Academic literature on the topic 'Translation field'
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Journal articles on the topic "Translation field"
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Raynova, Yvanka B. "Philosophische Übersetzung zwischen "sprachlicher Gewaltanwendung" und translativer Hermeneutik. Translatorische Überlegungen aus der Sicht der Übersetzung(en) von Jean-Paul Sartres 'L'être et le néant'." Labyrinth 21, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25180/lj.v21i2.190.
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Philosophical translation between "linguistic violence" and translative hermeneutics. Translational considerations from the perspective of the translation(s) of Jean-Paul Sartre's L'être et le néant The establishment of translatology as a scientific discipline is a late phenomenon to which not only linguistics but also the philosophy of language has contributed significantly. Although the considerations of Schleiermacher, Ricoeur, Derrida, Balibar, Cassin and other philosophers are very stimulating for the examination of the translation problematics, they do not offer a particular translation theory of philosophical texts. Most of their works are of little help in practice when it comes to translating a complicated philosophical text. That is why I will take in this paper the opposite path and start from my own experience as a translator of philosophical literature into Bulgarian and, more concretely, from my translation of Jean-Paul Sartre's L'être et le néant. On the base of this key work of contemporary philosophy and its translations into different languages, I will address the difficulties and the specifics of philosophical translation, discuss various translation methods, and argue several theses, which could serve as impulses for a further development of translation theory and translation practice in the field of philosophy.
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Balcerzan, Edward. "Epistemologia przekładu: domyślna i wysłowiona." Przekładaniec, no. 45 (April 14, 2023): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16891864pc.22.008.17169.
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Translation Epistemology: Implied and Expressed The starting point for determining the nature of translation epistemology, which develops in parallel to the philosophical theory of cognition, is to distinguish an internal epistemology that permeates the field of translation communication – one of the varieties of verbal textual communication. Its goals are cognitive and exploratory. Cognition refers to the essence of translational communication, exploration refers to the forms differentiating this type of communication. I define translation as the interlingual re-editing of a ready text; and in the space of textual communication it generates seven fundamental components: 1. foreign-language originals or foreign-language translations, 2. mental translations (paratexts), 3. complete translations, 4. fragmentary translations, 5. translation-like structures, 6. translational reflections, and 7. translational fantasies. In this area the epistemology of translation is equivalent to the documentalist’s epistemology. For the translator, any textual structure, subjected to interlingual re-editing, becomes a document as well as a task. In the process of translation, cognitive activity is intertwined with praxeological one, the acquisition of knowledge is combined with the improvement of the craft of translation, the concurrence of cognition and skill prevails. The whole epistemological activity of translators and translation scholars, implicit and explicit, consists in the fact that the translator repeats the hypothetical path of the original author, while the translation scholar repeats bot the hypothetical path of the translator and the hypothetical path of the original author.
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Shanti Nilayani, Wayan. "Translation Procedures Applied in Translating Immigration Terminologies." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 27, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2020.v27.i02.p07.
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Translating technical terminologies that belong to special field is challenging, especially to those who are not mastering the field. In translating the immigration terminologies found in the regulations concerning immigration, the translators applied various translation procedures in order to maintain the meaning. The aim of this research is to identify the translation procedures applied in translating the immigration terminologies found in the data source. The data were collected from Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 104 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 69 Tahun 2015 tentang Bebas Visa Kunjungan, along with their translations. Qualitative research approach is applied in this writing. The theory used to analyze the data is the theory of translation proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet. The result of the research showed that in translating the immigration terminologies found in the data source, the translator applied 5 (five) out of 7 (seven) translation procedures. These 5 (five) procedures are borrowing, calque, literal, transposition, and modulation. The other 2 (two) translation procedures that were not applied are equivalence and adaptation.
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Sigacheva, Natalya, Khanif Makayev, Guzal Makayeva, and Diliara Gainanova. "Some approaches to translation of professional terms abbreviation in materials science." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 12003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127412003.
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The dynamic growth of international collaboration in the scientific and professional spheres leads to a wave-like increase in the volume of translations of professional and scientific texts and determines the relevance of the problem under study. Translators have problems translating abbreviations of professional terms. This paper analyzes the ways of translating English abbreviations in the field of materials science. As research methods, we used, among other things, the analysis of methods of translating English abbreviations into Russian, the study of articles in the field of materials science, the collection of data on abbreviations of professional terms and the comparison of the ways of translation of abbreviations of professional terms in the texts of materials science. The article reveals the features of the ways of translating abbreviations of professional terms in materials science texts. The main results of the research work are the identification of problems of translation of English abbreviations that the translator faces in the field of materials science, and the determination of the use frequency of one or another translation method. The materials of the article can be useful for researchers in this field, physics students and translators of scientific and technical texts.
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Inhetveen, Katharina. "Translation Challenges: Qualitative Interviewing in a Multi-Lingual Field." Qualitative Sociology Review 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2012): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.8.2.03.
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This paper suggests how translation processes can be integrated in qualitative interviews in multi-lingual research fields. While theoretical and methodological problems of language and translation have been thoroughly reflected upon from different perspectives in qualitative research, the literature provides little guidance for the practical gathering and handling of multi-lingual material. As a contribution to filling this gap, the paper suggests a systematic, comparative combination of oral and written translations of interviews, which would serve both a diagnostic and a heuristic function. Based on an ethnographic study in Zambian refugee camps and conceptual distinctions between schemes of translation, I identify, in oral translations, five forms of translator’s decision to depart from the literal wording in favor of a pragmatic translation intended to aid continuation of the conversation. As an important element of the suggested procedure, the comparison of the translation modes is systematically discussed with the translating research assistant, leading not only to reflection on further translation practices, but, most importantly, to an awareness of important substantial aspects of the material. This heuristic function of the comparative combination of translation modes thus leads to an enhancement of the research process.
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Dmitrienko, Gleb. "Translator training in Canada and Russia." Toward Comparative Translation and Interpreting Studies 12, no. 2 (October 25, 2017): 310–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.12.2.06dmi.
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to shed some light onto contemporary translation didactics as a “virgin” field of applied TS that cannot be successfully developed without a new, multidisciplinary approach that would put forward the specificity of translator training as a distinct, socially valuable practice. We hypothesize that as socially-specific, practice-oriented products of the interaction between the systems of translation and of professional education, translator training programs are dependent on the social perception of translating activity as well as on the degree of its institutionalization as a profession. Given that contemporary translation and interpretation practices, as well as translator training programs, are limited to local manifestations, the social and cultural discrepancies impede any comparativism in this field of applied TS. However, in applying a sociological approach to translator training, we propose a methodological framework for a sociologically-informed comparative analysis that would lift the cultural and institutional barriers that until now have been distorting our vision of translation as a global social practice and have thus prevented us from conducting comparative analysis of a wide variety of translational phenomena as manifested in different locales, conceived in terms of both time and space. In order to illustrate our propositions, we present the reader with a case study of the most prototypical translator training programs in Canada and Russia – countries that, due to the differences in the theoretical, practical and didactic setup of their respective fields of translation and interpretation, offer appropriate support for our comparative methodology.
