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Journal articles on the topic 'Translating'
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1
El-Zeiny, Iman. "Criteria for the translation and assessment of Qur’anic metaphor." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 3 (November 10, 2011): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.3.01zei.
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This paper discusses different approaches to the translation of Qur’anic metaphor, as one of the semantic problematic areas in translating the Qur’an, with a view to recommending principled criteria for translating Qur’anic metaphor. An attempt has been made to analyze, compare and assess six different approaches to the translation of Qur’anic metaphor and a blueprint is provided. The six selected translations are those by Sale (first published in1734), Ali (first published in 1937), Arberry (first published in 1955), Dawood (first published in 1956), Khatib (first published in 1986) and Khān–Hilālī (1996 edition). These translatons represent different orientations in translating the Muslim’s holy Book. Moreover, their translations are regularly reprinted.
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Ruhmadi, Abdul, and Mohamad Zaka Al Farisi. "Analisis Kesalahan Morfologi Penerjemahan Arab–Indonesia pada ChatGPT." Aphorisme: Journal of Arabic Language, Literature, and Education 4, no. 1 (July 17, 2023): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/aphorisme.v4i1.3148.
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The research focuses on analyzing translation errors in Arabic-Indonesian translations generated by Chat GPT in the field of morphology. The study's objectives are to: 1) Determine whether there are translation errors at the morphological level using the Chat GPT translation system and 2) Identify the areas where translation errors occur in morphology. The research utilizes purposive sampling as the data collection method. Qualitative data is analyzed through a literature review using content analysis techniques. The study's findings reveal the presence of translation errors in Arabic-Indonesian translations generated by Chat GPT at the morphological level. The errors identified include: 1) translating passive verbs into active verbs, 2) translating with the addition of morphemes in the target language, 3) translating verbs into nouns, 4) translating nouns into passive verbs, 5) selecting target language vocabulary that deviates from the source language, and 6) translating words that do not require translation.
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Bal, Mieke. "Translating Translation." Journal of Visual Culture 6, no. 1 (April 2007): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412907075072.
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Santos, Rosa Milagros, Sungyoon Lee, Rebeca Validivia, and Chun Zhang. "Translating Translations." TEACHING Exceptional Children 34, no. 2 (November 2001): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004005990103400204.
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Austin, Christopher P. "Translating translation." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 17, no. 7 (April 20, 2018): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2018.27.
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Beloshitskaia, Elena. "Correlation between the Time of Translation and Translation Strategies for Modern and Historical Realia." Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, no. 52 (December 30, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-52-4-9-19.
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This article examines how the time of translation can influence the translation strategy the translator chooses when translating modern and historical realia. The material for the research was six Russian translations of Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The author chose three realia (moccasins, Pain-killer, clerk), which fit the definition of modern and historical realia provided at the beginning of the article. With the help of the dictionaries published at the same time as the various translations, the author analyzed the strategies the translators used when translating those realia. The research results are of practical importance for translators tackling the problem of translating modern and historical realia.
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Garforth, Julian A. "Translating Beckett’s Translations." Journal of Beckett Studies 6, no. 1 (January 1996): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jobs.1996.6.1.4.
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Valentine, C. Michael, James E. Tcheng, and Thad Waites. "Translating the Translation." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 21 (November 2018): 2668–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.015.
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Flaij Alharbi, Badr, and Sarah BinMasad. "A Critical Analysis of Saudi Legal Terms and their English Translations." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 7, no. 2 (May 24, 2023): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol7no2.9.
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The differences between the Arabic and English linguistic systems and legal cultures have long been a fundamental challenge in legal translation. Examining how the dissimilarities between the Saudi and English legal cultures affect the Arabic-English legal translation has received little attention from researchers. Therefore, this critical analysis aims to examine the Arabic-English translation of 12 Saudi legal articles to identify the linguistic and cultural factors involved in the translation process. Since research that addresses the difficulties and challenges of translating the legal discourse is of undeniable significance and studies that examined the Saudi legal discourse and its translation are scarce; therefore, this study attempts to contribute to the literature by analyzing several Saudi Legal Articles and their English translations to define the challenges of translating legal terms from Arabic into English. The study adopted Šarčević’s (2000) functional equivalence framework to study the Saudi Legal Articles and their official English translations. This framework was selected because it is well suited to examine the equivalent level of the legal terms and their translations, which is the main objective of this study. This study attempts to analyze different legal terms that characterize the selected Saudi legal articles and their official English translations. The investigated legal terms include religious, culture-specific, archaic, and doublets. This study revealed that translating Arabic religious and culture-specific terms and doublets is challenging, whereas translating Arabic archaic words is much easier.
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Hartama-Heinonen, Ritva. "Kääntämisen ja käännöstieteen myyttinen ulottuvuus." Mikael: Kääntämisen ja tulkkauksen tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 8 (December 1, 2014): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.61200/mikael.129487.
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In this article, translation is approached as a reflection of translational, translatorial, and translation-theoretical myths in their different manifestations with varying truth value. Drawing on insights from the philosophy of science and semiotics, the mythical aspect of translating and translations is first discussed with respect to the role of myths in science and research and to the nature of translation-theoretical knowledge. The author then focuses on the following questions: is translating a case of action that conveys the general or the particular; is “myth” a type of speech even in Translation Studies and a building block in the cosmology of translation; what is the status of dichotomies in translating and translation strategies, in translation studies, and in the work of translation theorists; and finally, what makes a translation-theoretical myth a living myth.
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Purnama Aji, Hani Wani, Hero Gunawan, and Ervina CM Simatupang. "ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION USED IN TRANSLATING USAGE INSTRUCTION OF BEAUTY PRODUCTS." English Journal Literacy Utama 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33197/ejlutama.vol4.iss1.2020.389.
