Spectrums 18, no. 3 (March 11, 2013): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852913000023.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an urgent public health challenge that is rapidly approaching epidemic proportions. New therapies that defer or prevent the onset, delay the decline, or improve the symptoms are urgently needed. All phase 3 drug development programs for disease-modifying agents have failed thus far. New approaches to drug development are needed. Translational neuroscience focuses on the linkages between basic neuroscience and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic products that will improve the lives of patients or prevent the occurrence of brain disorders. Translational neuroscience includes new preclinical models that may better predict human efficacy and safety, improved clinical trial designs and outcomes that will accelerate drug development, and the use of biomarkers to more rapidly provide information regarding the effects of drugs on the underlying disease biology. Early translational research is complemented by later stage translational approaches regarding how best to use evidence to impact clinical practice and to assess the influence of new treatments on the public health. Funding of translational research is evolving with an increased emphasis on academic and NIH involvement in drug development. Translational neuroscience provides a framework for advancing development of new therapies for AD patients.

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15

Araghian, Roya, Behzad Ghonsooly, and Afsaneh Ghanizadeh. "Investigating problem-solving strategies of translation trainees with high and low levels of self-efficacy." Translation, Cognition & Behavior 1, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 74–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00004.ara.

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Abstract Translatology adopts psychological and cognitive approaches to study the complex processes underlying translational phenomena. As such, it deals with both translations and the translators who produce them. The present study uses think-aloud protocols and keystroke logging to explore the impact of affective factors such as self-efficacy beliefs on the selection and application of translation problem-solving strategies by a group of trainee translators completing a translation task. Four translation trainees completed a Translation Self-efficacy Questionnaire. Participants with both high and low self-efficacy rankings were asked to translate a text using the Translog keylogger while simultaneously verbalizing their mental processes. Analysis of the verbal protocols indicated considerable differences within the group regarding the cognitive and metacognitive strategies that they chose to employ. The results suggested that low self-efficacy leads subjects to spend too much time translating, due to repeated attempts at production and extensive revision. Implications of the findings for translator training are discussed.

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Jawad, Hisham A. "Repetition in Literary Arabic: Foregrounding, Backgrounding, and Translation Strategies." Meta 54, no. 4 (February 1, 2010): 753–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038902ar.

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Abstract The paper investigates lexical repetition in Arabic original literary texts and English translations. The empirical base material consists of a three-part autobiography (al-Ayyām, by Tāhā Hussein) and its translation (The Days). The method involves a mapping of the target text (TT) onto the source text (ST) so as to see how instances of lexical repetition are rendered into the translations and what are the strategies and norms involved in determining certain translation choices. Three types of lexical repetition are studied: lexical-item repetition, lexical-doublet repetition and phrase repetition. Lexical repetition serves two major functions, namely textual and rhetorical. The textual function concerns the potential of repetition for organising the text and rendering it cohesive, while the rhetorical foregrounds a mental image or invokes emotions in emotive language. It is observed that the translation of the autobiography’s second part is characterised mainly by the absence of lexical repetition, contrary to the translations of the first and third parts. Thus, the target text misrepresents the original author as passing through three stages of textual, stylistic development. As to the translation strategies, the findings suggest that the translators vary the ST by using different patterns of reference. Rhetorical repetition is backgrounded by at least one translator who replaces it with pervasive variation. It is argued that the ambivalence of their approaches leads to a misrepresentation of the original text (and perhaps the author) as rather uneven.The strategies for translating lexical repetition highlight the translators’ individual attitudes towards the ST’s norms and their adherence to the linguistic and cultural norms prevalent in the TL environment. On the whole, there is a variation in the degree of bias towards the norms of either SL or TL. In terms of Toury’s norms model, it may be safe to claim that the general trend of translational norms seems to lean more towards the acceptability pole than the adequacy pole, i.e., a TL-oriented strategy is opted for.

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17

Gil-Bazo, Ignacio. "Novel translational strategies in colorectal cancer research." World Journal of Gastroenterology 13, no. 44 (2007): 5902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i44.5902.

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18

Thakur, Vishal, Anuradha Bishnoi, Keshavamurthy Vinay, Sendhil M. Kumaran, and Davinder Parsad. "Vitiligo: Translational research and effective therapeutic strategies." Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research 34, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 814–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12974.

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19

Bednasz, Cindy J., Qing Ma, and Gene D. Morse. "Translational pharmacology and HIV reservoir eradication strategies." Future Virology 12, no. 11 (November 2017): 631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2017-0091.

