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Journal articles on the topic 'Translation problematics'
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1
Raynova, Yvanka B. "Philosophische Übersetzung zwischen "sprachlicher Gewaltanwendung" und translativer Hermeneutik. Translatorische Überlegungen aus der Sicht der Übersetzung(en) von Jean-Paul Sartres 'L'être et le néant'." Labyrinth 21, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25180/lj.v21i2.190.
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Philosophical translation between "linguistic violence" and translative hermeneutics. Translational considerations from the perspective of the translation(s) of Jean-Paul Sartre's L'être et le néant The establishment of translatology as a scientific discipline is a late phenomenon to which not only linguistics but also the philosophy of language has contributed significantly. Although the considerations of Schleiermacher, Ricoeur, Derrida, Balibar, Cassin and other philosophers are very stimulating for the examination of the translation problematics, they do not offer a particular translation theory of philosophical texts. Most of their works are of little help in practice when it comes to translating a complicated philosophical text. That is why I will take in this paper the opposite path and start from my own experience as a translator of philosophical literature into Bulgarian and, more concretely, from my translation of Jean-Paul Sartre's L'être et le néant. On the base of this key work of contemporary philosophy and its translations into different languages, I will address the difficulties and the specifics of philosophical translation, discuss various translation methods, and argue several theses, which could serve as impulses for a further development of translation theory and translation practice in the field of philosophy.
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Rokib, Mohammad. "BOOK REVIEW. TA’WIL PROBLEMATICS AS EASTERN HERMENEUTICS IN LITERARY APPROACH." Jurnal Humaniora 27, no. 2 (February 25, 2017): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v27i2.22444.
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In the development of humanities in Indonesia, particularly literature, hermeneutics can be regarded as a relatively new approach. There are still a few literary studies involving solely this approach. Similarly, it has been difficult to find Indonesian written works, particularly books, that specifically discuss hermeneutics except those that are translation works. A book entitled Hermeneutika Sastra Barat dan Timur written by Abdul Hadi W.M. is one of the efforts to fill the gap in hermeneutic discourse in the approach of literary study in Indonesia.
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Antoon, Sinan. "Sargon Boulus and Tu Fu’s Ghost(s)." Journal of World Literature 2, no. 3 (2017): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00203005.
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Sargon Boulus (1944–2007) is widely acclaimed as one of the pioneers of modern Arabic poetry. The trajectories of his life and work make him an appealing subject through which one may explore the dialogues his work initiated, and the horizons that it opened, between Arabic literature and world poetry. His work and the way it has been largely ignored or (mis)read can even highlight some of the problematics and limitations of the category of “world” literature and its institutional networks and asymmetries. The recent publication of his anthology of selected translations from world literature and collected interviews is an opportunity to study his work as a translator more seriously. This essay takes stock of his contributions and traces his curious affinity with the Chinese poet Tu Fu (712–770). It concludes by reading two of his late poems and links them to his own ethics and politics of translation and writing.
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Hughes, Derek. "Dialogic Education and the Problematics of Translation in Homer and Greek Tragedy, by Jan Parker." Translation and Literature 12, no. 2 (September 2003): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2003.12.2.274.
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El-Zeiny, Iman. "Criteria for the translation and assessment of Qur’anic metaphor." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 3 (November 10, 2011): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.3.01zei.
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This paper discusses different approaches to the translation of Qur’anic metaphor, as one of the semantic problematic areas in translating the Qur’an, with a view to recommending principled criteria for translating Qur’anic metaphor. An attempt has been made to analyze, compare and assess six different approaches to the translation of Qur’anic metaphor and a blueprint is provided. The six selected translations are those by Sale (first published in1734), Ali (first published in 1937), Arberry (first published in 1955), Dawood (first published in 1956), Khatib (first published in 1986) and Khān–Hilālī (1996 edition). These translatons represent different orientations in translating the Muslim’s holy Book. Moreover, their translations are regularly reprinted.
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Bova, John. "Minimal Sartre: Diagonalization and Pure Reflection." Open Philosophy 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 360–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2018-0026.
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AbstractThese remarks take up the reflexive problematics of Being and Nothingness and related texts from a metalogical perspective. A mutually illuminating translation is posited between, on the one hand, Sartre’s theory of pure reflection, the linchpin of the works of Sartre’s early period and the site of their greatest difficulties, and, on the other hand, the quasi-formalism of diagonalization, the engine of the classical theorems of Cantor, Godel, Tarski, Turing, etc. Surprisingly, the dialectic of mathematical logic from its inception through the discovery of the diagonal theorems can be recognized as a particularly clear instance of the drama of reflection according to Sartre, especially in the positing and overcoming of its proper valueideal, viz. the synthesis of consistency and completeness. Conversely, this translation solves a number of systematic problems about pure reflection’s relations to accessory reflection, phenomenological reflection, pre-reflective self-consciousness, conversion, and value. Negative foundations, the metaphysical position emerging from this translation between existential philosophy and metalogic, concurs by different paths with Badiou’s Being and Event in rejecting both ontotheological foundationalisms and constructivist antifoundationalisms.
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Antonova, Anna. "Three Faces of the Monster: Interpreting Disability and Creating Meaning in Translations of Alice Munro’s “Child’s Play”." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 11, no. 1 (August 6, 2019): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/tc29400.
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This article addresses the problematics of creating meaning in literary translation by comparing three versions of Alice Munro’s short story “Child’s Play” translated into German, Ukrainian, and Russian. Proceeding from a fluid and unstable source text that represents the conflict of socially perpetuated normative thinking and non-conforming “monstrous” bodies marked by intellectual disability, the translators renegotiate the meaning of embodied otherness and its stigmatization in society in unique ways that reflect their personal perspectives on translation and individual agendas in their translation projects. Munro’s focus on the relationship between a special needs girl and the narrator responsible for her death exposes the society’s deeply ingrained aversion, fear, and hate against people with intellectual disabilities. These prejudiced views find their expression in equating “special” bodies with passive objects, repulsive animal-like creatures, and wild monsters. However, this metaphorical language reflects first and foremost on the narrator, whose hateful speech, breaking through the surface of her seemingly impartial account, unmasks the true faces of the victim and the perpetrator. Each translator ascribes a different meaning to Munro’s deliberately ambiguous narrative: while the German version accentuates the original’s insistence on complexity and uncertainty, the Ukrainian translation increases intensity of the protagonist’s emotional involvement bringing her hatred and disgust to the extreme to make a point about social marginalization of the vulnerable other. The Russian text, conversely, rationalizes the narrator’s actions and turns her tale into a deeply tragic personal confession to align it with a typical plotline of the Russian literary tradition. Overall, three target-language versions of the story add new dimensions to the original text and further destabilize it by consolidating their preferred readings in their treatment of the socially constructed opposition between “monstrous” and “normal”.
