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1
Welch, J. T. "Translating relay ladder logic for CCM solving." IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 13, no. 1 (1997): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/70.554356.
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Welch, John T. "Translating unrestricted relay ladder logic into Boolean form." Computers in Industry 20, no. 1 (January 1992): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(92)90126-8.
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Guo, Jia Rong, Ran Feng, Zhuo Bi, and Mei Hua Xu. "A Compiler for Ladder Diagram to Multi-Core Dataflow Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 462 (February 2012): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.368.
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Multi-core and dataflow architecture recently researched on parallel computing can well satisfy the requirement of high-performance for PLC processors handling program by exploiting parallelism in the program. But the compiler translating the ladder diagram program into the instructions of the architecture has not been yet developed. For the problem, the paper presents a compiler aiming at editing a ladder diagram which is one of programming languages of PLC and then compiling it into instructions of multi-core function-level dataflow architecture. The compiler takes row doubly linked list as internal representation of a ladder diagram, and logic binary tree as intermediate representation during the process of compiling according to similarity of the binary tree to function-level dataflow graph, written in java.
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Iguchi, A. "Translating Grace: The Scala Claustralium and A Ladder of Foure Ronges." Review of English Studies 59, no. 242 (October 25, 2007): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgn001.
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Milosavljevic, Boris. "Basic philosophical texts in Medieval Serbia." Balcanica, no. 39 (2008): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0839079m.
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Medieval Serbian philosophy took shape mostly through the process of translating Byzantine texts and revising the Slavic translations. Apart from the Aristotelian terminological tradition, introduced via the translation of Damascene?s Dialectic, there also was, under the influence of the Corpus Areopagiticum and ascetic literature, notably of John Climacus? Ladder, another strain of thought originating from Christian Platonism. Damascene?s philosophical chapters, or Dialectic, translated into medieval Serbian in the third quarter of the fourteenth century, not only shows the high standards of translation technique developed in Serbian monastic scriptoria, but testifies to a highly educated readership interested in such a complex theologico-philosophical text with its nuanced terminology. A new theological debate about the impossibility of knowing God led to Gregory Palamas? complex text, The Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. Philosophical texts were frequently copied and much worked on in medieval Serbia, but it is difficult to infer about the actual scope of their influence on the formation and articulation of the worldview of medieval society. As a result of their demanding theoretical complexity, the study of philosophy was restricted to quite narrow monastic, court and urban circles. However, the strongest aspect of the influence of Byzantine thought on medieval society was the liturgy as the central social event of the community. It was through the liturgy that the wording of the translated texts influenced the life of medieval Serbian society.
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Tan, Aiguo, and Changjiang Ju. "The Application of Maze algorithm in Translating Ladder Diagram into Instruction Lists of Programmable Logical Controller." Procedia Engineering 15 (2011): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.052.
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Mack, Thomas. "A Simple Parametric Model for Rating Automobile Insurance or Estimating IBNR Claims Reserves." ASTIN Bulletin 21, no. 1 (April 1991): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.21.1.2005403.
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AbstractIt is shown that there is a connection between rating in automobile insurance and the estimation of IBNR claims amounts because automobile insurance tariffs are mostly cross-classified by at least two variables (e.g. territory and driver class) and IBNR claims run-off triangles are always cross-classified by the two variables accident year and development year. Therefore, by translating the most well-known automobile rating methods into the claims reserving situation, some known and some unknown claims reserving methods are obtained. For instance, the automobile rating method of Bailey and Simon produces a new claims reserving method, whereas the model leading to the rating method called “marginal totals” produces the well-known IBNR claims estimation method called “chain ladder”. A drawback of this model is the fact that it is designed for the number of claims and not for the total claims amount for which it is usually applied.As an alternative for both, rating and claims reserving, we describe a simple but realistic parametric model for the total claims amount which is based on the Gamma distribution and has the advantage of providing the possibility of assessing the goodness-of-fit and calculating the estimation error. This method is not very well known in automobile insurance—although a satisfactory application is reported—and seems to be completely unknown in the field of claims reserving, although its execution is nearly as simple as that of the chain ladder method.
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Celis, Sebastian, Mohamed Farhat, Abdullah S. Almansouri, Hakan Bagci, and Khaled N. Salama. "Simplified Modal-Cancellation Approach for Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Narrow-Band Filter Design." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060962.
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Current substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) filter design methodologies can be extremely computational and time-inefficient when a narrow-band filter is required. A new approach to designing compact, highly selective narrow-band filters based on smartly positioned obstacles is thus presented here. The proposed modal-cancellation approach is achieved by translating or eliminating undesired modes within the frequency of interest. This is performed by introducing smartly located obstacles in the maxima and nulls of the modes of interest. This approach is different from the traditional inverter technique, where a periodic number of inductive irises are coupled in a ladder configuration to implement the desired response of an nth-order filter, and significantly reduces the complexity of the resulting filter structure. Indeed, the proposed method may be used to design different filters for several frequency bands and various applications. The methodology was experimentally verified through fabricated prototypes.
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Zehnder, Christian. "Norwid's "tatarski czyn". Between hierarchy and eruption (semantics, contexts, and consequences)." Studia Norwidiana 37 English Version (2020): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sn.2019.37-2en.
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Drawing on a scholarly polemic of the 1930s, this paper differentiates between two ways of understanding and translating Cyprian Norwid’s formula “tatarski czyn,” as ‘Tatar deed’ (from the Polish czyn) or as ‘Tatar rank’ (from the Russian chin according to the Tsarist Table of Ranks). The aim is to show how the eruptive versus the hierarchical readings of “tatarski czyn” have influenced the opinions on Norwid’s dialogic treatise Promethidion (1851) and, more generally, on his criticism of the utopian thought of Polish Romanticism and of Russian po-litics. It was Adam Mickiewicz who in the 1820s and 1830s pointed to the homonymy between czyn and chin and its potential in enacting ambivalences between the seemingly incommensurable imaginaries of eruption and hierarchy. Moreover, Mickiewicz already linked both understandings of czyn with a stereotypical Tatar, or Mongolian, “Asianness.” In this respect, Norwid’s formula is fairly conventional. What is genuinely original, however, is how Norwid turns Mickiewicz’s earlier ideas against those of the later Mickiewicz who, in his Paris Lectures on the Slavs (1840–1844), seems to glorify the “Tatar deed.” In contrast to the “bloody ladder” of Russian bureaucracy and the irrational tendency in Mickiewicz’s activism, Norwid suggests a “gradual labor” culminating in, not erupting with, the deed (Promethidion). This aspect of Norwid’s metaphorical thought is shown in a parallel reading with the philosopher August Cieszkowski who, in his Prolegomena to Historiosophy (1838), conceptualized history as a “texture of deeds” leading to institutions. Similarly, Norwid’s positive notion of the deed, i.e. his revision of Romantic activism, should be situated beyond the alternatives of eruption and hierarchy.
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Afanasyeva, Tatiana I., Viacheslav V. Kozak, Georgii A. Molkov, Evgenii G. Sokolov, and Miliausha G. Sharikhina. "Language Innovations in Manuscripts Attributed to Cyprian the Metropolitan." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 14–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.1.
