Academic literature on the topic 'Translation de domaine'
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Journal articles on the topic "Translation de domaine"
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Louisor, Dominique M. "Jorge Luis Borges and Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 41, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.41.4.03lou.
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L'importance de la traduction pour Jorge Luis Borges et la relation qu'il entretient avec cet art constituent un domaine de recherche qui, jusqu'à présent, n'a été que fort peu étudié. Il est un fait cependant que pendant toute sa vie, l'auteur argentin a non seulement beaucoup traduit mais aussi écrit à propos de la traduction et de l'art de traduire, fut traduit lui-même en plusieurs langues et fit de la traduction le thème de base de très nombreux contes. Dans un premier temps, la présente étude met en évidence les vues théoriques et pratiques de Borges sur la traduction telles qu'il les énonce dans ses essais ou lors de divers entretiens. Elle explore ensuite en les comparant les textes traduits par Borges en espagnol et leurs textes sources qui proviennent de trois domaines littéraires, le domaine français, le domaine britannique et le domaine nord-américain. Dans un troisième temps, l'étude s'attache aux derniers travaux de traduction faits par Borges en collaboration avec le traducteur américain Norman Thomas di Giovanni, les versions anglaises de ses propres textes. Elle conclut enfin en démontrant le lien inévitable entre la traduction et le concept borgésien de l'auteur, du texte, et de la littérature, concept que concrétise Γ auto-traduction par la fusion de l'auteur et du traducteur, du texte et de son double.
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Blanchard, Nelly. "Évolution du phénomène de traduction dans le domaine littéraire de langue bretonne." Nottingham French Studies 60, no. 2 (July 2021): 206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2021.0317.
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Arguing that the concept of littérature-monde conceals unequal relations between literary cultures, this article examines the socio-economic contexts of literary translation from and into Breton from the fifteenth to the twenty-first century. The value of translation across the corpus of 1025 texts lies primarily in creating intercultural relationships and promoting cultural diversity. Translation into Breton represents a vital defence of a language with dwindling speaker numbers: in the late 1970s it increases dramatically, with littérature de jeunesse spearheading a change in state policy allowing regional languages to be taught in schools. Yet translation can also reinforce an existing power imbalance, highlighting the central role played by French in the linguistic and literary construction of Breton society. Poetry, songs and contes translated from Breton often perpetuate stereotypes of a bardic, oral culture, while nationalist writers reject self-translation into French as capitulation before the dominant culture. Since the 1980s, many have chosen to bypass French by translating into languages such as Welsh, Scottish, Irish or Catalan, creating a network of minority literatures. Since the market for Breton translation is so small, however, such texts serve as valuable identity markers, a symbolic, affective force articulating a quest for socio-political legitimacy via literature.
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Cheong, Ho-Jeong. "Translation Error Analysis and Translation Criticism in Korea1." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.5.1.03che.
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Malgré l’intérêt qui ne cesse de croître en Corée pour la traductologie, l’une de ses sousdisciplines, la critique de la traduction, en est encore à ses balbutiements. Pour garantir la qualité de la traduction dans une société donnée, il est essentiel que cette société puisse faire appel à une solide tradition de critique de la traduction. Cet article propose donc un modèle à la fois complet et systématique pour assurer un bon niveau d’évaluation des traductions et, par extension, un modèle de critique de la traduction puisant dans les riches perspectives offertes par la traductologie. La première partie consiste en un résumé de l’état actuel des recherches dans le domaine de la critique de la traduction en Corée, suivi d’une analyse des écueils qui guettent chaque filière adoptée en critique de la traduction. Ensuite, trois textes sont analysés afin de montrer la nécessité d’incorporer les perspectives offertes par la traductologie dans la critique de la traduction. En conclusion, on appelle les chercheurs en traductologie à participer de façon plus active aussi bien au développement de modèles qu’à la pratique dans le domaine de la critique de la traduction.
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Balkan, Lorna. "Translation Tools." Meta 37, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001954ar.
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Résumé L'article fait état de l'influence de l'ordinateur sur le travail du traducteur et se penche sur les ressources que l'informatique aura bientôt à offrir dans ce domaine. On fait d'abord une distinction entre les différents types de systèmes de traduction puis on en décrit plusieurs afin de donner une idée générale des systèmes présentement disponibles et de ce que les futurs systèmes pourront offrir.
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Abu-Ssaydeh, Abdul-Fattah. "Business translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 39, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.39.1.02abu.
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L'article, dont le contenu repose sur l'expérience personnelle de son auteur, explique comment les professionnels du commerce et les traducteurs contribuent à la traduction de documents anglais vers l'arabe. Un important matériel permet de démontrer que la contribution des professionnels est particulièrement importante dans le domaine des équivalences, tandis que celle des traducteurs consiste essentiellement à produire un document qui présente les éléments lexicolo-giques, grammaticaux et stylistiques appropriés. En outre, les traducteurs peuvent également aider les professionnels du commerce au niveau du choix d'équivalents arabes pour de nouveaux termes commerciaux anglais, en utilisant leur connaissance de l'arabe et les lignes de conduite que proposent les organisations linguistiques concernées.
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Delabastita, Dirk. "Translation and mass-communication." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 35, no. 4 (January 1, 1989): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.35.4.02del.
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Tout bien considéré, on ne peut que s'étonner de la disproportion entre l'importance évidente du phénomène de la traduction dans les mass-media audio-visuels (importance qui peut être définie en termes à la fois quantitatifs et qualitatifs) d'une part, et l'attention minimale que la science de la traduction y a accordée d'autre part. Bien qu'il y ait bon nombre de publications à ce sujet, la majorité d'entre elles sont d'orientation purement technique; en outre, leur teneur est souvent préscriptive plutôt que descriptive. En passant, cet article traite des causes de cette disproportion remarquable, mais avant tout nous avons l'intention d'indiquer de quelle façon la lacune pourrait être comblée. Le modèle que nous proposons est basé sur des schèmes de recherche dont l'utilité a amplement été établie dans le domaine de la traduction littéraire. En suivant Gideon Toury, nous présumons qu'il faut distinguer plusieurs niveaux de relations traductionnelles. Ainsi, la pratique de la traduction dans le domaine du film et de la télévision à l'intérieur d'une situation socioculturelle donnée (niveau de la performance) repose sur des choix faits parmi un ensemble d'alternatives assez vaste (niveau de la compétence); cette sélection est gouvernée par le niveau intermédiaire des normes. Les chercheurs de la traduction audiovisuelle devront se rendre compte de ces distinctions. Parmi leurs tâches les plus immédiates, nous comptons: - l'élaboratio n d'un modèle de compétence, c'est-à-dire, d'une théorie de la traduction audiovisuelle qui soit exempte de toute immixtion normative et qui soit fondée sur des disciplines diverses (sémiotique du film, théorie de la traduction, etc.); notre article essaye de jeter les bases d'une telle théorie; - l'analyse systématique et impartiale de la réalité historique des traductions afin de découvrir les mécanismes normatifs qui ont orienté les stratégies des traducteurs; à ce dessein, nous proposons un inventaire comprenant ces paramètres dont la pertinence nous semble fort probable.
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Tymoczko, Maria. "Computerized Corpora and the Future of Translation Studies." Meta 43, no. 4 (October 2, 2002): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004515ar.
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Résumé Cet article traite de la "centralité" des études basées sur le corpus par rapport au domaine entier de la traductologie. L'auteur met le lecteur en garde contre la tentation de faire de la rigueur scientifique une fin en soi par des études quantitatives vides et inutiles.
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Valdeón, Roberto A. "Euronews in Translation." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 123–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.7.1.06val.
