Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Translating and interpreting Philosophy'
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Jones, Ida Amelia. "Translating opinions an investigation into the effect of word choice on reader perception /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Glezen, Paul. "The ideal of objective interpretation a critical examination of W.V. Quine's doctrine of the indeterminacy of translation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Cunha, Neto Osvaldo 1980. "Protágoras e a doxografia platônica sobre o mais eminente sofista = estudo e tradução = Protagora and the platonic doxography about the most eminente sophist : study and translation." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270390.
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Orientador: Flávio Ribeiro de OliveiraTexto em grego com tradução paralela em português
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O diálogo Protágoras coloca frente a frente Sócrates e Protágoras...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The dialogue Protagoras puts face to face Socrates and Protagoras...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
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Kotze, H. B. (Hendrik Benjamin). "Davidson on metaphor and conceptual schemes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51670.
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Compilation of two papers, the first of which was accepted for publication in the South African Journal of Philosophy in the second half of 2001.Why metaphors have no meaning : considering metaphoric meaning in Davidson. -- Bare idea of a conceptual scheme : relativism, intercultural communication and Davidson.
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: WHY METAPHORS HAVE NO MEANING: CONSIDERING METAPHORIC MEANING IN DAVIDSON Since the publication of Donald Davidson's essay 'What Metaphors Mean' (1984c) - in which he famously asserts that metaphor has no meaning - the views expressed in it have mostly met with criticism: prominently from Mary Hesse and Max Black. This article attempts to explain Davidson's surprise-move regarding metaphor by relating it to elements in the rest of his work in semantics, such as the principle of compositionality, radical interpretation and the principle of charity. I conclude that Davidson's views on metaphor are not only consistent with his semantic theory generally, but that his semantics also depend on these insights. Eventually, the debate regarding Davidson's views on metaphor should be conducted on the level of his views on the nature of semantics, the relationship between language and the world and the possibility of there existing something like conceptual schemes.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: THE BARE IDEA OF A CONCEPTUAL SCHEME: RELATIVISM, INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND DAVIDSON Donald Davidson's paper 'On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme' ('OVICS') has become famous for the refutation accomplished in it of conceptual relativism. Via an argument that, essentially, all languages are intertranslatable, Davidson rejects the notion that different conceptual schemes can inhere in the supposed 'un-translatable' languages said to exist by, for instance, Whorf and Kuhn. Critics of Davidson's position have mainly focussed on practical issues, with many holding that his arguments in 'OVICS' ignore the realities of the real intercultural communication situation. In the present paper, I address criticisms of this sort. Davidson's arguments are reconstructed, with attention being paid to their dependence on the idea of practical application in the real intercommunication situation. With the aid of practical examples, the implications of elements of Davidson's philsophy of interpretation for intercultural communication are evaluated. Finally, radical interpretation is presented as a better model for intercultural dialogue than linguistically relativist ones.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: WHY METAPHORS HAVE NO MEANING: CONSIDERING METAPHORIC MEANING IN DAVIDSON Sedert die publikasie van Donald Davidson se opstel 'What Metaphors Mean' (1984c) - waarin hy die berugte stelling maak dat metafoor geen betekenis het nie - is sy sieninge meestal begroet met kritiek, ook van prominente figure soos Mary Hesse en Max Black. Hierdie artikel poog om 'n verduideliking te vind vir Davidson se verassende skuif aangaande metafoor, deur sy sieninge hieroor te kontekstualiseer teen die agtergrond van elemente uit die res van sy werk in semantiek, soos die beginsel van komposisionaliteit, radikale interpretasie en die beginsel van rasionele akkomodasie ('charity'). Ek kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat Davidson se sieninge aangaande metafoor nie slegs naatloos aansluit by sy algemene sieninge aangaande semantiek nie, maar dat die res van sy semantiese teorie ook afhang van sy sieninge aangaande metafoor. Uiteindelik behoort die debat rakende Davidson se sieninge aangaande metafoor gevoer te word op die vlak van die aard van semantiek, die verhouding tussen taal en die werklikheid en die moontlike bestaan van konseptueie skemas.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: THE BARE IDEA OF A CONCEPTUAL SCHEME: RELATIVISM, INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND DAVIDSON Donald Davidson se artikel 'On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme' het beroemdheid verwerf as teenargument vir die idee van konseptuele relativisme. By wyse van 'n argument dat alle tale in beginsel vertaalbaar is, verwerp Davidson die idee dat verskillende konseptueie skemas kan skuilgaan in die veronderstelde 'onvertaalbare' tale waarvan daar sprake is by byvoorbeeld Whorf en Kuhn. Kritici van Davidson se posisie beperk hul hoofsaaklik tot praktiese besware en 'n vername aanklag teen Davidson is dat hy die realiteite misken van werklike interkulturele gesprek. In hierdie artikel spreek ek sodanige kritiek aan. Ek herkonstrueer Davidson se argumente en voer aan dat dit deurgaans afhanklik is van die idee van toepassing in 'n praktiese situasie van interkulturele dialoog. By wyse van praktiese voorbeelde evalueer ek die implikasies van Davidson se filosofie van interpretasie vir interkulturele kommunikasie. Laastens bied ek radikale interpretasie aan as 'n beter model vir interkulturele dialoog as linguisties relativistiese modelle.
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Sheung, Shing-yue, and 商承禹. "Translating your master's language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950048.
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Sheung, Shing-yue. "Translating your master's Language /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13028194.
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Moros, Edgar Andrés. "Challenging traditional notions of theory and practice in translator training and in the history of translation studies two exemplary cases /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Shing, Sze-wai. "Translation and the construction of national identity." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38747625.
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Watkins, Gareth Llewellyn. "Translation tools and technologies in the Welsh language context." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678612.