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SHEMYAKIN, Yakov. "Cultural Transfer and Dialogue of Cultures in the Russian and Latin American Civilizational Borderlands." Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, no. 4-2020/1-2021 (2021): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2021-1-110-127.
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The article compares “cultural transfer” and “dialogue of cultures” as socio-cultural realities in two "border" civilizations of planetary scale – Latin America and Russia. The author develops and illustrates the thesis that identity of subjects of intercultural interaction is a necessary precondition and the key to cultural transfer. The focus is on the problematics of the dialogue of cultures. According to the author, the basic reason for all difficulties to put into practice the ideal of dialogue consists in what W. O. Quine described as the problem of "radical translation", that is, of understanding texts created within another culture based on essentially different views about the universe and life.
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Mohar, Tjaša, Sara Orthaber, and Tomaž Onič. "Machine Translated Atwood: Utopia or Dystopia?" ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 17, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.17.1.125-141.
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Margaret Atwood’s masterful linguistic creativity exceeds the limits of ordinary discourse. Her elliptical language contributes to interpretative gaps, while the ambiguity and openness of her texts intentionally deceive the reader. The translator of Atwood’s texts therefore faces the challenge of identifying the rich interpretative potential of the original, as well as of preserving it in the target language. Witnessing the rise of artificial intelligence, a natural question arises whether a human translator could ever be replaced by a machine in translating such challenging texts. This article aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on literary machine translation by examining the translations of Atwood’s “Life Stories” generated by two neural machine translation (NMT) systems and comparing them to those produced by translation students. We deliberately chose a literary text where the aesthetic value depends mostly on the author’s personal style, and which we had presumed would be problematic to translate.
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Al Aqad, Mohammed H., Thabet Ahmad Thabet Ahmad, Ahmad Arifin Bin Sapar, Mohammad Bin Hussin, Ros Aiza Mohd Mokhtar, and Abd Hakim Mohad. "The possible reasons for misunderstanding the meanings of puns in the Holy Quran from Arabic into English." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v5i4.3708.
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Translation of the Qur’an is still a problematic issue for each translator in the Islamic theology, because the Quran has numerous Islamic terms/words that hold multiple or double meanings, which cause problems in translation. These problems are due to the dissimilar translations of puns (tawriyah) and the misinterpretations between the intended meanings of puns with their inherent notions, which could result in a certain amount of ambiguity. and end up translating in superficial sense. This research deals with the challenges of translating the meanings of puns (tawriyah) from the Quran into English. The research corpus is based on several verses (Ayat) selected from the Holy Quran. The objectives of the study are to determine the types of English puns in the Quranic text to identify causes for misunderstanding the meanings of puns in the Holy Quran from Arabic into English.Keywords: The Holy Quran, puns misunderstanding, delabastita strategies, reasons for misinterpreting the Quran.
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Lee, Tong King. "Translating anglophobia." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 228–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.2.04lee.
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This article examines problems arising from biliterate performances in English and Chinese in the context of the sociolinguistics of Singapore. The questions asked include: What are the ramifications of translating Chinese literature carrying anglophobic themes into English? How might translation displace anglophobic readings from Chinese literary works? What kind of identity discourse do self-translation practices engender? The article examines three cases of cross-linguistic practice as biliterate modalities in Singapore, with an eye on the identity discourse emanating from the translational space between English and Chinese in each case. In the first case, it is argued that the English translation of a Chinese poem with an anglophobic stance triggers an ironic self-reflexivity on the part of the target text reader and has the potential to exacerbate the cultural anxiety faced by the Chinese-speaking Self in the source text. The second case presents an example where the anglophobic interpretation of a Chinese play can potentially be ‘unread’ through the homogenization of code-switching through translation. In the final case of a self-translating playwright, it is found that English-Chinese and Chinese-English translations establish an asymmetric symbiosis whereby translation creates an interliminal space in which a hybrid identity discourse is negotiated. The three cases illustrate the tensions and paradoxes residing in the translational space between English and Chinese in Singapore, pointing to the problematic of interand cross-cultural communication in the multilingual state.
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Teahan, Sheila. "The Rhetoric of Consciousness in Henry James." Keeping Ourselves Alive 3, no. 2-3 (January 1, 1993): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.3.2-3.02rhe.
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Abstract Although traditionally viewed from a phenomenological perspective, Henry James's compositional device of the center of consciousness can be understood rhetorically as a representational strategy that illustrates the problematics of figurative language and causality. The Jamesian reflector does not simply "re-flect" but crucially intervenes in the causal logic of the texts it claims to focalize. The reflector's relation to the material he or she mediates is one of catachresis, or of "translation," of figurative transfer without a nonfigurative ground. But the rhetorical consequences of this catachrestic mediation cannot be reconciled with James's claims for the center of consciousness as the formal and meta-physical ground of his fictions. James's center of consciousness texts typically reach a representational impasse that thematizes this incompatibility and sacri-fices the central consciousness himself or herself in an allegory of this rhetorical situation. (Literary criticism, rhetorical approach)
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Jia, Hongwei. "Reconsidering Semiospheric Translation Types." Chinese Semiotic Studies 16, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 581–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2020-0031.
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AbstractIn Chapter 10 of Introducing semiosic translation by Torres-Martínez (2019: 172–177), “On the origins of semiosic translation, the role of semiosis in translation and translating and the nature of sign systems: Response to Jia,” the author makes a critical analysis of my article “Semiospheric translation types reconsidered from the translation semiotics perspective” (2019), criticizing that (1) my semiospheric translations are both semiotically problematic and ideologically loaded; (2) my view of translation is untenable from a cognitive perspective; and (3) translation is not a special case of semiosis, finally pointing out that semiotic processes, and not individual signs, are the source of all types of translations. In this paper, I intend to briefly state and then reply to each of these three points.