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Dans un monde dominé par l’économie du marché, les actualités sont un produit (Allan 2004 & 2006) et les audiences accèdent immédiatement aux actualités partout dans le monde. La CCN et BBCWorld ont joué un rôle clé dans le domaine de l’information, souvent dans une optique anglophone. Afin de contrebalancer cette prédominance des médias anglophones, un conglomérat européen a mis en place Euronews en 1993. Notre étude s’intéresse au au site internet Euronews qui diffuse les nouvelles en huit langues et analyse l’élaboration d’une perspective européenne en s’appuyant sur le concept des narratifs (Baker 2006, Somers 1992 et 1997, Somers & Gibson 1994), et en particulier sur le concept des « narratifs publics ». Notre étude a recours à la progression thème-rhème (Gerzymisch-Arbogast, Kunold & Rothfuß-Bastian 2006) et au modèle de Kress & Leewen (1999) pour l’analyse du texte visuel et porte sur quatre-vingt cinq dépêches diffusées dans six des huit langues d’Euronews.
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Côté, C. Y., M. Nantel, J. Gauthier, and J. C. Kieffer. "Cinématographie ultrarapide dans le domaine des courtes longueurs d'onde." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1994): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-108.
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We present some recent results on the temporal evolution of X-ray images and spectra of laser produced plasmas. These results illustrate our progress in the development of a new technology for subpicosecond cinematography. We discuss the perspectives of such a technology for the control and optimization of ultrashort X-ray sources.[Journal translation]
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Emery, Peter G. "Text Classification and Text Analysis in Advances Translation Teaching." Meta 36, no. 4 (September 30, 2002): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002707ar.
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Résumé On étudie d'abord les différentes bases théoriques sur lesquelles se fonde la classification des textes tout en préconisant comme critère prépondérant le domaine ou « contexte social ». On traite des méthodes d'analyse de textes en tenant compte de certaines théories linguistiques. Enfin, on souligne l'importance de l'analyse textuelle dans la pédagogie de la traduction. Les exemples illuslrafifs sont tirés de traductions arabe/anglais.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Translation de domaine"
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Choi, Mi-Kyung. "La cotraduction : domaine littéraire coréen-français." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030025/document.
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Nous nous sommes donné pour objectif d'étudier les questions posées par la traduction littéraire en B à partir du coréen effectuée en binôme par un traducteur coréen et un cotraducteur spécialiste de la langue d'arrivée, et d'en préciser les conditions de réussite.En matière littéraire du coréen vers le français, ce couplage vise à pallier l'absence de traducteurs français capables de travailler seuls.L'opération traduisante étant effectuée par des traducteurs coréens travaillant en B, l'exigence formelle de la traduction littéraire implique l'intervention d'un réviseur français.De plus en plus d'œuvres coréennes sont traduites selon cette modalité et publiées en France. Nous avons analysé les différentes étapes du processus, de la compréhension à la réexpression, à la lumière e la théorie interprétative de la traduction en tentant de montrer pourquoi le concept clé de la déverbalisation légitime la cotraduction, l'activité traduisante étant une opération de texte à texte, non de langue à langue. La première partie de notre recherche est consacrée à l'étude du cadre théorique (définition des notions auxquelles nous recourons, description de la théorie interprétative) et pratique (aperçu de l'état présent de la traduction française des textes littéraires coréens). Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons analysé des exemples de traduction en montrant le cheminement des échanges entre le traducteur et le cotraducteur, et en précisant la nature du guidage donné par le premier au second ainsi que la nature de la contribution de ce dernier. Nous aboutissons à la conclusion qu'une pratique souvent considérée seulement comme un pis-aller peut prétendre à produire des textes d'une réelle qualité littéraire dès lors que la technique mise en œuvre respecte les conditions que nous tentons de définir iciOur aim was to study the issue of literary translation when it is carried into the B language of the translator (here from Korean to French) with the assistance of a co-translator native speaker of the target language and to point out the conditions of success. In the field of literary translation from Korean into French, this kind of team-work aims at overcoming the lack of French translators able to produce literary standard translations by themselves. When the translation is done by a Korean translator working into his B language, a thorough work of editing and rewriting is required due to the formal requirements of literary writing. An increasing number of Korean novels and short stories are translated by such a dual team and published in France.We analyze the different steps of the process of translation, from understanding to reformulation in the light of the Interpretive Theory of Translation, trying to show why the key concept of “de-verbalization” makes co-translation justifiable, translation being defined as an operation from text to text not from language to language.The first part of our research is devoted to the theoretical aspects of our study (definition of some key notions, mainly of the Interpretive Theory of Translation) and its practical aspects (general survey of translated Korean literary works into French). In the second part, we analyze a large number of our translation samples with the objective of showing the sort of dialog the translator and her co-translator entertain, and underlining the nature of guidance proposed by the first one to second one and the contribution of the last one.Our conclusion is that, thanks to this dual-team process, often wrongly considered as a lesser evil, we are able to produce quality literary translation provided that the method implemented takes into account the conditions we describe here
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Mayet, Tsiry. "Multi-domain translation in a semi-supervised setting." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR46.
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Cette thèse explore la génération multi-modale dans un contexte d'apprentissage semi-supervisé, en abordant deux défis cruciaux : la prise en charge de configurations flexibles d'entrées et de sorties à travers plusieurs domaines, et le développement d'une stratégie d'entraînement efficace des données semi-supervisées. Alors que les systèmes d'intelligence artificielle progressent, il existe un besoin croissant de modèles capables d'intégrer et de générer de manière flexible plusieurs modalités, reflétant les capacités cognitives humaines. Les systèmes d'apprentissage profond conventionnels peinent souvent lorsqu'ils s'écartent de leur configuration d'entraînement, notamment lorsque certaines modalités sont indisponibles dans les applications réelles. Par exemple, dans le domaine médical, les patients pourraient ne pas faire tous les examens possibles pour un système d'analyse complet. Obtenir un contrôle plus fin sur les modalités générées est crucial pour améliorer les capacités de génération et fournir des informations contextuelles plus riches. De plus, l'augmentation du nombre de domaines rend plus difficile l'obtention d'une supervision simultanée. Nous nous concentrons sur la translation multi-domaine dans un contexte semi-supervisé, étendant le paradigme classique de translation de domaine. Plutôt que de considérer une direction de translation spécifique ou de les limiter entre paires de domaines, nous développons des méthodes facilitant les translations entre toutes les configurations possibles de domaines. L'aspect semi-supervisé reflète des scénarios réels où une annotation complète des données est souvent infaisable ou prohibitivement coûteuse. Notre travail présente trois contributions : (1) l'étude des fonctions de régularisation pour l'espace latent avec une supervision limitée, (2) l'étude de la mise à l'échelle et de la flexibilité des modèles de translation basés sur les modèles de diffusion, et (3) l'amélioration de la vitesse de génération des modèles d'inpainting par diffusion. Premièrement, nous proposons LSM, un modèle de translation semi-supervisé exploitant des données d'entrée supplémentaires et des données de sortie structurées pour régulariser les dépendances inter-domaines et intra-domaines. Deuxièmement, nous développons MDD, un modèle semi-supervisé de translation multi-domaine basé sur la diffusion. MDD transforme la fonction de perte classique des modèles de diffusion d'une fonction de reconstruction vers une fonction de translations en modélisant différents niveaux de bruit par domaine. Le modèle exploite les domaines moins bruités pour reconstruire les domaines plus bruités, permettant de modéliser les données manquantes comme du bruit pur et d'obtenir une configuration flexible des domaines condition et cible. Enfin, nous introduisons TD-Paint, un modèle d'inpainting basé sur la diffusion améliorant la vitesse de génération et à réduire la charge de calcul associée à la génération. Notre étude révèle que les modèles d'inpainting par diffusion souffrent d'une désynchronisation entre génération et conditionnement. Les solutions existantes, reposant sur le rééchantillonnage ou des régularisations supplémentaires, augmentent la complexité computationnelle. TD-Paint résout ce problème en modélisant des niveaux de bruit variables au niveau des pixels, permettant une utilisation efficace de la condition dès le début du processusThis thesis explores multi-modal generation and semi-supervised learning, addressing two critical challenges: supporting flexible configurations of input and output across multiple domains, and developing efficient training strategies for semi-supervised data settings. As artificial intelligence systems advance, there is growing need for models that can flexibly integrate