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Academic literature on the topic 'TRANSLATING A LADDER'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "TRANSLATING A LADDER"

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Welch, J. T. "Translating relay ladder logic for CCM solving." IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 13, no. 1 (1997): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/70.554356.

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Welch, John T. "Translating unrestricted relay ladder logic into Boolean form." Computers in Industry 20, no. 1 (January 1992): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(92)90126-8.

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Guo, Jia Rong, Ran Feng, Zhuo Bi, and Mei Hua Xu. "A Compiler for Ladder Diagram to Multi-Core Dataflow Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 462 (February 2012): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.368.

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Multi-core and dataflow architecture recently researched on parallel computing can well satisfy the requirement of high-performance for PLC processors handling program by exploiting parallelism in the program. But the compiler translating the ladder diagram program into the instructions of the architecture has not been yet developed. For the problem, the paper presents a compiler aiming at editing a ladder diagram which is one of programming languages of PLC and then compiling it into instructions of multi-core function-level dataflow architecture. The compiler takes row doubly linked list as internal representation of a ladder diagram, and logic binary tree as intermediate representation during the process of compiling according to similarity of the binary tree to function-level dataflow graph, written in java.
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Iguchi, A. "Translating Grace: The Scala Claustralium and A Ladder of Foure Ronges." Review of English Studies 59, no. 242 (October 25, 2007): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgn001.

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Milosavljevic, Boris. "Basic philosophical texts in Medieval Serbia." Balcanica, no. 39 (2008): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0839079m.

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Medieval Serbian philosophy took shape mostly through the process of translating Byzantine texts and revising the Slavic translations. Apart from the Aristotelian terminological tradition, introduced via the translation of Damascene?s Dialectic, there also was, under the influence of the Corpus Areopagiticum and ascetic literature, notably of John Climacus? Ladder, another strain of thought originating from Christian Platonism. Damascene?s philosophical chapters, or Dialectic, translated into medieval Serbian in the third quarter of the fourteenth century, not only shows the high standards of translation technique developed in Serbian monastic scriptoria, but testifies to a highly educated readership interested in such a complex theologico-philosophical text with its nuanced terminology. A new theological debate about the impossibility of knowing God led to Gregory Palamas? complex text, The Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. Philosophical texts were frequently copied and much worked on in medieval Serbia, but it is difficult to infer about the actual scope of their influence on the formation and articulation of the worldview of medieval society. As a result of their demanding theoretical complexity, the study of philosophy was restricted to quite narrow monastic, court and urban circles. However, the strongest aspect of the influence of Byzantine thought on medieval society was the liturgy as the central social event of the community. It was through the liturgy that the wording of the translated texts influenced the life of medieval Serbian society.
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Tan, Aiguo, and Changjiang Ju. "The Application of Maze algorithm in Translating Ladder Diagram into Instruction Lists of Programmable Logical Controller." Procedia Engineering 15 (2011): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.052.

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Mack, Thomas. "A Simple Parametric Model for Rating Automobile Insurance or Estimating IBNR Claims Reserves." ASTIN Bulletin 21, no. 1 (April 1991): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.21.1.2005403.

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AbstractIt is shown that there is a connection between rating in automobile insurance and the estimation of IBNR claims amounts because automobile insurance tariffs are mostly cross-classified by at least two variables (e.g. territory and driver class) and IBNR claims run-off triangles are always cross-classified by the two variables accident year and development year. Therefore, by translating the most well-known automobile rating methods into the claims reserving situation, some known and some unknown claims reserving methods are obtained. For instance, the automobile rating method of Bailey and Simon produces a new claims reserving method, whereas the model leading to the rating method called “marginal totals” produces the well-known IBNR claims estimation method called “chain ladder”. A drawback of this model is the fact that it is designed for the number of claims and not for the total claims amount for which it is usually applied.As an alternative for both, rating and claims reserving, we describe a simple but realistic parametric model for the total claims amount which is based on the Gamma distribution and has the advantage of providing the possibility of assessing the goodness-of-fit and calculating the estimation error. This method is not very well known in automobile insurance—although a satisfactory application is reported—and seems to be completely unknown in the field of claims reserving, although its execution is nearly as simple as that of the chain ladder method.
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Celis, Sebastian, Mohamed Farhat, Abdullah S. Almansouri, Hakan Bagci, and Khaled N. Salama. "Simplified Modal-Cancellation Approach for Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Narrow-Band Filter Design." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060962.