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HAMADE, Braa Khalaf. "COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN TRANSIONS OF THE NOBLE QUR'AN, SURAT AL-DUHA AS AMODEL ." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 02 (March 1, 2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.16.5.
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Our research provides a kind of treatment that deals with issues related to the Hebrew language in the field of translation and linguistics, where we offer a model for translating Surat Al-Duha by analyzing its verses that were translated into modern Hebrew by relying on three Hebrew translations of some oriental translators who translated the Holy Quran into modern Hebrew And find out about many of the problems in translation by transferring the Arabic text to the Hebrew language. As well as clarification of some technical aspects in the approach to equivalencies and stylistic evaluation, where we dealt with translating Surah Al-Duha into modern Hebrew language based on three translations with criticism, analysis and comparison through some translation theories in order to benefit from this study in the analysis of the Hebrew translations of the Holy Quran by many specialists in The field of modern Hebrew, who work in the field of translation from the Hebrew language to the Arabic language.
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Chang, Jiang, and Luo Ying. "A Contrastive Study of the Translator’s Behaviour in English and Spanish Translations of Metaphors in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China." Sinología hispánica. China Studies Review 17, no. 2 (March 6, 2024): 113–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v17i2.8235.
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This study examines the English and Spanish translations of metaphors in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China (I-III) within the theoretical framework of Translator Behavior Criticism. In the description of the translators’ behavioral tendencies and diachronic changes, differences are identified between the English and Spanish translating teams with regards to their philosophy of translation, which leads to an analysis of the social motivations of the translators’ behaviors within the field of political discourse translation in China. The following findings have been derived: 1) The Spanish translation is faithful to the form of expression of the ST, which suggests a translators’ behavioral tendency towards the “truth-seeking” principle. The English translation is freer since it upholds a semantic rather than formal equivalence to the ST, suggesting that the English translating team is more oriented towards the “utility-attaining” principle than their Spanish counterparts. 2) Observed from a diachronic perspective, the English translating team always maintained a balance between the two above-mentioned principles in translating the metaphors and their “truth-seeking” and “utility-attaining” behaviors were both enhanced in their translation of the third volume. The Spanish translating team always tilted towards the “truth-seeking” principle, demonstrating just a slight increase of “utility-attaining” behavior throughout their translation of the three volumes. 3) There is an evident difference between the English and Spanish translating teams regarding their “philosophy of faithfulness”. A “semantic” faithfulness with pragmatic concerns advocated by the former team is becoming the mainstream norm governing the current field of political discourse translation in China.
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Djebaili, Baya. "ترجمة النص المالي." Traduction et Langues 14, no. 1 (August 31, 2015): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v14i1.787.
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Financial Text Translation
Nowadays, specialized translation has acquired a great importance in different fields, particularly in the domain of affairs and finance. The domains covered by financial translation are various. They range from simple economic research to the most complex accounting studies. It is thus necessary for this translation to have a deep knowledge of the issue to be tackled, and a total mastery of the mechanisms of finance. Translating the financial terminology is the greatest obstacle that a translator meets in his work. This is due to its technical nature as well as the different neologisms regularly used in the language of finance. The most important element of this piece of work is the importance of research in both documentation and terminology. If these two elements are properly carried out, they allow the translator to translate any specialized text in any field without necessarily being a specialist in the domain in question. Nevertheless, he must usually carry out continuous research and have a universal knowledge. He also has to enrich and update his databases and terminological files to make of his translation a driving force for the coming translations.
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Ruhmadi, Abdul, and Mohamad Zaka Al Farisi. "Analisis Kesalahan Morfologi Penerjemahan Arab–Indonesia pada ChatGPT." Aphorisme: Journal of Arabic Language, Literature, and Education 4, no. 1 (July 17, 2023): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/aphorisme.v4i1.3148.
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The research focuses on analyzing translation errors in Arabic-Indonesian translations generated by Chat GPT in the field of morphology. The study's objectives are to: 1) Determine whether there are translation errors at the morphological level using the Chat GPT translation system and 2) Identify the areas where translation errors occur in morphology. The research utilizes purposive sampling as the data collection method. Qualitative data is analyzed through a literature review using content analysis techniques. The study's findings reveal the presence of translation errors in Arabic-Indonesian translations generated by Chat GPT at the morphological level. The errors identified include: 1) translating passive verbs into active verbs, 2) translating with the addition of morphemes in the target language, 3) translating verbs into nouns, 4) translating nouns into passive verbs, 5) selecting target language vocabulary that deviates from the source language, and 6) translating words that do not require translation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Translation field"
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Marklund, Åsa. "Translation of Technical terms : a study of translation strategies when translating terminology in the field of hydropower generation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13591.
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Abstract This study analyses the translation of a technical guidebook in the subject field of hydropower generation. The aim is to identify and apply functional translation theories when translating general technical terms, industry terms and contract terms. The theoretical basis for the study consists of Eugene Nida’s and Vinay & Darbelnet’s models for translation as well as theories on terminology by Rune Ingo and Therésa Cabré. During the translation process, technical terms were identified and subsequently translated using one or more of the theories described. The result was then analysed and discussed. Although the study is not comprehensive enough to draw significant conclusions, the result indicates that in order to render the best possible translation of technical terms, a combination of theories and methods are best applied; direct translation regarding systematized terminology similar to general technical terms and oblique translation, or dynamic equivalence, regarding industry terms and contract terms. The results further suggest that structural analysis is of great value in order to determine the correct level of the term. In addition, the translator’s experience and knowledge of the subject field as well as readiness to consult parallel texts seem to be vital to the outcome of the translation.
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Block, Katherine M. "Veils: Truth in Translation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2540.
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This supporting document for the thesis exhibition entitled “Veils: Truth in Translation” will discuss Block’s exploration of painting during her time at East Tennessee State University. The supporting document also provides the historical background and influences which have contributed to Block's overall process and techniques. These influences include the Abstract Expressionists, Carl Jung, Ferdinand de Saussure, John Dewey, Theodor Adorno, Joan Mitchell and Gerhard Richter. In the supporting document Block probes the idea that non-objective painting is more than a language confined by linguistic elements of sign, signifier, and signified, but is a process of thinking, which is communicated on a higher level of perception than verbal speech or visual symbolism. Block will discuss how she translates experiences from the metaphysical realm of feeling and thought to the physical reality of paint and surface which communicates the experience to the viewer.