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This article deals with the language innovations characteristic of translations of the 14th century as represented in manuscripts regarded by scholars as emanating from the literary activities of Metropolitan Cyprian (†1406): the Ladder of Divine Ascent, the Psalter, and the works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite. The number of innovations is different for each of the texts listed above, the Psalter being the least innovative and the Ladder the most innovative text. Nevertheless the distribution of corrections in the Ladder seems to be irregular, with the initial part containing more innovations than the end of the codex. The works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite represented in MDA 144 (Russian State Library, Moscow) have nothing to do with Cyprian’s literary activities, for this manuscript is a copy of a translation made by Isaiah, a monk at the St. Panteleimonos Monastery on Mount Athos. The number of innovations in this translation lies between those seen in the Psalter and in the Ladder. Thus, a text attributed to the same person may differ significantly in terms of translation technique, which leads to the conclusion that the so-called attributional criterion is unreliable for a description of the written language of the 14th century. Along the same lines, such notions as the Athos norm and the Tarnovo norm are quite fluid and do not have any strictly defined borders. Therefore we suggest that these 14th-century translations have to be examined in the context of the degree to which they illustrate language innovations in a particular text. This criterion has been already successfully applied by M. G. Galchenko for a description of the orthographic features of the Second South Slavic Influence in Russian manuscripts of the 14th–15th centuries.
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Ovbiagele, Bruce. "HEADS-UP: Understanding and Problem-Solving." Stroke 51, no. 11 (November 2020): 3375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.032442.
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There are substantial and longstanding inequities in stroke incidence, prevalence, care, and outcomes. The Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-Solving (HEADS-UP) symposium is an annual multidisciplinary scientific and educational forum targeting major inequities in cerebrovascular disease, with the ultimate objective of helping to bridge major inequities in stroke, and promptly translating scientific results into routine clinical practice, for the benefit of vulnerable and underserved populations. HEADS-UP is a collaborative undertaking by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the American Stroke Association and is held the day before the annual International Stroke Conference. In 2020, the HEADS-UP focused on the topic of racial/ethnic disparities in stroke and comprised invited lectures on determinants of racial/ethnic inequities in stroke as well as emerging interventions or promising strategies designed to overcome these inequities. Competitively selected travel award scholarships were given to 19 early stage investigators who presented posters at professor moderated sessions; engaged in several career development activities aimed imparting grant writing skills, knowledge about climbing the academic ladder, and striving for work-life balance; and participated in networking events. This Health Equity edition of Focused Updates will feature an overview of the HEADS-UP 2020 symposium proceedings and articles covering the key scientific content of the major lectures delivered during the symposium including the presentation by the award-winning plenary speaker. Starting in 2021, HEADS-UP will expand to include 5 major inequities in stroke (racial/ethnic, sex, geographic, socioeconomic, and global) and seeks to be a viable avenue to meet the health equity goals of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and World Stroke Organization.
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Glidewell, Christopher, George Ferguson, Richard M. Gregson, and Charles F. Campana. "Supramolecular chemistry of amine–phenol adducts; novel three-dimensional framework structures in adducts of bis(2-aminoethyl)amine with 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol, 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and in the methanol-solvated adduct of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine with 4,4′-biphenol." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 56, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199009714.
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Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine–4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol (1/3) (1) (orthorhombic Pccn with Z′ = 0.5) is a salt, [HN(CH2CH2NH3)2]2+.[O2S(C6H4O)2]2−.[O2S(C6H4OH)2]2, containing both dianionic and neutral bis-phenol units. The neutral and anionic bis-phenol units are linked by strong O—H...O− hydrogen bonds to form ladders built from R{_4}{^4}(48) rings: each ladder is interwoven with its two nearest neighbours to form a continuous two-dimensional sheet. The amine cations play two roles: they link each ladder to its two next-nearest neighbours by means of N—H...O hydrogen bonds and they also link each sheet to the two neighbouring sheets, again via N—H...O hydrogen bonds, thus generating a three-dimensional framework. Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine–1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane–methanol (1/4/1) (2) (triclinic P1¯ with Z′ = 0.5) consists entirely of neutral fragments. The tris-phenol units are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into molecular ladders built from R{_4}{^4}(48) rings: these ladders are linked by the amine units, firstly into sheets and thence into a three-dimensional framework. Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine–3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1/2) (3) (monoclinic P21/c with Z′ = 1) is a salt [HN(CH2CH2NH3)2]2+.[{(HO)2C6H3COO}−]2. The 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate anions are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into interwoven and cross-connected (001) sheets linked by further O—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework. The (001) sheets are further linked by ladders formed from both cations and anions. Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine–4,4′-biphenol–methanol (1/3/1), (4) (monoclinic P21), is a salt [{(H2NCH2CH2)2N(CH2CH2NH3)}+]2.[OC6H4C6H4O]2−.[HOC6H4C6H4OH]5.[MeOH]2, with Z′ = 1. The asymmetric unit, containing ten independent molecular components, can be regarded as a supermolecule held together by a total of 13 independent hydrogen bonds, of O—H...O, O—H...N and N—H...O types. The supermolecules are linked by O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds into two-dimensional sheets, generated by translation; further N—H...O hydrogen bonds around the 21 screw axes link neighbouring sheets together into a three-dimensional framework.
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Ingelbien, Raphaël. "Single or Return, Ladies? The Politics of Translating and Publishing Heine on Shakespeare." Comparative Critical Studies 16, no. 2-3 (October 2019): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2019.0326.
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This article contrasts two English translations of Heinrich Heine's Shakspeares Mädchen und Frauen (1838), produced by Charles Godfrey Leland (1891) and Ida Benecke (1895), which are now regularly (though randomly) quoted in Shakespeare scholarship. The comparison sheds light on different strategies involved in translating a text as an independent document or as part of a ‘Collected Works’ series. The discrepancies between publication contexts are correlated with differences between domesticating and foreignizing approaches, and with the diverging appreciations of Heine's place within Shakespeare criticism that such choices entail. The translators' gender politics are also shown to affect their renderings of Heine's text on female characters in Shakespeare, which was itself indebted to a book by Anna Jameson (1832). Finally, cultural transfer theory and histoire croisée are used to explore a ‘re-transfer’ that involved British Shakespeare critics, an atypical Jewish-German writer who drew on their work, and Heine's ‘English’ translators. The article highlights the necessary imbrication of translation studies and book history in the analysis of complex transcultural forms of textual production, of which Shakespeare criticism is paradigmatic.
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Kugel, James. "The Ladder of Jacob." Harvard Theological Review 88, no. 2 (April 1995): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000030303.
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One of the strangest texts to be included in recent collections of biblical pseudepigrapha is that known as the Ladder of Jacob. Known only from the Slavonic Tolkovaya Paleya, this text elaborates on the story of Jacob's dream at Bethel in Gen 28:11–22, adding details to the vision described there and containing a prayer and angelic revelation nowhere present in the biblical narrative. It is clear that the Slavonic text is a translation from Greek; it appears likely to me that the Greek is itself a translation from an original Aramaic or Hebrew text dating from, roughly speaking, the Second Temple period.
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Böttrich, Christfried. "A New Approach to the Apocryphal Ladder of Jacob." Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 28, no. 3 (March 2019): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951820719832428.