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This study focus on analysis of translation used in translating usage instruction of beauty products. The purpose of this research are (1) to identify translation method which are used in translating usage instruction of beauty products. (2) to identify translation technique which are used in translating usage instruction of beauty products. (3) and to identify the shift in meaning that occurs in translating usage instructions of beauty products. Data sources used are several beauty products that use English and Indonesian translations. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. The theoretical basis of this research is Newmarks (1988) translation method theory, Molina & Albirs (2002) translation technique theory, and Nida (1975) shift in the translation process theory. The results of this study show that there are: (1) 3 translation methods used are 40% of data using the free translation method, 40% of the semantic method, 20% of the adaptation method. (2) 4 translation techniques used are 40% using adaptation techniques, 20% transposition, 20% linguistic amplification, and 20% amplification. (3) there was a shift in translation in the translating usage instruction of beauty products, namely 40% Changing information (skewing of information), 40% Information gain, and 20% Loss of information.
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Razi, Ivan Muhammad, and Ayu Bandu Retnomurti. "Bridging Language Barriers." Pulchra Lingua: A Journal of Language Study, Literature & Linguistics 1, no. 2 (March 6, 2023): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58989/plj.v1i2.8.
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The aim of this article is to explain the process of translating Eminem's song titles and the various translation methods used to produce translations that are accurate and acceptable. The research methodology employed in this work is descriptive qualitative research, using a comparative approach. The article outlines the challenges involved in translating English songs into Indonesian while maintaining the melody and using limited words. The researcher used Newmark's translation theory as a framework for the translation process. The study utilized six types of translations, including word-for-word, faithful, free, semantic, idiomatic, communicative, adaptation, and literal. The most frequently used method was the word-for-word translation (53.9%), followed by faithful translation (30.7%). There were no instances of idiomatic, communicative, adaptation, or literal translations.
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Ahmed, Saif Saadoon. "Translation Challenges in Rendering English Selected Short Stories into Arabic." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 8, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/lang.8.3.20.
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Translating short stories presents unique challenges and complexities that demand careful examination and analysis. This study explores the intricacies of translating this literary form by examining the strategies employed by translators to overcome obstacles. This study focuses on the short story "Cat in the Rain" by Ernest Hemingway and three Arabic translations, analyzing the approaches employed by translators. By investigating techniques such as domestication, adaptation, and literal translation, this study identifies the strengths and limitations of each approach and provides insights into how translators tackle the unique challenges of short story translation. The study found that the different Arabic translations used different translation strategies. These strategies include word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation translation, free translation, and idiomatic translation.
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Volker, Craig L. "Translating the Bahá’í Writings." Journal of Baha’i Studies 2, no. 3 (1990): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-2.3.5(1990).
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Although the difficulties of translating the holy Word are recognized, Bahá’í institutions have always stressed the importance of translation. No approach to biblical or quranic translation corresponds completely to the Bahá’í ideal, just as no former religious leader combined Shoghi Effendi’s unique dual role as Guardian and translator. Bahá’í institutions have defined the most salient theoretical issues relating to Bahá’í translation. In translating the Bahá’í writings, faithfulness to the original text is paramount. This is defined as reflecting the beauty of the original and accurately conveying the concepts of the original. Consultation is an integral part of the translation process, and translations of scripture are seen as a tool for education. Bahá’í translators today face a number of practical problems caused by a lack of resources, cultural differences, and linguistic underdevelopment.
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Guangjun, Wu, and Zhang Huanyao. "Translating political ideology." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 61, no. 3 (December 7, 2015): 394–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.61.3.05gua.
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Ideology is a major issue in Translation Studies. With a case study of the Chinese translations of English news headlines concerning the South China Sea disputes on the website of www.ftchinese.com, this paper attempts to provide insights into the translation of ideologies in news in the Chinese context. In the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis, the ideological factors underlying the disparity between the English news headlines and their Chinese translations are explored. The three-dimensional model of analysis put forward by Fairclough is modified and adopted in this paper as the basic steps of analysis: firstly, describe the differences between the original and their translations; secondly, associate them with the social reality; finally, account for those differences. In addition, to demonstrate how translators maneuvered to reach a compromise with the antagonistic ideologies which may set difficulties either for the news to win the acceptance of Chinese online readers or pass the Chinese government censorship, this paper offers an analysis of the translation strategies adopted in those Chinese translations, such as substitution, omission as well as the more subtle strategies, including changes of modality and actor. It is found that in the Chinese translations of the English news headlines, translators’ priority is on producing translations suitable to target readers and censors' ideology, rather than linguistic equivalents. Therefore, translating ideology-loaded texts adds a new way to understand translation and ideological explorations in Translation Studies have great potentials.
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Makhliyo, Erkinovna Khabibullaeva. "Experience Of Translating Historical Novels In Translation Studies." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 06 (June 20, 2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue06-14.
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This article deals with the experience of translating historical novels in translation studies. It provides a comparative analysis of the specific methods of the Uzbek national school of translation studies and the world schools of translation. Moreover, the genesis of translation of Uzbek historical novels, methods of translation, especially the problem of technique in the translation into English, and certain peculiarities of translating historical works are studied here on a scientific basis. As a result, a number of scientific and practical recommendations are given to improve the mechanisms of forming professional competence in the practice of translating historical novels, with the experimental trends of world translation schools taken into account.
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Marudani, Farah Handini, and Hasanuddin. "An Analysis of The Acceptance and Accuracy of Google Translate’ s Translation of The Song 'Run' By Onerepublic into Bahasa Indonesia." Loquēla (Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Education) 1, no. 2 (September 25, 2023): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.61276/loqula.v1i2.22.