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This thesis investigates translation tools and technologies in the Welsh language context and provides translators working in the Welsh-English language pair with a method of evaluation of Translation Memory (TM).
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Dillinger, Michael L. "Component processes of simultaneous interpreting." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39215.
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The component processes specific to simultaneous interpreting and common to interpreting and listening were investigated. Experienced conference interpreters and inexperienced bilinguals performed aural-to-oral simultaneous interpreting of a narrative and a procedure from English into French and then gave a free recall of each immediately afterwards. A comparison group of bilinguals performed a simple listening task with the same materials. The texts were on an unfamiliar topic (positron emission tomography) and differed only with respect to frame type.Experience showed a main effect on interpreting measures, (experienced interpreters performed more accurately), and interacted with text-structure variables that indexed proposition generation, but did not affect recall. Task did not have a main effect on recall and interacted weakly with text-structure variables. Text and Text-structure variables had very strong effects both for the interpreting and the recall measures.
The results were viewed as evidence that interpreting involves the same component processes as normal listening comprehension rather than constituting a specialized comprehension skill. Analyses of text-structure variables provided evidence for influence of high-level conceptual processing and other component processes both on line and off line. Since there was no evidence that interpreting interfered with comprehension, the qualitative on-line measures possible in the interpreting task appear to be generalizable to comprehension under more usual circumstances.
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Tollefsen, Deborah Perron. "Interpreting organizations /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486459267522019.
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Bradley, Virginia Mae. "The extent of interpretation required in translating the Scriptures." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Shing, Sze-wai, and 盛思維. "Translation and the construction of national identity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38747625.
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Qu, Xiao Bing Effy. "Stance and medication in political news translation :a case study of 2014 Hong Kong Protests." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954296.
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Palnau, Kenneth E. "Translation quality issues : aspects and prospects /." Monterey, Calif. : Monterey Institute of International Studies, 2003. http://library.miis.edu/thesis/TI03%5F2.pdf.
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Huang, Junxiong. "A model for translation accuracy evaluation and measurement a quantitative approach /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/82531.
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"2007"Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Linguistics and Psychology, Dept. of Linguistics, 2008.
Bibliography: p. 303-317.
Introduction -- Literature review -- Identification of the unit of translation -- Towards a model for standardized TQA -- Mean criteria of the world -- Creating the mark deduction scheme -- Testing the model -- Applying the model -- Conclusion.
Translation quality assessment (TQA) has been part of the translating process since Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43BCE), and earnest studies on TQA have been conducted for several decades, but there has been no breakthrough in standardized TQA. Though the importance of TQA has been stressed, agreement on specific means of TQA has not been reached. As Chesterman and Wagner summarize, "Central to translation [...]," "[q]uality assessment is so complicated - especially if it is to be objective and reproducible" (2002: 80-81). The approaches to TQA published throughout the past millennia, by and large, are qualitative. "Whereas there is general agreement on the requirement for a translation to be 'good,' 'satisfactory,' or 'acceptable,' the definition of acceptability and of the means of determining it are matters of ongoing debate and there is precious little agreement on specifics" (Williams, 2004: xiv). Most published TQA approaches are neither objective nor reproducible. -- My study proposes a model for fuzzy standardized TQA through a quantitative approach, which expresses TQA results in numerical terms in a consistent manner. My model is statistics-based, practice-based and practice-oriented. It has been independently tested by eleven professors from four countries, fifteen senior United Nations translators, and fifty reader evaluators. My contrastive analysis of 23,000 pages of bilingual and multilingual texts has identified the unit of translation - the orthographic sentence in context, which is also verified by the results of an international survey among 66 professional translators, the majority of whom also confirm that they evaluate translations sentence by sentence in context. Halliday and Matthiessen's functional grammar theory, among others, provides my model for quantitative TQA with its theoretical basis, while the international survey, the necessary data. My model proposes a set of six Fuzzy Functional Translation Grammar terms, a grammar concept general enough to cover all grammar units in the translated orthographic sentence. Each term represents one type of error which contains from one to three sub-categories. Each error is assigned a value - the mean of the professional markers' deductions for relevant artificial errors and original errors. A marking scheme with sixteen variables under eight attributes is thus created. Ten marks are assigned to each unit of TQA, the sentence. For easy calculation, an arithmetic formula popularly used in statistics (Ex/n ) is adopted. With the assistance of a simple calculator, the evaluator can calculate the grade of a sentence, a sentence group, and the overall grade for an entire TT, regardless of its length. -- Perfect reliability or validity in any form of measurement is unattainable. There will always be some random error or noise in the data (McClendon, 2004: 7). Since it is the first of its type, I do not claim that my model is perfect. Variation has been found in the results of the testing performed by scholars and professional translators, but further testing based on two "easy" (markers' comment) sentences by the 50 reader evaluators respectively achieves 98% and 100% consistency, which indicates that markers' competence may equal constancy or that proper marker training and/or strict marker examination will minimize inconsistency among professional markers. My model, whose formulas withstand testing at the theoretical level and in practice, is not only ready for application, but it has profound implications beyond TQA, such as use in machine translation, and for other subjects like the role of the sentence in translation studies and translating practice.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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McKay, Sylvie. ""Athénaïse" de Kate Chopin ; suivi de, Prismes de la traduction littéraire." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59572.
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The creative section of this thesis is a translation of the short story "Athenaise" drawn from the anthology A Night in Acadie by the American author Kate Chopin. This piece of work claims to be a "literalist" translation true to the original text. It is oriented towards the literary aspect and reproduces most of the characteristics from the original. This translation conveys the cultural and stylistic features of the original text by taking into account the author's literary style.In the segment of this thesis devoted to the critique, we propose to demonstrate how to bring the particularities of the original text into the finished work. It is through various prisms of literary translation that we can convey some of the original's specificity: knowledge of Kate Chopin (the author), her work, her culture and an analysis of her literary style and writing technique. We will also analyze the translation through a systematic critique as developed by Antoine Berman in his work on three traditional devices of translation in the Western hemisphere.