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For a long time the apocryphal Ladder of Jacob was accessible only in arbitrarily selected translations. Without a critical edition and a comprehensive study of the whole textual segment, scholars were unable to evaluate its significance for Early Jewish and Christian literature. Since 2015/17, with the publication of a new critical edition and German translation (accompanied by a detailed introduction, footnote commentaries and appendices with related texts), a new approach to this important but hitherto widely unknown text has been made possible. This approach verifies the different layers or strata in the text, which are: a supposed Jewish apocalypse (mid-second century), a Christian expansion of the angels speech in light of the praeparatio evangelica tradition (fourth–seventh centuries), a Jewish mystical prayer (eleventh century) and the incorporation of this narrative block into the Tolkovaja Paleja together with a series of exegetical commentaries (end of the thirteenth century). In the light of the new approach, it can be said that the Ladder of Jacob is most of all an outstanding example of mutual relations between Jewish and Christian theology.
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King, Phil. "Ladders and Wheels: Comparing Metaphors for Bible Translation in the Context of Sustainability." Bible Translator 69, no. 1 (April 2018): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677018755576.
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Different underlying metaphors may be used to think about Bible translation activities. Such conceptual metaphors highlight certain aspects and hide others. Bible translation has often been conceptualized through a ladder metaphor, with a beginning, endpoint, and linear steps to reach that goal. However, in the current context of Bible translation movements, with increased emphasis on sustainability and engagement, and supported by technological advances, alternative metaphors may lead to new insights. This paper explores some implications of ladder-thinking, and suggests some benefits of reconceptualizing Bible translation activities with a wheel metaphor, where the emphasis is on continuing movement rather than “reaching the top.” The metaphors are compared in the contexts of drafting, publishing and distribution, training, planning, and overall engagement with Bible translation movements.
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Popova, Tatiana G. "Old Testament Names in the Text of the Ladder of John Climacus." Вопросы Ономастики 19, no. 2 (2022): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2022.19.2.017.
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The paper explores twenty-one Old Testament names found in the text of the translated monument of early Slavic writing, the Ladder of John Climacus. These personal names are a special kind of biblical quotations referring to the events of the Holy History. The study builds on a comparative analysis of the Greek text of the Ladder according to the publication in Patrologia Graeca (Vol. 88) and the text of the oldest Russian manuscript of the 12th century. The author looks to identify various strategies of delivering biblical citations used by the author, translator and scribe of the book, which is explained by the absence of the canonical text of the Holy Scriptures and the long history of existence of the Ladder in Byzantine and Slavic book literature. The article follows research on the collective church memory of medieval scribes which manifests itself in the commonality of topics, images, plots, ideas, and expressions that go back to the text of the Bible. The novelty of the work lies in incorporating new linguistic material extracted both from the text published in Patrologia Graeca and from the texts of unpublished Byzantine and Slavic codes. Personal names found in the Greek text of the Ladder (Jacob, Moses, David, Job, Lot, Adam) allude to key symbolic images and reveal several functions of the Old Testament anthroponyms in the Ladder texts: referential, symbolic, emphatic and indexical. Observations on the text of the translation evidenced to the high skill and erudition of the author of the first Slavic translation but at the same time revealed a translation error (new Adam), which was obviously caused by illegible or incorrect reading in the Greek version used as a source text for the translation. Contrastingly, the Russian manuscript under study showcases spelling inconsistencies in relation to Old Testament names as well as multiple errors and omissions of the names of characters. These are the result of multiple copies of the book made by inattentive and inexperienced scribes, one of whom was the scribe of the oldest surviving manuscript of the Ladder, created two centuries after the first translation appeared.
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Каширина, В. В. "The history of the preparation for publication of “The Ladder” in the translation of Optina Pustyn." Theological Herald, no. 4(31) (October 15, 2018): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2500-1450-2018-31-4-239-260.
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В статье рассматривается история подготовки к изданию переводов «Лествицы», выполненных в Оптиной пустыни, где во второй половине XIX в. сложилась перевод- ческая школа, продолжающая традиции прп. Паисия Величковского. В 1862 г. были опубликованы две редакции перевода: оптинская редакция перевода «Лествицы» прп. Паисия на славянский язык и перевод «Лествицы» на русский язык. В переводческой деятельности монастыря участвовали прп. Макарий Оптинский, прп. Амвросий Оптинский, о. Леонид (Кавелин), о. Ювеналий (Половцев), о. Климент (Зедергольм). Из светских лиц активное участие в издательской деятельности принимали И. В. Киреевский и Н. П. Киреевская и др. Постоянно поддерживал и принимал непосредственное участие в книгоиздательской деятельности митрополит Московский Филарет (Дроздов). In this article the A. analyzes the history of the preparation for publication of “The Ladder” of St. John Climacus in the edition of Optina Pustyn, where in the second half of the nineteenthcentury there was a translation school, which continued the tradition of St. Paisius Velichkovsky. In 1862 there were published two editions of translation of “The Ladder”: the editors of Optina translation of “The Ladder” by St. Paisius and a translation into the Russian language. St.Macarius of Optina, St. Ambrose of Optina, Leonidus (Kavelin), Yuvenaly (Polovtsev), Kliment (Zedergolm) and I. V. Kireevsky, N. P. Kireevskaya etc. and also metropolitan of Moscow Philaretus (Drozdov) participated in the translation activities of Optina Pustyn.
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Connor, Steven. "Terry Eagleton's Divine Comedy." Theory Now. Journal of Literature, Critique, and Thought 5, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/tn.v5i2.24633.
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This essay reflects on the links between comedy and religion in Terry Eagle- ton’s writing since 2000. It proposes that religious thought provides the same kind of occasion and imperative to take comedy seriously as Marxist theory had done earlier in Eagleton’s career. The essay argues that the connecting principle between Marxism, Catholicism, criticism and comedy is the body, especially in its conjoining of absurdity and abasement. It proposes that comedy is best regarded as the enactment of the fantasy of cognitive omnipotence, or the abstract will-to-enjoyment in constant search for occasions. We therefore likely joke for the same reason as we pray, for the pleasure of getting above ourselves, which includes the gratifying prospect of seeing ourselves tumbling off the ladder, which might be a slapstick translation of the felix culpa, or fortunate fall. If Eagleton’s critical comedy is officially offered as a salutory foretaste of the pleasure of redemption, its gratifications seem always also to lie down where all the ladders start, in suffering and finitude.
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Ferguson, George, Christopher Glidewell, Richard M. Gregson, and Emma S. Lavender. "Crystal engineering using bisphenols: interwoven ladders, sheet and framework structures in the binary adducts of 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol with pyrazine (2/1), 4,4′-bipyridyl (1/1), trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (1/1), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (1/1) and 4,4′-trimethylenedipyridine (1/1), and in 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol–4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine–water (2/2/1)." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 55, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199002645.