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Mashamba, Mabula. "Translation and cultural adaptation with reference to Tshivenda and English : a case study of the medical field." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2193.
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Thesis (M.A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2011The aim of this study was to investigate the problems encountered by translators when translating medical terms from English into Tshivenda. It has been revealed in this study that the major problem that the translators are confronted with is lack of terminology in the specialized field such as Health. This problem is caused by the fact that different languages entail a variety of culture. The study revealed that most translators and lexicographers resort to transliteration and borrowing when confronted with zero-equivalence. They regard transliteration and borrowing as the quickest possible strategies. The study discovered that transliteration should not be opted as an alternative strategy to deal with zero-equivalence as users will be led to a state of confusion. The study revealed that communicative translation is regarded as the most fruitful method of translation as it conveys the exact message of the original in a best possible manner. Both the source and the target users get the same message. KEY CONCEPTS Translation, Culture, Source Language (SL), Target Language (TL), Translation equivalence and Zero-equivalence.
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Alsiary, Hind Abdullah. "Mapping the field of children's literature translation in Saudi Arabia : translation flow in accordance with socio-cultural norms." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15304/.
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This research focuses on highlighting the main socio-cultural norms which determine translation flows into the field of Saudi Arabian children’s literature, and their influence on translation as a process and product. The study maps a range of key aspects related to translation and publishing practices for children’s books in Saudi Arabia. In this thesis, a mixed-method approach is adopted which integrates both quantitative and qualitative methods. The research begins with the collection of statements from publishers in the field, with the aim of evaluating their perceptions of which factors influence their decisions and affect individual translation flow. Following this, a bibliographic data-list is compiled of the translations available in the country for children, to allow a comprehensive mapping of the field. Finally, a number of children’s books which have been translated and published by Saudi publishers are used in both their English and Arabic versions as data for a comparative analysis of the effects of translation norms on the process of translation on both paratextual and textual levels. The methodology of this research has been constructed based on multiple theoretical backgrounds; the primary resource is Toury’s norms theory (1995/2012) although concepts from Bourdieu’s sociological approach, such as the notions of field and capital, are also used, together with elements of the translation-flow concept postulated by Heilbron (1999/2010) (Heilbron and Sapiro, 2007), and the manipulation approach discussed by Lefevere (1992/2005). The cornerstone of this study is the empirical bibliographic data-list of the translated literature available to Saudi children, due to its significance in the fields of both children’s literature and translation in the country. Following the identification of the main social agents in the field, detailed analyses of the main four publishers were carried out by applying the case-study method. The aim of this is the evaluation of each publisher’s perceptions, capital, translation policies and influential norms, among other issues. Lastly, this research identifies the major socio-cultural factors governing the field of the translation of children’s literature, such as the Saudi laws of publication and other social and ideological forces.
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Stentaford, Allison. "Translating the Environment: A Comparative Analysis of Monolingual Corpora and Corpus-Based Resources, their Usability and their Effectiveness in Improving Translation Students’ Comprehension and Usage of Specialized Terminology in the Field of the Environment." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35978.
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Corpora and corpus-based resources have received much attention with regard to translator training, terminology, and specialized resource development. With a specialized monolingual corpus and a specialized online dictionary, the DiCoEnviro, we sought to provide insight into the usability and effectiveness of both types of resources in improving translation students’ comprehension and usage of specialized terminology in the field of the environment.
We assessed a specialized corpus and the DiCoEnviro through three lenses adapted from the usability framework proposed by Nielsen (2001): effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. We used data ( screen recordings, questionnaires, translation exercises) collected from six translation students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs at the University of Ottawa School of Translation and Interpretation (UO-STI).
Through quantitative and qualitative data analysis, we provide insight into the usability of both types of resources and into the prospective application of these findings in translator training programs and the development of specialized resources.
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van, Dyk Gerrit. "Translation as Katabasis and Nekyia in Seamus Heaney's "The Riverbank Field"." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3473.
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Translation has been at the heart of Seamus Heaney's career. In his poem, "The Riverbank Field," from his latest collection, Human Chain, Heaney engages in metatranslation, "Ask me to translate what Loeb gives as / 'In a retired vale...a sequestered grove' / And I'll confound the Lethe in Moyola." Curiously, with a broad spectrum of classical works at his disposal, the poet chooses a particular moment in Virgil's Aeneid as an image for translation. What is it about this conversation between Aeneas and his dead father, Anchises, at the banks of the Lethe which makes it uniquely fitting for Heaney to explore translation? In order to fully understand Heaney's decision to translate this scene from Aeneid 6, it must be clear how Heaney perceives the classical tropes of katabasis (descent into the underworld) and nekyia (communion with the dead). Due to the particularly violent and destructive history of the 20th century from the World Wars to the Holocaust, contemporary poets tend to portray katabasis and nekyia in their works as tragic (See Falconer's Hell in Contemporary Literature). Heaney subverts this view of a tragic descent and communion with the dead in his poetry, instead opting for a journey through Hell which is more optimistic and efficacious. Heaney's rejection of the contemporary tragic katabasis and nekyia allows these classical tropes to become a metaphor for translation. I argue Heaney demonstrates how he views translation and the role of the translator through this metatranslational instance in "The Riverbank Field." For Heaney, not only can a poet descend to the underworld where spirits of the literary dead wait for translation into a new medium, but the translator actually can succeed in bringing an ancient author to a modern readership.
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Girault, Benjamin. "Signal Processing on Graphs - Contributions to an Emerging Field." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1046/document.
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Ce manuscrit introduit dans une première partie le domaine du traitement du signal sur graphe en commençant par poser les bases d'algèbre linéaire et de théorie spectrale des graphes. Nous définissons ensuite le traitement du signal sur graphe et donnons des intuitions sur ses forces et faiblesses actuelles comparativement au traitement du signal classique. En seconde partie, nous introduisons nos contributions au domaine. Le chapitre 4 cible plus particulièrement l'étude de la structure d'un graphe par l'analyse des signaux temporels via une transformation graphe vers série temporelle. Ce faisant, nous exploitons une approche unifiée d'apprentissage semi-supervisé sur graphe dédiée à la classification pour obtenir une série temporelle lisse. Enfin, nous montrons que cette approche s'apparente à du lissage de signaux sur graphe. Le chapitre 5 de cette partie introduit un nouvel opérateur de translation sur graphe définit par analogie avec l'opérateur classique de translation en temps et vérifiant la propriété clé d'isométrie. Cet opérateur est comparé aux deux opérateurs de la littérature et son action est décrite empiriquement sur quelques graphes clés. Le chapitre 6 décrit l'utilisation de l'opérateur ci-dessus pour définir la notion de signal stationnaire sur graphe. Après avoir étudié la caractérisation spectrale de tels signaux, nous donnons plusieurs outils essentiels pour étudier et tester cette propriété sur des signaux réels. Le dernier chapitre s'attache à décrire la boite à outils \matlab développée et utilisée tout au long de cette thèseThis dissertation introduces in its first part the field of signal processing on graphs. We start by reminding the required elements from linear algebra and spectral graph theory. Then, we define signal processing on graphs and give intuitions on its strengths and weaknesses compared to classical signal processing. In the second part, we introduce our contributions to the field. Chapter 4 aims at the study of structural properties of graphs using classical signal processing through a transformation from graphs to time series. Doing so, we take advantage of a unified method of semi-supervised learning on graphs dedicated to classification to obtain a smooth time series. Finally, we show that we can recognize in our method a smoothing operator on graph signals. Chapter 5 introduces a new translation operator on graphs defined by analogy to the classical time shift operator and verifying the key property of isometry. Our operator is compared to the two operators of the literature and its action is empirically described on several graphs. Chapter 6 describes the use of the operator above to define stationary graph signals. After giving a spectral characterization of these graph signals, we give a method to study and test stationarity on real graph signals. The closing chapter shows the strength of the matlab toolbox developed and used during the course of this PhD
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Xi, Xiaoyu. "Controlled translation and oscillation of micro-bubbles near a surface in an acoustic standing wave field." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10981.