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This research discusses the acceptability of Google Translate's translations in the song 'Run' by OneRepublic. The aim of this study is to determine the acceptability of Google Translate's translations in translating the song 'Run' by OneRepublic, using adaptation translation techniques and communication in analyzing the structural aspects of the translation results. This research is qualitative in nature and employs a case study model with a documentation method. The findings of this research indicate that in translating songs, especially 'Run' by OneRepublic, the structural aspects of the translation align with the Source Language (BSu). However, the translations produced using Google Translate's features still lack acceptability, as they appear rigid and challenging to comprehend
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Abohelfaya, Seham, Samah Alberbar, and Khawla Kawan. "Investigating EFL Libyan students problems in translating English Auxiliary verbs in declarative Sentences, Case study: English Department Alasmarya University." Sirte University Journal Of Humanities 13, no. 2 (December 2, 2023): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37375/sujh.v13i2.2413.
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This study is an attempt to shed light on the issue of translating English auxiliary verbs in declarative sentences into Arabic. It aims to identify the students’ problems in translating English auxiliary verbs into Arabic. In addition, it aims to examine the extent to which the translation courses taught at the faculty affect students' translations. To achieve these aims, the researchers use a test of translation for data collection. The test includes 20 statements including auxiliary verbs. The sample is 40 English Foreign language (EFL) students at the Faculty of Arts, al-Asmariya Islamic University, Zliten. The results of this research show that the students committed different types of errors in translating English auxiliaries into Arabic such as wrong equivalents in translation and omitting the equivalence. Furthermore, the results of the study reveal that the percentage of the correct and acceptable translations of the group who have not studied any translation courses and the percentage of the other group who have studied one or more translation courses are approximately the same. In words, the translation courses do not affect the student’s proficiency in translation.
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Shanti Nilayani, Wayan. "Translation Procedures Applied in Translating Immigration Terminologies." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 27, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2020.v27.i02.p07.
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Translating technical terminologies that belong to special field is challenging, especially to those who are not mastering the field. In translating the immigration terminologies found in the regulations concerning immigration, the translators applied various translation procedures in order to maintain the meaning. The aim of this research is to identify the translation procedures applied in translating the immigration terminologies found in the data source. The data were collected from Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 104 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 69 Tahun 2015 tentang Bebas Visa Kunjungan, along with their translations. Qualitative research approach is applied in this writing. The theory used to analyze the data is the theory of translation proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet. The result of the research showed that in translating the immigration terminologies found in the data source, the translator applied 5 (five) out of 7 (seven) translation procedures. These 5 (five) procedures are borrowing, calque, literal, transposition, and modulation. The other 2 (two) translation procedures that were not applied are equivalence and adaptation.
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Lukachevskaja, Lilianna А., and Irina V. Sobakina. "Translation of the culture-specific vocabulary in the Yakut heroic epic olonkho into Russian and English (based on the material of olonkho “Nurgun Bootur the Swift” by P.A. Oyunsky)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-21.018.
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The culture-specific vocabulary in the texts of epic works, which expresses the peculiarity of the culture of the people, creates certain difficulties in translation. In the proposed study, the analysis of the transmission of culture-specific vocabulary Olonkho “Nurgun Bootur the Swift” by P.A. Sleptsova in Russian and English. 825 examples were collected and grouped based on the classification of S. Vlakhov and S. Florin, the following groups were identified: proper names, realities, phraseological units, addresses, interjections, onomatopoeia. The analysis of the translation revealed that the most commonly used methods are transcription when translating proper names, realities and interjections; descriptive translation when translating proper names and realities as a commentary to the text, as well as, in some cases, when translating realities, phraseological units and addresses is used in the text itself; approximate translation when translating addresses, phraseological units and onomatopoeia. In the translations under consideration, the national flavor and specificity of the original language are preserved, and the translation methods are used in approximately the same amount for each group of of culture-specific vocabulary.
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Chang, Jiang, and Luo Ying. "A Contrastive Study of the Translator’s Behaviour in English and Spanish Translations of Metaphors in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China." Sinología hispánica. China Studies Review 17, no. 2 (March 6, 2024): 113–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v17i2.8235.
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This study examines the English and Spanish translations of metaphors in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China (I-III) within the theoretical framework of Translator Behavior Criticism. In the description of the translators’ behavioral tendencies and diachronic changes, differences are identified between the English and Spanish translating teams with regards to their philosophy of translation, which leads to an analysis of the social motivations of the translators’ behaviors within the field of political discourse translation in China. The following findings have been derived: 1) The Spanish translation is faithful to the form of expression of the ST, which suggests a translators’ behavioral tendency towards the “truth-seeking” principle. The English translation is freer since it upholds a semantic rather than formal equivalence to the ST, suggesting that the English translating team is more oriented towards the “utility-attaining” principle than their Spanish counterparts. 2) Observed from a diachronic perspective, the English translating team always maintained a balance between the two above-mentioned principles in translating the metaphors and their “truth-seeking” and “utility-attaining” behaviors were both enhanced in their translation of the third volume. The Spanish translating team always tilted towards the “truth-seeking” principle, demonstrating just a slight increase of “utility-attaining” behavior throughout their translation of the three volumes. 3) There is an evident difference between the English and Spanish translating teams regarding their “philosophy of faithfulness”. A “semantic” faithfulness with pragmatic concerns advocated by the former team is becoming the mainstream norm governing the current field of political discourse translation in China.
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Sitorus, Rahel Lamria, and Morada Tetty. "Translation Methods Used in Translating Harry’s House Album Songs Lyrics." TRANSFORM : Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning 12, no. 3 (October 26, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tj.v12i3.52342.
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This study aimed at determining the methods used in translating song lyrics on Harry's house album on Indolirik YouTube channel. The theory used in analyzing the data is Newmark theory (1988) which explained that there were two approaches in translating text namely SL Emphasis (Domestication) in which the emphasis was on the source language and the other one was TL Emphasis (Foreignization) in which the emphasis was on the target language. Newmark (1988) also explained there were eight methods of translations, namely, word for word, literal, faithful, semantic, adaptation, free, idiomatic, and communicative translation. The researcher conducted a descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data. The data were taken from the translation of song lyrics on Harry's house album on Indolirik YouTube channel, which consisted of 5 songs and 111 song lyrics. The findings of this research showed that there were 6 types of translation methods used by Indolirik YouTube channel in translating the lyrics. From the analyzed data, Indolirik YouTube channelused Literal translation (43,25%), Word-for-Word translation (5,41%), Free translation (10,81%), Idiomatic Translation (17,11%), and Communicative translation (23,42%). It was also found that the translator mostly used the literal translation process, it means that the translation products focused on the source language in translating the song lyrics rather than the target one.