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The structures of six hydrogen-bonded adducts of 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol with heteroaromatic amines have been determined. In 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol–pyrazine (2/1) the pyrazine molecules lie across centres of inversion. The bisphenol molecules are linked into C(8) chains parallel to [100] by means of O—H...O=S hydrogen bonds, and antiparallel pairs of these chains are cross-linked by the pyrazine molecules, via O—H...N hydrogen bonds, to form molecular ladders containing R_6^6(50) rings between the rungs of the ladders. Each ladder is interwoven with two neighbouring ladders, thus producing a continuous two-dimensional sheet. The structure of 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol–4,4′-bipyridyl (1/1) consists of spiral C_2^2(21) chains parallel to [010] containing alternating bisphenol and bipyridyl molecules linked by O—H...N hydrogen bonds: these chains are linked by two types of C—H...O hydrogen bonds which form C(5) chains along [001] and C_2^2(10) chains along [101], thus generating two interconnected nets characterized in the one case by a chequerboard pattern of R_6^6(44) and R_6^6(52) rings, and in the other by a single type of R_6^6(46) ring. 4,4′-Sulfonyldiphenol–trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (1/1) [systematic name: 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol–trans-4,4′-vinylenedipyridine (1/1)] and 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol–1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (1/1) [systematic name: 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol–trans-4,4′-ethylenedipyridine (1/1)] are isomorphous: the 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene component exhibits orientational disorder, corresponding approximately to a 180° rotation of ca 23% of the molecules about the N...N vector; in each compound the structure is built from C_2^2(23) chains of alternating bisphenol and bis(pyridyl) molecules connected by O—H...N hydrogen bonds, running parallel to [112] and generated by translation. The [112] chains are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds which generate C_2^2(12) chains parallel to [101], so forming a two-dimensional net built from R_6^6(50) rings. The structure of 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol–4,4′-trimethylenedipyridine (1/1) consists of C_2^2(24) chains parallel to [100] generated by translation and consisting of alternating bisphenol and bis(pyridyl) molecules linked by O—H...N hydrogen bonds. Pairs of such chains are coiled together to form double helices, and pairs of such double helices, of opposite hand, are linked together by paired C—H...O hydrogen bonds in R_2^2(10) rings to form pairs of interwoven ladders in which the C_2^2(24) chains form the uprights and the R_2^2(10) rings form the rungs, between which are R_6^6(50) rings: an R_2^2(10) ring belonging to one ladder lies at the centre of an R_6^6(50) ring belonging to the other. 4,4′-Sulfonyldiphenol–4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine–water (2/2/1) is a salt, 2C13H27N_2^+·2C12H9O4S−·H2O, containing two independent singly protonated diamine cations, two independent bisphenolate anions, and neutral water molecules. The two independent diamine cations are linked by N—H...N hydrogen bonds into C_2^2(24) chains running parallel to [001] and generated by translation, and each type of bisphenolate anion forms an independent spiral C(12) chain, also parallel to [001]. The three types of chain are linked by the water molecules: the two types of bisphenolate chain are linked by water molecules acting as double donors in O—H...O− hydrogen bonds in a C_6^4(32) chain parallel to [100], thus generating a two-dimensional net built from R_8^6(56) rings; the diamine chains are linked to these nets by means of N—H...O hydrogen bonds in which the water molecules act as acceptors and further hydrogen bonds, of N—H...O− and N—H...O=S types, link these two-dimensional nets into a continuous three-dimensional framework.
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Nanri, Takayuki, and Eiji Kamiya. "Automatic Translation Tool from Ladder Diagram into Petri Net." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 118, no. 9 (1998): 1099–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.118.1099.
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Medvid, T. "SYSTEM OF B. TRYCHKOV CONSCIOUS MUSICAL SINGING AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ MUSICAL ABILITIES." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 27 (June 20, 2023): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2023.27.282144.
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The article considers the essence of the system of conscious musical singing “Stolbitsa” (“Ladder”) by the Bulgarian teacher B. Trychkov and names his followers: B. Bochev, P. Boyadzhiev, V. Mirchev, K. Stoykov. The role of the didactic method “Ladder” in the development of the musical abilities of students of secondary schools is revealed. The meaning of the term “ladder” in the Bulgarian translation is explained. It is revealed why B. Trichkov calls his method so. It is shown that they contain visual aids called “Ladder” and what are drawing exercises and diagram exercises.
The tasks and forms of work proposed by B. Trichkov in his system according to the age categories of schoolchildren, in particular, first-fourth-grade students, are highlighted. It is indicated what is the most expedient period for “conscious musical singing”. Musical-didactic games are offered, which can be used in this period to stimulate the activity of students during the study of notes. The two main stages of reading the musical text according to the system of B. Trychkov (gradual and abrupt) are analyzed. The order of studying the steps in the process of mastering the scale by the “Ladder” method is indicated.
Five stages of gradual intonation of scale sounds are described; the role of two-part singing in the “Ladder” system is revealed. The reason for B. Trichkov’s criticism of Western European methods “Tonworth” and “Tonic DO” is explained; the significance of the “Bulgarian ladder” and didactic method “Ladder” in the development of musical abilities of students of secondary schools of Ukraine at the present stage is revealed.
The research was facilitated by the content analysis of domestic and foreign methodological literature, scientific sources, and periodicals.
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Georgievna, Popova. "The Serbian manuscripts of the lader of divine ascent of St. John Sinaites (14th c.)." Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, no. 82 (2016): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif1682019g.
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The Ladder of Divine Ascent of St. John Sinaites has been very popular among the Slaves in the Middle Ages. From the 14th century 66 manuscripts were kept, 29 of them are Serbian. Not less than seven ancient manuscripts are kept in the National Library of Serbia (in the collections of the monasteries of Decani and Pec and in the New collection). Two manuscripts are kept in the library of the University of Belgrade, in the collection of manuscripts Lesnovo monastery. Five Serbian manuscripts of the Ladder are kept in the Russian National Library (St. Petersburg). Three ancient Serbian books of the Ladder are kept in Moscow, in the Russian State Library. Six ancient Serbian manuscripts of the Ladder are kept in the libraries of Mount Athos: four in the Hilandar monastery and two in the Zograf monastery. Four manuscripts of the Serbian Ladder are kept in Bucharest, in the Library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. One ancient manuscript is kept in Macedonia, in the Ohrid National Museum. One Serbian book of the Ladder is kept in Paris, in the Slavic Fund of the French National Library. Of course, the former number of ancient Serbian manuscripts of the Ladder was much more than 29. The Serbian manuscripts preserved all ancient Slavonic translations of the Ladder: Preslav (in two versions), Tarnovo, Serbian (in two versions) and Athos. The author gives a description of each manuscript, names its location, dating and the related manuscripts. The Ladder as a book has many components. The basics of this book are the Life of St. John Sinaites and his message to John of Raif and 30 homilies. In the Slavic tradition we added a lot of new texts to this, not Greek but Slavic. One of these texts is the dictionary ?Tolkovanie recem?. According to our observations, this dictionary appeared in the Serbian book culture not later than the second half of the 14th century. The text of this dictionary began to appear separately from the Ladder very early as a part of the ascetic Sammelbands. An example is a Sammelband of the library of the Hilandar Monastery, number 455. The text of this dictionary is in the appendix of the article.
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Gagnon, Denis, and Lynn Drapeau. "Les échelles catholiques comme exemples de métissage religieux des ontologies chrétiennes et amérindiennes." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 44, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): 178–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429815580788.
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The discovery of a unique version of Lacombe’s Catholic Ladder annotated in the Innu language, and in use in the middle of the 20th century among the St Laurence North Shore Innus (who were known as Montagnais from the 17th to the 20th century), gives us opportunities to question again the production history of these illustrated catechism posters, which served as tools of conversion. After showing the connection between this “Catholic ladder” and aboriginal selective writing practices, we look at the rich history of the tradition from its emergence on the Pacific Coast to its spread throughout world Catholic missions from the middle of the 19th until the middle of the 20th century. We also present a commented translation of the Innu annotation of Lacombe’s Ladder and show that the origin of its success among Aboriginal peoples is that it transmits a Christian content using a symbolic method of spreading knowledge that is typically aboriginal. The Ladder is a product of religious “ métissage” (cultural mixing or cultural combination) between Catholic and aboriginal religions, and it is this “ métissage” that has led to its international success.