and generate multiple modalities, mirroring human cognitive abilities. Conventional deep learning systems often struggle when deviating from their training configuration, which occurs when certain modalities are unavailable in real-world applications. For instance, in medical settings, patients might not undergo all possible scans for a comprehensive analysis system. Additionally, obtaining finer control over generated modalities is crucial for enhancing generation capabilities and providing richer contextual information. As the number of domains increases, obtaining simultaneous supervision across all domains becomes increasingly challenging. We focus on multi-domain translation in a semi-supervised setting, extending the classical domain translation paradigm. Rather than addressing specific translation directions or limiting translations to domain pairs, we develop methods facilitating translations between any possible domain configurations, determined at test time. The semi-supervised aspect reflects real-world scenarios where complete data annotation is often infeasible or prohibitively expensive. Our work explores three main areas: (1) studying latent space regularization functions to enhance domain translation learning with limited supervision, (2) examining the scalability and flexibility of diffusion-based translation models, and (3) improving the generation speed of diffusion-based inpainting models. First, we propose LSM, a semi-supervised translation framework leveraging additional input and structured output data to regularize inter-domain and intra-domain dependencies. Second, we develop MDD, a novel diffusion-based multi-domain translation semi-supervised framework. MDD shifts the classical reconstruction loss of diffusion models to a translation loss by modeling different noise levels per domain. The model leverages less noisy domains to reconstruct noisier ones, modeling missing data from the semi-supervised setting as pure noise and enabling flexible configuration of condition and target domains. Finally, we introduce TD-Paint, a novel diffusion-based inpainting model improving generation speed and reducing computational burden. Through investigation of the generation sampling process, we observe that diffusion-based inpainting models suffer from unsynchronized generation and conditioning. Existing models often rely on resampling steps or additional regularization losses to realign condition and generation, increasing time and computational complexity. TD-Paint addresses this by modeling variable noise levels at the pixel level, enabling efficient use of the condition from the generation onset
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Celot, Alberto. "La traduction de l'essai poétique : domaine Français-Italien." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01012039.
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Cette thèse a pour but l'analyse du discours de l'essai poétique et des moyens qui permettent sa traduction du français à l'italien. Elle s'articule en trois phases: - étude de l'essai poétique dans une perspective diachronique (son histoire et sa constitution en genre littéraire) et synchronique (sa forme) ;- analyse de ce qui rend l'essai poétique, tant du point de vue de l'auteur que du point de vue du lecteur ;- examen de la notion de traduction pragmatique et de traduction littéraire telles qu'elles sont proposées par la Théorie Interprétative de la traduction et l'application de cette dernière aux traductions de deux essais de Predrag Matvejevitch. La démarche est moins prescriptive que descriptive : c'est la compréhension des mécanismes qui président à la construction et à la communication du sens qui est privilégiée. C'est de cette manière que l'on pourra percevoir les possibilités expressives du discours de l'essai et pénétrer un peu dans ce prodige qu'est la communication interlinguistique réalisée par le traducteur.
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Rubino, Raphaël. "Traduction automatique statistique et adaptation à un domaine spécialisé." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879945.
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Nous avons observé depuis plusieurs années l'émergence des approches statistiques pour la traduction automatique. Cependant, l'efficacité des modèles construits est soumise aux variabilités inhérentes au langage naturel. Des études ont montré la présence de vocabulaires spécifique et général composant les corpus de textes de domaines spécialisés. Cette particularité peut être prise en charge par des ressources terminologiques comme les lexiques bilingues.Toutefois, nous pensons que si le vocabulaire est différent entre des textes spécialisés ou génériques, le contenu sémantique et la structure syntaxique peuvent aussi varier. Dans nos travaux,nous considérons la tâche d'adaptation aux domaines spécialisés pour la traduction automatique statistique selon deux axes majeurs : l'acquisition de lexiques bilingues et l'édition a posteriori de traductions issues de systèmes automatiques. Nous évaluons l'efficacité des approches proposées dans un contexte spécialisé : le domaine médical. Nos résultats sont comparés aux travaux précédents concernant cette tâche. De manière générale, la qualité des traductions issues de systèmes automatiques pour le domaine médical est améliorée par nos propositions. Des évaluations en oracle tendent à montrer qu'il existe une marge de progression importante
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Jin, Gan. "Système de traduction automatique français-chinois dans le domaine de la sécurité globale." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1006.
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Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons outre les résultats de recherche en vue d’un système de traduction automatique français–chinois, les apports théoriques à partir de la théorie SyGULAC et de la théorie micro-systémique avec ses calculs ainsi que les méthodologies élaborées tendant à une application sure et fiable dans le cadre de la traduction automatique. L’application porte sur des domaines de sécurité critique tels que l’aéronautique, la médecine, la sécurité civile. Tout d’abord un état de l’art du domaine de la traduction automatique, en Chine et en France, est utile pour commencer la lecture. Les faiblesses des systèmes actuels à travers des tests que nous réalisons prouvent l’intérêt de cette recherche. Nous donnons les raisons pour lesquelles nous avons choisi la théorie micro-systémique et la théorie SyGULAC. Nous expliquons ensuite les problématiques rencontrées au cours de notre recherche. L’ambigüité, obstacle majeur pour la compréhensibilité et la traductibilité d’un texte, se situe à tous les niveaux de la langue : syntaxique, morphologique, lexical, nominal ou encore verbal. L’identification des unités d’une phrase est aussi une étape préalable à la compréhension globale, que cela soit pour un être humain ou un système de traduction. Nous dressons un état des lieux de la divergence entre la langue française et la langue chinoise en vue de réaliser un système de traduction automatique. Nous essayons d’observer la structure aux niveaux verbal, nominal et lexical, de comprendre leurs liens et leurs interactions. Egalement nous définissons les obstacles sources d’entrave à la réalisation de cette recherche, avec un point de vue théorique mais aussi en étudiant notre corpus concret. Le formalisme pour lequel nous avons opté part d’une étude approfondie de la langue utilisée dans les protocoles de sécurité. Une langue ne se prête au traitement automatique que si elle est formalisée. De ce fait, nous avons procédé à l’analyse de plusieurs corpus bilingues français/chinois mais aussi monolingues émanant d’organismes de sécurité civile. Le but est de dégager les particularités linguistiques (lexicales, syntaxiques, …) qui caractérisent la langue de la sécurité en général et de recenser toutes les structures syntaxiques qu’utilise cette langue. Après avoir présenté la formalisation de notre système, nous montrons les processus de reconnaissance, de transfert et de générationIn this paper, in addition to our research results for a French-Chinese machine translation system, we present the theoretical contributions from the SyGULAC theory and from the micro-systemic theory with its calculations as well as the methodologies developed aimed at a secure and reliable application in the context of machine translation. The application covers critical safety areas such as aerospace, medicine and civil security.After presenting the state of the art in the field of machine translation in China and France, the reasons of the choice of the micro-systemic theory and SyGULAC theory are explained. Then, we explain the problems encountered during our research. The ambiguity, which is the major obstacle to the understandability and to the translatability of a text, is present at all language levels: syntactic, morphological, lexical, nominal and verbal. The identification of the units of a sentence is also a preliminary step for global understanding, whether for human beings or for a translation system. We present an inventory of the divergences between the french and the chinese language in order to achieve an machine translation system. We try to observe the verbal, nominal and vocabulary structure levels, in order to understand their interconnections and their interactions. We also define the obstacles to this research, with a theoretical point of view but also by studying our corpus.The chosen formalism starts from a thorough study of the language used in security protocols. A language is suitable for automatic processing only if this language is formalized. Therefore, An analysis of several French/Chinese bilingual corpora, but also monolingual, from civil security agencies, was conducted. The goal is to find out and present the linguistic characteristics (lexical, syntactic ...) which characterize the language of security in general, and to identify all the syntactic structures used by this language. After presenting the formalization of our system, we show the recognition, transfer and generation processes
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Kouniali, Samy Habib. "Désambigüisation de groupes nominaux complexes en conformité avec les connaissances du domaine : application a la traduction automatique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL096N.