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Reid, Daisy. "Uprooting and liberation: problematics of Central and Eastern European exile in Škvorecký’s The engineer of human souls and Hoffman’s Lost in translation." Neohelicon 46, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11059-019-00496-z.
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Arhire, Mona. "Cohesive Devices in Translator Training: A Study Based on a Romanian Translational Learner Corpus." Meta 62, no. 1 (July 6, 2017): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040471ar.
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Formal links are naturally associated with cohesion as one of the main features of discourse. Cohesion has been extensively discussed in the literature especially in terms of the mechanisms generating it, but also in terms of its equivalence in translation. As with any type of discourse, the communicative value of translated texts is enhanced by their cohesive texture. Less attention has been granted to the translation of formal links carrying additional functions though. This study examines some cohesive devices in student translations with a special focus on the translatability of ellipsis, substitution and reference when they are enriched with stylistic, sociolectal and rhetorical values. The study is based on a translational learner corpus consisting of Romanian graduate students’ translations of a short story from English into Romanian. The methodology for assessing and analyzing the learner corpus is of both quantitative and qualitative nature and employs simplification, explicitation and neutralization. The conclusions comprise insights into some problematic areas in the trainees’ translations, as well as observations related to contrastive aspects of cohesive devices between English and Romanian. A teaching methodology is subsequently derived from the findings in an attempt to offer a more comprehensive approach to the pedagogy of translating cohesive devices with stylistic load.
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Penrod, Lynn. "Pottering Around: Harry Potter in Translation." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 1, no. 3 (February 15, 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9mp61.
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By May of 2008 worldwide sales of Harry Potter books hovered around the 400 million mark, making these texts the most widely-read works of children’s literature in history. To date the books have been translated into 67 languages. Given the particular translation issues involved in the translation of these highly imaginary English texts (culture, rhymes, anagrams, acronyms, invented words, proper nouns and names, among many others) combined with the series’s incredibly lucrative sales success, it is not surprising that the international translation process has become highly competitive as well as highly problematic. Unauthorized or pirate translations, fake translations, Americanization as translation—all of these lead us to a basic questioning of the role of the translator and just how much of an impersonator s/he is required to be by the task of translation.
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Elkateb, Dr Sabri. "Problematic Areas in Scientific and Technical Translation." مجلة جامعة صبراتة العلمية 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 49–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujhs.v1i2.39.
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Like any other kind of translation, technical translation requires from the translator, the scientist and the field expert a good command of at least two languages of the published material. In case the translator is concerned, it is crucial to have sufficient knowledge of the science and technology he/she is supposed to deal with. Translation plays a central role in the process of transferring science and technology from one language community to another. However, translators generally fail to carry the exact message to the target reader due to the complexity of some highly specialized written material. This study sets out to examine some of the difficulties involved in establishing equivalence between the source language (SL) and target language (TL) in the context of technical translation. One of the main objectives of this paper is to investigate the basis on which the translator can build up a text in the target language that carries over a clear message intended by the writer of the source language. Our analysis and discussion will be limited to the translation of scientific and technical information from English into Arabic.
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Suokas, Juho. "TESTING USABILITY METHODS IN TRANSLATION COURSES: PERSONAS AND HEURISTIC EVALUATION." CURRENT TRENDS IN TRANSLATION TEACHING AND LEARNING E 7 (December 21, 2020): 4–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51287/cttl_e_2020_2_juho_suokas.
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To make translations better suited for specific target audiences, Suojanen et al. (2015) have suggested applying methods of user-centered translation (UCT). This study examines user-centered translation as part of university translation courses. The aim is to examine how translation students experience using two UCT methods: personas and heuristic evaluation. The students produced written comments during courses where the methods were applied. The student experience was examined by using the principles of qualitative content analysis. The analysis suggests that the methods have benefits for such matters as better understanding of the target audience and a more systematic process of evaluation. However, the methods also have drawbacks, such as the extra time and effort required. The specific heuristics were also found to be problematic to use. User-centered translation has good potential for translator training, but the specific methods require refinement. Keywords: user-centered translation, personas, heuristic evaluation, usability, translator training
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Kurchinskaya-Grasso, Natalia. "The problematic of translation of legal texts." Филология: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.1.31362.
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This article explores the translation of legal texts, as it is usually fraught with a variety of challenges of linguistic and extralinguistic nature. The translator must have a strong command of linguistics, translation skills and profound knowledge of national and international criminal-procedural of civil-procedural law. Focus is made on the one hand on determination of typology of general linguistic and translation problems pertaining to legal documents, and on the other – on identification of peculiarities of these problems depending on qualification of a specialist doing legal translation. The main characteristics of legal texts are viewed from the perspective of applied comparative legal science. Interdisciplinary approach towards research in the area of legal translation is a logical solution for the analysis of emerging problems. The article demonstrates some mistakes in translation of legal terms on the example of English, Polish, and Italian languages. The author comes to the conclusion that for a translator without the background of legal practice it is difficult to do the translation of legal texts; as well as submits a proposal on comprising methodological recommendations.
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Parvizi, Gholam-Reza. "Image in Translated Novels from English into Persian." World Journal of English Language 6, no. 4 (December 27, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v6n4p50.
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The question of image in literary studies and in recent years in Translation Studies is one of the most problematic innature. In the present study an attempt was made to define the nature of translating linguistic constructions – evokingimages in the mind of reader – in English novels and their rendered versions in Persian translations. In this studyseven types of images (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, kinesthetic and organic) in two English novelsand their rendered versions in Persian were analyzed based on two theoretical frameworks, the first one is Jiang’sImage-Based Model to Literary Translation (2008) by which the nature of translation of images were examined andthe other is Chesterman’s translation strategies (1997) which help to systematize translation strategies adopted bytranslators in rewriting the images in English novels. The results have shown that in most of the cases the images thatare intended by original author have been changed in the translations, and the aesthetic experience of the ST reader isdifferent from that of the TT reader.
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Al-Azzam, Bakri. "Translating structural pause in the Qur’an." Discourse Analysis and Translation Studies 4, no. 1 (June 5, 2009): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.4.1.04azz.