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Yi, Yan, and Zhang Hang Ping. "A New Translation Algorithm from Ladder Diagrams to Instruction Lists." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 14804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.02506.
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Ruiz, Patricia, and Bernabé Dorronsoro. "A Novel CAD Tool for Electric Educational Diagrams." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040810.
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Computer-aided design (CAD) is a technological revolution, very powerful and with large applicability to problem solving. It is essential in many different disciplines ranging from architecture to education, medicine, physics, or gaming. In this work, we propose a novel CAD tool, called CADDi, to assist in the design of electric diagrams in the educational context. We are applying the theory of formal languages to create WDLang, an easy-to-use, highly expressive, unequivocal, and correct programming language for designing electric circuits. This programming language is the cornerstone of CADDi, which automatically generates the equivalent ladder diagram (explains the circuit operation) to the programmed circuit, offering additional features that allow analysis of its functionality in an interactive way. It also offers a graphical interface to directly design ladder diagrams, or to modify the automatically generated ones. The existing electrical CAD tools are either very simple, e.g., for creating good-looking diagrams with no functionality, or too complex, for professional systems design. CADDi is extremely useful for learning purposes. It assists users on how to generate ladder diagrams, and on understanding the behavior of electrical circuits. Additionally, it serves as an assessment tool for self-evaluation in the translation from wiring diagrams to ladder ones. In order to make CADDi highly accessible, it was implemented as a web page.
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Chen, Xinyi, Ruohan Li, and Zhaojun Liu. "Analysis of Feminism in the Male Image of Chinese Versions of Pride and Prejudice Done by Translators of Different Genders." BCP Education & Psychology 8 (February 27, 2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v8i.4269.
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Feminist Translation is an important research topic of our times. Meanwhile, this trend is gaining increasing attention in China. However, the research on male images in female literature remains insufficient, since those male characters pale easily in comparison with those gorgeous ladies in feminist translation studies. Therefore, the authors choose as the research subject male images in translations of Pride and Prejudice as it seeks to analyze the influence of feminism on male and female translators. To achieve this, the authors carry out a contrast analysis of the language of two Chinese versions of Pride and Prejudice, done respectively by Mr. Wang Keyi and Ms. Lei Limei. The main logic behind our research method is that nuances in translation can give insight into translators' opinions. As a result, readers can detect the influence of feminism on translators, by comparing the expressions used to interpret male figures of a shared original text. In the third part, the authors conclude that gender plays a certain role in translations: male images created by women tend to be more in line with that of the original text, while gentlemen interpreted by men correspond mostly with that of social cognition. Given this, the authors analyze, at the end of this paper, translators’ personal experiences and historical background as a way to seek reasons for these differences.
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Sahakyan, Davit, and Gurgen Karapetyan. "The Language of Translation." Translation Studies: Theory and Practice 2, no. 2 (4) (December 20, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/tstp/2022.2.2.016.
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The paper discusses the translatorial attitudes to language applied by the translator during the process of translation. It views two types of 'language'- "language and its discourses" (language proper) and "discourses and its language" (langue), respectively ascribing them as prescriptivist and descriptivist approaches to interlingual transfer and argues that a solely prescriptivist approach to any text based on the linguistic material of the language without considering the larger discourse wherein the text is portrayed delimits or alters the original content and leads to aberrations from the source context and discourse. The paper posits that much higher levels of inter-lingual and inter-discursive equivalence can be accomplished by the translators when descriptivism and prescriptivism as translation approaches are applied in a combined (successive, and not amalgamated) form. The paper substantiates the complementarity of these two by using the indivisibility and unexclusiveness of the plains of content and expression further elaborated in the stranding of "language" and "discourse" as a single genetic ladder allowing endless transfer and interaction between the two. The paper then goes on to discuss the relationship between "language" and "language" (discourse) by offering a combined, complex approach to translation.
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Wallace, Jennifer. "Ladies’ Greek: Victorian Translations of Tragedy." Modern Language Quarterly 79, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-4368265.
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Popova, Tatiana G. "Christian Monasteries of the East of the 6th-7th Centuries in the “Sacred Space” of The Ladder of Divine Ascent by John Climacus." Imagologiya i komparativistika, no. 17 (2022): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/17/7.
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The article studies the translation of The Ladder of Divine Ascent by John Climacus with the aim to name historical evidence and facts about the life in Eastern monasticism of the 6th-7th centuries, described in this work of literature. The author uses the term “sacred space” to define the residences of Egyptian monks described by John Climacus. In total, The Ladder names four Christian monasteries (St. Catherine’s Monastery of Sinai, the Raifa Monastery, the Lavra of St. Savva the Sanctified, and the Tavennisi Monastery), Scetis, five places of monastic seclusion near St. Catherine’s Monastery of Sinai (Fola, Siddin, Arsilaia, and two unnamed places: the residence of St. Stephen on Mount Sinai and the residence of Isychii on Mount Khoriv). The names of three monasteries included in the “sacred space” are not given, though The Ladder contains vivid pictures of the life there. These are: 1) a monastery in Asia, where St. Acacius of Sinai lived; 2) a monastery in Pontus, where St. John the Silent lived; 3) a monastery near Alexandria, which plays the key role in the “sacred space” of The Ladder. This monastery owned a lavra and a metochion, used a prison. The name of the hegumen of this monastery is also unknown, though The Ladder presents him as an ideal collective vision of a senior priest: a sheperd, father, teacher, judge, doctor, helmsman, and artist. The symbolic key to understanding The Ladder is the Parable about the Good Shepherd and the Mercenary. The traits of a “good shepherd” The Ladder are epitomized by an anonymous hegumen of an anonymous monastery. Concealing the name of the hegumen, John Climacus names the monks who lived in this monastery (Isidore, Lawrence, Avvakir, Macedonian, Mina). In total, there were 330 monks, besides those were in the lavra or metochion. John Climacus privides a vibrant description of the life in this monastery, which he observed for two month, paying special attention to the description of the monastery prison. The monks voluntarily doom themselves to suffering in the prison, with their torments making the deepest impression on the medieval reader. These images can be found in various types of fine arts, in Byzantine hymnography and in other literary monuments, for example, in the “Testament” of the Kiev Metropolitan Constantine I, who ordered not to bury his body after death, but to drag it out to the wasteland and leave it to be torn apart by the street dogs. The question remains why the name of a huge monastery near Alexandria, whose hegumen enjoyed undoubted spiritual authority, has not been mentioned in The Ladder. Probably, the monastery was the spiritual center of Monothelitism, so that it was cursed and deleted from all sources, including The Ladder. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
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Popova, Tatiana G. "New Testament Names in the Text of the Ladder of John Climacus." Вопросы Ономастики 20, no. 2 (2023): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.2.022.