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20

Pagnotti, Gabriel M., Trupti Trivedi, and Khalid S. Mohammad. "Translational Strategies to Target Metastatic Bone Disease." Cells 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11081309.

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Metastatic bone disease is a common and devastating complication to cancer, confounding treatments and recovery efforts and presenting a significant barrier to de-escalating the adverse outcomes associated with disease progression. Despite significant advances in the field, bone metastases remain presently incurable and contribute heavily to cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms associated with metastatic bone disease perpetuation and paralleled disruption of bone remodeling are highlighted to convey how they provide the foundation for therapeutic targets to stem disease escalation. The focus of this review aims to describe the preclinical modeling and diagnostic evaluation of metastatic bone disease as well as discuss the range of therapeutic modalities used clinically and how they may impact skeletal tissue.

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21

Dimmeler, Stefanie, Sheng Ding, Thomas A. Rando, and Alan Trounson. "Translational strategies and challenges in regenerative medicine." Nature Medicine 20, no. 8 (August 2014): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3627.

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22

Kensler, Thomas W., Geng-Sun Qian, Jian-Guo Chen, and John D. Groopman. "Translational strategies for cancer prevention in liver." Nature Reviews Cancer 3, no. 5 (May 2003): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1076.

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23

Mozafari, Masoud, and James J. Yoo. "Decellularization and recellularization strategies for translational medicine." Methods 171 (January 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.12.005.

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24

Kaput, J., J. Monteiro, and M. Morine. "Developing N of 1 translational research strategies." PharmaNutrition 2, no. 3 (July 2014): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2013.11.014.

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25

Berglund, Lars, and Alice Tarantal. "Strategies for Innovation and Interdisciplinary Translational Research." Journal of Investigative Medicine 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/jim.0b013e3181982794.

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26

Benedyk, Mark, Lars Berglund, Marc Facciotti, William Mobley, and Deborah Zucker. "Strategies for Innovation and Interdisciplinary Translational Research." Journal of Investigative Medicine 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/jim.0b013e318198bcc2.

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27

Pomella, Silvia, Antonella Porrazzo, Matteo Cassandri, Simona Camero, Silvia Codenotti, Luisa Milazzo, Francesca Vulcano, et al. "Translational Implications for Radiosensitizing Strategies in Rhabdomyosarcoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 13281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113281.

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Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence that includes FP-RMS, harboring the fusion oncoprotein PAX3/7-FOXO1 and FN-RMS, often mutant in the RAS pathway. Risk stratifications of RMS patients determine different prognostic groups and related therapeutic treatment. Current multimodal therapeutic strategies involve surgery, chemotherapy (CHT) and radiotherapy (RT), but despite the deeper knowledge of response mechanisms underpinning CHT treatment and the technological improvements that characterize RT, local failures and recurrence frequently occur. This review sums up the RMS classification and the management of RMS patients, with special attention to RT treatment and possible radiosensitizing strategies for RMS tumors. Indeed, RMS radioresistance is a clinical problem and further studies aimed at dissecting radioresistant molecular mechanisms are needed to identify specific targets to hit, thus improving RT-induced cytotoxicity.

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Smith, Richard W. P., Sheila V. Graham, and Nicola K. Gray. "Regulation of translation initiation by herpesviruses." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 4 (July 22, 2008): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360701.

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Viruses are dependent upon the host cell protein synthesis machinery, thus they have developed a range of strategies to manipulate host translation to favour viral protein synthesis. Consequently, the study of viral translation has been a powerful tool for illuminating many aspects of cellular translational control. Although much work to date has focused on translational regulation by RNA viruses, DNA viruses have also evolved complex mechanisms to regulate protein synthesis. Here we summarize work on a large family of DNA viruses, the Herpesviridae, which have evolved mechanisms to sustain efficient cap-dependent translation and to regulate the translation of specific viral mRNAs.

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Choe, Han Kyoung, and Jun Cho. "Comprehensive Genome-Wide Approaches to Activity-Dependent Translational Control in Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051592.

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Activity-dependent regulation of gene expression is critical in experience-mediated changes in the brain. Although less appreciated than transcriptional control, translational control is a crucial regulatory step of activity-mediated gene expression in physiological and pathological conditions. In the first part of this review, we overview evidence demonstrating the importance of translational controls under the context of synaptic plasticity as well as learning and memory. Then, molecular mechanisms underlying the translational control, including post-translational modifications of translation factors, mTOR signaling pathway, and local translation, are explored. We also summarize how activity-dependent translational regulation is associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and depression. In the second part, we highlight how recent application of high-throughput sequencing techniques has added insight into genome-wide studies on translational regulation of neuronal genes. Sequencing-based strategies to identify molecular signatures of the active neuronal population responding to a specific stimulus are discussed. Overall, this review aims to highlight the implication of translational control for neuronal gene regulation and functions of the brain and to suggest prospects provided by the leading-edge techniques to study yet-unappreciated translational regulation in the nervous system.