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This study aims to investigate the translation of syntactic pause as an under-researched linguistic observable feature from Arabic into English, with particular reference to Qur’anic examples. Due to the lack of studies in this area, and because the phenomenon has not been treated sufficiently in Qur’anic and non-Qur’anic discourses, Qur’anic verses illustrating the point are sampled, analyzed and discussed so as to uncover the difficulties and to suggest translation solutions. A handful of authentic and authoritative Qur’anic exegeses are consulted, in addition to three translations of the Qur’an, in an attempt to explore the role such interpretations can play in rendering the possible syntactic meanings into English. This makes it possible to provide a solid syntactic-translational ground for assigning syntactic-semantic value to the pause in the selected examples. This also allows the author to point out the problematic aspect of this linguistic phenomenon, where two acceptable readings of one syntactic structure can emerge. This study demonstrates that syntactic pause in the Qur’an presents certain challenges for the translator and requires great effort to render faithfully in the target language. The study also suggests how immediate and broader contexts can guide the translator in prioritizing one interpretation over another
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Farghal, Mohammed. "English Adverbial and Determiner Negation: A Problematic Area for Arabic Translators." Languages 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4010017.
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Negation hardly comes up as an issue in English–Arabic translation studies. The general assumption is that the translation of English negation into Arabic poses no serious problems to the translator. While this is generally true when it comes to rendering negation marked by generic negative particles/affixes (John is not happy and John is unhappy, respectively) and even lexical and rhetorical implicit negation (John denied having cheated on the test and Can a person like John make such a mistake?), the present paper aims to show that the appropriate textualization into Arabic of English adverbial and determiner negation (e.g., by the adverbials too and hardly, and the determiners little and few) can be a problematic area for Arabic translators. The textual data (270 examples) is extracted from several published translations (belonging to literary, popular science/journalistic, and economic discourse), in an attempt to show what strategies translators follow when encountering such negation and how successful they are. While the findings provide solid evidence for the serious mishaps (about 42% of the renderings involve one kind of problem or another) that Arabic translators experience in this area, the critical discussion unravels several textual strategies that can capture the subtleties inherent in adverbial/determiner negation. It is hoped that the investigation of this subtle, neglected area in English–Arabic translation studies offers significant insights for both student and professional translators.
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Millar, Suzanna R. "Openness, Closure, and Transformation in Proverb Translation." Bible Translator 71, no. 1 (April 2020): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677019889651.
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Proverbs are characteristically open to multiple interpretations. This is problematic for the translator: (how) should she convey this “openness” in translation? This article confronts the problem by zooming out to see translation as part of a larger “proverb process.” This process involves interpreting, applying, transmitting, and translating the proverb. Focusing on Prov 10–29, I trace a single saying (Prov 18.4) through these stages. I show how, at each stage, “openness” is important. But so too are the dynamics of “closure” and “transformation,” for they give the proverb applicability and power. As such, the translator who closes down and transforms meanings (while arguably lacking faithfulness to the linguistic nuances of the Hebrew) may be showing great faithfulness to the nature, genre, and function of the proverb.
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Andrianova, Anastassiya. "A Nilufar by any other Name: The Implications of Reading Sadegh Hedayat in Translation." Translation and Literature 22, no. 2 (July 2013): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2013.0114.
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This article demonstrates that Sadegh Hedayat's The Blind Owl (Buf-e Kur), arguably the most important work of modern Iranian literature but also seen as ‘a Western novel’, makes it conspicuous how our understanding of ‘global’ texts is conditioned by translation, critical reception, and the material aspects of publication. More precisely, the article examines how Western and non-Western critical approaches to this novel combine to produce illuminating, but also problematic, polysemies. It shows how specific lexical choices in Roger Lescot's French and D. P. Costello's English translations transform the work's meaning, and considers, more broadly, the critical, definitional, and theoretical questions about the politics of hermeneutics and translation which these choices imply. Its wider subject is the reading, translating, and teaching of non-Western literature.
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Kristjanson, Gabrielle. "Meaning in (Translated) Popular Fiction: An Analysis of Hyper-Literal Translation in Clive Barker’s Le Royaume des Devins." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 5, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t94k9s.
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Most translation theorists agree that source text fidelity results in a translation that aptly transmits the foreign cultural values and meaning embedded within the source language to a target culture. While the preservation of foreignness might be beneficial for the propagation of international artistic diversity, when translating works of popular fiction, domestication is key to a novel’s successful incorporation into the target literary system. In popular fiction translation, the goal is accessibility rather than artistic influence or cultural exchange, yet the necessary domestication can be problematic. This article examines the reception of the English-to-French translation of an epic fantasy novel by Clive Barker. Online reviews written by the French-speaking readership describe the translated text as aberrant of Barker’s oeuvre and incomprehensible. While it may be easy to dismiss this translation as yet another example of poor translation practices, knowing that the translator, Jean-Daniel Brèque, is an award-winning translator and that he has translated many works by other popular artists such as Stephen King and Dan Simmons points the blame elsewhere. An analysis of Jean-Daniel Brèque’s translation of Weaveworld reveals the detrimental effect that strict adherence to the source text can have on the reception of popular literature in translation and affirms that domestication is necessary to transform the source text into a version digestible and understandable by the target audience.
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Hasan, Abdul-Nafi' Kh. "Difficulties in Translating Culturally Bound Conversational Words and Phrases in English and Kurdish." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v3n1y2020.pp174-180.
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The purpose of conducting this study is to identify and handle the problems arising from translating conversational words and phrases rooted in culture from English into Kurdish and vice versa. To achieve the objectives of the current research, source language conversational texts associated with greetings, politeness terms, kinship terms, address terms and words and phrases used on different occasions are translated into their counterparts in the target language. The results obtained from the translations show that translating cultural concepts is problematic and burdensome, and the problems identified result from cultural differences between the two languages and from literal translation which often leads to unnatural and incomprehensible expressions although this technique is used to borrow a source language expression. The results also indicate that translating culturally-bound conversational words and phrases requires good knowledge and mastery of both languages and cultures and proper use of various translation techniques. This research paper is an attempt to identify the problems that arise in translating culturally-specific conversational words and phrases from English into Kurdish and vice versa. It also aims to find out effective ways of overcoming the problem through implementing appropriate techniques for translating culturally-loaded words and phrases associated with greetings, terms of address, politeness terms, family relationship, in both languages.
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Eiselt, Marianne G. "Bühnentexte als Übersetzungsproblem." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 41, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.41.1.05eis.