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The paper explores eleven New Testament names featured in the text of the Ladder by John Climacus, a translated monument of early Slavic writing. These personal names are a special kind of biblical quotations referring to the events of the holy history. The research is based on comparative analysis of the Greek texts of the Ladder published by Jacques Paul Migne (Patrologia Graeca, Vol. 88), four ancient Byzantine codes and five Slavic manuscripts which contain the first Slavic translation of the book made by Preslav scribes in the first half of the 10th century. The article follows research on the collective church memory of medieval scribes which manifests itself in the commonality of topics, images, plots, ideas, and expressions that go back to the text of the Bible. The New Testament characters that are featured in the Greek text of the Ladder and its Slavic traslations are: Jesus Christ, Mary, John the Baptist, John the Apostle, Lazarus, Peter, Paul, Timothy, Herod, Pontius Pilate, Judas. The author identifies the key biblical images in the Greek text of the Ladder (Jesus Christ and the supreme apostles Peter and Paul) and specifies the functions of New Testament names in the text: referential, symbolic, emphatic and indexical. The oldest Russian manuscript showcases spelling inconsistencies in relation to New Testament names as well as multiple errors indicating both the inexperience of the scribe and his poor knowledge of gospel stories. These errors were eliminated from the text of later manuscripts. The analysis identified four words that are absent in the historical dictionaries of the Russian and Old Slavonic languages (bezvrednitsa ‘dispassion’, besslovesne ‘wordlessly’, zluderzhanie ‘rancor’, suprotivpremeneniе ‘transformation’).
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Montoya, Alba, Braulio Insuasty, Justo Cobo, and Christopher Glidewell. "(E)-3-{4-[(7-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl}-1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one: a ladder-like structure resulting solely from π–π stacking interactions." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70, no. 7 (June 14, 2014): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614013588.
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In the title compound, C26H20ClNO3, the quinoline fragment is nearly orthogonal to the adjacent aryl ring, while the rest of the molecular skeleton is close to being planar. The crystal structure contains no hydrogen bonds of any sort, but there are two π–π stacking interactions present. One, involving the quinoline ring, links molecules related by inversion, while the other, involving the two nonfused aryl rings, links molecules related by translation, so together forming a ladder-type arrangement
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Шетэля, В., and V. Shetelya. "The Communicative Aspect of Treatment in the Texts of the Historical Novel H. Sienkiewicz, Translated Into Russian Language." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 8, no. 5 (September 24, 2019): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d776760e5a281.17266633.
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The article attempts to describe the methods of translation from Polish into Russian of such a communicatively significant form of etiquette as conversion. These word constructions containing the name and often the titles of nobility of the one addressed to were used in the Polish speech of the XVII century, as the Polish writer H. Sienkiewicz pointed out in his historical novel “Pan Volodyevsky”. Various forms of appeals, which were used by Polish nobles (gentry), directly indicate their communicative importance in this social environment. Here the lights and the gender issue, since communication occurs among men, ladies and also in mixed gender groups. Thus, this gender issue had to be solved by the translator when translating the novel by H. Sienkiewicz into Russian. In the article by comparison of fragments of the Polish (author’s) and Russian texts with participation of such units it is shown how constructions and terms of this communicative group were translated into Russian.
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Heppell, Muriel. "The Latin translation of the ladder of divine ascent of St John Climacus." Mediterranean Historical Review 4, no. 2 (December 1989): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518968908569576.
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Rodionov, Oleg. "Michael Psellos’ Theologica I.30 and the Byzantine Interpretations of Scala Paradisi XXVII/2.13." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Orthodoxa 66, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbto.2021.1.07.
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"The article examines the exegesis of Michael Psellos on the most mysterious of the “difficult places” of the Ladder by John of Sinai — Step XXVІІ/2.13. This interpretation is one of the so-called Theologica treatises (Theol. I.30). It differs significantly from the rest of the Byzantine explanations of this “difficult place”. Michael Psellos decisively rejects the Christological interpretation of the “vision” and the questions of St. John. He also develops the doctrine of the accessibility to a human in present life of the vision of God in “symbols” and “forms” only. Higher contemplations are linked to the degree of detachment of the soul from the body. Unlike Michael Psellos, other interpreters, firstly, pay more attention to the context in which the chapter of the Ladder in question is located, secondly, they mostly prefer a Christological interpretation of St. John’s questions to the unknown interlocutor, thirdly, they ask themselves who this interlocutor was, an angel or Christ Himself. One of the anonymous Byzantine commentaries convincingly defends the point of view according to which John Climacus talked with Christ. This paper analyses all the extensive interpretations of the difficult passage, and on the basis of the handwritten tradition, draws the conclusion that the exegesis of Michael Psellos had much circulation in Byzantium along with other conceptions of the mysterious chapter. In addition, there has been noted the reception of Psellos’s interpretation in the first Slavic edition of the Ladder in 1647. Appendices I and II contain the edition of the Greek text of an anonymous Scholium and a fragment from the commentary by Elias of Crete respectively. Keywords: Michael Psellos, Theologica, John Climacus, Ladder of Divine Ascent, Photius of Constantinople, Elias of Crete, byzantine commentaries, Church Slavonic translation. "
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Goldstaub, Dan, Alessandra Gradi, Zippi Bercovitch, Zehava Grosmann, Yaron Nophar, Sylvie Luria, Nahum Sonenberg, and Chaim Kahana. "Poliovirus 2A Protease Induces Apoptotic Cell Death." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 1271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.4.1271-1277.2000.
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ABSTRACT A cell line was generated that expresses the poliovirus 2A protease in an inducible manner. Tightly controlled expression was achieved by utilizing the muristerone A-regulated expression system. Upon induction, cleavage of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4GI (eIF4GI) and eIF4GII is observed, with the latter being cleaved in a somewhat slower kinetics. eIF4G cleavage was accompanied by a severe inhibition of protein synthesis activity. Upon induction of the poliovirus 2A protease, the cells displayed fragmented nuclei, chromatin condensation, oligonucleosome-size DNA ladder, and positive TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) staining; hence, their death can be characterized as apoptosis. These results indicate that the expression of the 2A protease in mammalian cells is sufficient to induce apoptosis. We suggest that the poliovirus 2A protease induces apoptosis either by arresting cap-dependent translation of some cellular mRNAs that encode proteins required for cell viability, by preferential cap-independent translation of cellular mRNAs encoding apoptosis inducing proteins, or by cleaving other, yet unidentified cellular target proteins.
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Ваисов, Олег Кахрамонович. "ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NUMERICAL CODE AUTOLOCKING DECODER BASED ON MICROELECTRONIC DEVICES." Нацразвитие. Наука и образование, no. 3(6) (July 28, 2022): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/2782-3075.2022.6.3.002.
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В статье рассмотрены вопросы перевода релейно-контактных элементов на микропроцессорную и микроэлектронную элементную базу действующих систем автоматики и телемеханики железнодорожного транспорта. Разработана функциональная схема микропроцессорного дешифратора с двухканальной системой обеспечение безопасности функционирование микропроцессорных устройств и алгоритм работы дешифратора сигнальной точки, кодовой автоблокировки на основе анализа кодового путевого трансмиттера. The questions of translation ladder elements on a microprocessor and microelectronic components based on existing systems, automation and remote control on a railway. Developed a functional diagram of the microprocessor decoder with two-channel system security and operation of microprocessor-based algorithm decoder signal point, auto-lock code based on the analysis of the code track transmitter.
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Altman, Meryl. "Ladies’ Greek: Victorian Translations of Tragedy, by Yopie Prins." Women's Studies 48, no. 7 (October 3, 2019): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.2019.1668194.
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Fiske, Shanyn. "Ladies’ Greek: Victorian Translations of Tragedy by Yopie Prins." Victorian Review 44, no. 2 (2019): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2019.0012.
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Paplanus, Lisa M., Patricia Bartley-Daniele, and Kathryn S. Mitra. "Knowledge translation: A Nurse Practitioner Clinical Ladder Advancement Program in a university-affiliated, integrated medical center." Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 26, no. 8 (August 2014): 424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12082.
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Cohen, William A. "Translation and Its Affects." Victorian Literature and Culture 47, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150318001456.