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Baker, Mona. "The Role of Corpora in Investigating the Linguistic Behaviour of Professional Translators." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.4.2.05bak.

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The Translational English Corpus held at the Centre for Translation Studies at UMIST is a computerised collection of authentic, published translations into English from a variety of source languages and by a wide range of professional translators. This resource provides the basis for investigating a range of issues related to the distinctive nature of translated text, the style of individual translators, the impact of individual source languages on the patterning of English, the impact of text type on translation strategies, and other issues of interest to both the translation scholar and the linguist. Most importantly, this concrete resource allows us to develop a framework for investigating the validity of theoretical statements about the nature of translation with reference to actual translation practice.

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Woodward, Katrina, and Nikolay E. Shirokikh. "Translational control in cell ageing: an update." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 6 (December 16, 2021): 2853–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20210844.

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Cellular ageing is one of the main drivers of organismal ageing and holds keys towards improving the longevity and quality of the extended life. Elucidating mechanisms underlying the emergence of the aged cells as well as their altered responses to the environment will help understanding the evolutionarily defined longevity preferences across species with different strategies of survival. Much is understood about the role of alterations in the DNA, including many epigenetic modifications such as methylation, in relation to the aged cell phenotype. While transcriptomes of the aged cells are beginning to be better-characterised, their translational responses remain under active investigation. Many of the translationally controlled homeostatic pathways are centred around mitigation of DNA damage, cell stress response and regulation of the proliferative potential of the cells, and thus are critical for the aged cell function. Translation profiling-type studies have boosted the opportunities in discovering the function of protein biosynthesis control and are starting to be applied to the aged cells. Here, we provide a summary of the current knowledge about translational mechanisms considered to be commonly altered in the aged cells, including the integrated stress response-, mechanistic target of Rapamycin- and elongation factor 2 kinase-mediated pathways. We enlist and discuss findings of the recent works that use broad profiling-type approaches to investigate the age-related translational pathways. We outline the limitations of the methods and the remaining unknowns in the established ageing-associated translation mechanisms, and flag translational mechanisms with high prospective importance in ageing, for future studies.

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Parajuli, Surya B., P. Bhattarai, and Heera KC. "Translational research: Current status, challenges and future strategies in Nepal." Nepalese Heart Journal 15, no. 2 (November 12, 2018): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v15i2.21469.

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The concept of translational research is emerging around the globe. The practice of clinical care, health promotion and health care delivery system need to be evidence based. Translational research is the utmost solution to generate evidence and implement the scientific findings. Now the time has come to conduct translational research in Nepal to generate our own evidence and to integrate it into the policy of new federal health system. The objective of this review article was to identify status, challenges and future strategies of translational research in Nepal.

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Bolaños Cuéllar, Sergio. "Equivalence within the Dynamic Translation Model (DTM): Default Equivalence Position, Equivalence Range, Initiator’s Instructions, and Translational Norms." Forma y Función 29, no. 2 (September 26, 2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/fyf.v29n2.60194.

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Within the framework of a Dynamic Translation Model (DTM) (Bolaños, 2008) an attempt is made to show how equivalence is actually a key concept for the definition and explanation of translation. Central to this modern approach to translational equivalence is the relationship that holds between the Default Equivalence Position (DEP), Equivalence Range (ER), Initiator’s Instructions (II), and Translational Norms (TN). In this approach it is also clear that the explanatory power of the concept of equivalence is widened and it becomes suitable to adequately account for the different types of equivalence that are established in different text types (literary, scientific, and appellative texts), when several translational strategies are used, e.g. by resorting to domesticating or foreignizing linguistic resources.

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Taylor, D. P., M. Yoshida, K. Fuller, W. V. Giannobile, C. S. Sfeir, W. R. Wagner, and D. H. Kohn. "Translating Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Regenerative Medicine Innovations to the Clinic through Interdisciplinary Commercial Translation Architecture." Journal of Dental Research 100, no. 10 (April 27, 2021): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345211009502.