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Current substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) filter design methodologies can be extremely computational and time-inefficient when a narrow-band filter is required. A new approach to designing compact, highly selective narrow-band filters based on smartly positioned obstacles is thus presented here. The proposed modal-cancellation approach is achieved by translating or eliminating undesired modes within the frequency of interest. This is performed by introducing smartly located obstacles in the maxima and nulls of the modes of interest. This approach is different from the traditional inverter technique, where a periodic number of inductive irises are coupled in a ladder configuration to implement the desired response of an nth-order filter, and significantly reduces the complexity of the resulting filter structure. Indeed, the proposed method may be used to design different filters for several frequency bands and various applications. The methodology was experimentally verified through fabricated prototypes.
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Zehnder, Christian. "Norwid's "tatarski czyn". Between hierarchy and eruption (semantics, contexts, and consequences)." Studia Norwidiana 37 English Version (2020): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sn.2019.37-2en.

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Drawing on a scholarly polemic of the 1930s, this paper differentiates between two ways of understanding and translating Cyprian Norwid’s formula “tatarski czyn,” as ‘Tatar deed’ (from the Polish czyn) or as ‘Tatar rank’ (from the Russian chin according to the Tsarist Table of Ranks). The aim is to show how the eruptive versus the hierarchical readings of “tatarski czyn” have influenced the opinions on Norwid’s dialogic treatise Promethidion (1851) and, more generally, on his criticism of the utopian thought of Polish Romanticism and of Russian po-litics. It was Adam Mickiewicz who in the 1820s and 1830s pointed to the homonymy between czyn and chin and its potential in enacting ambivalences between the seemingly incommensurable imaginaries of eruption and hierarchy. Moreover, Mickiewicz already linked both understandings of czyn with a stereotypical Tatar, or Mongolian, “Asianness.” In this respect, Norwid’s formula is fairly conventional. What is genuinely original, however, is how Norwid turns Mickiewicz’s earlier ideas against those of the later Mickiewicz who, in his Paris Lectures on the Slavs (1840–1844), seems to glorify the “Tatar deed.” In contrast to the “bloody ladder” of Russian bureaucracy and the irrational tendency in Mickiewicz’s activism, Norwid suggests a “gradual labor” culminating in, not erupting with, the deed (Promethidion). This aspect of Norwid’s metaphorical thought is shown in a parallel reading with the philosopher August Cieszkowski who, in his Prolegomena to Historiosophy (1838), conceptualized history as a “texture of deeds” leading to institutions. Similarly, Norwid’s positive notion of the deed, i.e. his revision of Romantic activism, should be situated beyond the alternatives of eruption and hierarchy.
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Afanasyeva, Tatiana I., Viacheslav V. Kozak, Georgii A. Molkov, Evgenii G. Sokolov, and Miliausha G. Sharikhina. "Language Innovations in Manuscripts Attributed to Cyprian the Metropolitan." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 14–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.1.

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This article deals with the language innovations characteristic of translations of the 14th century as represented in manuscripts regarded by scholars as emanating from the literary activities of Metropolitan Cyprian (†1406): the Ladder of Divine Ascent, the Psalter, and the works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite. The number of innovations is different for each of the texts listed above, the Psalter being the least innovative and the Ladder the most innovative text. Nevertheless the distribution of corrections in the Ladder seems to be irregular, with the initial part containing more innovations than the end of the codex. The works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite represented in MDA 144 (Russian State Library, Moscow) have nothing to do with Cyprian’s literary activities, for this manuscript is a copy of a translation made by Isaiah, a monk at the St. Panteleimonos Monastery on Mount Athos. The number of innovations in this translation lies between those seen in the Psalter and in the Ladder. Thus, a text attributed to the same person may differ significantly in terms of translation technique, which leads to the conclusion that the so-called attributional criterion is unreliable for a description of the written language of the 14th century. Along the same lines, such notions as the Athos norm and the Tarnovo norm are quite fluid and do not have any strictly defined borders. Therefore we suggest that these 14th-century translations have to be examined in the context of the degree to which they illustrate language innovations in a particular text. This criterion has been already successfully applied by M. G. Galchenko for a description of the orthographic features of the Second South Slavic Influence in Russian manuscripts of the 14th–15th centuries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TRANSLATING A LADDER"

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Muller, Margaret Beatrice. "Die vertaling van The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency van Alexander McCall Smith : strategieë en besluite tydens die vertaalproses." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1689.

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Thesis (MPhil (Afruikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
This descriptive case study is based on the translation of the first part of Alexander McCall Smith’s book, The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency, into Afrikaans. Examples of the type of translational problems that this translator experienced, as well as the strategies that were implemented to solve these problems, are discussed in an accompanying annotation. In this way the translator has attempted to explain her thought and decision-making processes during the translation process. Various concepts from translation studies theory, including foreignization and domestication, are discussed with reference to the practical translation, and support the solutions suggested for translational problems. This translator mainly used a foreignizing approach, although some degree of domestication was inevitable at times in order to avoid the alienation of target readers from the target text. The required characteristics of the target text and the knowledge and cultural background of the target readers are therefore also discussed, as both these factors played a defining role during the translation process. The need for Afrikaans literature between the so-called “high literature” and light romantic fiction is discussed, as this contributed to the choice of source text: according to this translator the translation of The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency into Afrikaans will be able to help fill this gap. Although this translator understands that financial restrictions play a large role in publishers’ reluctance to publish translations, the statement is made that they should not accept without further ado that an Afrikaans translation will result in a financial loss if no research has been done into the possibilities of that specific translation. Recommendations regarding market research are made and the possibility of future study is indicated.
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Alowedi, Noha. "Developing A Translator Career Path: a New Approach to In-House Translator Development Evaluation." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1446784750.