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The removal of contamination particles from silicon wafers is critical in the semiconductor industry. Traditional cleaning techniques encounter difficulties in cleaning micro and nanometer-sized particles. A promising method that uses acoustically-driven micro-bubbles to clean contaminated surfaces has been reported. However, little is understood about the microscopic interaction between the micro-bubble and particle. This thesis explores the mechanism underlying the ultrasonic cleaning using micro-bubbles at the micrometer scale. The investigation was carried out from the perspective of bubble dynamics near a surface and bubble-particle interaction. Prior to contributing to the particle removal, micro-bubbles normally need to be transported to a target surface. The motion of a bubble was analyzed based on a force balance model for single and multi-bubble translations respectively. A good agreement is found between the observed bubble movement trajectories and the theoretical predictions. After arriving on a surface, a micro-bubble starts to disturb the flow field near the boundary through its oscillation. The characteristics of the flow field are closely related to the bubble oscillation modes. The influence of a wall on the change of bubble oscillation mode during its translation toward the boundary was studied. The relationship between bubble oscillation modes and the corresponding microstreaming around the bubble was established. The experimental results of bubble oscillation modes and the flow motion are quantitatively in good agreement with the simulation results. From a mechanic point of view, a possible ultrasonic cleaning mechanism is explained by exploring the relationship between different torques that are exerted on micro and sub-micrometer-sized particles. This estimation provides a qualitative insight into the ultrasonic cleaning process at a moderate pressure amplitude. The experimental investigation of the complicated particle detachment process requires improved test equipment to be developed in the future.
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Kitchin, Paul J. "A Bourdieusian investigation into reproduction and transformation in the field of disability cricket." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16168.
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Disability cricket in England and Wales exists within a constant state of change. This thesis is an organizational analysis of how environmental factors foster reproduction and/or transformation within the field of disability cricket. It is important to examine how these factors are translated across multiple levels of analysis; institutional, organizational, and individual. A layered analysis is important because it attempts to overcome the limitations of previous micro- and macro-approaches to change. A reflexive ethnography that involved three years of fieldwork allowed perceptions and meanings of change to be examined in real-time. This approach is novel in studies of institutional and organizational change. Data was collected through formal and informal interviews, active-member observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal a series of structural and cognitive consequences, which included a greater number of playing opportunities for disabled cricketers and the establishment of an economic market for disability cricket which ensured organizational commitment to accepting accountability and managerial pressures. While change occurred, the nature of organizational responses to these environmental factors varied. Drawing on the theoretical insights of Bourdieu (2005) and the institutional theory of translation (Czarniawska & Sevon, 1996), I demonstrate that these responses varied between organizations because of the relationship between the field, the organization's doxa and the habitus of the individuals employed within. It concludes empirically that the translation of environmental factors is dependent on the interlinking relationships between institutions, organizations and individuals. The use of Bourdieu extends previous institutional analysis in sport management by providing a unique perspective on the role of organizations in reproducing inequality. As this thesis demonstrates institutional change is a recurrent theme in British sport organizations and further work is needed to examine the impact of these changes on the relations between sport organizations and the participants, employees and volunteers within them. As such it reinforces interdisciplinary calls to link sport management and the sociology of sport.
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Höllerer, Markus, Dennis Jancsary, Renate Meyer, and Oliver Vettori. "Imageries of corporate social responsibility: Visual recontextualization and field-level meaning." Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X(2013)0039AB018.
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In this paper, we explore how corporations use visual artifacts to translate and recontextualize a globally theorized managerial concept (CSR) into a local setting (Austria). In our analysis of the field-level visual discourse, we analyze over 1,600 images in stand-alone CSR reports of publicly traded corporations. We borrow from framing analysis and structural linguistics to show how the meaning structure underlying a multifaceted construct like CSR is constituted by no more than a relatively small number of fundamental dimensions and rhetorical standpoints (topoi). We introduce the concept of imageries-of-practice to embrace the critical role that shared visual language plays in the construction of meaning and the emergence of field-level logics. In particular, we argue that imageries-of-practice, compared to verbal vocabularies, are just as well equipped to link locally resonating symbolic representations and globally diffusing practices, thus expressing both the material and ideational dimension of institutional logics in processes of translation. We find that visual rhetoric used in the Austrian discourse emphasizes the qualities of CSR as a bridging concept, and facilitates the mediation of inconsistencies in several ways: By translating abstract global ideas into concrete local knowledge, imageries-of-practice aid in mediating spatial oppositions; by linking the past, present, and future, they bridge time; by mediating between different institutional spheres and their divergent logics, they appease ideational oppositions and reduce institutional complexity; and, finally, by connecting questionable claims with representations of authenticity, they aid in overcoming credibility gaps.
Books on the topic "Translation field"
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Risku, Hanna, Regina Rogl, and Jelena Milosevic, eds. Translation Practice in the Field. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.105.
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Terpitz, Olaf, ed. Yiddish and the Field of Translation. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205210306.
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Rosanna, Warren, ed. The Art of translation: Voices from the field. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1989.
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Rosanna, Warren, ed. The Art of translation: Voices from the field. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1989.
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Borchers, Hans-Jürgen. Translation group and particle representations in quantum field theory. Berlin: Springer, 1996.
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Borchers, Hans-Jürgen. Translation Group and Particle Representations in Quantum Field Theory. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49954-1.
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Field Day and the translation of Irish identities: Performing contradictions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
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James, Clifford. Routes: Travel and translation in the late twentieth century. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1997.