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Huddleston, Mark. "Managing monolingual myopia helping American Christians rightly handle their many English versions of Scripture /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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王瓊. "德勒茲和伽塔里「動態形成」理論視角下的翻譯研究: 以兩個西方自傳譯敘文本為例= A Delezuean-Guattarian approach of "becoming" to translation: illustrated by two case studies in the Chinese translation of Western autobiographical narratives." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/250.
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「動態形成」哲學思想源自法國後現代哲學家吉爾·德勒茲和菲力克斯·伽塔里 。該思想的三個核心概念即「疆域解構與重構」、「根狀派生網絡」和「差異 與重複」。本研究試圖在翻譯研究領域，將這三個概念運用於解釋翻譯的動態 過程和翻譯產品的差異化形成現象。傳統描寫翻譯學，關注目標文本形成過程 的宏觀社會文化現象，注重詮釋目標文本與源文本之間的靜態、單一和結構式 的對等關係。這種思維方式把目標文本的形成現象，想象成必須符合某种預先 設定的概念，忽略了目標文本多元形成的可能性。運用德勒茲和伽塔里的「動 態形成」後現代哲學思想，是為了改變傳統的思維範式，即放棄從抽象概念進 行思考，而聚焦於實際文本數據，並且從中找出某种形成的規律和提煉理論概 念。「動態形成」後現代哲學思想將翻譯看作是一種多元網狀派生的動態過程 ，譯者在實際語用環境中進行語際轉換時，各種圍繞文本派生的異質元素之間 得以相遇、碰撞和轉變，形成多元可能的聯結和聚合，而正是這種動態隨機的 意義重複過程，才内聚形成了差異性的翻譯產品。 本研究運用「動態形成」哲學思想闡述自傳文本的譯敍過程，旨在於爲翻譯 學增添新的理論視角，以拓寬翻譯學的研究疆域。本研究者從「動態形成」哲 學思想切入，結合當代自傳敘事學理論，建構一個適用於本研究的理論框架， 並在此基礎上建構一個適用於自傳譯敘文本分析研究模式的「網狀多元分析法 」。研究者選取兩篇自傳文本作爲案例研究，一篇選自海倫・凱勒自傳《假如 給我三天光明》和三個差異化形成的簡體譯本；另一篇選自《喬布斯傳記》中 ，喬布斯本人的自傳敘事，和中國內地及港澳臺地區兩個不同動態形成的譯本 。通過分析翻譯文本微觀層面的語言轉換細節，以及影響目標文本形成的各種 宏觀條件（包括譯者的身心參與、社會文化因素、目標群體的受衆等因素）， 本研究得出以下三點結論：（一）翻譯即文本疆域解構與重構的「動態形成」 過程；（二）自傳譯敘文本即敘事重複與差異化產品；（三）文本對等即譯敘 過程中「本地映射」的網狀派生對等。 Abstract The philosophy of ‘Becoming’, developed by the postmodern French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, encompasses three core concepts: ‘de/reterritorialisation’, ‘rhizome’ and ‘difference and repetition’. This thesis attempts to apply these concepts to translation studies by developing an approach which both advocates the dynamic process of translation and the production of differentiated translations that emerge from the process of ‘becoming’. Traditional descriptive translation studies proceeds from abstract macro-sociocultural concepts and a belief in the static, singular and structuralist equivalent relationship between the source and target texts. It seeks to conceptualize the production of a target text by presupposing that it will ultimately in some way match these concepts. Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy of ‘becoming’, in contrast, begins with a completely different paradigm. Instead of starting with abstraction, it starts from empirical data, from which it seeks to extract patterns and concepts. It regards translating as a dynamic, ‘rhizomatic’ process in which the translator generates and establishes new textual connections out of an engagement with the pragmatic world. The encountering, collision and transformation of the heterogeneous linguistic-cultural elements invoke multiple possibilities of linkages and ‘assemblages’. Within this random and dynamic mechanism, meaning is revived through repetition and in turn gives rise to an immanently ‘becoming-different’ translated product. The research aims to offer a different perspective from traditional translation theories. Adopting a theoretical framework that incorporates the philosophy of ‘becoming’ and contemporary (autobiographical) narrative theories, it seeks to explain the ‘becoming’ of multiple translated versions of autobiographical narrative texts. Through a ‘rhizoanalysis’ of two cases: 1) Helen Keller’s autobiography The Story of My Life and its three translated versions, and 2) the autobiographical writings embedded within Steve Jobs’ biography and its translations in simplified and traditional Chinese, the research presents a model of analysis comprising the examination of translation shifts on the micro level of the text and the designation of these shifts in terms of their relation to macro-level conditions (including translatorial somatic intervention, sociocultural conditioning and reception by the target readers). Three major conclusions are drawn from the research: 1) translating is found to be a textual de/reterritorialising process of becoming; 2) the translating of an autobiographical text is a process of repetition of the narration that results in the generation of a ‘becoming-different’ target product; and 3) textual equivalence in transnarration is necessarily a rhizomatic type of equivalence governed by the local mapping of a multiplicity of forces through the transnarration process.
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吳音然. "回譯與重敘研究 :以彼得・海斯勒「中國三部曲」英中翻譯為例 = Back-translating as re-narrating : a case study of the Chinese translations of Peter Hessler's 'China trilogy'." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/618.