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Fitriah, Nauval, and Moch Syarif Hidayatullah. "The Use of Semantic Translation Method in Ḍau’u al-Misbāh fī Bayāni Ahkāmi al-Nikāh." ALSUNIYAT: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya Arab 3, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/alsuniyat.v3i2.26440.
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This study was aimed at investigating the use of semantic translation method in the translation of the Ḍau’u al-Misbāh fī Bayāni Ahkāmi al-Nikāh by K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari. A descriptive qualitative method was used in this study. After translating the data objects, the analysis process was carried out by describing the use of semantic translation method applied to translate the text. The results of this study revealed that semantic translation method used in translating Ḍau’u al-Misbāh fī Bayāni Ahkāmi al-Nikāh was an effective method to use in translating such classical texts, in which it eases the translator to produce translations that are acceptable in the target language (TL), easy to understand, and as closely as possible with the meaning of the sourch language (SL), and help the translator to preserve the writer's ideas.
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Azatova, Nodira Anvarbek Kizi. "TRANSLATION STRATEGY USED IN TRANSLATING CULTURALLY SPECIFIC WORDS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 06 (June 30, 2021): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-06-21.
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This article discusses translation strategies that should be used in the process of translating culturally specific words. This is sufficiently explained in the article. The facts cited are explained in their place. Each idea is enriched by the scientific and theoretical facts of linguists who have conducted scientific research in this field.
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Lee, Tong King. "Translating anglophobia." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 228–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.2.04lee.
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This article examines problems arising from biliterate performances in English and Chinese in the context of the sociolinguistics of Singapore. The questions asked include: What are the ramifications of translating Chinese literature carrying anglophobic themes into English? How might translation displace anglophobic readings from Chinese literary works? What kind of identity discourse do self-translation practices engender? The article examines three cases of cross-linguistic practice as biliterate modalities in Singapore, with an eye on the identity discourse emanating from the translational space between English and Chinese in each case. In the first case, it is argued that the English translation of a Chinese poem with an anglophobic stance triggers an ironic self-reflexivity on the part of the target text reader and has the potential to exacerbate the cultural anxiety faced by the Chinese-speaking Self in the source text. The second case presents an example where the anglophobic interpretation of a Chinese play can potentially be ‘unread’ through the homogenization of code-switching through translation. In the final case of a self-translating playwright, it is found that English-Chinese and Chinese-English translations establish an asymmetric symbiosis whereby translation creates an interliminal space in which a hybrid identity discourse is negotiated. The three cases illustrate the tensions and paradoxes residing in the translational space between English and Chinese in Singapore, pointing to the problematic of interand cross-cultural communication in the multilingual state.
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Sebo, Erin. "Translating Symphosii Scholastici Aenigmata: The problems of translating an enigmatic genre." Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association 14 (2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2018.1.3.
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The tendency to dismiss Symphosius as frivolous has been expressed in the translations of his work. This, of course, has the effect of reinforcing the attitude since many readers read Symphosius first in translations; even if they then read the text in the original, it is hard to shake first impressions. This attitude is a reflection of our cultural associations with riddles, which are very different from those of late antiquity. Moreover, there are a range of problems associated with translating Symphosius' 'Aenigmata', including the difficulty of establishing a source text from the range of variations found in the manuscript tradition, and the cultural and historical barriers to making the text intelligible to a modern audience. However, these difficulties arise in translating all ancient texts. The greatest difficulty in translating 'Aenigmata' is the nature of the genre itself. Riddles are designed to be enigmatic. How can a translator produce a translation which gives the reader the clues required to solve the riddles without destroying ambiguity, the central feature of the genre? This is exacerbated by the requirements of producing scholarly translations; that the translated text is culturally accurate and precisely reflects specific cultural metaphors, images, symbols, paradoxes, and associations. This study examines previous translations and considers how and to what extent it is possible to satisfy such fundamentally contradictory requirements.
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Cenere, Samantha. "Making translations, translating Making." City 25, no. 3-4 (July 2, 2021): 355–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2021.1935782.
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ايناس صادق حمودي, ا. م. "Estudio lingüístico de la traducción de los versículos del Sagrado Corán al español: (Análisis crítico y comparativo)." لارك 2, no. 45 (March 31, 2022): 1150–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss45.2304.
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.In this research, a critical and comparative study of the translation of the meanings of the Holy Koran Julio Cortés and Abd el-Ghani Melara is carried out. The study is divided into two chapters: in the first, we address the issue of the difficulty of translation, the role of Orientalists in translating the meanings of the Holy Koran.And also discuss the most important translations for several centuries and the mistakes made by the translators, when translating the meanings of the Koran. In the second chapter, we address the methodologies of the two translators mentioned above, presenting examples of their translations, and comparing them later.
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Yulianita, Nadia Gitya, and Dyah Raina Purwaningsih. "GAINING ACCEPTIBILITY USING DESIGN THINKING IN FUNDAMENTAL TRANSLATION CLASS." Journal of English Teaching, Applied Linguistics and Literatures (JETALL) 5, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jetall.v5i2.12641.
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This paper points on the use of design thinking in fundamental translation class. Design thinking is an approach to produce the best solution of a problem. This approach includes five steps, namely empathize, define (the problem), ideate, prototype, and test. The researchers focus on the translation’s acceptability of idioms since this topic is usually problematic to students. Therefore, a case study was conducted in this research. The participants of this research were 20 students of fundamental translation class in English Literature Study Program, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. The students translated some idioms using design thinking and their translations were randomly selected. Observation was conducted to examine the students’ behaviours in translating idioms. After that, the researchers rated their translations’ acceptability. The results indicate that design thinking’s application in translating idioms produce acceptable translations. Furthermore, this study can be beneficial for translators and translation teachers to gain acceptability in translation.