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Translations for the stage are problematic, because they have to satisfy the demands of theatrical performability and speakability. Mary Snell Hornby's (1984) approach to understanding texts for the theater in a holistic and hermeneutic framework and the consideration of speech criteria have been adopted here. The identified criteria for stage texts are "spoken stage language", multiperspectivity (word play, irony, metapher), rhythm, speakability and audience perception. Applying these aspects, a meaningful translation critique seems possible, because the characteristic features of the play and its demands of performability are considered. This paper discusses multiperspectivity (word play), rhythm, and holistic features in short segments of Georg Büchner's play Woyzeck. These segments are compared with three English translations of Woyzeck in terms of these criteria. The translations chosen are the most recent ones: David G. Richards (1977), John Mackendrick (1979) and Michael Ewans (1989). Even this small selection of texts and stage criteria suggests that a critique of a stage translation should go beyond comparing dictionary equivalents. The criteria of stage language and the holistic focus seem to be a meaningful tool to determine whether the translator has meet the demands for stage effectiveness of the author's original play.
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Wicaksono, Donny Bhaskara, and Erly Wahyuni. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING IDIOMS IN INDONESIA INTO ENGLISH FOUND IN INDONESIAN LEGENDS." A Journal of Culture English Language Teaching Literature & Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/celticumm.vol3.no1.45-55.
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In this global era, due to the growth of science, information, technology, and other people needs, translation becomes necessary in rendering information between languages. However, the process of translating is not as simple as switching the meaning of word for word based on the literal context.Idioms are one of the most problematical components of language. Idioms cannot be easily translated because of their unpredictable meaning and grammar. The purpose of this study is to find out; (1) the idiomatic expressions which are found in Indonesian Legends, (2) the meaning of the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian Legends, and (3) the various strategies which are used in translating idioms in Indonesia into English found in Indonesian Legends.The descriptive qualitative research design, in the form of document analysis, was employed in this study. The instruments to collect the data were documents and expert opinion. Moreover, the documents consisted of the Bahasa Indonesia (Source Text) and English (Target Text) translation versions of five Indonesian Legends, namely; Batu Kuwung, Batu Menangis, Gunung Merapi, Tangkuban Perahu and Candi Prambanan. This study revealed that idiomatic expression translation strategy by paraphrasingwas the most dominant strategy used by the translator in translating the idiomatic expressions found in five Indonesian Legends (eleven out of eighteen cases). Meanwhile, the second most common strategy was translating by omission (six out of eighteen cases). The last was the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form which only one out of eighteen cases. Thus, it can be concluded that the translator only applied three strategies out of the main five strategies of translating idiomatic expression suggested by Baker.
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Wicaksono, Donny Bhaskara, and Erly Wahyuni. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING IDIOMS IN INDONESIA INTO ENGLISH FOUND IN INDONESIAN LEGENDS." Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v3i1.7858.
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In this global era, due to the growth of science, information, technology, and other people needs, translation becomes necessary in rendering information between languages. However, the process of translating is not as simple as switching the meaning of word for word based on the literal context.Idioms are one of the most problematical components of language. Idioms cannot be easily translated because of their unpredictable meaning and grammar. The purpose of this study is to find out; (1) the idiomatic expressions which are found in Indonesian Legends, (2) the meaning of the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian Legends, and (3) the various strategies which are used in translating idioms in Indonesia into English found in Indonesian Legends.The descriptive qualitative research design, in the form of document analysis, was employed in this study. The instruments to collect the data were documents and expert opinion. Moreover, the documents consisted of the Bahasa Indonesia (Source Text) and English (Target Text) translation versions of five Indonesian Legends, namely; Batu Kuwung, Batu Menangis, Gunung Merapi, Tangkuban Perahu and Candi Prambanan. This study revealed that idiomatic expression translation strategy by paraphrasingwas the most dominant strategy used by the translator in translating the idiomatic expressions found in five Indonesian Legends (eleven out of eighteen cases). Meanwhile, the second most common strategy was translating by omission (six out of eighteen cases). The last was the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form which only one out of eighteen cases. Thus, it can be concluded that the translator only applied three strategies out of the main five strategies of translating idiomatic expression suggested by Baker.
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Cárdenas, Beatriz Sánchez, and Pamela Faber. "Use of monolingual and comparable corpora in the classroom to translate adverbial connectors." Cadernos de Tradução 36, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2016v36nesp1p147.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2016v36nesp1p147Research in terminology has traditionally focused on nouns. Considerably less attention has been paid to other grammatical categories such as adverbs. However, these words can also be problematic for the novice translator, who tends to use the translation correspondences in bilingual dictionaries without realizing that formal equivalence is not necessarily the same as textual equivalence. However, semantic values, acquired in context, go far beyond dictionary meaning and are related to phenomena such as semantic prosody and preferences of lexical selection that can vary, depending on text type and specialized domain.This research explored the reasons why certain adverbial discourse connectors, apparently easy to translate, are a source of translation problems that cannot be easily resolved with a bilingual dictionary. Moreover, this study analyzed the use of parallel corpora in the translation classroom and how it can increase the quality of text production. For this purpose, we compared student translations before and after receiving training on the use of corpus analysis tools
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Medendorp, Liz. "The Power of the Periphery: Reassessing Spatial Metaphors in the Ideological Positioning of the Translator." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 5, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9gs6t.
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Positionality in translation is often framed in terms of spatial metaphors, using such concepts as the “periphery,” the “in between,” and the “borderlands,” among many others. Given that the Latin root for the word “translation,” 'translatio,' means “to carry across,” this tendency to think of the translator’s position in the concrete terms of travel through physical space is not surprising. However, because the movement of information and ideas no longer requires material transportation, it may no longer be theoretically useful to approach positionality in such concrete terms, and thus a reassessment and re-contextualization of these spatial metaphors is needed. Moreover, the sociological turn’s growing awareness of the translator’s contextual embeddedness reinforces the need to re-conceptualize positionality, shifting away from notions of physical space and toward an ideological construct. Indeed, upon closer examination, these spatial metaphors often prove problematic in several ways, not the least of which being the common undertone of peripherality that readily associates translation with marginality and subjugation. This article analyzes some of the spatial metaphors commonly used in translation scholarship in order to interrogate what they can contribute to a reformulation of the translator’s position in ideological rather than spatial terms. Turning to systems theory for a more nuanced and applicable take on peripherality and centrality, translation is removed from the subordinate position associated with physical notions of the periphery and shifted instead to an ideological position as an agent of inter- and intrasystemic transfer. The translator navigates the systemic periphery, a dynamic, fluid space of intersystemic overlap and interaction, but does not remain there. The translator’s position is therefore both a shifting and powerful one, as translating the peripheral experience of confronting otherness into the centre results in the need to reformulate the Self, for the individual as well as potentially on a larger, systemic level.