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Un des problèmes majeurs rencontrés en traduction automatique (et plus généralement en traitement automatique multi-domaine du langage naturel) est celui de la surgénération d'interprétations profondes des énoncés lors de l'analyse. Le système dont nous exposons la conception et l'implémentation, et que nous avons nomme syvac (système de validation de la cohérence), est destiné à réduire la surgénération d'interprétations sémantiques des énoncés générés par des analyseurs utilisés en traduction automatique, en éliminant celles qui sont incohérentes par rapport aux connaissances de base, générales et sur le domaine traité par le texte, dont on dispose. A cet effet, nous munissons les mots et les concepts d'un certain nombre de relations conceptuelles potentielles qui décrivent la faculté qu'ont les concepts mis en jeu à s'associer au sein d'une interprétation donnée. Nous montrons enfin qu'en vérifiant la cohérence de plusieurs interprétations d'un énoncé analysé, avec les informations disponibles sur le domaine (relations potentielles et quelques règles de raisonnements simples), syvac arrive à déterminer celles qui ont le plus de chances d'avoir un sens, sans obligatoirement donner une description fine de ce sens. L'implémentation est réalisée en nexpertobjet, ce qui permet une représentation objet des connaissances avec héritage multiple des propriétés, d'une part, et l'emploi d'un moteur d'inférences à base de règles, de l'autre
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Kiattibutra-Anantalapochai, Raksi. "Analyse lexicale, morphologique et syntaxique du Thaï en vue de la traduction automatique appliquée au domaine de l'administration publique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020748.
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Cette recherche présente une méthode d'analyse micro-systémique des mots composés thaïs. Le but denotre étude est de trouver une réponse au questionnement suivant " existe-t- il une voie qui permette de traduireautomatiquement les mots thaïs vers le français avec un résultat parfait ? ". Ce travail est divisé en cinqchapitres. La première partie concerne une histoire brève de la traduction automatique dont celle du thaï. Lespoints de vue des autres travaux sont étudiés. Le deuxième chapitre présente les caractéristiques de la langue thaïe qui possède une forme d'écriture typique sans espacement et peut entrainer des difficultés en termes d'ambiguïté dans la traduction. Certaines divergences entre le thaï et le français sont soulignées à l'aide de la théorie micro-systémique du Centre Tesnière. Le troisième chapitre fait l'étude des mots composés thaïs en utilisant une méthode hybride de l'analyse morphosyntaxique et notre système à base de règles conformes à notre modèle d'analyse de données. Le quatrième chapitre met en évidence un contrôle modélisé des unités lexicales codées syntaxiquement et sémantiquement afin d'en définir des algorithmes efficaces. Le dernier chapitre conclut sur les résultats des nouveaux algorithmes par leur informatisation. Sont enfin énoncées les perspectives ouvertes par cette nouvelle recherche. Cette étude est présentée comme un travail fiable à l'élimination des ambiguïtés. Fondée sur une méthode hybride, elle nous a permis d'atteindre notre objectif et de trouver ainsi une voie efficace qui nous autorise à traduire automatiquement les mots thaïs vers le français. Le résultat place cet outil comme l'un des plus accessibles à la recherche internationale où le thaï et le français prennent leurs places de choix
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Brunello, Marco. "Domain and genre dependency in Statistical Machine Translation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8420/.
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Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) is currently the most promising and widely studied paradigm in the broader field of Machine Translation, continuously explored in order to improve its performance and to find solutions to its current shortcomings, in particular the sparsity of big bilingual corpora in a variety of domains or genres to be used as training data. However, while one the main trends is still to rely as much as possible on already available large collections of data, even when they do not fit quite well specific translation tasks in terms of relatedness of content, the possibility of using less but appropriately selected training sets - depending on the textual variety of the documents that need to be translated case by case - has not been extensively explored as much so far. The goal of this research is to investigate whether this latter possibility, i.e. the lack of availability of large quantities of assorted data, can have a possible solution in the application of strategies commonly used in genre and domain classification (including unsupervised topic modeling and document dissimilarity techniques), in particular performing subsampling experiments on bilingual corpora in order to obtain a good fit between training data and the texts that need to be translated with SMT. For the purposes of this study, already existing freely available large corpora were found to be unsuitable for the selection of domain/document specifc subsamples, so two new parallel corpora - English-Italian and English-German - were compiled employing the \web as corpus" approach on websites containing translated content. Then some tests were made on documents belonging to different varieties, translated with SMT systems built using subsamples of training data selected using document dissimilarity measures in order to pick up the most suitable documents as training data. Such method has shown how the choice of subsampling strategy heavily depends on the text variety of each considered document, but it has also proven that better translation results can be obtained from small samples of training sets rather than using all the available data, which brings benefits also in terms of quicker training times and use of fewer computational resources.
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Wu, Fei. "An online domain-based Portuguese-Chinese machine translation system." Thesis, University of Macau, 1999. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636999.
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Chinea, Ríos Mara. "Advanced techniques for domain adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/117611.
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[ES] La Traducción Automática Estadística es un sup-campo de la lingüística computacional que investiga como emplear los ordenadores en el proceso de traducción de un texto de un lenguaje humano a otro. La traducción automática estadística es el enfoque más popular que se emplea para construir estos sistemas de traducción automáticos. La calidad de dichos sistemas depende en gran medida de los ejemplos de traducción que se emplean durante los procesos de entrenamiento y adaptación de los modelos. Los conjuntos de datos empleados son obtenidos a partir de una gran variedad de fuentes y en muchos casos puede que no tengamos a mano los datos más adecuados para un dominio específico. Dado este problema de carencia de datos, la idea principal para solucionarlo es encontrar aquellos conjuntos de datos más adecuados para entrenar o adaptar un sistema de traducción. En este sentido, esta tesis propone un conjunto de técnicas de selección de datos que identifican los datos bilingües más relevantes para una tarea extraídos de un gran conjunto de datos.
Como primer paso en esta tesis, las técnicas de selección de datos son aplicadas para mejorar la calidad de la traducción de los sistemas de traducción bajo el paradigma basado en frases. Estas técnicas se basan en el concepto de representación continua de las palabras o las oraciones en un espacio vectorial. Los resultados experimentales demuestran que las técnicas utilizadas son efectivas para diferentes lenguajes y dominios.
El paradigma de Traducción Automática Neuronal también fue aplicado en esta tesis. Dentro de este paradigma, investigamos la aplicación que pueden tener las técnicas de selección de datos anteriormente validadas en el paradigma basado en frases. El trabajo realizado se centró en la utilización de dos tareas diferentes de adaptación del sistema. Por un lado, investigamos cómo aumentar la calidad de traducción del sistema, aumentando el tamaño del conjunto de entrenamiento. Por otro lado, el método de selección de datos se empleó para crear un conjunto de datos sintéticos. Los experimentos se realizaron para diferentes dominios y los resultados de traducción obtenidos son convincentes para ambas tareas.