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Ahmad, Aliyu Okuta. "Translating Polysems In The Noble Qur’an: A Comparative Morpho-Semantic Analysis Of 21st Century Translation." Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture 2, no. 02 (June 15, 2023): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2023.v02i02.002.
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Translating the Noble Qur’an into other languages requires a lot of effort by translators, and one major semantic phenomenon that requires even greater effort to translate is polysemy, due to the multiple meanings involved. Different translators render Qur’anic polysemy differently in an attempt to capture the specific meaning of the polysemous term. A few researches on translating Qur’anic polysemy have been conducted on selected polysemous words about some well-known translations like those of Yusuf Ali, Muhsin Khan & Hilali, J. Arberry, and Emily Assami, Marry Kennedy & Amatullah Bantley etc. This study focuses on the translation of a Qur’anic polysemy of the word “rijs” in four translations of the 21st century. The aim is to examine the selected translations and compare them to determine how each of them succeeds in capturing the specific meaning of the source text, or to what extent each translation attempts to avoid meaning loss in translating the investigated. The comparison is based on the interpretations of three famous commentators; Al-Qurtubi (2006), Ibn Kathir (1997) and At-Tabari (2001). The study applies the Qualitative Comparative Analysis approach in analyzing the four translations. The findings of the study reveal that translating Qur’anic polysemy is a difficult task and that all the selected translators are aware of that fact. It also reveals that in some instances, the translations succeed in conforming to the target meaning of either of the selected interpretations and that in most cases where specific meaning is not determined, the translations resort to the primary meaning of the lexeme under study.
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Utami, Silvia, Karnedi Karnedi, and Vivian Vivian. "Idiom-Translating Strategies in "Perahu Kertas” Novel by Dee Lestrari Translated by Tiffany Tsao." JOLADU: Journal of Language Education 2, no. 1 (August 3, 2023): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.58738/joladu.v2i1.335.
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The rapid development of novel translations causes shifts in the word structure such as idioms where the meaning cannot be translated literally; thus, some strategies are needed in translating these idioms from the source language to the target language. This study aimed at identifying and analyzing the strategies used in idiom translating and the most dominant strategy used in “Perahu Kertas” novel by Dee Lestari to the English translated version translated by Tiffany Tsao. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative where the collected data later be analyzed according to Baker’s idiom translation. The results showed that 9 translations using similar meaning and form strategy, 8 translations using similar meaning and dissimilar form, 23 translations by paraphrasing, and 8 translations by omission. The paraphrasing was the most used strategy in this translation with a percentage of 48%.
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Mishra, Shailendra Kumar. "Translation Strategies and challenges for translating Maithili Idioms and Proverbs into English." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2024): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n04.010.
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Translation of idioms and proverbs presents distinctive challenges due to their cultural and linguistic specificity, requiring strategies that go beyond literal translation to convey their intended meaning accurately. This study explores the translation strategies and challenges encountered in translating Maithili idioms and proverbs into English. Drawing from the Longman Dictionary of English Idioms and Larson's definition of idioms, present article highlights the significance of idiomatic expressions in preserving cultural shades and emotional connotations. Through an analysis of idiomatic expressions from Maithili literature and their English translations, the study examines the methods employed in translating these cultural artifacts. Utilizing Baker's framework, the article discusses various translation techniques and emphasizes the importance of context in conveying the essence of idiomatic expressions. The findings underscore the complexities involved in translating idioms, urging translators to prioritize conveying meaning over literal interpretation and to provide additional context when direct equivalence is lacking.
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Panfilova, Elena Gennadjevna. "The specifics of translating German nominalized infinitives into Russian (based on the Russian National Corpus of parallel German-Russian texts)." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 17, no. 5 (May 17, 2024): 1471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240213.
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The purpose of this research is to identify the peculiarities of translating German nominalized infinitives into Russian based on the Russian National Corpus parallel texts German-Russian corpus. The scientific novelty of this work is that for the first time it analyses the translation of German nominalized infinitives into Russian based on material that is not limited to the translation of works by individual authors, but includes contexts from texts of different functional styles (fiction, publicistic and scientific) and their translations by a number of professional translators. The article examines in detail the possibilities of translating into Russian both fixed and occasional single-component German nominalized infinitives formed from high-frequency verbs based on diverse linguistic material; it also analyses the grammatical and lexical-semantic transformations used in translation. The research reveals the specifics of translating German nominalized infinitives into Russian: it identifies the most and least frequent translation methods and presents the quantitative ratio of transformations performed during translation.
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Van de Vijver, Fons, and Ronald K. Hambleton. "Translating Tests." European Psychologist 1, no. 2 (January 1996): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.1.2.89.
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With the increasing interest in cross-cultural research, there is a growing need for standard and validated practices for translating psychological instruments. Developing a psychologically acceptable instrument for another cultural group almost always requires more effort than a literal translation, which all too often is the common practice. The adequacy of translations can be threatened by various sources of bias. Three types of bias are distinguished in this paper: (1) construct bias (related to nonequivalence of constructs across cultural groups), (2) method bias (resulting from instrument administration problems), and (3) item bias (often a result of inadequate translations such as incorrect word choice). Ways in which bias can affect the adequacy of instruments are illustrated and possible remedies are discussed.
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Rahmawati, Maya, and Sidik Indra Nugraha. "Peranan Keterampilan Membaca pada Proses Prapenerjemahan dalam Mencapai Kesepadanan Teks Terjemahan." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v3i2.43.