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Few university-based regenerative medicine innovations in the dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) space have been commercialized and affected clinical practice in the United States. An analysis of the commercial translation literature and National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research’s (NIDCR’s) portfolio identified barriers to commercial translation of university-based DOC innovations. To overcome these barriers, the NIDCR established the Dental Oral Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration Consortium. We provide generalized strategies to inform readers how to bridge the “valley of death” and more effectively translate DOC technologies from the research laboratory or early stage company environment to clinical trials and bring needed innovations to the clinic. Three valleys of death are covered: 1) from basic science to translational development, 2) from translational technology validation to new company formation (or licensing to an existing company), and 3) from new company formation to scaling toward commercialization. An adapted phase-gate model is presented to inform DOC regenerative medicine teams how to involve regulatory, manufacturability, intellectual property, competitive assessments, business models, and commercially oriented funding mechanisms earlier in the translational development process. An Industrial Partners Program describes how to conduct market assessments, industry maps, business development processes, and industry relationship management methods to sustain commercial translation through the later-stage valley of death. Paramount to successfully implementing these methods is the coordination and collaboration of interdisciplinary teams around specific commercial translation goals and objectives. We also provide several case studies for translational projects with an emphasis on how they addressed DOC biomaterials for tissue regeneration within a rigorous commercial translation development environment. These generalized strategies and methods support innovations within a university-based and early stage company-based translational development process, traversing the many funding gaps in dental, oral, and craniofacial regenerative medicine innovations. Although the focus is on shepherding technologies through the US Food and Drug Administration, the approaches are applicable worldwide.

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Serpa, Talita, Paula Tavares Pinto, and Diva Cardoso De Camargo. "A Corpus-based Proposal for Teaching a Translational Habitus: Initial dialogues with Bourdieu’s sociological approaches." TRANS. Revista de Traductología, no. 25 (December 30, 2021): 507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/trans.2021.v1i25.8584.

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There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of Social Sciences in Translation Studies, such as the discussions surrounding the translational habitus, developed by Simeoni, Wolf, Inghilleri and Sela-Sheffy. In our research, we associate these ideas to corpora methodologies to analyse terminological usages as part of a professional behaviour. We hypothesise that when translation students previously face the most frequent terms extracted from a parallel corpus as well as their keyness and contexts, they replicate the same translational strategies in their texts, which can indicate their competencies eligible by their habitus.

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Wang, Yue, and Xiaowen Ji. "A Study of Translation Strategies of Animated Film Titles from the Perspective of Eco-translatology." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1201.09.

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In recent years, the animated film industry is booming and attracting more and more attention. This study, under the guidance of Eco-translatology, revolves around both E-C and C-E animated film title translation, analyzing its translational eco-environment and three-dimensional transformations. Use of main translation strategies of animated film titles, which are transliteration, literal translation, free translation and creative translation, is analyzed. It is found that free translation is the mainstream in both C-E and E-C translation of animated film titles while that creative translation is the least frequently used method.

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Stahl, Guillaume, Samia N. Ben Salem, Lifeng Chen, Bing Zhao, and Philip J. Farabaugh. "Translational Accuracy during Exponential, Postdiauxic, and Stationary Growth Phases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 2 (April 2004): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.2.331-338.2004.

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ABSTRACT When the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shifts from rapid growth on glucose to slow growth on ethanol, it undergoes profound changes in cellular metabolism, including the destruction of most of the translational machinery. We have examined the effect of this metabolic change, termed the diauxic shift, on the frequency of translational errors. Recoding sites are mRNA sequences that increase the frequency of translational errors, providing a convenient reporter of translational accuracy. We found that the diauxic shift causes no overall change in translational accuracy but does cause a strong reduction in the frequency of one type of programmed error: Ty +1 frameshifting. Genetic data suggest that this effect may be due to changes in the relative amounts of tRNA participating in translation elongation. We discuss possible implications for expression strategies that use recoding.