Finalmente, cabe señalar que las técnicas desarrolladas y presentadas a lo largo de esta tesis pueden implementarse fácilmente dentro de un escenario de traducción real.[CAT] La Traducció Automàtica Estadística és un sup-camp de la lingüística computacional que investiga com emprar els ordinadors en el procés de traducció d'un text d'un llenguatge humà a un altre. La traducció automàtica estadística és l'enfocament més popular que s'empra per a construir aquests sistemes de traducció automàtics. La qualitat d'aquests sistemes depèn en gran mesura dels exemples de traducció que s'empren durant els processos d'entrenament i adaptació dels models. Els conjunts de dades emprades són obtinguts a partir d'una gran varietat de fonts i en molts casos pot ser que no tinguem a mà les dades més adequades per a un domini específic. Donat aquest problema de manca de dades, la idea principal per a solucionar-ho és trobar aquells conjunts de dades més adequades per a entrenar o adaptar un sistema de traducció. En aquest sentit, aquesta tesi proposa un conjunt de tècniques de selecció de dades que identifiquen les dades bilingües més rellevants per a una tasca extrets d'un gran conjunt de dades. Com a primer pas en aquesta tesi, les tècniques de selecció de dades són aplicades per a millorar la qualitat de la traducció dels sistemes de traducció sota el paradigma basat en frases. Aquestes tècniques es basen en el concepte de representació contínua de les paraules o les oracions en un espai vectorial. Els resultats experimentals demostren que les tècniques utilitzades són efectives per a diferents llenguatges i dominis. El paradigma de Traducció Automàtica Neuronal també va ser aplicat en aquesta tesi. Dins d'aquest paradigma, investiguem l'aplicació que poden tenir les tècniques de selecció de dades anteriorment validades en el paradigma basat en frases. El treball realitzat es va centrar en la utilització de dues tasques diferents. D'una banda, investiguem com augmentar la qualitat de traducció del sistema, augmentant la grandària del conjunt d'entrenament. D'altra banda, el mètode de selecció de dades es va emprar per a crear un conjunt de dades sintètiques. Els experiments es van realitzar per a diferents dominis i els resultats de traducció obtinguts són convincents per a ambdues tasques. Finalment, cal assenyalar que les tècniques desenvolupades i presentades al llarg d'aquesta tesi poden implementar-se fàcilment dins d'un escenari de traducció real.
[EN] La Traducció Automàtica Estadística és un sup-camp de la lingüística computacional que investiga com emprar els ordinadors en el procés de traducció d'un text d'un llenguatge humà a un altre. La traducció automàtica estadística és l'enfocament més popular que s'empra per a construir aquests sistemes de traducció automàtics. La qualitat d'aquests sistemes depèn en gran mesura dels exemples de traducció que s'empren durant els processos d'entrenament i adaptació dels models. Els conjunts de dades emprades són obtinguts a partir d'una gran varietat de fonts i en molts casos pot ser que no tinguem a mà les dades més adequades per a un domini específic. Donat aquest problema de manca de dades, la idea principal per a solucionar-ho és trobar aquells conjunts de dades més adequades per a entrenar o adaptar un sistema de traducció. En aquest sentit, aquesta tesi proposa un conjunt de tècniques de selecció de dades que identifiquen les dades bilingües més rellevants per a una tasca extrets d'un gran conjunt de dades. Com a primer pas en aquesta tesi, les tècniques de selecció de dades són aplicades per a millorar la qualitat de la traducció dels sistemes de traducció sota el paradigma basat en frases. Aquestes tècniques es basen en el concepte de representació contínua de les paraules o les oracions en un espai vectorial. Els resultats experimentals demostren que les tècniques utilitzades són efectives per a diferents llenguatges i dominis. El paradigma de Traducció Automàtica Neuronal també va ser aplicat en aquesta tesi. Dins d'aquest paradigma, investiguem l'aplicació que poden tenir les tècniques de selecció de dades anteriorment validades en el paradigma basat en frases. El treball realitzat es va centrar en la utilització de dues tasques diferents d'adaptació del sistema. D'una banda, investiguem com augmentar la qualitat de traducció del sistema, augmentant la grandària del conjunt d'entrenament. D'altra banda, el mètode de selecció de dades es va emprar per a crear un conjunt de dades sintètiques. Els experiments es van realitzar per a diferents dominis i els resultats de traducció obtinguts són convincents per a ambdues tasques. Finalment, cal assenyalar que les tècniques desenvolupades i presentades al llarg d'aquesta tesi poden implementar-se fàcilment dins d'un escenari de traducció real.
Chinea Ríos, M. (2019). Advanced techniques for domain adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/117611
TESIS
Books on the topic "Translation de domaine"
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1949-, Rioux Hélène, ed. Anne au Domaine des Peupliers. Charlottetown, P.E.I: Ragweed Press, 1989.
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Kaźmierczak, Marta. Przekład w kręgu intertekstualności: Na materiale tłumaczeń poezji Bolesława Leśmiana = [Perevod v krugu intertekstualʹnosti] = Translation in the domain of intertextuality. Warszawa: Instytut Lingwistyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2012.
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Montgomery, L. M. Anne au Domaine des peupliers: Roman. Charlottetown, Î.-P.-É: Ragweed Press, 1989.
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Montgomery, L. M. Anne au Domaine des peupliers: Roman. Montréal: Québec/Amérique, 1989.
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1939-, Memon Muhammad Umar, ed. Domains of fear and desire: Urdu stories. Toronto, Ontario: TSAR, 1992.
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Garzone, G. Domain-specific English and language mediation in professional and institutional settings. Milano: Arcipelago, 2003.
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Haroutyunian, Sona, and Dario Miccoli. Orienti migranti: tra letteratura e traduzione. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-499-8.
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The book series, edited by Nicoletta Pesaro and sponsored by the Department of Asian and North African Studies, aims to give voice to a time-honoured branch of theoretical and practical research across the disciplines and research domains within the Department. The series aims to establish a platform for scholarly discussion and a space for international dialogue on the translation of Asian and North African languages. In doing so, the project aims to observe and verify the translingual and transcultural dynamics triggered by translation from and into said ‘languages-cultures’, as well as to identify and explore the deep cultural mechanisms and structures involved in interethnic behaviours and relationships. Translation is also a major research tool in the humanities. As a matter of fact, a hermeneutic potential in terms of cultural mediation is inherent in translation activities and in the reflection on translation: it is precisely this potential that allows scholars, in both their research and dissemination work, to bring to the surface the interethnic and intercultural dynamics regulating the relationships between civilisations, both diachronically and synchronically. The project is a continuation and a development of the research carried out in recent years by the former Department of East Asian Studies – now Department of Asian and North African Studies – of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice through a series of initiatives organised by the research group on the translation of Asian languages “Laboratorio sulla Traduzione delle Lingue orientali” (Laboratori sulle lingue orientali). Such activities involved periodical meetings on translation, whose objective was to introduce and discuss specific issues in translation from and into Asian languages, as well as several international events (workshops, conferences, and symposia).