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Khalilova, Konul, and Irina Orujova. "Strategies to Overcome Translation Losses in the Novel “The Grapes of Wrath” by John Steinbeck to Achieve Adequacy in Translation." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 23, no. 4 (December 2020): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2020.23.4.17.
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The current article involves the issues of losses, gains, or survivals contributing to literature in the process of translation. It represents a thorough study based on the novel “The Grapes of Wrath” by John Steinbeck from English and, respectively, its translation into Azerbaijani by Ulfet Kurchayli. It investigates the problematic areas or challenges emerging from the source-text discrepancies. Furthermore, this article also concentrates on the issue of cultural non-equivalence or the losses occurring in translating English literary texts into Azerbaijani. The paper identifies the translation techniques adopted by the translator of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. Adopting certain techniques rather than others has led to many losses on different levels. The translator’s important role as a cultural insider is also emphasized. The wide gap, distance, or the differences between the cultures, languages, and thought patterns of the English and Azerbaijani language speakers are the main factors resulting in various losses in the process of translation. Coping with these extra-linguistic constraints is harder than the linguistic ones as the translator has no choice in the given situations, deleting these elements from the TT or replacing them with elements that do not fit the context. This article aims at determining translation losses and gains, defining ways that the translator employs for compensating losses, through the analysis of John Steinbeck’s style in The Grapes of Wrath. The article concludes that there are some situations where the translation of a certain text from the SL into the TL embraces alteration in the whole informational content of the text, in the form of expressions or words.
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Faghih, Esmail, and Roya Moghiti. "Persian Renderings of English Conceptual Discourse Patterns: A Case Study of Animal Farm." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 5, no. 3 (July 31, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.5n.3p.55.
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Discourse includes both structural and conceptual patterns. Most of these patterns are different in various languages. A conceptual pattern in source language can be realized in different ways in target language. Therefore, the translator should be aware of differences between SL and TL conceptual patterns because rendering these patterns from the source text into the target one can be problematic. The present descriptive study aimed to investigate the conceptual discourse patterns and related ideologies in George Orwell’s Animal Farm and its Persian translations. Accordingly, the researchers selected and analyzed the samples based on Fairclough’s (2001) approach to CDA. Based on the findings, Gheybi (2010) has been more successful in rendering the conceptual discourse patterns and ideologies, because her translation was much more similar to the source text in terms of conceptual discourse patterns as compared to the translation by Hoseyni and Nabizadeh (2003). The findings indicated that the translators’ ideological and socio-cultural norms affect their translation strategies and lexical and grammatical choices and this in turn influences their success to recognize and transmit the ST implicit ideologies into TT.
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Fitzgerald, Danny. "Translating the Hebrew Psalms to be Sung: The 2010 Revised Grail Psalms, a Case Study." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, no. 3(53) (September 21, 2021): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.53.02.
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This article explores the theme of “translating poetically organized discourse to be sung.” The 2010 English translation of the Hebrew Psalms, entitled The Revised Grail Psalms: A Liturgical Psalter (RGP), is presented as a case study. The Hebrew Psalms, for the most part, were composed to be sung, yet more often than not, they are translated to be read. Such translations are primarily characterized by the absence of poetic rhythm, despite the plain evidence and significance of poetic rhythm in the Hebrew. The RGP, on the other hand, privileges the rhythmic dimension of the Psalms. As a result, the RGP is said to be remarkably “adaptable to the exigencies of different musical settings,” and more importantly, eminently singable. Nonetheless, the challenges of translating and formalizing a text according to a given rhythmic principle are in practice formidable, for when translators set out to feature a lyric’s rhythmic dimension, its semantic, rhetorical, and syntactic art is often found lacking. This article examines some of the principal reasons the translators of the RGP chose to re-emphasize the Hebrew Psalms’ rhythmic art and, more importantly, how those translators negotiated some of the more problematic translation challenges that ensued from that choice.
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Bani Abdo, Ibrahem, and Banan Manzallawi. "Translating the Islamic Religious Expressions in Taha Hussein’s Novel ‘Al Ayaam’ by E. H. Paxton." English Language Teaching 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n1p190.
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Translating religious expressions from Arabic into English seems problematic where the cultural backgrounds must be known for the translator to choose the appropriate equivalence and to help bridging the cultural gap between two cultures. As a result, this paper investigates to what extent have Venuti’s strategies (domestication and foreignization) been successfully implemented in rendering the religious expressions in Taha Hussein’s The Days (الأيام alʾayām) by E. H. Paxton in the translating process. It also asserts the challenges involved in translating the Islamic religious expressions in this novel. Consequently, this paper has randomly chosen, discussed, and compared 10 Islamic expressions of Hussein’s novel with their English equivalents. In addition, two Arabic raters were consulted. Venuti’s (2004) domestication and foreignization method was used to analyse these examples. The study concludes that the translator uses the two methods in rendering the religious expressions. The foreignization strategy was used more than domestication. Six examples have been foreignized; whereas, four of them were domesticated. The study also reveals that the use of both strategies supplements and supports the translation accuracy. Finally, the different cultural backgrounds, religions, expressions, costumes, traditions have to be the ultimate concerns of the translators in translating the Arabic religious expressions into English language.
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Chaloupský, Ladislav. "The Problems with the Translation of Military Ranks." Vojenské rozhledy 21 (July 18, 2012): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.21.2012.03.089-105.
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Aleksandra Stodolna. "Traduire dans des conditions difficiles." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 25, no. 46 (December 5, 2019): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.25.2019.46.05.