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Vanity Fair (1848) famously opens with a departure. As Becky Sharpe flounces off from Miss Pinkerton's academy, she takes leave of her patron by telling her “in a very unconcerned manner … and with a perfect accent, ‘Mademoiselle, je viens vous faire mes adieux.’” Miss Pinkerton, we learn, “did not understand French, she only directed those who did: but biting her lips and throwing up her venerable and Roman-nosed head … said, ‘Miss Sharp, I wish you a good morning’” (7). This performance of befuddlement on the part of a respectable schoolmistress bespeaks a whole collection of Victorian cultural norms about language competence in general and about the French language in particular. Even though the action is set in a period when Becky's speaking “French with purity and a Parisian accent … [was] rather a rare accomplishment” (11), the novel was written for a mid-nineteenth-century audience that could mainly count on middle-class young ladies to have acquired this degree of refinement—or at least to aspire to do so.
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Cook, Alan. "Ladies in the Scientific Revolution." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 51, no. 1 (January 22, 1997): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1997.0001.
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Two exhibitions were recently held in the Library of the Society, one on Women in Science and another on the Archives of the Scientific Revolution. The first did not go so far back as the scientific revolution, with one exception, the translation of Newton's Principia by the Marquise du Chàtelet. Yet it was in the scientific revolution, conveniently taken as running from the middle of the seventeenth to the middle of the eighteenth century, that women are first known to have engaged in natural philosophy. Eight ladies certainly had some part in the scientific revolution, not just as tricoteuses watching the heads roll, but themselves helping to bring down the guillotine upon Aristotelians, Cartesians, astrologers, hermetics and mystics.
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Vasylyshyn, Igor P. "EXISTENTIAL IMAGES AND NARRATIVES IN RILKE`S POETRY (Bogdan Kravtsiv`s translation experience)." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-2-24-6.
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In 1947, in the German city of Nuremberg, Bohdan Kravtsiv`s book of translations from Rainer Maria Rilke`s “Things and Images” was published, which became a significant contribution to Ukrainian Rilkeanism. B. Kravtsiv`s translations were highly appreciated by critics and literary experts. The purpose of the article is the study of Rilke images and narratives in Bohdan Kravtsiv’s translations, the analysis of the main concepts related to the ideological and thematic layers of the lyrics that B. Kravtsiv chose for translation, and the highlighting of the existential discourse as a translation phenomenon that enabled him to introduce Rainer Maria Rilke’s poems in the Ukrainian artistic context. To achieve this goal, a number of methods were used: biographical (aimed at tracing Rilke`s spiritual and cultural ties with Ukraine during his journey through its territory), cultural-historical, philological, and intertextual. The phenomenological and hermeneutic analysis enables the study of existential discourse in Rilke`s lyrics and immanent interpretation in Kravtsiv`s translations of Rilke`s idiostyle and artistic-philosophical concepts. The elements of conceptual analysis make it possible to consider Rilke`s poetry in translations by Bohdan Kravtsiv, highlighting the main concepts that determine its cultural-artistic and existential-philosophical content. B. Kravtsiv paid particular attention to Rilke`s poems related to biblical and evangelical subjects: “Departure of the Prodigal Son”, “David Sings to Saul”, “Pieta”, “Resurrected”, “The Supper”. B. Kravtsiv translated a number of poems from ancient themes (“Sibyl”, “Orpheus. Eurydice. Hermes”, “Leda”, “Esther”, “Cretan Artemis”, “Alcestis”, “Islands of the Sirens”) since ancient mythology had an important place in Rilke`s artistic outlook. It’s a part of his artistic and metaphysical world, the heart of his existence. The metaphysical concept of the finitude of life evolved through all the lyrical-philosophical cycles of the Austrian poet, in which the lexical-semantic field of the concept of “death” is creatively implemented through ideas and motifs. Bohdan Kravtsiv translated several of Rilke`s poems “Experience with Death”, “Death of a Beloved”, and “The End”, in which the philosophical idea that the Italian existentialist philosopher Nicola Abbagiano defined as coexistence can be clearly traced. During the analysis of the artistic concept sphere and leitmotifs in Bohdan Kravtsiv`s translations, it is worth highlighting the nostalgia of the poetry “This is where the extreme huts are already”, the suggestiveness of “The Archaic Torso of Apollo”, the phantasmagoric nature of “The Sorcerer”, the existential elegiacism of “Evening”, the mysticism of “Alien”, the belief in the immortality of “Autumn”, the artistic plasticity of “Panthers”, the carnival enchantment of “Carousel”, the exquisite, subtle eroticism of “Ladies”, the magical fatalism of “Courtesy”, the metaphysics of life and death in “Experience with Death”, autobiography and delving into the subconscious in the poems “At the piano”, “From childhood”, the secret of art in “The Poet”, the young chivalrous romance of “The Boy”, the wild grace of “Cretan Artemis”. Conclusion. In the selected translations, Bohdan Kravtsiv managed to artistically recreate Rilke images, especially from ancient (Alquesta, Orpheus) and biblical (Jesus Christ, Mary Magdalene) themes, which appeared in the Austrian poet`s lyrics as archetypal images-symbols and images-ideas, defining the spiritual, philosophical and axiological basis of his creativity. Among the multifaceted conceptual sphere, Rilke chose Kravtsiv for the translation of poetry in which he substantiates the concept of “death” from an existential-philosophical point of view as a phenomenon of coexistence that changes one dimension of existence to another, which can also be traced in the narrative of the Austrian poet: death as “invisible and unenlightened we are the side of life”, – immanent in life itself. In the poems selected for translation, Kravtsiv managed to trace the path of the Austrian artist through catharsis to spiritual insight, self-awareness, and the search for authentic values of being. To introduce Rilke`s existential discourse into the Ukrainian artistic context, to give a number of translated poems a special national sound and philosophical content allowed the writer to work with the Ukrainian word, search and restore authentic books, archaic and dialect lexemes, occasionalism, which received a new sound in the translator`s artistic style, supplementing Rilke texts poetics. The translation activity of B. Kravtsiv became a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian literature and culture in general, enriching it with ideas, concepts, artistic motifs, and the artistic word of one of the most brilliant modern poets – Rainer Maria Rilke. The analysis of Ukrainian writer’s poetic translations in the book “Things and Images” has the perspective of both literary and linguistic research and involves the creation of a thorough scientific work. While working on translations of Rilke`s poems, B. Kravtsiv, in his characteristic artistic and poetic style, uses a significant amount of book, archaic and dialect vocabulary, and occasionalism, which appear to him not only as artistic and aesthetic means of poetic expression, but are also filled with deep-rooted national meaning, contain the genetic code of an authentic Ukrainian word. Bohdan Kravtsiv managed to do Rilke translations so Ukrainian, because he felt the spiritual kinship of the Austrian poet with Ukraine and its people, that as an artist, philosophermetaphysician, and pantheist, having visited Ukrainian lands, he felt, understood, and realized the true spiritual and genetic roots of the European community.
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Tijani, O. Ishaq, and Imed Nsiri. "ʿĀʾisha al-Kaʿbī’s “The Ladies’ Fitting Room”: Translation with an Introduction." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.6n.2p.51.