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Quarells, Rakale Collins, Winifred Thompson, Elleen Yancey, and Tabia Akintobi. "3519 Community Engagement And Health Disparities In Clinical And Translational Research Course: A Joint Academic Institution Approach." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.153.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Current translational research moves beyond bench to bedside and includes translating scientific evidence to clinical practice and into the community settings (T1-T5). This progression is dynamic, involving patient-physician, community, and academic organizational structures and translational strategies. However, basic and clinician scientists are often unprepared and/or ill equipped to successfully conduct community-engaged research which may aid in more efficient translation of their research findings. The recognized need for such training was the impetus for our course which was originally designed and implemented through the innovative and sustainable joint academic-community partnerships of Morehouse School of Medicine and Emory University with the support of Georgia Institute of Technology. Since that time the course has evolved with the recently added partner, University of Georgia. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Initially developed and implemented in 2008, the course continues through the Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance, Community Engagement and Research Program (GaCTSA/CERP), a Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) (UL1TR002378). The course is an introduction to community-engaged research concepts/methods. This includes behavioral science; community engagement principles; clinical translational research partnerships; and strategies in planning, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating community-engaged research to address health disparities. The course is open to the four GaCTSA academic institutions’ faculty, MD, PhD, MS in Clinical Research, and the Graduate Certificate in Translational Science students. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Students received scholarly and hands-on training in community engaged research through faculty- and community member-led didactic lectures/interactions, team science activities, and a final assignment involving work with a community-based organization. From 2008-2017 over 230 students have matriculated through this course and many are now involved in community-engaged translational research. Most students in the class were MD/PhD students (33%), however 21% were junior faculty, attending physicians (21%), or fellows/residents/ postdocs (15%). Evaluations over the years indicate that most students were unware of Community-Based Participatory or community-engagement strategies for conducting translational research. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Effective application of community-engaged translational research requires essential skills training to facilitate the translational research paradigm. Translational researchers, at any stage, will benefit from understanding the entire translational research process and the importance of quickly bringing research advances to patients and the community.

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Zughoul, Muhammad Raji, and Hussein Abdul-Fattah. "Translational Collocational Strategies of Arab Learners of English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 49, no. 1 (August 14, 2003): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.49.1.05zug.

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Arab learners of English encounter a serious problem with collocational sequences. The present study purports to determine the extent to which university English language majors can use English collocations properly. A two-form translation test of 16 Arabic collocations was administered to both graduate and undergraduate students of English. The first form included the English translation in a multiple-choice format whereas the other was given as a free translation task. The findings confirmed the writers’ hypothesis that Arab learners of English at all levels face difficulty with English collocations. Moreover, the study aimed at the characterization of the communicative strategies imple-mented by the subjects in their attempts to convey the English meaning. Twelve such strategies have been identified, exemplified and described. The findings have substanti-ated the role of the NL in FL production as well as the need for explicit instructional focus on collocation in school and university.

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Armanios, Mary, Rafael de Cabo, Joan Mannick, Linda Partridge, Jan van Deursen, and Saul Villeda. "Translational strategies in aging and age-related disease." Nature Medicine 21, no. 12 (December 2015): 1395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.4004.

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Hecht, Michael L., and Michelle Miller-Day. "The Drug Resistance Strategies Project as Translational Research." Journal of Applied Communication Research 35, no. 4 (November 2007): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00909880701611086.

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Neuwelt, Edward, N. Joan Abbott, Lauren Abrey, William A. Banks, Brian Blakley, Thomas Davis, Britta Engelhardt, et al. "Strategies to advance translational research into brain barriers." Lancet Neurology 7, no. 1 (January 2008): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70326-5.

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Soderquest, K., and G. M. Lord. "Strategies for Translational Research in the United Kingdom." Science Translational Medicine 2, no. 53 (October 13, 2010): 53cm28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3001129.

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Willis, Amy D., and Samuel S. Minot. "Strategies to Facilitate Translational Advances from Microbiome Surveys." Trends in Microbiology 28, no. 5 (May 2020): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.002.

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Willis, Amy D., and Samuel S. Minot. "Strategies to Facilitate Translational Advances from Microbiome Surveys." Trends in Microbiology 28, no. 7 (July 2020): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2020.05.005.

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Abou-El-Enein, Mohamed, Georg N. Duda, Elliott A. Gruskin, and David W. Grainger. "Strategies for Derisking Translational Processes for Biomedical Technologies." Trends in Biotechnology 35, no. 2 (February 2017): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.07.007.

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Raza, Chand, Rabia Anjum, and Noor ul Ain Shakeel. "Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms, translational models and management strategies." Life Sciences 226 (June 2019): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.057.

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Cowan, Kyra J., Kerstin Kleinschmidt-Dörr, Anne Gigout, Flavie Moreau, Jeff Kraines, Robert Townsend, Hugues Dolgos, and Julie DeMartino. "Translational strategies in drug development for knee osteoarthritis." Drug Discovery Today 25, no. 6 (June 2020): 1054–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.015.

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Veesenmeyer, Jeffrey L., Alan R. Hauser, Thiago Lisboa, and Jordi Rello. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and therapy: Evolving translational strategies*." Critical Care Medicine 37, no. 5 (May 2009): 1777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e31819ff137.

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Sakamaki, Ippei, Hong Qin, and Larry W. Kwak. "Translational development of vaccination strategies in follicular NHL." Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 24, no. 2 (June 2011): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beha.2011.03.007.

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