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Translating in Difficult Conditions. The Text–Picture Relations in Audiovisual Translation: The Case of Subtitling
As an audio-visual translator, I often encounter situations where the image visible on the screen (stage, prop, actor’s face, etc.) forces me to make a specific translation decision. There are also cases where the combination of image, sound and dialogue makes the text almost untranslatable, as its relation (which in addition can be culture-bound and include humour, idioms, metaphors, or wordplay) with other elements of the piece is so close that one faces a difficult choice – either to generalise (remove the problematic elements) or exotise the text so much that will become incomprehensible to the viewer. This article presents selected problems faced by audiovisual translators and which are associated with complex text-image relations; it shall also discuss strategies that translators can use to solve these problems. Examples illustrating these strategies have been drawn from American and French films and series.
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Bielsa, Esperança. "Translation in global news agencies." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 19, no. 1 (July 26, 2007): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.19.1.08bie.
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This article presents news agencies as vast translation agencies, structurally designed to achieve fast and reliable translations of large amounts of information. It maintains that translation is of the utmost importance in the news agencies and that it is inseparable from other journalistic practices that intervene in the production of news. Rejecting the naïve view that translations are often improvised by people who do not have the necessary training, the article claims that the news editor has the specific skills required for the elaboration of such translations, and that the organisation of news agencies has been conceived in order to facilitate communication flows between different linguistic communities so as to reach global publics with maximum speed and efficiency. If news translation has traditionally been neglected by Translation Studies it is because it usually is in the hands of journalists rather than translators. A detailed examination of the nature and processes involved in news translation problematises central concepts such as authorship and equivalence and leads Translation Studies in new directions.
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Rustandi, Andi, Syafryadin Syafryadin, and R. Bunga Febriani. "Word Level, Above Level, Grammatical Level, Textual, Pragmatics Level Non-Equivalence: Problem and Strategy." Jadila: Journal of Development and Innovation in Language and Literature Education 1, no. 4 (May 5, 2021): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52690/jadila.v1i4.155.
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This study is aimed at elaborating the non-equivalences in the word level, above level, grammatical level, textual level, pragmatics level in translation process. This study employed the two research questions i.e. what are the types non equivalences emerge in the translation process? and what are the problems and strategy used by the translator that emerge in translation process?. Covering these questions, this study used descriptive qualitative approach by using the library research to gain some references of types of non-equivalences, problems, and strategy used in the object of the study. The result revealed various types of non-equivalences and problems emerge from the translation process and some strategies also used by the translator to cover the problematic issues on the non-equivalence in translation process.
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MacDonald, Anne. "The Quest for an English-Speaking Nāgārjuna." Indo-Iranian Journal 58, no. 4 (2015): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-05800065.
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Over the past century Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (MMK) has been translated, in part and in its entirety, into an array of languages. Although a number of English translations have appeared, a philologically reliable yet readable English rendering of the MMK has remained a desideratum. A new translation by Mark Siderits and Shōryū Katsura now supersedes Jay Garfield’s previously popular MMK translation, which, made in reliance on only the Tibetan version of the MMK, is often problematic (The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way, Oxford, 1995). Siderits’ and Katsura’s attempt to improve upon previous translations of the MMK was recently acknowledged by the Khyentse Foundation, which at the 17th Congress of the International Association of Buddhist Studies awarded them its 2014 “Prize for Outstanding Translation.”
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Torres-Martínez, Sergio. "On the origins of semiosic translation, the role of semiosis in translation and translating and the nature of sign systems: Response to Jia." Semiotica 2020, no. 236-237 (December 16, 2020): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2019-0118.
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AbstractIn this response paper, I trace the origins of semiosic translation and explain why Jia’s interpretations are theoretically problematic. I also demonstrate that the view of translation endorsed by Jia is untenable from a cognitive perspective, since both perception and action are affordances of the living organisms and hence are not restricted to the “thinking mind” within a Lotmanian semiosphere. Finally, since translation is not a special case of semiosis, I show that semiosic processes, and not individual signs, are the source of all types of translations.
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Dickins, James. "Cumulative difference and catastrophic change." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 51, no. 3 (December 31, 2005): 262–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.51.3.04dic.
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Abstract This paper shows how various problematic features of the translation into English of Arabic (??) ??? / bacda (‘an) “after” may combine, initially incrementally, but ultimately in a “catastrophic” manner (cf. Woodcock and Davis 1980), at which point the translator is forced to engage in significant TT restructuring. The paper provides a basic temporal definition of (??) ??? / bacda (‘an) (Section 1). It introduces the notion of informational incongruity (Section 2), and develops this in relation to the informational pairs: theme/rheme, and foregrounding/backgrounding. While final adjunct and sentential relative clauses in English cannot be foregrounded, final disjunct clauses can be (Section 3). Some Arabic final subordinate clauses can be foregrounded, whose obvious English translation equivalents cannot; direct (literal) translations into English of these Arabic ST structures accordingly result in informational incongruity (Section 4). The fact that (??) ??? / bacda (‘an) may have a temporal+causal or temporal+adversative interpretation, unlike the purely temporal English “after” or “following” can also contribute to informational incongruity in translation (Section 5). In some cases, a final ?? ??? / bacda ‘an in a temporal+causal sense occurs in a context which requires that the ?? ??? / bacda ‘an clause be backgrounded. A direct English translation using “since” (a causal with available temporal implications), results in a foregrounded final disjunct clause in the English TT, as well as yielding other denotative problems. At this point, only a catastrophic translation solution seems acceptable, involving significant TT restructuring (Section 6).
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Banks, Stephen P., and Anna Banks. "Translation as problematic discourse in organizations." Journal of Applied Communication Research 19, no. 4 (November 1991): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00909889109365307.
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Lage, Maria Helena Lott. "Dynamic equivalence versus formal correspondence in the translation of songs." Estudos Germânicos 10, no. 1 (December 31, 1989): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/0101-837x.10.1.62-67.
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The aim of this work is to make an analysis of the translation of Djavan's song Esquinas into English. It endeavours to show how the theoretical demands made on translations prove problematic when put into practice, mainly when concerning the translation of songs. É objetivo do presente artigo mostrar, através de uma análise para o inglês da canção Esquinas de Djavan, como as exigências teóricas que se fazem às traduções se revelam, na prática, problemáticas, principalmente no que se refere à tradução de canções.
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Reda, Maciej. "Functional Sentence Perspective in Translator Training." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 24, no. 42 (December 29, 2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.24.2018.42.03.