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N, Tice Terrence, ed. Brief outline of theology as a field of study: Translation of the 1811 and 1830 editions. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2011.
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1937-, Laird Edgar, and Fischer Robert, eds. Pèlerin de Prusse on the astrolabe: Text and translation of his Practique de astralabe. Binghamton, N.Y: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Translation field"
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Inghilleri, Moira. "Field theory." In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, 194–99. 3rd ed. Third edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315678627-42.
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Yakubovych, Mykhaylo. "5. Translation for Everyone." In The Kingdom and the Qur’an, 147–76. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0381.05.
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Chapter Five, ‘Translation for Everyone: Collaborative Saudi Publishing Projects in Foreign Languages’, explores individual and private publishing projects in Saudi Arabia, past and present. These range from standalone, one-off translations such as ‘Saheeh International’, one of the most widely distributed Qur’an translations in the English-speaking Muslim world; to those produced by commercial publishing projects such as Darussalam, which publishes in a range of languages; to missionary initiatives such as the Tafsīr al-ʿUshr al-Akhīr project. Additionally, the chapter discusses some examples of how digitisation in the field of Islamic sources is changing the face of translation, rendering the translator less visible and promoting the production of a kind of multi-language translation which aims to provide the same reading and interpretation in every language.
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Gipper, Andreas, and Susanne Greilich. "Translation Policy and the Politics of Translation: Introductory Remarks on Dimensions and Perspectives." In Übersetzungspolitiken in der Frühen Neuzeit / Translation Policy and the Politics of Translation in the Early Modern Period, 17–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67339-3_2.
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AbstractThe semantic field denoted by the two terms ‘policy’/‘politics’ of translation is of central importance because it allows us to focus on two complexes: 1. translation policy in the sense of translational norms and thus the question of the socio-cultural, economic and intercultural conditions that are responsible for the fact that translation takes place and in what form; and 2. the role of translation in the context of political processes of negotiation. Heuristically, three aspects of the political are thus of interest: cultural norms and criteria that decide on the fact and the type of translation (cultural filters); political, religious or economic interests that are linked to translations (calculation) and the significance of translations for all forms of interaction in the political sphere in the narrower sense (diplomacy).
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Locher, Miriam A., Daria Dayter, and Thomas C. Messerli. "Chapter 1. Interpreting, translating, transferring." In Pragmatics and Translation, 1–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.337.01loc.
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This introduction positions the themes of the collection within the field of pragmatics and translation studies. It outlines the breadth of the field from interpreting to sensory translation and discusses novel papers in four different parts. In the first three parts, translation is defined as involving at least two different languages, and the chapters focus on pragmatic processes and issues that surface in translation practices. The first part focuses on interpreting; the second part centers on the translation of fictional and non-fictional texts and spaces; the third part discusses audiovisual translation; and in the fourth part translation processes are explored in a wider context that includes translating senses and action into language in connection with experiencing and preparing food.
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Kahn, Daniel. "Between Translation and Tradaptation." In Yiddish and the Field of Translation, 243–54. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205210306.243.
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Prunč, Erich. "Priests, princes and pariahs: Constructing the professional field of translation." In Benjamins Translation Library, 39–56. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.74.03pru.
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Karakepeli, Christina. "Two Translation Periods in Dostoevsky’s Canon Formation in Greece (1886-1900 and 1926-54)." In Translating Russian Literature in the Global Context, 109–30. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0340.07.
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This chapter examines the role of translation in Dostoevsky’s reception in Greece during two different time periods: the late nineteenth century (1886-1900), when Dostoevsky’s writings were first translated in Greek periodicals, and the mid-twentieth century (1926-1954), when his collected works first appeared in Greek. I argue that Dostoevsky’s translations provide a case study for the diachronic reception of Russian literature in Greece, and how (re)translations and agents involved in the translation process (translators, publishers, editors) contributed to Dostoevsky’s canonization in Greek culture. The first section examines the early reception of Russian literature when the Modern Greek literary field, still taking shape, sought to accumulate literary resources through translation. I focus on the first Greek translation of Crime and Punishment (1889) by the writer Alexandros Papadiamantes (1851-1911). I analyse Papadiamantes’s highly idiosyncratic translation style and how Dostoevsky’s work influenced his own major novel, The Murderess (1903). The second part of the chapter explores the impact of the Russian Revolution on the Greek reception of Russian literature, and how the Greek publishing world reacted to expanding audiences for Russian works. I also investigate how, by founding publishing house Govostes Editions in 1926, publisher Kostas Govostes met demand for good-quality translations from Russian. Finally, I examine how the employment of the Russian-born Greek poet Ares Alexandrou (1922-1978) as a translator in 1942 allowed Govostes to publish Dostoevsky’s complete works, now regarded as the standard edition in Greek.
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Marten-Finnis, Susanne. "Translation, Cosmopolitanism and the Resilience of Yiddish." In Yiddish and the Field of Translation, 203–30. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205210306.203.
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Moskovich, Wolf. "Translations of Sholem Aleichem’s Works into Ukrainian." In Yiddish and the Field of Translation, 117–30. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205210306.117.
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Ben Isaak, Irad. "Beni Mer’s Translation of Menakhem Mendl, or: How to Translate a Yiddish Classic for the Israeli Readership?" In Yiddish and the Field of Translation, 131–52. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205210306.131.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Translation field"
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RUSU, Mihai Robert, and Titela VÎLCEANU. "DIAGNOSING MEDICAL TRANSLATION AND FRAMING CURRENT CHALLENGES." In Synergies in Communication. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/sic/2021/02.03.
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Specialised translation includes technical and scientific translation as research fields in their own right, on account of method, text type, purpose of translating and degree of specialisation. Being a borderline case between technical and scientific translation, medical translation requires a multidisciplinary approach. Admittedly, the paper focuses on shedding light on the complexity of medical translation, the medical translator facing as main challenges a vast range of texts and formats (even within the same sub-field of medicine), non-standardised terminology (continuing to evolve as aligned to new scientific discoveries), a lack of relevant resources (most importantly, multilingual medical databases) and the different expectations of the intended users of translation.
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Sharkey, Nolan, and Tatiana Tkachenko. "Poetry and Tax Statute: Translation as Interpretation." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.05.
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This paper applies the literary critique of translating poetry to the field of translating statute to raise significant constitutional and practical issues. The field of focus is taxation law, an area notable for its complexity and intricacy in a large number of countries. A linguistic argument is made that the demands that are made on the words of tax law parallel those made in poetry and this necessarily creates a demand for interpretation on the part of users of the law. This aspect of interpretation is then considered in situations that demand the translation of foreign and a number of constitutional and practical issues are highlighted in relation to the role of the translator. The issues raised in the paper are of significant importance in an increasingly globalised international tax world where statutes written in very different languages are called upon to interact with one another.