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中國題材英文作品翻譯成中文時，出現了一種特殊翻譯現象：「回譯」。本課題將源文本的「中國」視為在英文語境中形成的建構物，而回譯則是在中文語境中對這個「中國」建構物進行的重構。本研究參考蒙娜．貝克的社會敘事翻譯理論，將回譯理解為一種「重敘」，並借鑒敘述學「聚焦」概念，進一步把重敘中國人物、事件的回譯現象具化為一種「重新聚焦」過程，意在探究隨著聚焦者觀察中國人物、事件的視角轉變，聚焦者視野裡的「焦點」如何變化，進而重構出不同於源文本的「中國故事」。在參考里蒙--凱南提出的「聚焦側面」類型（即感知、心理、意識形態「聚焦側面」）的基礎上，本研究構建出適用於探究語言標記變化的「重新聚焦」文本分析模式，通過考察三種「聚焦側面」之間的相互轉化及「聚焦側面」的內部變化，分析中文譯本投射出的「重新聚焦」模式，以此揭示回譯重敘機制。本課題圍繞中國題材當代英文敘事新聞作品的中譯展開研究，選取美國作者彼得．海斯勒「中國三部曲」（即《江城》、《尋路中國》、《甲骨文》）的回譯進行案例分析。其中，簡體譯本為主要研究對象，而在台灣出版的繁體譯本則用於對比與參照。本研究發現，在大陸譯本中，聚焦者屬性呈現出由「局外人」到「局內人」的轉變。透過「局內人」聚焦者重塑出的「中國故事」，折射出中國百姓對自身所處社會時空的集體認知，及中文譯者/讀者對中國人物帶有的情感連結。回譯重構並不是一種單純的政治改寫，而關涉以「局內人」聚焦者為主體的「敘事共建」過程。The translation into Chinese of works written in English on China, or China-related topics points to a specific translation phenomenon: 'back-translation'. 'China' in the English texts is a construct and its back-translation involves re-constructing the 'China' based on contextualised Chinese factors. In light of Mona Baker's socio-narrative theory, this type of back-translation is conceived as a form of 're-narration'. With further reference to the narratological concept of 'focalization', the process of this back-translation is considered 're-focalization' that takes place between the target and source narratives. The study explores the shifting perspectives observed in original and translated narratives on these Chinese characters and events and examines how the 'focus' as perceived through the original focalizer is re-developed in the back-translation process, thus giving rise to a different China story. Drawing upon Rimmon-Kenan's three facets of focalization (i.e. perceptual, psychological and ideological), the project proposes an analytical model, which traces changes in linguistic markers, to analyse how one facet of focalization is altered into another and what changes are made within the same facet. The analysis contributes to the revelation of a re-narrating mechanism embedded in the back-translation phenomenon.Focusing on the Chinese translations of contemporary English narrative journalism about China, this project uses the Chinese translations of Peter Hessler's China Trilogy (i.e. River Town, Country Driving and Oracle Bones) for case studies, with the simplified Chinese translations as the main object of analysis, and the traditional Chinese versions published in Taiwan as a point of comparison. It is found that the re-focalization mechanism in the mainland Chinese translations is characterized by changes in the status of focalizer from that of an 'outsider' to that of an 'insider'. The China story, as re-focalized through an 'insider', aligns with ordinary Chinese people's collective understandings of the social space they belong to and reflects a sense of attachment that the Chinese translator(s)/readers may develop with the Chinese characters. This reveals that the back-translation is not a fully politically-motivated re-writing, but a narrative co-construction process that centres around the 'insider-focalizer'
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Saliwa, Ncebakazi Faith. "A qualitative analysis of government documents translated into Isixhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50575.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa declared all 11 South African languages official to bring back dignity to all citizens of this country and to ensure that communication reaches all people in the language of their choice. In an effort to meet this constitutional mandate, government institutions are obliged to translate documents into all official national or provincial languages. Before 1998, only two languages were used in official documentation -and those were English and Afrikaans. That meant that a lot of money was invested in and committed into developing these two languages, especially Afrikaans, so that they could be used readily in all official and general communication. African languages were not developed as much then and this became a problem when they were declared official as they were not ready to meet the challenges of official and technical use. Government has not been able to identify this as a problem and has therefore lightly and ignorantly regarded tasks such as translation as easy tasks that can be handled by any speaker of the language concerned. This has resulted in very poor translations. This study begins with an introduction that entails the hyphothesis. According to the hyphothesis, most government documents translated into isiXhosa do not communicate with their target audiences because of their poor quality. This makes it difficult for target readers to follow the message. The poor quality results from the use of either untrained translators or people who claim that they can translate -as well as the use of any language speaker to translate by the virtue of being able to speak the language concerned. In other instances, the issue is not the quality but rather transliteration because of the use of language professionals such as lecturers who are conversant with the language and grammar, but who have no expertise, training or experience in translation. Chapter 2 explores the three main approaches of translation, namely the linguistic approach, the text-linguistic approach and the functional approach. In this chapter, the results of extensive research and development over the years in the translation field are presented. In Chapter 3, two government documents are analysed by the researcher and by a group of participants who were given relevant questionnaires and others interviewed. In Chapter 4, the reasons for poor quality are identified and, in Chapters 5 and 6, solutions to problems and reasons for poor translation are suggested. It is hoped that the research will stimulate a new subject for discussion and a field of study concerning translation into African languages so that government can seriously regard translation as a specialist field.