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A, Constas Mark, and Sternberg Robert J, eds. Translating theory and research into educational practice: Developments in content domains, large scale reform, and intellectual capacity. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
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Yŏn'guwŏn, Han'guk Chŏnja T'ongsin. Ŭngyong t'ŭkhwa Han-Chung-Yŏng chadong pŏnyŏk kisul kaebal e kwanhan yŏn'gu =: Domain customized machine translation technology development for Korean, Chinese, English. [Kyŏnggi-do Kwach'ŏn-si]: Chisik Kyŏngjebu, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Translation de domaine"
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Sun, Juan, Zhi Lu, Isabel Lacruz, Lijun Ma, Lin Fan, Xiuhua Huang, and Bo Zhou. "Chapter 4. An eye-tracking study of productivity and effort in Chinese-to-English translation and post-editing." In American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 57–82. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.xx.04sun.
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For several language pairs, an emerging consensus finds that post-editing of machine translations is faster and less cognitively effortful than from-scratch human translation, resulting in increased translator productivity and decreased translator fatigue. These benefits have yet to be robustly established in some language pairs that are linguistically and culturally remote with very different writing systems. We carry out a systematic Chinese-to-English study using keystroke logger timing measures and eye-tracking measures of cognitive effort, taking into account translator education levels, different source text domains, and quality of the translation product. We observe significant post-editing productivity gains for more highly educated participants and for more straightforward and less technical texts. Measures of cognitive effort show significantly reduced cognitive effort in post-editing.
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Speranza, Giulia, and Johanna Monti. "Chapter 3. Evaluating the Italian-English machine translation quality of MWUs in the domain of archaeology." In Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 40–56. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.366.03spe.
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Multiword units (MWUs) represent a challenging and problematic linguistic issue in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to their idiosyncratic nature. This paper investigates the quality of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) outputs when dealing with MWUs in the domain of archaeology. As a case study, a dataset of 100 MWUs is used as a Gold Standard to evaluate out-of-context and in-context translation outputs from three state-of-the-art NMT systems for the Italian-English language pair: Google Translate, DeepL, and Microsoft Bing Translator. MT outputs are manually evaluated with reference to the Gold Standard, namely out-of-context and in-context human English translations of the selected 100 MWUs. Results show that terminology is still a problematic category for MT quality and that MWUs translation may vary, and sometimes even improve, when further context is provided.
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Karatsiolis, Savvas, Christos N. Schizas, and Nicolai Petkov. "Modular Domain-to-Domain Translation Network." In Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2018, 425–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01424-7_42.
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Fumagalli, Stefano, and George Thomas. "Rapamycin, FRAP and the Control of 5’TOP mRNA Translation." In Interacting Protein Domains, 187–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60848-3_28.
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Katzir, Oren, Dani Lischinski, and Daniel Cohen-Or. "Cross-Domain Cascaded Deep Translation." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 673–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58536-5_40.
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Balbuena Torezano, M. del Carmen. "Wine environments." In Text and Wine, 22–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.38.02bal.
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The wine lexicon has multiple semantic domains that represent the confluence of different specialized languages, and that constitute an ontological classification of great usefulness for the translator. In this paper we will present a study of three mechanisms of word formation (composition, derivation and abbreviation) in German language for terms belonging to the domain [winegrowing].
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Livbjerg, Inge, and Inger M. Mees. "Patterns of dictionary use in non-domain-specific translation." In Benjamins Translation Library, 123–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.45.11liv.
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Noordman, Leo G. M., Wietske Vonk, and Wim H. G. Simons. "Knowledge representation in the domain of economics." In Text, Translation, Computational Processing, 235–60. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110826005.235.
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Biggerstaff, Ted J. "Control Localization in Domain Specific Translation." In Software Reuse: Methods, Techniques, and Tools, 153–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46020-9_11.
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Aragrande, Gaia. "Ad-hoc specialized corpora in translation teaching." In IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature, 184–205. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.43.11ara.
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This paper shows how building a specialised corpus of heritage tourism texts (Heritage Tourism Corpus — HT Corpus) represents the ideal trade-union between the need of developing lingua-cultural competence in a specialized language and training the ability of translating tourist texts from Italian to English especially when it comes to domain-specific terminology and cultural-specific items. The HT Corpus comprises texts from anglophone heritage tourism websites (approx. 1 mln words). It was built by professors at the University of Bologna as part of an MA course on English for Special Purposes and translation. This paper thus contains a progress report relaying preliminary findings from the classroom. Within this MA course, the use of the HT Corpus has a twofold aim: (1) letting students familiarise and investigate the ESP of tourism by perusing the HT Corpus mainly with frequency lists, collocations and keywords; (2) aiding them in the translation of Italian heritage tourism source texts (STs) into English target texts (TTs).
Conference papers on the topic "Translation de domaine"
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Kim, Sejoon, Mingi Sung, Jeonghwan Lee, Hyunkuk Lim, and Jorge Gimenez Perez. "Efficient Terminology Integration for LLM-based Translation in Specialized Domains." In Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Machine Translation, 636–42. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.wmt-1.51.
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Bhattacharjee, Soham, Baban Gain, and Asif Ekbal. "Domain Dynamics: Evaluating Large Language Models in English-Hindi Translation." In Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Machine Translation, 341–54. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.wmt-1.27.
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Hendy, Amr, Mohamed Abdelghaffar, Mohamed Afify, and Ahmed Y. Tawfik. "Domain Specific Sub-network for Multi-Domain Neural Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 12th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers), 351–56. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.aacl-short.43.
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Luo, Yuanchang, Zhanglin Wu, Daimeng Wei, Hengchao Shang, Zongyao Li, Jiaxin Guo, Zhiqiang Rao, et al. "Multilingual Transfer and Domain Adaptation for Low-Resource Languages of Spain." In Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Machine Translation, 949–54. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.wmt-1.93.
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ILIE, ALEXANDRA. "Traducerea automată a literaturii. O himeră încă vie?" In Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Humanities and Social Sciences: “Rethinking Values in Interdisciplinary Research”, 51–76. EDITURA UNIVERSITĂȚII „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” DIN IAŞI, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47743/phss-2024-0004.
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Artificial intelligence is about to reshape the world and redefine the relationship humans maintain with their professional activities. Recent machine translation systems, as well as the prior generation of statistical machine translation, rely on extensive aligned corpora and generate outputs whose quality can compete with human translations. This is particularly the case for technical and even medical texts. The role of the translator is to be questioned. Could algorithms potentially substitute this profession? Certain texts types, such as legal and literary ones, remain resistant to machine translation. The main obstacle for these systems is their lack of direct, tangible interaction with the outer reality from which these texts emerge, hence the systems’ inability to understand and interpret them. The ability of Transformer models is confined to analyzing intra-sentential context. In 2017, a new player entered the machine translation scene, DeepL, whose primary advantage lies in its integration of the Linguee database, an enormous parallel corpus of high-quality human translations. Generative natural language models include translation functionality. These models can be trained to identify or even replicate specific literary styles. Since literary works are replete with wordplay, extratextual references, and stylistic devices, we propose to investigate whether the task of decoding their message, particularly the author’s intent (understood as the addresser) via algorithms remains a chimera. Research efforts within the domain of natural language processing, such as the creation of parallel corpora, text “cleaning” and the morphological and syntactic annotation of texts (pre editing) have undeniably played a significant role in achieving a level of quality superior to that of rule-based or statistical systems. The results achieved in the field of automatic literary translation, however, do not meet the high demand upheld by human translation (biotranslation). How automatic translation systems are created and how do they function? What parallel corpora are? Are parallel corpora sufficient for generating high-quality automatic literary translations? What quality in translation is? Is there any evaluation metrics for human translations? And what about the metrics used to assess machine translations by humans? What is the current state of automatic translation for texts from classical Romanian literature? These are some of the questions we commit to answering in this paper.
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Noever, David, Josh Kalin, Matthew Ciolino, Dom Hambrick, and Gerry Dozier. "Local Translation Services for Neglected Languages." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAP 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110110.