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Naji, Hayat. "Teaching and Learning Translation: From Methodological Reflection to Semantic Negotiation." In II. Alanya International Congress of Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/alanyacongress2-11.
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It should be noted that the ultimate aim of translation is to reproduce a message from a source language into a target language; to say otherwise would be to be unfaithful to the translator's task. But to carry out the act of translation, it is often necessary to make modifications, rectifications at the level of surface structure and at the level of deep structure, so the translator tends towards equivalence and identity by adopting this formal, grammatical and lexical change. Thus, translation in this sense should be part of a real didactic reflection that engenders both linguistic and stylistic perfection, but most interesting of all would be to develop teaching and learning skills. In the first place, our research aims to address the question of semantic equivalence in translation. So, to say that a translation is good, the translator needs a cognitive and linguistic arsenal, he needs rather to reflect on his translation, to strike out, to cross out, and this brings us back to Gerard Genette's palimpsest. Secondly, we'll look at the proximity of translation, and see how Umberto Eco establishes the philosophical stakes of the exercise in the adverb "almost", thus paving the way for a perception that sees the process of translation as a continual negotiation, especially as today's translator is faced with a panoply of texts of different natures; so how does the question of semantic negotiation relate to the translating operation? Finally, if we accept that the translator is the master of his choices, whether he adopts one method or another, this means that he is master of his decisions and practices. So, is the translator's hand transparent? Does he or she not embody both the role of guardian and prisoner in the translation process? This calls for reflection on the role of the translator, hence the need to reconsider the role of information transmitters (translators) and their training in the field of teaching/learning.
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Trofin, Roxana anca. "TEXTUAL GENERICITY AND AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-021.
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Texts for translation are nowadays more and more numerous, while people making translations for professional purposes or otherwise do not always have training in the field of translation and traductology. Therefore, it is frequently that they resort to automatic translation. This paper will approach a new issue, that has little been studied so far, namely finding out the relationship between genre and text type, and automatic translation, respectively. Within a context where the text has a permanent dynamic, where we deal, beside the << classical>> texts that can be localized in time and space from the production viewpoint, with closed texts in terms of form, even if they are semantically so very open, and up to hypertexts, in which the form participates in the construction of the meaning, the criteria of textuality established by text linguistics should be revisited. Thus, there are two types of questions which appear: firstly, what approach should we have to the act of translation, how is it reported to the text and what types of translation operations are mobilized; secondly, how do the genre and type of text to be translated influence the translation. Based on the automatic translation of a text corpus belonging to various genres, this paper will study the conditions of appropriacy of the act of translation carried out by means of software in function of the text genericity. Similarly, we will analyze the relation of the translator resorting to automatic translation as a tool of support with the text being translated. The investigation will comprise scientific texts, as well as literary ones and texts specific to web patterns of communication.
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Abdul sattar DAWH, wisam, and Saad Abdul – sada SABAH. "THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATING THE ISLAMIC CULTURAL TERM FROM ARABIC INTO HEBREW." In VI. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress6-5.
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One of the important issue is that culture consist of a series and standards that acted upon by a group community who behave in the way that lies within arrange of specific issues (The source language) and logically for that is translated of the object language unless the translator has acultural and social back ground in the both languages. So that he can reformulate the text in manner compatible with the bilingualism into which the translation intended. Therefore, the aim of this research was to reveal the relationship between culture and translation and its importance in translating the Islamic cultural term Arabic into Hebrew. Research problem: Recent studies, along with the experinces of other researchers in the field of translation ,revealed that the translator possesses in not sufficient in many. times to understand the texts he is translating and Sometimes he may work to over come those difficulties. that he presents with the help of special sources for that , but at the time of translating some Islamic cultural terms, the return to those soures is not sufficient for the purpose , this is because there are no synonyms in the target language, and it remains difficult to translate, no matter how much the translator tries to search in dictionaries and encyclopedias. sti bue irottak cat bao sort fo Research importance: The importance of this research lies in revealing the benefit of the culture awareness of the translator through the reconstruction of the text from Arabic into Hebrew (The Islamic cultural term as model). Research aim: The aim of this research is to highlight the necessity of having an adequate mastery of the language into which the person is translating. In addition, this research aims to clarify the fact that culture and translation are among the most specific variations in human linguistic communications. Research methodology: The methodology of this research is based on the study of applied translation.
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Yastrebov, Anatoliy S., Leonid M. Makarov, Sergey V. Protasenya, and Evgeniy V. Vereshak. "Translation of an aromatic field image." In Eighth International Workshop on Nondestructive Testing and Computer Simulations in Science and Engineering, edited by Alexander I. Melker. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.619723.
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Lane, Ian R., and Alex Waibel. "Class-based statistical machine translation for field maintainable speech-to-speech translation." In Interspeech 2008. ISCA: ISCA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-602.
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Sivtseva, Natalia, Nadezhda Paskova, Svetlana Voronova, and Irina Shilnikova. "INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC TRANSLATORS TRAINING IN BUSINESS FIELD: CASE STUDY OF THE NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY." In eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-148.
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The article discusses the issues of industry-specific translation training in the sphere of business at a non-linguistic educational institution. First of all, the urgency of designing innovative vocational translation courses, meeting the requirements of the rapidly changing world, is grounded by the authors. It is based on the necessity of implementing the principles of Bologna process, namely, of the principle of Lifelong Learning (LLL). Then, the authors present literature reviews necessary for conducting the research which state that business discourse is considered as part of economic discourse and describe its main characteristics that should be taken into account while teaching and training students-translators. In order to illuminate peculiarities and problematic issues connected with translators training the authors investigate specific features of business translation, such as translation of proper names, addresses, names of the companies and their products, companies legal forms, etc., and some translation techniques used to cope with the existing problems. Finally, the vocational training program "Translator in the Sphere of Professional Communication" implemented at the International Institute of Economics and Linguistics of Irkutsk State University is described, including the professional competences to be formed, subjects aimed at the development of students' translation skills, methods of control and assessment, etc. It is argued that such programs are rational and justified by the fact that the students have better prerequisites for being competent translators due to having special economic and business knowledge, and its graduates meet the needs of the modern labour market including the development of their hard and soft skills.
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Lazareva, Anastasia, and Elena Temnova. "KEY TRENDS IN TEACHING TRANSLATION RESEARCH FIELD." In 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.0845.
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Ma Yongguang and He Guoyu. "Deconvolution method of near-far field translation." In 2008 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt.2008.4540863.
Full textReports on the topic "Translation field"
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Tarasenko, Rostyslav O., Svitlana M. Amelina, and Albert A. Azaryan. Improving the content of training future translators in the aspect of studying modern CAT tools. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3877.