(ISIXHOSA) AMAGQABANTSHINTSHI: UMzantsi Afrika umisele zonke iilwimi ezilishumi elinanye zeli lizwe njengezisemthethweni ukubuyisela isidima sabemi bell lizwe. Oku kwenzelwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke ubani ufumana ulwazi ngolwimi afuna ukulufumana ngalo. Kwimizamo yokuphumeza le njongo yoMgago-siseko, amaziko karhulumente kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba aguqulele onke amaxwebhu kuzo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni zelizwe okanye zephondo. Phambi ko-1998, zimbini kuphela iilwimi ebezisemthethweni, ibisisiNgesi nesiBhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba ezi lwimi zimbini ziphuhliswe, ingakumbi isiBhulu, ukulungiselela ukuba zikwazi ukusetyenziswa kumaxwebhu asemthethweni nakunxibelelwano ngokubanzi. lilwimi zesintu azizange ziphuhliswe kangako, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni zijongane nemiceli-mngeni emva kokuba zamiselwa ngokusemthethweni. Urhulumente akakuboni ukuba oku kuseyingxaki kangangokuba imisebenzi efana noguqulo-lwimi uyithatha njengemisebenzi elula nenokwenziwa nguye nabani na okwazi ukuthetha ulwimi olo. Oku kubangela ukuba sibe namaxwebhu aguqulwe kakubi nangafundekiyo. Le thisisi iqala ngokubeka ingxaki yokuba, amaxwebhu amaninzi karhulumente aguqulelwe esiXhoseni akafundeki ngenxa yokuba uguqulo olo lukumgangatho ophantsi. Oku kwenza ukuba abo bantetho isisiXhosa abafanele ukufunda la maxwebhu, bangayilandeli into ebhalwe kuwo. Olu luguqulo lungafundekiyo lwenziwa kukusetyenziswa kwabaguquli-lwimi abangawuqeqeshelwanga lo msebenzi kwakunye nabo bathi bayakwazi ukuguqula ukuya kuma ekusetyenzisweni kwaye nawuphi na umntu othetha olu lwimi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ingxaki kukuba abo baguqulayo bavele balandele ulwimi olo basukuba beguqula kulo nokusetyenziswa kweengcali zolwimi ezifana nabahlohli zibe zingenabungcali naluqeqesho lokutolika okanye loguqulo-lwimi. lsahluko sesibini sichaza ngokubanzi ngezifundo zoguqulo nophando osele lwenziwe kwezi zifundo. Sichaphazela iindlela-ndlela zoguqulo eziphambili. Eyokuqala yileyo yokuguqula uqinisekisa ukuba onke amagama akuxwebhu aguquliwe kunye nazo zonke izigaba zentetho ezilapha. Eyesibini yileyo iqinisekisa ukuba ingxam yoxwebhu iguquliwe ze eyesithathu ibe yekuguqulwa kulandelwa injongo efanele ukuphunyezwa luxwebhu olo nokuqinisekisa ukuba uyazanezisa iimfuno nolwazi lwabantu abaza kulusebenzisa. KwiSahluko sesi-3, umbhali nomphandi wolu xwebhu uye waphonononga waza wehla amahlongwane amaxwebhu amabini karhulumente, wawanika nabanye abantu ukuba bakhe bawajonge yaye banike izimvo zabo ngawo. KwiSahluko sesi-4, Izizathu ezenza ukuba la maxwebhu angafundeki kamnandi zichaziwe ze kwiSahluko sesi-5 nesesi-6 kwanikwa iingcebiso nezisombululo eziya kunceda ukuba kuguqulwe ngendlela engcono. Umphandi lo unomnqweno nethemba lokuba olu phando luya kubangela ukuba lo mba ukhe uqwalaselisiswe. Ukwathemba kananjalo ukuba ngenxa yolu phando kuya kuthi kuntshule ezinye izifundo ezijonga le ngxaki, ukuze urhulumente ayithathele ingqalelo into yokuba uguqulo-lwimi lufanele ukwenziwa ngabo bantu bawuqeqeshelweyo okanye bawufundeleyo lo msebenzi.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika het al elf Suid-Afrikaanse tale amptelik verklaar om waardigheid terug te bring na al die landsburgers en om te verseker dat kommunikasie almal in die taal van sy of haar keuse bereik. Ten einde uitvoering te gee aan hierdie grondwetlike mandaat, is staatsinstellings verplig om dokumente in al die nasionale of provinsiale tale te vertaal. Voor 1998 was daar net twee amptelike tale, naamlik Afrikaans en Engels. Dit het behels dat baie geld bestee en verbind is om hierdie twee tale en veral Afrikaans te ontwikkel sodat hulle maklik in alle amptelike en algemene kommunikasie gebruik kon word. Pogings is nie dienooreenkomstig aangewend om die Afrikatale te ontwikkel nie. Dit het onmiddellik aanleiding tot probleme gegee toe die Afrikatale as amptelik verklaar is aangesien hulle nie gereed was om die uitdagings van amptelike en tegniese gebruik die hoof te bied nie. Die regering het dit nie as 'n probleem beskou nie en het dus ligtelik en onkundig sulke take soos vertaling as maklike take beskou wat deur enige spreker van die taal gedoen kon word. Dit het gelei tot baie swak vertalings. Die studie begin met 'n inleiding wat die hipotese stel, naamlik dat die meeste staatsdokumente wat in isiXhosa vertaal word, nie met hul teikengroepe kommunikeer nie omdat die swak gehalte daarvan dit moeilik maak vir die teikengroep om die boodskap te verstaan. Die swak gehalte spruit uit die gebruik van of onopgeleide vertalers, Of enigeen wat daarop aanspraak maak dat hy of sy kan vertaal, of uit die situasie waar enige spreker van 'n taal versoek word om te vertaal omdat hy of sy die taal kan praat. In ander gevalle is die probleem nie die gehalte nie, maar eerder transliterasie en die gebruik van akademici wat vertroud is met die taal en die grammatika, maar geen vertaalkundigheid, -opleiding of —ervaring het nie. Hoofstuk 2 ondersoek die drie vernaamste benaderings tot vertaling, naamlik die linguistiese benadering, die tekslinguistiese benadering en die funksionalistiese benadering. Die resultate van omvattende navorsing en ontwikkeling ten opsigte van hierdie benaderings wat oor die jare in die veld van vertaling gemaak is, word hier aangebied. In hoofstuk 3 word twee staatsdokumente deur die navorser ontleed en ook deur 'n groep deelnemers wat tersaaklike vraelyste moes invul en met wie onderhoude gevoer is. Die oorsake van swak gehalte word bepaal en oplossings word in hoofstuk 4 aanbeveel. In hoofstukke 5 en 6 word oplossings tot en redes vir vertaalprobleme aangevoer. Hierdie navorsing sal hopelik 'n nuwe onderwerp vir bespreking en 'n studieveld ten opsigte van vertaling in Afrikatale bevorder sodat die regering ems kan maak daarmee om vertaling as 'n spesialisveld te beskou.