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This study examines what strategies are most likely to be used by students when translating as well as the equivalence level of the translated texts. It aims to find out the appropriate reading strategy when translating. This study uses a qualitative paradigm because it seeks to explain a phenomenon about the choice of reading strategies used by students and the equivalence equivalence level of the translated texts. This research produces descriptive data in the form of patterns of reading strategy when students translate two different kinds of texts. In this study, data collection was carried out in two ways, namely questionnaires and translating test. Questionnaire was used to obtain data about the reading strategies chosen by students when translating. The questionnaire used is a closed type in the form of multiple choice. Each item has a different value. From the results of the analysis presented, it can be seen that most students still show a tendency to use bottom-up strategies in the process of translating. In addition, it can be seen that the choice of reading strategy can influence the results of translation. Some translations produced by students who tend to use bottom-up strategies in the translation process are not context-specific and still seem hard to read and unnatural. While around 80% of translations resulting from top-down strategies are considered acceptable because they are in accordance with the rules of the target language and sentence context. In addition, this research can also show that relying solely on one reading strategy can potentially produce erroneous translations.
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Huda, Karmila Indah Khasanah, and Erna Nurkholida. "GRAMMATICAL FAULTS OF GOOGLE TRANSLATE IN TRANSLATING ANDREA HIRATA’S LASKAR PELANGI." Journal of English Literacy Education: The Teaching and Learning of English as a Foreign Language 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jele.v9i2.17908.
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Nowadays, Google Translate is a common online tool to help people translate one language to other languages. It makes the translation quality of Google Translate very important. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate grammatical faults resulting from Google Translate based on Dulay's theory and discover the possible causes of grammatical faults in translating the Laskar Pelangi novel in Google Translate. Thirty-seven sentences related to the physical condition of the school were chosen, translated into English by Google translate, and analyzed qualitatively by using content analysis. The results showed that 205 errors were found, consisting of 48.29% misformation, 23.41% omission, 17.07% addition, and 11.21% disordering. These errors were caused by the improper structure of the source language affecting the Google Translate system in translating sentences, word by word translation, and the lack of awareness of Google Translate users in reviewing the translation results from Google Translate. The results also revealed that the errors in translating the novel and corpus were suitable. Regardless of the translation suitability of Google Translate in translating corpus shown by several studies, the findings also proved that research on the grammatical errors of novel translations was still lacking.
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Abdullah Aldosari, Lama. "Translation of Substitution and Ellipsis by Professional Translators and Translators in Training: A Contrastive Study." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 7, no. 4 (October 15, 2023): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol7no4.9.
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Creating a coherent and logically connected text requires the effective use of cohesive devices. Accurate translation of cohesive devices is essential to preserve the intended meaning of the original text. The present study investigates errors made by professional translators and novice translators when translating substitution and ellipsis from English into Arabic. Specifically, the study aims to answer the research question: What are the errors made by professional translators and translators in training when translating substitution and ellipsis? To gather data, the researcher conducted a survey and included a sample of both professional translators and translators in training. The results show that both groups had difficulty accurately translating substitution and ellipsis. The most prevalent errors included preserving the English sentence structure, omitting the cohesive device entirely, and modifying the meaning of the original text. Notably, both groups found identifying and translating ellipses particularly challenging, which led to errors in the final translation. Experienced translators produced higher quality translations than novice translators, indicating the significant impact of experience on the translation process. Based on the findings, the study recommends providing targeted training on cohesive devices through practical exercises to improve accuracy and offer more opportunities for practice in a supportive environment. Addressing these challenges can enhance the quality of translations and preserve the meaning of the original text.
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Xu, Yuan, Yuanyuan Liu, and Zhengfeng Li. "How Different Scientific Cultures Influence Triz Innovations: Applying Actor–Network Theory in Case Studies of Tesla and NIO Electric Cars." Cultures of Science 2, no. 2 (June 2019): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/209660831900200202.
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Translation is a critical element in the innovative theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) methodology. It entails three levels: translating specific practical problems into general TRIZ problems, translating general problems into methodological problems using TRIZ's innovation principles, and practically applying theoretical solutions. Moreover, translations of the same technical problems and TRIZ innovation principles may differ. We applied actor–network theory to explain significant differences in TRIZ translation mechanisms that could account for differences in problem-solving results in different regions. We found that variations in innovation elements among different scientific cultures directly influence TRIZ translation mechanisms.
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Pajević, Marko. "Literary Translation and Transmediality: Clive Scott’s Reader-Oriented Translation Theory and Practice." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 2, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v2i2.53.
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The British translation practitioner and theorist Clive Scott has presented an approach to literary translation that integrates the transmedial into textual translation. His translations of poetry contain doodling, handwriting, crossing out, writing over, typographical experimentation, and photo-collages; he even offers photo-poetic translations consisting exclusively of photos. By including such extra-verbal matter, they play with the medium of literature and integrate a rich variety of visual forms. Scott wishes to stress the role of perception in translating; he offers a reader-focused theory of translation. He is much less concerned with translation as a service for people who do not understand the original language than with the act of translating as a school for reading and hence for developing our capacities of perception and self-awareness. The materiality of language plays a major role in such an idea of translation. His approach has little to do with intentional meaning, focusing instead on the accessibility of sense. Translating is a process, and it is the relationship of this process to what Scott rightly sees as the multi-sensory process of meaning-making during reading that is at issue in his theory and practice. By analysing Scott’s theory and examples of his translationwork, this paper considers what this approach to translating says about transmediality in a phenomenological sense: it sheds light on how we read and perceive and on what the transmedial elements in these processes do. Scott’s transmedial translation theory and practice bring to the fore the multiplicity of media involved in the perception of a text in the reader’s mind and thus sharpens the awareness of what language is and does.
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HAMADE, Braa Khalaf. "COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN TRANSIONS OF THE NOBLE QUR'AN, SURAT AL-DUHA AS AMODEL ." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 02 (March 1, 2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.16.5.