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The article deals with the search for improving the content of training for future translators, taking into account the expansion of the use of information technologies in the field of translation. The results of a study of curriculums for translators at the universities of Europe, America and Asia are presented. The use of CAT systems in the work of translation agencies is shown. The presentation of various CAT systems in training programs for translators and their use in the market of translation services is analyzed. It has been established that both university curricula and translation agencies are oriented, as a rule, not to one, but to several CAT systems. The results of a student survey based on their practice in translation agencies are presented. Recommendations have been developed regarding the inclusion of the most common CAT systems in the training program for translators. The expediency of studying not just one, but several CAT systems is substantiated. The necessity of studying both desktop and cloud CAT systems is indicated.
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Shaba, Varteen Hannah. Translating North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic Idioms into English. Institute of Development Studies, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2023.002.
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North-eastern Neo-Aramaic (also known as NENA) languages and literature are a prosperous and encouraging field of research. They abound with oral traditions and expressions that incorporate various spoken forms including everyday language, tales, songs, chants, prayers, proverbs, and more. These are used to transfer culture, knowledge, and community values. Some types of oral forms are idioms and fixed expressions. Idioms are extremely problematic to translate for a number of reasons, including: cultural and linguistic differences between languages; their specific connection to cultural practices and interpretations, and the difficulty of transferring the same meanings and connotations into another language with accuracy. This paper explores how to define and classify idioms, and suggests specific strategies and procedures to translate idioms from the NENA dialect Bartella (a local Aramaic dialect in Nineveh Plain) into English – as proposed by Baker (1992: 63–78). Data collection is based on 15 idioms in Bartella dialect taken from the heritage play Khlola d baretle teqta (Wedding in the old Bartella). The findings revealed that only three strategies are helpful to transfer particular cultural conceptualisations: using an idiom of similar meaning and form; using an idiom of similar meaning but different form, and translation by paraphrasing. Based on the findings, the author provides individuals and institutions with suggestions on how to save endangered languages and dialects, particularly with regard to the religious minorities’ heritage. Key among these recommendations is encouraging researchers and scholars to direct translation projects and activities towards preserving minority languages with their oral heritage and cultural expressions, which are susceptible to extinction.
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Lapidot, Moshe, and Vitaly Citovsky. molecular mechanism for the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance at the ty-5 locus. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604274.bard.
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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of tomato that causes extensive crop loss worldwide, including the US and Israel. Genetic resistance in the host plant is considered highly effective in the defense against viral infection in the field. Thus, the best way to reduce yield losses due to TYLCV is by breeding tomatoes resistant or tolerant to the virus. To date, only six major TYLCV-resistance loci, termed Ty-1 to Ty-6, have been characterized and mapped to the tomato genome. Among tomato TYLCV-resistant lines containing these loci, we have identified a major recessive quantitative trait locus (QTL) that was mapped to chromosome 4 and designated ty-5. Recently, we identified the gene responsible for the TYLCV resistance at the ty-5 locus as the tomato homolog of the gene encoding messenger RNA surveillance factor Pelota (Pelo). A single amino acid change in the protein is responsible for the resistant phenotype. Pelo is known to participate in the ribosome-recycling phase of protein biosynthesis. Our hypothesis was that the resistant allele of Pelo is a “loss-of-function” mutant, and inhibits or slows-down ribosome recycling. This will negatively affect viral (as well as host-plant) protein synthesis, which may result in slower infection progression. Hence we have proposed the following research objectives: Aim 1: The effect of Pelota on translation of TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to test the effect Pelota may or may not have upon translation of TYLCV proteins following infection of a resistant host. Aim 2: Identify and characterize Pelota cellular localization and interaction with TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to characterize the cellular localization of both Pelota alleles, the TYLCV-resistant and the susceptible allele, to see whether this localization changes following TYLCV infection, and to find out which TYLCV protein interacts with Pelota. Our results demonstrate that upon TYLCV-infection the resistant allele of pelota has a negative effect on viral replication and RNA transcription. It is also shown that pelota interacts with the viral C1 protein, which is the only viral protein essential for TYLCV replication. Following subcellular localization of C1 and Pelota it was found that both protein localize to the same subcellular compartments. This research is innovative and potentially transformative because the role of Peloin plant virus resistance is novel, and understanding its mechanism will lay the foundation for designing new antiviral protection strategies that target translation of viral proteins. BARD Report - Project 4953 Page 2
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Conrady, Morgan, Markus Bauer, Kyoo Jo, Donald Cropek, and Ryan Busby. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in volatile emissions from soil disturbance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42289.
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A method is described here for the concentration and determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) from the gaseous phase, with translation to field collection and quantification from soil disturbances in situ. The method is based on the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers for adsorption of volatile chemicals from the vapor phase, followed by desorption into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for analysis. The use of a SPME fiber allows simple introduction to the GC-MS without further sample preparation. Several fiber sorbent types were studied and the 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS was the best performer to maximize the detected peak areas of both analytes combined. Factors such as extraction temperature and time along with desorption temperature and time were explored with respect to analyte recovery. An extraction temperature of 30 ◦C for 10 min, with a desorption temperature of 230 ◦C for 4 min was best for the simultaneous analysis of both geosmin and 2-MIB without complete loss of either one. The developed method was used successfully to measure geosmin and 2-MIB emission from just above disturbed and undisturbed soils, indicating that this method detects both compounds readily from atmospheric samples. Both geosmin and 2-MIB were present as background concentrations in the open air, while disturbed soils emitted much higher concentrations of both compounds. Surprisingly, 2-MIB was always detected at higher concentrations than geosmin, indicating that a focus on its detection may be more useful for soil emission monitoring and more sensitive to low levels of soil disturbance.
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Donovan, Michael G., and Jolyne Sanjak. A Methodological Framework for Comparative Land Governance Research in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009291.
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Strengthening land governance is critically needed in Latin America and the Caribbean to protect the environment, achieve gender equality in land rights, expand the transparency of land records, and facilitate planned urban growth. Inadequate land administration limits the development of housing markets, tax collection, and the scale and speed of housing and land regularization programs in low-income communities. The region faces major challenges in land tenure informality and overlapping mandates for titling, mapping, and registration. In response to these issues, this technical note identifies the gaps in land governance information for five Latin American and Caribbean countries (Barbados, Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago), and provides a comparative methodological framework for field research in these countries. The annex provides Spanish and Portuguese translations of the questionnaire, which includes new questions absent from existing tools, such as the World Bank's Land Governance Assessment Framework and USAID's Blueprint for Strengthening Real Property Rights.
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Mehta, Goverdhan, Alain Krief, Henning Hopf, and Stephen A. Matlin. Chemistry in a post-Covid-19 world. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00013.