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Van, Rensburg Alta. "'n Nuwe vertaling van die Bybel in Afrikaans : 'n perspektief op die teorie en praktyk /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2411.
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Ko, Leong. "Teaching interpreting by distance mode /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17664.pdf.
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Saulse, Bernice. "Interpreting within the Western Cape health care sector : a descriptive overview." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4213.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past decade many studies have shown that ad hoc interpreting services are still the norm for the health care sector in the South African context. The health care sector of South Africa, specifically in the Western Cape, is characterised by primarily Afrikaans- and English-speaking doctors, or medical practitioners in general, who do not understand Xhosaspeaking patients. In order to bridge this language gap, ad hoc interpreting services are employed, which are rendered by family members of a patient, nurses, or at times, even by porters or cleaners. As a result of the fact that these ad hoc interpreters lack training in interpreting theory and practice, they tend to distort communication, which impact negatively on the quality of the health care that the patient receives. This consequent lack of quality in health care can therefore directly be related to the quality of the interpreted utterances or product that the interpreter renders. Even though ad hoc interpreters are generally more used in the health care sector, some hospitals employ professionally trained interpreters to relieve the burden of a language barrier. In 1996, due to the erratic nature of health care interpreting services and language barriers between medical practitioners and patients, the National Language Project trained 22 community interpreters to be placed in hospitals within the boundaries of the Western Cape. Three of these interpreters were placed at Tygerberg Hospital, three at Groote Schuur Hospital, and three at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. By 2008 none remained in Tygerberg Hospital, one was still employed by Groote Schuur Hospital, and two employed by Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. In 2007, Groote Schuur Hospital identified a need to train and place interpreters within the hospital, due to the language barrier between medical practitioners and patients, as well as to optimise health care. These trainees were formerly employed by the hospital in positions such as cleaners. Even though they were then professionally trained, they were still remunerated as cleaners, for example. In addition to the two interpreters employed at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, another interpreter was employed on a full-time basis. Some departments within the hospital make use of their own interpreters, who are not employed by the hospital. Tygerberg Hospital has one officially employed interpreter who is a nursing assistant by profession, and who has received no training in interpreting whatsoever. The aim of this study was firstly to investigate interpreting practices within these three tertiary hospitals, and secondly to investigate the quality of the interpreted product delivered by the interpreters at these hospitals, whether on an ad hoc basis or as professionally trained interpreters. The outcomes of the quality of the interpreted product, measured against a quality table, were compared with the attitudes of medical practitioners, interpreters and patients present in an interpreting session. This was done to determine whether the actual quality of the interpreted product took precedence over the attitudes of the role players, or vice versa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die afgelope dekade het ’n aantal studies aangedui dat ad hoc-tolkdienste steeds die norm vir die gesondheidsektor binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsektor, veral in die Wes-Kaap, word hoofsaaklik gekenmerk deur Afrikaans- en Engelssprekende dokters, of mediese praktisyns oor die algemeen, wat nie hul Xhosasprekende pasiënte verstaan nie. Om hierdie taalgaping te oorbrug, word ad hoc-tolkdienste gebruik wat gelewer word deur ’n pasiënt se familielede, verpleegsters en soms selfs portiers of skoonmakers. Omdat hierdie ad hoc-tolke geen opleiding in tolkteorie en -praktyk ontvang het nie, is hulle geneig om kommunikasie te verdraai. Dit lei daartoe dat die gesondheidsorg wat die pasiënt kry, nie na wense is nie. Die gebrek aan kwaliteit van die gesondheidsorg wat die pasiënt ontvang, hou dus direk verband met die kwaliteit van die tolkuitinge of -produk wat die tolk lewer. Ten spyte daarvan dat ad hoc-tolke meer algemeen in die gesondheidsektor gebruik word, het sommige hospitale tolke aangestel wat professioneel opgelei is om die taalgaping te verminder. As gevolg van die wisselvallige gehalte van tolking in die gesondheidsektor en taalgapings tussen mediese praktisyns en pasiënte, het die National Language Project (NLP) in 1996 22 gemeenskapstolke opgelei wat in hospitale binne die Wes-Kaap geplaas sou word. Drie van hierdie tolke is by die Tygerberg Hospitaal geplaas, drie by die Groote Schuur Hospitaal en drie by die Rooikruis Kinderhospitaal. In 2008 was daar nie meer een van hierdie tolke by die Tygerberg Hospitaal nie, een was steeds in diens by die Groote Schuur Hospitaal en twee by die Rooikruis Kinderhospitaal. In 2007 het die Groote Schuur Hospitaal ’n behoefte geïdentifiseer om tolke op te lei en binne die hospitaal te plaas omdat daar ’n taalgaping was tussen mediese praktisyns en pasiënte, asook om gesondheidsorg te optimaliseer. Hierdie persone wat opleiding ontvang het, was voorheen in diens van die hospitaal as byvoorbeeld skoonmakers. Selfs nadat hulle professionele tolkopleiding ontvang het, het hulle steeds besoldiging as skoonmakers ontvang. Buiten die twee tolke wat by die Rooikruis Kinderhospitaal in diens is, is nog ’n tolk voltyds aangestel. Sommige departemente binne die hospitaal gebruik hul eie tolke wat nie deur die hospitaal aangestel is nie. Tygerberg Hospitaal het een amptelike tolk, wat eintlik ’n verpleegassistent is, en wat hoegenaamd geen tolkopleiding ontvang het nie. Hierdie studie het dit ten doel om tolkpraktyk eerstens binne bogenoemde drie tersiêre hospitale te ondersoek, en tweedens om die kwaliteit van die tolkproduk by hierdie hospitale te ondersoek, hetsy die opleiding op ’n ad hoc- of professionele basis geskied het. Die kwaliteit van die tolkproduk, gemeet teen ’n kwaliteitstabel, is vergelyk met die sienswyses van die mediese praktisyns, tolke en pasiënte wat teenwoordig was in ’n tolksessie, om te bepaal of die kwaliteit van die tolkproduk voorkeur geniet het bo die sienswyses van die rolspelers, en omgekeerd.