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Taking advantage of computationally lightweight, but high-quality translators prompt consideration of new applications that address neglected languages. For projects with protected or personal data, translators for less popular or low-resource languages require specific compliance checks before posting to a public translation API. In these cases, locally run translators can render reasonable, cost-effective solutions if done with an army of offline, smallscale pair translators. Like handling a specialist’s dialect, this research illustrates translating two historically interesting, but obfuscated languages: 1) hacker-speak (“l33t”) and 2) reverse (or “mirror”) writing as practiced by Leonardo da Vinci. The work generalizes a deep learning architecture to translatable variants of hacker-speak with lite, medium, and hard vocabularies. The original contribution highlights a fluent translator of hacker-speak in under 50 megabytes and demonstrates a companion text generator for augmenting future datasets with greater than a million bilingual sentence pairs. A primary motivation stems from the need to understand and archive the evolution of the international computer community, one that continuously enhances their talent for speaking openly but in hidden contexts. This training of bilingual sentences supports deep learning models using a long short-term memory, recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN). It extends previous work demonstrating an English-to-foreign translation service built from as little as 10,000 bilingual sentence pairs. This work further solves the equivalent translation problem in twenty-six additional (non-obfuscated) languages and rank orders those models and their proficiency quantitatively with Italian as the most successful and Mandarin Chinese as the most challenging. For neglected languages, the method prototypes novel services for smaller niche translations such as Kabyle (Algerian dialect) which covers between 5-7 million speakers but one which for most enterprise translators, has not yet reached development. One anticipates the extension of this approach to other important dialects, such as translating technical (medical or legal) jargon and processing health records or handling many of the dialects collected from specialized domains (mixed languages like “Spanglish”, acronym-laden Twitter feeds, or urban slang).
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Lin, Jianxin, Yingce Xia, Yijun Wang, Tao Qin, and Zhibo Chen. "Image-to-Image Translation with Multi-Path Consistency Regularization." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/413.
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Image translation across different domains has attracted much attention in both machine learning and computer vision communities. Taking the translation from a source domain to a target domain as an example, existing algorithms mainly rely on two kinds of loss for training: One is the discrimination loss, which is used to differentiate images generated by the models and natural images; the other is the reconstruction loss, which measures the difference between an original image and the reconstructed version. In this work, we introduce a new kind of loss, multi-path consistency loss, which evaluates the differences between direct translation from source domain to target domain and indirect translation from source domain to an auxiliary domain to target domain, to regularize training. For multi-domain translation (at least, three) which focuses on building translation models between any two domains, at each training iteration, we randomly select three domains, set them respectively as the source, auxiliary and target domains, build the multi-path consistency loss and optimize the network. For two-domain translation, we need to introduce an additional auxiliary domain and construct the multi-path consistency loss. We conduct various experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods, including face-to-face translation, paint-to-photo translation, and de-raining/de-noising translation.
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Sokova, Daria, and Cristina Toledo-Báez. "Linguistic Complexity in Domain-Specific Neural Machine Translation." In New Trends in Translation and Technology Conference 2024, 191–200. INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/issn.2815-4711.2024_015.
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This study investigates the impact of linguistic complexity in domain-specific data on NMT performance. Using a data selection approach, we created a dataset and trained Transformer models both on domain-specific data and on a general dataset. Linguistic complexity analysis reveals that the domain-specific dataset exhibits notable linguistic complexity, with syntactic, lexical, and textual characteristics posing challenges for NMT. Training models on this complex data resulted in lower translation quality compared to models trained on general data, particularly evident when translating into a morphologically rich language like Russian. These findings may suggest that linguistic complexity in domain-specific data can present challenges for NMT performance, making training computationally intense and hindering the model’s ability to learn accurate representations. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering data characteristics in NMT training, especially in low-resource scenarios. Keywords: Domain-specific Neural Machine Translation · Data Complexity · Lexical Characteristics.
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BRATIANU, Constantin. "Knowledge translation." In Strategica, 97–107. Faculty of Management - SNSPA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25019/str/2023.007.
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This paper aims to present some conceptual models for the knowledge translation process in its extended semantic dimension. Knowledge translation is usually understood through its primary meaning of translating from one language into another language. However, knowledge translation is a concept with a larger semantic universe used in recent years in many research domains, especially in healthcare systems. The basic idea is to maximize the knowledge transfer between a sender and a receiver, understanding the receiver's knowledge deficit and absorptive capacity. The method used in this paper is a functional analysis of different types of knowledge transfer and of searching for their critical elements. Based on this functional analysis, the paper presents a series of knowledge translation models and some basic competencies for people who initiate knowledge translation. Findings show the complexity of the expert knowledge translation and the need to transform the direct linear process into a series of several processes linked in a cascade. For each sequence, there is a smaller knowledge deficit than the initial one, such that the absorptive capacity of the receiver can accept it.
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Vogel, Stephan. "Speech-translation: from domain-limited to domain-unlimited translation tasks." In 2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition & Understanding (ASRU). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430141.
Full textReports on the topic "Translation de domaine"
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Micher, Jeffrey C. Improving Domain-specific Machine Translation by Constraining the Language Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568649.
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Lavoie, Benoit, Michael White, and Tanya Korelsky. Learning Domain-Specific Transfer Rules: An Experiment with Korean to English Translation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457732.
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Shaver, Amber, Hayam Megally, Sean Boynes, Tooka Zokaie, Nithya Puttige Ramesh, Don Clermont, and Annaliese Cothron. Illustrating the Role of Dental Journals in the Translational Science Process. American Institute of Dental Public Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58677/pqbg1492.
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The “17-year odyssey” outlines the research-to-practice pipeline that begins with setting priorities for funding research, publishing and peer review, research synthesis, developing guidelines for evidence-based practice, then finally as applied practice. Few studies have focused on the implementation gap within oral health domain. In this report, AIDPH outlines barriers within the dental peer-reviewed publication process that slow the translation of research to clinical implementation while offering strategic recommendations to expedite this pipeline. Using a multi-method research approach, this publication illustrates the role of peer-reviewed publications in the oral health translation process. Strategic recommendations include: 1. Evaluate opportunities to reduce funding barriers. 2. Broaden access to peer-reviewed information 3. Increase funding for and publication of replication studies 4. Explore innovative technologies in clinical settings
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Kriegel, Francesco. Learning General Concept Inclusions in Probabilistic Description Logics. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.220.
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Probabilistic interpretations consist of a set of interpretations with a shared domain and a measure assigning a probability to each interpretation. Such structures can be obtained as results of repeated experiments, e.g., in biology, psychology, medicine, etc. A translation between probabilistic and crisp description logics is introduced and then utilised to reduce the construction of a base of general concept inclusions of a probabilistic interpretation to the crisp case for which a method for the axiomatisation of a base of GCIs is well-known.
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Rogers, Aaron. Translational Fidelity of a Eukaryotic Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetase with an N-terminal Domain Appendage. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2005.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, and Suzanne M. Thiem. Isolation of Baculoviruses with Expanded Spectrum of Action against Lepidopteran Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586457.bard.