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The long-term impacts of global upheaval unleashed by Covid-19 on economic, political, social configurations, trade, everyday life in general, and broader planetary sustainability issues are still unfolding and a full assessment will take some time. However, in the short term, the disruptive effects of the pandemic on health, education, and behaviors and on science and education have already manifested themselves profoundly – and the chemistry arena is also deeply affected. There will be ramifications for many facets of chemistry’s ambit, including how it repositions itself and how it is taught, researched, practiced, and resourced within the rapidly shifting post-Covid-19 contexts. The implications for chemistry are discussed hereunder three broad headings, relating to trends (a) within the field of knowledge transfer; (b) in knowledge application and translational research; and (c) affecting academic/professional life.
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Solomon, L. Results of stretched wire field integral measurements on the mini-undulator magnet -- comparison of results obtained from circular and translational motion of the integrating wire. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/639797.
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SOLOMON, L. RESULTS OF STRETCHED WIRE FIELD INTEGRAL MEASUREMENTS ON THE MINI-UNDULATOR MAGNET-COMPARISON OF RESULTS OBTAINED FROM CIRCULAR AND TRANSLATIONAL MOTION OF THE INTEGRATING WIRE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10374.
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Paule, Bernard, Flourentzos Flourentzou, Tristan de KERCHOVE d’EXAERDE, Julien BOUTILLIER, and Nicolo Ferrari. PRELUDE Roadmap for Building Renovation: set of rules for renovation actions to optimize building energy performance. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541614638.
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In the context of climate change and the environmental and energy constraints we face, it is essential to develop methods to encourage the implementation of efficient solutions for building renovation. One of the objectives of the European PRELUDE project [1] is to develop a "Building Renovation Roadmap"(BRR) aimed at facilitating decision-making to foster the most efficient refurbishment actions, the implementation of innovative solutions and the promotion of renewable energy sources in the renovation process of existing buildings. In this context, Estia is working on the development of inference rules that will make it possible. On the basis of a diagnosis such as the Energy Performance Certificate, it will help establishing a list of priority actions. The dynamics that drive this project permit to decrease the subjectivity of a human decisions making scheme. While simulation generates digital technical data, interpretation requires the translation of this data into natural language. The purpose is to automate the translation of the results to provide advice and facilitate decision-making. In medicine, the diagnostic phase is a process by which a disease is identified by its symptoms. Similarly, the idea of the process is to target the faulty elements potentially responsible for poor performance and to propose remedial solutions. The system is based on the development of fuzzy logic rules [2],[3]. This choice was made to be able to manipulate notions of membership with truth levels between 0 and 1, and to deliver messages in a linguistic form, understandable by non-specialist users. For example, if performance is low and parameter x is unfavourable, the algorithm can gives an incentive to improve the parameter such as: "you COULD, SHOULD or MUST change parameter x". Regarding energy performance analysis, the following domains are addressed: heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting. Regarding the parameters, the analysis covers the following topics: Characteristics of the building envelope. and of the technical installations (heat production-distribution, ventilation system, electric lighting, etc.). This paper describes the methodology used, lists the fields studied and outlines the expected outcomes of the project.
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Parsons, Helen M. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer260.
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Objective. To understand the evidence base for nutrition interventions delivered prior to or during cancer treatment for preventing and treating negative cancer and cancer treatment–related outcomes among individuals with or at risk for malnutrition. The primary purpose was to inform the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention workshop Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes, held July 26–28, 2022. Data sources. We searched Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies from 2000 through July 2022. We conducted grey literature searches to identify additional resources relevant to the associated costs or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) of nutrition interventions. Review methods. The review was guided by a set of Key Questions established by the NIH planning committee for the Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes workshop. We searched for studies that evaluated a broad range of nutrition interventions (e.g., dietary supplements, nutrition support, nutrition counseling) for preventing and treating negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with enrollment ≥50 participants. We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies, then grouped studies by broad intervention and cancer types. We provide a detailed evidence map for all included studies, but conducted risk of bias and additional qualitative descriptions of outcomes for only those intervention and cancer types with a larger volume of literature. Results. We identified 9,798 unique references, with 206 studies from 219 publications reporting RCTs of nutrition interventions to potentially improve negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Two decades of randomized trial evidence on nutrition interventions for adults prior to and/or during cancer treatment primarily focused on dietary supplements, nutrition support (including oral nutrition supplements), and the route or timing of nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in the inpatient setting. Most studies evaluated changes in body weight/composition, adverse events, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. Few studies were conducted within the U.S. setting. Among intervention and cancer types with a high volume of literature (n=114), which predominantly included studies in dietary supplements and nutrition support in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, 11 percent (n=12) were rated as low risk of bias (higher quality), 40 percent (n=46) medium risk of bias, and 49 percent (n=56) high risk of bias (lower quality). Low and medium risk-of-bias studies reported mixed results on the effect of nutrition interventions across cancer and treatment-related outcomes. Although the evidence map shows a large volume of studies evaluating nutrition interventions and outcomes, these studies showed high heterogeneity across study populations, interventions, and outcomes (measure definitions, timing of measurements), even within nutrition intervention categories; as a result, we could not aggregate results. While studies enrolled individuals from multiple cancer types, treatments, and stages, across the lifespan, with varying degrees of muscle wasting, and in those with a range of comorbid conditions, no eligible studies specifically evaluated whether the effects of nutrition interventions on preventing negative outcomes varied across these characteristics. Among studies included in our Key Questions, we found that few (4%, n=8) published cost or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) information related to the intervention. In our grey literature search of additional studies examining cost or value of nutrition interventions, we found few studies that conducted cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analyses; among those that did, we found the studies were conducted in non-U.S. health systems and demonstrated mixed results on the value of nutrition interventions. Conclusions. Although overall RCT evidence focused on a wide range of nutrition interventions, studies were concentrated in use of dietary supplements, nutrition support, and the route or timing of nutrition interventions within gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in inpatient settings. Among interventions with the highest volume of literature, the majority of studies were rated as high risk of bias. Our findings point to the need for rigorous new research to bolster the evidence base. Specifically, the field needs a more detailed future evaluation of a subset of nutrition interventions contained in this evidence map that focuses on priorities most relevant to specific stakeholders (e.g., oncologists, patients, dietitians, researchers, policymakers). Further, studies should be specifically designed to evaluate the main outcomes of interest for clinical practice. Future research would also benefit from creation of standardized taxonomies for interventions and outcomes as well as more rigorous design and reporting of nutrition interventions. As mentioned, heterogeneity of populations, interventions, comparators, and outcomes precluded aggregation. Currently, the quality and heterogeneity of the studies limit translation of findings into clinical practice or guidelines. In order to inform development of these guidelines, coordinated efforts are required to develop detailed conceptual frameworks for mechanisms of nutrition interventions most relevant to clinical care providers and patients. Such frameworks would help inform priorities for future research as well as guide practice and policy.