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Bvuma, Mugwambana Joseph. "Nkoka wa vuhundzuluxi eka matsalwa hi ku kongomisa eka tsalwa ra Macbeth : Nkandziyiso wa Xitsonga." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1678.
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Pineda, Kimberly Rose. "Intercultural communication in healthcare interpreting : an exploration of possibilities." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/754.
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This thesis will present an exploration of how healthcare interpreters utilize intercultural communication skills as they interact with cultural differences in their work. I will review the literature on healthcare interpreting, including provision laws, standards, codes of ethics, paradigms, and roles. I will focus on intercultural communication literature in order to demonstrate possible ways that it can be applied to the healthcare interpreting field. In order to better understand how intercultural communication is being used in healthcare interpreting, I will conduct interviews with healthcare interpreters who have had intercultural training. In conclusion, elements of a training framework will be introduced that could be developed in order to train advanced interpreters who are interested in using an intercultural approach in their work.
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Aigner, Ursula M. (Ursula Monika). "Intercultural communication : considerations and limitations as reflected in translation, with practical applications for Canadian refugee claimants." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22552.
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The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that communication involves more than just language. Culture is central in the process and must be taken into account in order for effective communication to be achieved. The emphasis is on translation and how it is actually a form of intercultural communication. A host of examples are provided to show how translation is severely limited and at times nonsensical when cultural factors are ignored.Intercultural communications is also discussed in detail to shed light on what is involved. The resulting arguments pertaining to the limitations inherent in translation and intercultural communication are then put into the context of refugee hearings in order to provide some practical applications and point to areas where communication may be deficient.
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Mullamaa, Kristina. "Towards a dynamic role conception of liaison interpreters : an ethnographic study of self-descriptions of practising liaison interpreters in Estonia /." Tartu : Tartu University Press, 2006. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9949114209.
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Wilkendorf, Patricia Lynn. "Training manual in exegetical principles for mother-tongue translators with application to the translation of 1 Corinthians 9:1-18." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Yan, Tsz-ting, and 甄芷婷. "A study of late Qing collaborative translation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47869355.
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Collaborative translation is one of the most practiced modes of intercultural
communication in Late Qing as in the general history of China. While collaborative
translation, as its prevalence suggests, is expected to have a direct and significant
bearing on the way a translation is produced, little attention has been paid to the
understanding of its nature, not least its influence on the shaping of translation
products. The present study endeavors to explore collaborative translation with three
specimens of acclaimed Late Qing translation. It will show that these translations,
produced collaboratively by teams of Western and Chinese translator, are instilled
with a fusion of the collaborator’s horizons, thus rendered as a hybrid monstrous both
to the source and the target cultures.
The first part of this thesis establishes the conceptual paradigm from which a probe
into the general practices of Late Qing collaborative translation derives. It argues that
collaborative translation, which generally operates as a cooperation between a
bilingual foreign translator and a monolingual local translator, allows considerable
latitude for the local translator to participate in the transference and building of exotic
knowledge, bringing about hybridity to the translation products. Resting upon the
premise of hybridity, the second part of this thesis conducts close analyses of the
selected translations on medicine, mathematics and chemistry, namely Quanti Xinlun,
Daiweiji Shiji and Huaxue Jianyuan. By reconstructing the actual manner of
operation through which these translations were produced, and by examining how
certain fundamental concepts of modern Western sciences were rendered into
Chinese, this part forms a critical study of the agency of the Chinese translator, who,
as will be shown, selectively interprets and reshapes the body of knowledge to be
transmitted in a direction presumably unintended by his Western counterpart, thereby
creating a hybrid materialized as a blend of horizons between the two collaborators,
and in consequence a new entity of scientific concepts different from those in the
West and in China.
The purpose of this study, that is to say, is to explore the agency of translators in the
act of translation by positing collaborative translation as a site of observation, where
cultural entanglement is both theoretically and empirically conspicuous. It is hoped
that this study will on one hand foster our understanding of collaborative translation
in Late Qing, and on the other, reveal further the agency of translators in intercultural
communication.published_or_final_version
Chinese
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Chen, Sheng-jie. "Teaching and learning in a non-language-specific interpreter training course /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Woods, Nancy. "Translation technique of Zechariah 9-14 a study based on Codex Vaticanus /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Ntuli, Thomas Phaswana. "Quality interpreting service : the parliament of SA as a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20002.