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This article features a translation of “Ghurfat al-qiyās” (2007, The Ladies’ Fitting Room), a short story by the emerging Emirati female writer ʿĀʾisha al-Kaʿbī (1973-). The Introduction provides some brief comments on the content of the story in order to show how, while foregrounding the portrayal of some women’s obsession with their looks, the narrative reflects some of the socio-cultural issues that concern women and gender in contemporary Emirati and Arabian Gulf societies. The story is very minimalistic in the exploration of its subject-matters, but it is this narrative technique that makes its content—especially the sub-text, or the un-said aspects of the story—much more intriguing than its form.
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Tranquada, John M. "Topological Doping and Superconductivity in Cuprates: An Experimental Perspective." Symmetry 13, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13122365.
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Hole doping into a correlated antiferromagnet leads to topological stripe correlations, involving charge stripes that separate antiferromagnetic spin stripes of opposite phases. The topological spin stripe order causes the spin degrees of freedom within the charge stripes to feel a geometric frustration with their environment. In the case of cuprates, where the charge stripes have the character of a hole-doped two-leg spin ladder, with corresponding pairing correlations, anti-phase Josephson coupling across the spin stripes can lead to a pair-density-wave order in which the broken translation symmetry of the superconducting wave function is accommodated by pairs with finite momentum. This scenario is now experimentally verified by recently reported measurements on La2−xBaxCuO4 with x=1/8. While pair-density-wave order is not common as a cuprate ground state, it provides a basis for understanding the uniform d-wave order that is more typical in superconducting cuprates.
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Bychkov, Pavel. "CHAPTERS ON THE AMAZONS FROM THE "BOOK OF THE CITY OF WOMEN" (1405) BY CHRISTINA DE PISAN (XVI–XIX CHAPTERS)." Odysseus. Man in History 30, no. 1 (July 12, 2023): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/1607-6184-2023-30-1-303-320.
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In “The Book of the City of Ladies”, an apologetic piece created as a literary defense of womanhood, the most original and outstanding chapters are those, which contain the stories of Amazons. Christine de Pizan, contrary to other Medieval authors, uses canonical plot lines to mediate not a negative image of Amazons as a wild and cruel tribe, but to place them among heroines of Antiquity and biblical female characters. Therefore, in this new narrative women from the “The Book of the City of Ladies” acquire features that traditionally belong to noble knights and wise rulers, the male heroes on the opposite are inferior to them in courage, military prowess and virtue. The article contains a translation of an excerpt from “The Book of the City of Ladies” and a detailed commentary on it with a history of literary evolution of mentioned characters and common views on Amazons in that period..
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Donnelly, Paul. "Liberation through Seeing: Screening The Tibetan Book of the Dead." Religions 9, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9080239.
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The text known in English as The Tibetan Book of the Dead is arguably the principle source for popular understandings of Tibetan Buddhist conceptions of death. First translated into English in 1927, subsequent translations have read it according to a number of interpretive frameworks. This paper examines two recent films that take The Tibetan Book of the Dead as their inspiration: Bruce Joel Rubin’s Jacob’s Ladder (1990) and Gaspar Noé’s Enter the Void (2009). Neither of these films overtly claim to be depicting The Tibetan Book of the Dead, but the directors of both have acknowledged that the text was an influence on their films, and both are undeniably about the moment of death and what follows. The analysis begins with the question of how, and to what degree, each of the films departs from the meaning and purpose of The Tibetan Book of the Dead, before moving on to examine the reasons, both practical and ideological, for these changes. Buddhist writer Bruce Joel Rubin wrote a film that sought to depict the death experience from a Tibetan Buddhist perspective, but ultimately audience expectation and studio pressure transformed the film into a story at odds with Tibetan Buddhism. Gaspar Noé wrote and directed a film that is based on a secular worldview, yet can be seen to be largely consistent with a Tibetan Buddhist reading. Finally, I consider if, and to what extent, these films function to express or cultivate an experiential engagement with Tibetan Buddhist truths and realization, concluding that Jacob’s Ladder does not, while Enter the Void largely succeeds, despite the intention of its creator.
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Candelas, Graciela C., Anselmo Ortiz, and Nayda Ortiz. "Features of the cell-free translation of a spider fibroin mRNA." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 67, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1989): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o89-026.
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The massive production of fibroin by the large ampullate glands of the spider, Nephila clavipes, serves as a model system in which to study the synthesis and control of a large secretory protein. Their tissue-specific product, fibroin, produced during the entire adult life of the female, is approximately 320 kilodaltons, and rich in glycine and alanine. Highly purified fibroin mRNA from the glands has been translated in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system with variable supplements. The translational products analyzed by SDS–PAGE display two features, tRNA modulation and discontinuous pauses during elongation. tRNA complements exert their effects both in the translational efficiency and in the size of the peptides generated. The pauses observed during translation generate subsets of smaller discrete peptides, visualized in the gels as ladders of variable relative intensities, appearing exclusively and concomitantly with the fibroin. Definitive linkage between the discrete peptides and fibroin synthesis process has been established by their selective labeling with specific radioactive amino acids.Key words: translation, tRNA modulation, fibroin, protein synthesis, cell-free synthesis.
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Classen, Albrecht. "Christine de Pizan, The Book of the Cyte of Ladyes, trans. by Brian Anslay, ed. by Hope Johnston. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 457. Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2014, lxiv, 622 pp., 10 b/w ill." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_431.
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On the one hand, this new edition, or rather translation, of Christine de Pizan’s The Book of the City of Ladies (1405) certainly deserves to be reviewed in Mediaevistik because Christine still falls squarely into the late Middle Ages. On the other, the publication date of this translation, 1521, places it certainly outside of that period. However, a translation is always an important mirror of the reception history, which proves to be particularly rich in Christine’s case. Brian Anslay’s English translation was the first and only one to appear in print (by Henry Pepwell), at least before the twentieth century. However, we know of twenty-seven surviving manuscripts, whereas there are only five copies of Anslay’s printed work available. It is worth noting that the issues addressed here by Christine, helping women to find their own realm and identity, was apparently of significance also for her male audience since Anslay was sponsored by Richard Grey, third earl of Kent.
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NA, Mohd Jidin, Mohamad M, Wan Mohd Kamaluddin WNS, Abd Aziz KH, and Jamani NA. "Knowledge of Postnatal Care among Confinement Ladies in Malaysia during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5 (March 5, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i0.313.
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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of postnatal care among confinement ladies in Malaysia and assess the effectiveness of an intervention workshop.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 65 confinement ladies residing in East Coast Malaysia. Among them, 36 ladies were purposely selected to participate in a workshop, while 29 ladies were selected using a snowball sampling method to be in the control group. A validated Malay translation of Knowledge on Postnatal Care for Mothers and Care of the Newborn Questionnaire was used. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 25). Multiple logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with baseline knowledge. Repeated measure ANCOVA was used to measure the effectiveness of the intervention workshop.Results: Overall, the mean (SD) age of the respondents was 46.23 (8.49) with mean (SD) number of children of 4.0 (2.0) and working experience as confinement ladies of 36.0 months (20.24). Majority (77.1%) were married, from B40 group (91.4%) and received at least secondary education (77.1%). Confinement ladies who received secondary and tertiary education were found to have higher knowledge scores compared to those with primary education (p=0.026 and p=0.049 respectively). There was a significant increase in knowledge of postnatal care scores in those attending the postnatal care workshop (p <0.001)Conclusion: Education level plays an important role in determining the level of knowledge of a confinement lady. The workshop conducted was effective in improving the postnatal care knowledge among confinement ladies. Hence, more interventional programs should be held in the future.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S22