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Our long-term goal is to learn to control (expand and restrict) the host range of baculoviruses. In this project our aim was to expand the host range of the prototype baculovirus Autographa cali/arnica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) towards American and Israeli pests. To achieve this objective we studied AcMNPV infection in the non-permissive hosts L. dispar and s. littoralis (Ld652Y and SL2 cells, respectively) as a model system and the major barriers to viral replication. We isolated recombinant baculoviruses with expanded infectivity towards L. dispar and S. littoralis and tested their infectivity towards other Lepidopteran pests. The restricted host range displayed by baculoviruses constitutes an obstacle to their further implementation in the control of diverse Lepidopteran pests, increasing the development costs. Our work points out that cellular defenses are major role blocks to AcMNPV replication in non- and semi-permissive hosts. Therefore a major determinant ofbaculovirus host range is the ability of the virus to effectively counter cellular defenses of host cells. This is exemplified by our findings showing tliat expressing the viral gene Ldhrf-l overcomes global translation arrest in AcMNPV -infected Ld652Y cells. Our data suggests that Ld652Y cells have two anti-viral defense pathways, because they are subject to global translation arrest when infected with AcMNPV carrying a baculovirus apoptotic suppressor (e.g., wild type AcMNPV carryingp35, or recombinant AcMNPV carrying Opiap, Cpiap. or p49 genes) but apoptose when infected with AcMNPV-Iacking a functional apoptotic suppressor. We have yet to elucidate how hrf-l precludes the translation arrest mechanism(s) in AcMNPV-infected Ld652Y cells. Ribosomal profiles of AcMNPV infected Ld652Y cells suggested that translation initiation is a major control point, but we were unable to rule-out a contribution from a block in translation elongation. Phosphorylation of eIF-2a did not appear to playa role in AcMNPV -induced translation arrest. Mutagenesis studies ofhrf-l suggest that a highly acidic domain plays a role in precluding translation arrest. Our findings indicate that translation arrest may be linked to apoptosis either through common sensors of virus infection or as a consequence of late events in the virus life-cycle that occur only if apoptosis is suppressed. ~ AcMNPV replicates poorly in SL2 cells and induces apoptosis. Our studies in AcMNPV - infected SL2ceils led us to conclude that the steady-state levels of lEI (product of the iel gene, major AcMNPV -transactivator and multifunctional protein) relative to those of the immediate early viral protein lEO, playa critical role in regulating the viral infection. By increasing the IEl\IEO ratio we achieved AcMNPV replication in S. littoralis and we were able to isolate recombinant AcMNPV s that replicated efficiently in S. lifforalis cells and larvae. Our data that indicated that AcMNPV - infection may be regulated by an interaction between IE 1 and lED (of previously unknown function). Indeed, we showed that IE 1 associates with lED by using protein "pull down" and immunoprecipitation approaches High steady state levels of "functional" IE 1 resulted in increased expression of the apoptosis suppressor p35 facilitating AcMNPV -replication in SL2 cells. Finally, we determined that lED accelerates the viral infection in AcMNPV -permissive cells. Our results show that expressing viral genes that are able to overcome the insect-pest defense system enable to expand baculovirus host range. Scientifically, this project highlights the need to further study the anti-viral defenses of invertebrates not only to maximi~e the possibilities for manipulating baculovirus genomes, but to better understand the evolutionary underpinnings of the immune systems of vertebrates towards virus infection.
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Paule, Bernard, Flourentzos Flourentzou, Tristan de KERCHOVE d’EXAERDE, Julien BOUTILLIER, and Nicolo Ferrari. PRELUDE Roadmap for Building Renovation: set of rules for renovation actions to optimize building energy performance. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541614638.
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In the context of climate change and the environmental and energy constraints we face, it is essential to develop methods to encourage the implementation of efficient solutions for building renovation. One of the objectives of the European PRELUDE project [1] is to develop a "Building Renovation Roadmap"(BRR) aimed at facilitating decision-making to foster the most efficient refurbishment actions, the implementation of innovative solutions and the promotion of renewable energy sources in the renovation process of existing buildings. In this context, Estia is working on the development of inference rules that will make it possible. On the basis of a diagnosis such as the Energy Performance Certificate, it will help establishing a list of priority actions. The dynamics that drive this project permit to decrease the subjectivity of a human decisions making scheme. While simulation generates digital technical data, interpretation requires the translation of this data into natural language. The purpose is to automate the translation of the results to provide advice and facilitate decision-making. In medicine, the diagnostic phase is a process by which a disease is identified by its symptoms. Similarly, the idea of the process is to target the faulty elements potentially responsible for poor performance and to propose remedial solutions. The system is based on the development of fuzzy logic rules [2],[3]. This choice was made to be able to manipulate notions of membership with truth levels between 0 and 1, and to deliver messages in a linguistic form, understandable by non-specialist users. For example, if performance is low and parameter x is unfavourable, the algorithm can gives an incentive to improve the parameter such as: "you COULD, SHOULD or MUST change parameter x". Regarding energy performance analysis, the following domains are addressed: heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting. Regarding the parameters, the analysis covers the following topics: Characteristics of the building envelope. and of the technical installations (heat production-distribution, ventilation system, electric lighting, etc.). This paper describes the methodology used, lists the fields studied and outlines the expected outcomes of the project.
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Christopher, David A., and Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.
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Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.
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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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McClure, Michael A., Yitzhak Spiegel, David M. Bird, R. Salomon, and R. H. C. Curtis. Functional Analysis of Root-Knot Nematode Surface Coat Proteins to Develop Rational Targets for Plantibodies. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575284.bard.
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The goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of the interface between root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and their host in order to develop rational targets for plantibodies and other novel methods of nematode control directed against the nematode surface coat (SC). Specific objectives were: 1. To produce additional monoclonal SC antibodies for use in Objectives 2, 3, and 4 and as candidates for development of plantibodies. 2. To determine the production and distribution of SC proteins during the infection process. 3. To use biochemical and immunological methods to perturbate the root-knot nematode SC in order to identify SC components that will serve as targets for rationally designed plantibodies. 4. To develop SC-mutant nematodes as additional tools for defining the role of the SC during infection. The external cuticular layer of nematodes is the epicuticle. In many nematodes, it is covered by a fuzzy material termed "surface coat" (SC). Since the SC is the outermost layer, it may playa role in the interaction between the nematode and its surroundings during all life stages in soil and during pathogenesis. The SC is composed mainly of proteins, carbohydrates (which can be part of glycoproteins), and lipids. SC proteins and glycoproteins have been labeled and extracted from preparasitic second-stage juveniles and adult females of Meloidogyne and specific antibodies have been raised against surface antigens. Antibodies can be used to gain more information about surface function and to isolate genes encoding for surface antigens. Characterization of surface antigens and their roles in different life-stages may be an important step towards the development of alternative control. Nevertheless, the role of the plant- parasitic nematode's surface in plant-nematode interaction is still not understood. Carbohydrates or carbohydrate-recognition domains (CROs) on the nematode surface may interact with CROs or carbohydrate molecules, on root surfaces or exudates, or be active after the nematode has penetrated into the root. Surface antigens undoubtedly play an important role in interactions with microorganisms that adhere to the nematodes. Polyclonal (PC) and monoclonal (MC) antibodies raised against Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes, were used to characterize the surface coat and secreted-excreted products of M. javanica and M. incognita. Some of the MC and PC antibodies raised against M. incognita showed cross-reactivity with the surface coat of M. javanica. Further characterization, in planta, of the epitopes recognized by the antibodies, showed that they were present in the parasitic juvenile stages and that the surface coat is shed during root penetration by the nematode and its migration between root cells. At the molecular level, we have followed two lines of experimentation. The first has been to identify genes encoding surface coat (SC) molecules, and we have isolated and characterized a small family of mucin genes from M. incognita. Our second approach has been to study host genes that respond to the nematode, and in particular, to the SC. Our previous work has identified a large suite of genes expressed in Lycopersicon esculentum giant cells, including the partial cDNA clone DB#131, which encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. Isolation and predicted translation of the mature cDNA revealed a frame shift mutation in the translated region of nematode sensitive plants. By using primers homologous to conserved region of DB#131 we have identified the orthologues from three (nematode-resistant) Lycopersicon peruvianum strains and found that these plants lacked the mutation.