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This paper highlights the need for raising translation studentsʼ awareness of issues related to the thematic structure of source and target texts. This is a problematic area which significantly affects the quality of translations, especially from English into Polish, the latter having more flexible word order and thus opening more syntactic possibilities. An especially useful tool that may help to address this issue is the theory of Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) developed by the Prague School. Despite the fact that it is quite elaborate, it may be trimmed to fit more practicallyoriented translation classes. Based on examples from student translations, the paper shows that such notions as communicative dynamism, context dependence/independence, competitors of the verb, setting vs. specification, Presentation Scale vs. Quality Scale, and potentiality can help trainee translators to correctly identify the hierarchy of carriers of communicative dynamism in their source texts and then make informed translation choices.
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Hanafi, Muchlis Muhammad. "Problematika Terjemahan Al-Qur’an Studi pada Beberapa Penerbitan Al-Qur'an dan Kasus Kontemporer." SUHUF 4, no. 2 (November 5, 2015): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22548/shf.v4i2.53.
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The process of translation is beset with problems. On the one hand, translation demands a faithful transfer of the meaning as contained in the source text into the target language, but on the other hand, the process also requires elegance and beauty in the choice of words and expressions. These obstacles are magnified when the source text in question is the Qur’an, because it is not a man-made creation or a work of fiction or poetry, but the word of God. This article will explore some of these problems with reference to translations of the Qur’an published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indone-sia and three other publishers.
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Chen, Meng-Lin, and Dahui Dong. "The Choice of Tense in Translation into the Second Language." Studies in English Language Teaching 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v4n2p187.
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<p><em>English tense is widely believed as one of the most problematic areas in the “interlanguage”, which includes non-native English speakers’ English writing and translations into the translator’s second language. This study aims to investigate the relationships between the tense choice in translation, the tense in the Chinese source text, and the translation competence of translators. A small Chinese-English parallel corpus has been built with 127 translations of Chinese press editorials by experienced native English speaking translators, experienced native Chinese speaking translators, and novice native Chinese speaking translators. Cross-tabulate analyses of this study have shown that the three groups of translators differ from one another significantly in their handling of marked Chinese past tense verbs, while they do not when translating Chinese sentences with contextually marked tense. This study suggests that in order to improve their translation </em><em>quality</em><em>, (1) experienced native Chinese speaking translators need to increase the</em><em> percentages</em><em> of Present Simple, Present Progress, Present Perfect, and Past Simple, and reduce the</em><em> percentag</em><em>e</em><em>s</em><em> of Past Perfect</em><em> in their translation</em><em>; (2) novice native Chinese speaking translators need to increase the</em><em> percentages</em><em> of Present Simple, and Present Progress, and reduce the </em><em>percentages</em><em> of Past Perfect, Past Simple, and Present Perfect</em><em> in their translation.</em><em> </em></p>
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Atkins, Peter Joshua. "Mythology or Zoology." biblical interpretation 24, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00241p04.
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The challenge of Bible translation is often confounded by the uncertain identity of many of the animals and mythological creatures found in the text. This essay is an attempt to analyse why these creatures have complex, obscure translations and thereby complicate the passages they inhabit. Over time, this problematic translation of the biblical passages has been influenced by a variety of different historical and contextual factors; however, it has also interestingly influenced the readership of the biblical text. By focussing upon a couple of particularly intriguing words, this essay displays the impact that the process of translation has had upon the understanding of the biblical text.
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Deng, Wensheng, and Ke Zhang. "Translation Idea: What Is Under-appreciated by a Teacher of Scholar." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1007.08.
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The time of “China’s culture going to global” has new idea for a translator, which refers to that translation is supposed to both highlight Chinese culture and to be readily accepted by others. Drawn on particular part of translation history dating back from Ezra Pound to Howard Goldblatt, first, the paper has explored translation paradigm, strategy and relations centered on translation idea. And then, an intermittent line hidden beneath the translation could be sketchily found in subsequent order: poem-composing upon the original image, national-character-reforming by relying on foreignization, Chinese-culture-transmitting on ST-oriented, Chinese-culture-introducing on TT-oriented, and Chinese-culture-transmitting on writer-translator-receptor balance. They have given rise to various paradigms and strategies in translators’ practice respectively; corresponding with the ideas, the paradigms could be roughly as: monadism, i.e. one-pole oriented, dualism, two-pole oriented and tri-party negotiated, three-poled. Third, among the three patterns: writer-, translator- or receptor-oriented, writer-receptor-oriented and tri-party-negotiated, writer-translator-receptor-oriented, the first two are a kind of problematic, judged by either cultural theory or conventional one; the latter, relatively speaking, is well balanced up to today, which is recognized by three parties. Regrettably, some unfair interpretations or criticism usually fall upon the works translated before translation ideas are made clear. In the end the author suggests that translation idea not be under-appreciated and a historical perspective be a must for scholar to appraise.
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Andrei, Zhabko. "The criterion of block media strength and geomechanical back-calculation." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 6 (September 24, 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-6-37-47.
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Relevance and problematics. The mechanism of block medium and jointed rock mass deformation and breaking differs notably from continuum mechanics ideas, making up the crucial fundamental problem of geomechanics and distinguishing it from other engineering sciences connected with the mechanics ISSN 0536-1028 «Известия вузов. Горный журнал», № 6, 2020 47 of deformable solids. However, due to poor understanding of block media breaking mechanism, rock masses strength is overwhelmingly estimated by means of empirical dependences obtained by simulation in laboratory conditions. It is apparent that this approach does not solve the crucial fundamental problem and the accuracy of predicting mechanical characteristics of jointed rock masses may reach 100%. Research methodology. Based on the earlier theoretical research by the methods of variational, integral, and differential calculus, a new mechanism of block mass breaking at a point was substantiated. It implies translation and rotational character of blocks displacement in a rock mass in the process of its deformation making it possible to substantiate the criterion of jointed rock masses breaking. Research results, analysis and recommendations for use. The research was the first to obtain the block medium strength criterion. It has been shown that block mass strength is made up of the strength along the slip joint and block rotation resistance. Besides, within some range of loads, the ultimate strength of the rock mass is proportional to the tensile strength of a structure block. The work also proposes a range of analytical dependences obtained based on the solid mechanics making which make it possible to back calculate the rock mass strength based on the curvature of the shear rupture surface and assess the full tensor of the plain field of strain by the base axes orientation.