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Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012.The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpreting services in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA). The impetus to embark on such an investigation arose after Members of Parliament claimed that the interpreting service in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA) is poor. In seeking to determine why Members of Parliament made such claims, I therefore investigated the interpreting service rendered by staff of Parliament’s Interpreting Unit. Consequently, an investigation to whether the simultaneous interpreters currently employed by Parliament of South Africa possess the amalgam of skills attributes and qualifications necessary for them to render an interpreting service of good quality. Questionnaires were distributed to Members of Parliament and to interpreters, interviews were conducted with Control Language Practitioners (CLPs), observation of recruitment panels for interpreters also followed, and interpreters were recorded during the sitting of Parliament House in an attempt to check whether interpreters do deliver an interpreting service that is up to standard. The results of this study show that Members of Parliament have a valid claim as 65% of the sample of interpreters had joined Parliament without interpreting skills and had, to date, never been sent for interpreting training and most interpreters are demoralised by the working conditions of the Language Services Section at the Parliament of South Africa.
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Uegaki, Wataru Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Interpreting questions under attitudes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99318.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 215-221).
Abstract This dissertation concerns three kinds of variability that pose challenges for the compositional semantics of question-embedding sentences: (i) lexical variation among clause-embedding predicates with respect to the selection of complement types, (ii) variability in the exhaustivity of embedded questions and (iii) variability in the veridicality of embedded questions. Based on the proposal that declarative complements of question-embedding predicates are limiting cases of embedded questions, this dissertation presents a compositional-semantic analysis of question embedding sentences that can correctly predict the three kinds of variability above. According to the proposal, the complement selection is determined solely by the semantic type of the embedding predicate. The variability in exhaustivity and veridicality of embedded questions follows from a unified semantic derivation, namely one involving exhaustification at the matrix level once the lexical semantics of the embedding predicate is taken into account.
by Wataru Uegaki.
Ph. D.
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Wong, Chi-Keung, and 黃志強. "Translating "The book of changes" in nineteenth century Britain." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45697607.
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Sio, In San. "Translating Chinese humor in movie subtitles : a case study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2525504.
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Machali, Rochayah. "The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation." Australia : Macquarie University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/44598.
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"March 1990".Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, School of English & Linguistics, 1991.
Bibliography: leaves 219-221.
PART ONE: Research preliminaries -- The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation -- Research methodology -- Theoretical orientation to the analysis of translation and texts -- The profile of major discourse types in Bahasa Indonesia -- PAERT TWO: Chapters of analysis -- The translation of procedural discourses -- The translation of hortatory discourses -- The translation of expository discourses -- The translation of narrative discourses -- PART THREE: Chapters of discussion -- Synthesis of translation shifts -- Translation types and translation equivalence at the textual level -- PART FOUR: Concluding chapter -- Conclusion and implications.
The study focuses on translation shifts, on their occurrence and their consequences, and especially how they relate to the question of equivalence in translation. For this purpose, eight Indonesian source language texts (SLTs) and eighty English translations (TLTs) were analysed, in terms of their, notional and prominent text features, rhetorical purpose, cohesion, topic-comment structures, and topical progression. The results of the analysis show how translators' behaviour and reactions to the SLTs vary, as indicated by divergencies in their translations. The variations indicate the kinds of shift fostered in the translation: obligatory and/or optional. -- Another fruit of the study is the identification of a number of shiftsensitive items in Indonesian grammar, such as /DI-/, /NG-/, /-LAH/. The textual effects of the shifts vary from the localized shift of interpersonal tenor to global shifts affecting text type and sub-type, and even to shifts of referential meaning. Although the shifts of text type and of sub-type show a tendency towards directness and neutrality, the shifts raise the question of whether or not the resulting TLTs can be considered as justified translations and as translation equivalences. The answer is the need to postulate a more flexible and wider view of equivalence, whilst setting up limits to acceptance of shifts which cause mistranslations, i.e shifts of referential meaning. This view provides a basis for distinguishing translation from adaptation and from mistranslation, a distinction which has hitherto been taken for granted in translation and in the training of translators. -- Appendices containing the TL texts (the SL texts are presented in each chapter of analysis) are presented at the back of the thesis. There is also a glossary of terms used in the study.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
viii, 250 leaves
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Mpahlwa, Matthew Xola. "Language policy and practice in Eastern Cape courtrooms with reference to interpretation in selected cases." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018658.
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This study seeks to find what problems and process of interpreting are experienced by professional interpreters in the criminal justice system in South Africa. This study commences with an outlook of the origins and development of types of interpretation and then proceeds with critical review of scholarly literature dealing with interpretation in multilingual courtroom. This study explores the flawed language policy and its impracticality for the Eastern Cape courtrooms. This study undertakes a critical analysis of the current legislation (Bills & Acts).This study explores the extent to which the court automatic review proceedings act as a gatekeeper in ensuring against prejudice that can result in the non-use and use of indigenous languages in the trial courtroom within the Eastern Cape jurisdiction. Furthermore this study focuses on cases taken for review based on mis-understanding, mis-communication and wrongful interpretation that result in irregularities that appear on court records. This study also investigates the primary barriers for the use of African languages as languages of record in the courtroom. An eclectic sociolinguistic approach which encompasses the ethnography of speaking, and discourse analysis (observation in the courtroom) is used as a methodology in this study. Furthermore, the analysis of case-law forms part of the methodology alongside court observation.This study saw court actors from different spheres of the legal profession give their personal views and encounters with regards the art and the state of court interpreting in the province of the Eastern Cape.This state of affairs may have disastrous and far-reaching effects in that incorrect and/or imperfect translation may relate to the very facts that are crucial for the determination of the case. At the end recommendations are given on how to remedy the current state of affairs.
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Ouyang, Qian Hua. "Constructing a model for meaning-dimension interpreting quality assessment : from SFL perspective." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586547.
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Kuan, Nga Iam Joanna. "Investigating the practicability of using CAT system and TM :a case study of C-E translation of informative text by SDL Trados 2015." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954469.
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Al-Bustan, Suad Ahmed. "Quality and efficiency factors in translation." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1068/.
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