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Our research provides a kind of treatment that deals with issues related to the Hebrew language in the field of translation and linguistics, where we offer a model for translating Surat Al-Duha by analyzing its verses that were translated into modern Hebrew by relying on three Hebrew translations of some oriental translators who translated the Holy Quran into modern Hebrew And find out about many of the problems in translation by transferring the Arabic text to the Hebrew language. As well as clarification of some technical aspects in the approach to equivalencies and stylistic evaluation, where we dealt with translating Surah Al-Duha into modern Hebrew language based on three translations with criticism, analysis and comparison through some translation theories in order to benefit from this study in the analysis of the Hebrew translations of the Holy Quran by many specialists in The field of modern Hebrew, who work in the field of translation from the Hebrew language to the Arabic language.
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Oittinen, Riitta. "Where the Wild Things Are." Meta 48, no. 1-2 (September 24, 2003): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006962ar.
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Abstract Translating picture books is a many-splendored thing: it includes not only the relationship between the verbal and the visual (images and other elements) but also issues like reading aloud and child images. In the following, while mainly concentrating on the visual, I will deal with the other questions as well, as they all interact and influence each other. My starting point is translating as rewriting for target-language audiences – we always need to ask the crucial question: “For whom?” Hence, while writing children’s books is writing for children, translating children’s literature is translating for children. (See Hunt 1990:1, 60-64 and Oittinen 2000.) The reasons why I take such a special interest in translating picture books are twofold: cultural and national as well as individual. In Finland, we translate a lot: 70-80% of all the books published for children annually are translations. From the perspective of picture books, the number may be even higher (and 90% of the translations come from the English language; see Rättyä 2002:18-23). Moreover, being an artist and translator of picture books makes me especially keen on the visual as a translation scholar as well. As a case study, I have chosen Maurice Sendak’s classical picture book Where the Wild Things Are and its translations into German, Swedish and Finnish. At the background of my article is my book Translating for Children (2000) as well as my forthcoming book Kuvakirja kääntäjän kädessä on translating picture books. Due to copyright reasons, I only have picture examples from illustrations of my own.
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Zhou, Jianxi. "Characteristics of Chinese Translation of Emily Dickinson's Poetry: A Big-Data Analysis Based on Nine Translations." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.9.3.
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Using a program written in python language to conduct a big-data statistical analysis of poetic form and vocabulary use of nine Chinese translations of Emily Dickinson's poetry, it is found that the current Chinese translations deviate significantly from the original in terms of poetic form in which deviation of punctuation is greater than that of stanzas and lines, and no translation completely retains formal characteristics of the original. Different characteristics in the use of vocabulary can be found in different translations. Some translations have too many additions and deletions, which makes language content deviate from the original too much. In translating Dickinson's poetry, the form and content of the original text should be faithfully translated. In particular, dashes of the original text should be kept completely, reduce the manifestation of the translator in the translation and avoid addition and deletion in translating.
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Porkhomovsky, Victor Ya, and Olga I. Romanova. "Names of God in Vulgate and the Italian translations of the Old Testament." RESEARCH RESULT Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2313-8912-2021-7-3-0-4.
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The present publication expands the analysis of the Old Testament translations into different languages. This line of studies was initiated by the works of the late French scholar Philippe Cassuto and one of the authors of this publication. The purpose of the article is to look at the strategies applied in translating the Old Testament names of the Supreme Being into Latin (the Vulgate version) and modern Italian. This purpose is two-fold: by doing so, we also expand the data base of the Old Testament terms‘ renditions in different languages. The article provides the full nomenclature of the names of the Supreme God in the Old-Hebrew (Masoretic) text of the Old Testament, concentrates on their semantics and grammatical structure, and explains the contexts of their use. A canonical Russian-language translation is used as a reference base to illustrate the fate of the original names of the God in translation. The widely-accepted English-language translations of the Old Testament are included to provide a broader perspective on translation strategies applied to this particular aspect of the Old Testament texts. The analyzed Latin and six modern Italian-language translations demonstrate a considerable degree of uniformity in translating the names of God. The Latin and the Italian translations apply the philological strategy to translating the Holy Bible (as opposed to another option presented by the typology of the Bible translation – the ideological strategy). Notwithstanding the relative lexical uniformity of the translations, they demonstrate the differences between Catholic and Protestant versions. The analysis of the Italian translations of the Old Testament contributes to the typology of the Bible translation and ultimately makes an input to the general theory of translation.
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Porkhomovsky, Victor Ya, and Olga I. Romanova. "Names of God in Vulgate and the Italian translations of the Old Testament." RESEARCH RESULT Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2313-8912-2021-7-3-0-4.
Full textAbstract:
The present publication expands the analysis of the Old Testament translations into different languages. This line of studies was initiated by the works of the late French scholar Philippe Cassuto and one of the authors of this publication. The purpose of the article is to look at the strategies applied in translating the Old Testament names of the Supreme Being into Latin (the Vulgate version) and modern Italian. This purpose is two-fold: by doing so, we also expand the data base of the Old Testament terms‘ renditions in different languages. The article provides the full nomenclature of the names of the Supreme God in the Old-Hebrew (Masoretic) text of the Old Testament, concentrates on their semantics and grammatical structure, and explains the contexts of their use. A canonical Russian-language translation is used as a reference base to illustrate the fate of the original names of the God in translation. The widely-accepted English-language translations of the Old Testament are included to provide a broader perspective on translation strategies applied to this particular aspect of the Old Testament texts. The analyzed Latin and six modern Italian-language translations demonstrate a considerable degree of uniformity in translating the names of God. The Latin and the Italian translations apply the philological strategy to translating the Holy Bible (as opposed to another option presented by the typology of the Bible translation – the ideological strategy). Notwithstanding the relative lexical uniformity of the translations, they demonstrate the differences between Catholic and Protestant versions. The analysis of the Italian translations of the Old Testament contributes to the typology of the Bible translation and ultimately makes an input to the general theory of translation.
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LUAN, Shaomeng. "A study on the translation strategies of ancient Chinese cultural classics from the perspective of hypotaxis and parataxis--taking the A Dream of Red Mansions as an example." Region - Educational Research and Reviews 6, no. 1 (February 22, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/rerr.v6i1.1578.
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Translation serves as a bridge for telling Chinese stories and promotes the exchange of Chinese and foreign civilizations. By translating Chinese classics into foreign languages, it facilitates the international dissemination of Chinese culture and deepens the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations. As the first of China's four great classical novels, A Dream of Red Mansions is widely recognized for its literary value and achievements by scholars worldwide. From the early 19th century to the present, there have been over 100 translations into more than 30 languages. A Dream of Red Mansions represents the pinnacle of classical Chinese literature, involving complex terminology from various fields. In addition to translating ancient titles and food in the text, there are also extensive translations of ancient poems, all of which pose focal points and challenges in translation. By comparing various translations, this paper takes Hawkes' translation as an example to analyze the differences between English and Chinese in the translation of A Dream of Red Mansions from the perspectives of hypotaxis and parataxis, and expound the translation strategies in this type of translation.
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Gallimore, Daniel. "Tsubouchi Shōyō and the Beauty of Shakespeare Translation in 1900s Japan." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 13, no. 28 (April 22, 2016): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mstap-2016-0006.
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In a recent study of Shakespeare translation in Japan, the translator and editor Ōba Kenji (14) expresses his preference for the early against the later translations of Tsubouchi Shōyō (1859-1935), a small group of basically experimental translations for stage performance published between the years 1906 and 1913; after 1913, Shōyō set about translating the rest of the plays, which he completed in 1927. Given Shōyō’s position as the pioneer of Shakespeare translation, not to mention a dominant figure in the history of modern Japanese literature, Ōba’s professional view offers insights into Shōyō’s development that invite detailed analysis and comparison with his rhetorical theories. This article attempts to identify what Shōyō may have meant by translating Shakespeare into elegant or “beautiful” Japanese with reference to excerpts from two of his translations from the 1900s.
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Marie, Benjamin, and Atsushi Fujita. "Synthesizing Parallel Data of User-Generated Texts with Zero-Shot Neural Machine Translation." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (November 2020): 710–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00341.
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Neural machine translation (NMT) systems are usually trained on clean parallel data. They can perform very well for translating clean in-domain texts. However, as demonstrated by previous work, the translation quality significantly worsens when translating noisy texts, such as user-generated texts (UGT) from online social media. Given the lack of parallel data of UGT that can be used to train or adapt NMT systems, we synthesize parallel data of UGT, exploiting monolingual data of UGT through crosslingual language model pre-training and zero-shot NMT systems. This paper presents two different but complementary approaches: One alters given clean parallel data into UGT-like parallel data whereas the other generates translations from monolingual data of UGT. On the MTNT translation tasks, we show that our synthesized parallel data can lead to better NMT systems for UGT while making them more robust in translating texts from various domains and styles.
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Algryani, Ali. "On the Translation of Linguistic Landscape: strategies and quality assessment." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 24, no. 2 (September 2021): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2021.24.2.5.
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This article studies linguistic landscape (LL) from a translational perspective. It aims to examine the translation strategies adopted in translating texts on non-official public signs and assess the quality of their translations. For accomplishing this, the author analysed a corpus of one hundred photos of public signage representing bilingual (translational) content based on two criteria. Namely, the translation strategies employed in translating public signs and the appropriateness of public signage translations for their target readers. The study concludes that several translation strategies are used to convey the informative content of public signs, such as transference, word-for-word translation, generalisation, and omission. Furthermore, the study reveals cases of inaccurate translations that can be attributed to the translator’s linguistic incompetence, improper use of translation strategies, and linguistic incompatibilities between English and Arabic. Such mistranslations distort the informative content of the original text and give rise to different interpretations. The study’s implication is to draw attention to the importance of translational content of public signs as it serves as a medium of communication and reflects the image of linguistic cityscape.
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Li, Bingcheng, and Huiqin Tu. "A Study on the Translation Strategy by Comparing the Translation of Reduplications and Image Words: Three English Versions of Sheng Sheng Man as the Case Study." Studies in English Language Teaching 12, no. 2 (May 25, 2024): p110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v12n2p110.
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The study is based on the translators’ respective cultural identities, and compares, evaluates and validates the translation strategies of the three translations in terms of dealing with reduplications and image words in the translations. This study proves that Lin Yutang believes that the most important thing in translating poetry is considering the context, and finally translate the beauty of poetry through the techniques of “using words to convey the spirit” and “using words to condense the poetry”. Xu Yuanchong insists on his own translation ideas: the “Three Beauties Theory”, which contains beauty in sound, beauty in form and beauty in sense. As a result, Xu’s translations have a high degree of unity of “loose in form but not in spirit”, and his translation versions are even more remarkable in terms of “conveying the spirit” of the image in the text. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang attach great importance to “fidelity” in translation, giving priority to the strategy of “foreignization” in all matters relating to national cultural characteristics, and translating poetry by means of literal translation, transliteration and paraphrase.
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Tetty, Morada. "FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS IN TRANSLATING TEXTS IDIOMATICALLY." Journal of Language, Literature, and Teaching 2, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35529/jllte.v2i3.20-25.
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The discussion of translation used by students has been investigated long time ago in which the setup of the Second Language Development was firstly established, i.e around 1900s. Many Error Analyses on translation have been analyzed by linguists which become the valuable contributions towards the study of translation. This study deals with error analysis of students’ project on translations of English Department of UNIMED so that there could be drawn some factors that make students are in difficulty in translating texts idiomatically. Qualitative method is used in analyzing this study and all the data are taken from students’ projects and worksheets on translation. Among factors that cause students are in difficulty in translating texts idiomatically are less understanding the meanings of the texts, do not fully master the lexicogrammar, do not understand the language concepts, social context, language use, etc.