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Clark, Allen Stanley. "The Crisis of Translation in the Western Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis of al-Qācida Communiqués." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1257195409.

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JHA, HARSHA. "TRANSLATING A LADDER FROM AI/ML, NOVEL BIOMARKERS AND EV’S FOR PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE AND THERAPEUTICS." Thesis, 2023. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19914.

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Diseases which are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons' structure or function, leading to deterioration in cognitive and motor function. A disease's presence or severity can be determined objectively by biomarkers, which are then used to monitor, diagnose, and track the development of a disease. There are several different categories of biomarkers that have been identified for neurodegenerative diseases, including genetic, epigenetic, protein, imaging, and behavioral biomarkers. These biomarkers can be utilised separately or in combination to assist the development of targeted therapeutics by providing a better knowledge of the underlying illness process. In this review, we discuss the various categories of biomarkers that have been identified for neurodegenerative diseases and their potential uses in the clinical setting. It is significantly being used in the area of neurodegenerative diseases and therapeutics. A kind of extracellular vesicles implicated in brain damage in a variety of ways; they spread inflammation throughout the brain. A barrier called the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediates neuronal signal mediation, propagation, and neuroprotection.. This paper focuses on the evidence which is mounting that the functions of EV are linked to the neurological pathogenic illnesses of machinery aiding in the growth and spread of the diseaseIn this paper, we discuss the current state of AI applications in this area. We begin by providing an overview of neurodegenerative diseases and the challenges they present. We then describe the various ways in which AI is being used in the field, including drug discovery and development, diagnosis and prognosis, patient care, clinical trials, and basic research. Finally, we outline some of the key directions for future research in this area. We have also designed a sample program with the help of HTML, CSS and JAVA to design personalised medicine. . Overall, our analysis indicates that AI has the potential xi affect on NDD’s and therapeutics, and could be a step towards the development of new and improved treatments for these conditions.
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Müller, Margaret Beatrice. "Die vertaling van The no. 1 ladies' detective agency van Alexander McCall Smith : strategieë en besluite tydens die vertaalproses /." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/550.

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Books on the topic "TRANSLATING A LADDER"

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Ladies day. Budapest: Corvina, 2007.

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Molière. The learned ladies. London: Nick Hern Books, 1996.

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Zola, Emile. The ladies' paradise. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Pratchett, Terry. Lords and Ladies. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.

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Pratchett, Terry. Lords and Ladies. Oxford: Ulverscroft Soundings Ltd, 2004.

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Pratchett, Terry. Lords and ladies. London: BCA, 1993.

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Pratchett, Terry. Lords and ladies. London: BCA, 1992.

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Berberova, Nina Nikolaevna. The ladies from St. Petersburg: Three novellas. New York: New Directions, 1998.

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Zola, Emile. The ladies' paradise. New York: Barnes and Noble, 2006.

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Zola, Emile. The ladies' paradise. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "TRANSLATING A LADDER"

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Cohen*, Yuval, Ming-En Wang, and Bopaya Bidanda. "Automatic Translation of a Process Level Petri-Net to a Ladder Diagram." In Advanced Techniques in Computing Sciences and Software Engineering, 25–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3660-5_5.

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Belle, Marie-Alice. "Knights, Schoolmasters, and ‘Lusty Ladies White’: Addressing Readers in the Paratexts of Gavin Douglas’s Fourth Book of Eneados (1513–1553)." In Thresholds of Translation, 139–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72772-1_6.

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Hui, Jie, and Ji-Xin Cheng. "Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Plaques: From Fundamental Concept Toward Clinical Translation." In Multimodality Imaging, 81–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6307-7_4.

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Sargent, Michael G. "The Anxiety of Authority, the Fear of Translation: The Prologues to The Myroure of Oure Ladye." In The Medieval Translator, 231–44. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tmt-eb.5.111968.

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Prins, Yopie. "ΙΩ‎ in Prometheus Bound." In Ladies' Greek. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691141893.003.0003.

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This chapter examines how women's claim to classical literacy was related to the problem of translating “literally” by focusing on different versions of Prometheus Bound. In particular, it considers the ways that various practices of “literal” translation seemed to bind women to Aeschylus's tragedy. The discussion begins with a reading of Elizabeth Barrett Browning (E.B.B.), the first woman to translate Prometheus Bound into English (in 1833 and again in 1850) and an important prototype for other “lady-translators” in England and America. The chapter argues that the translator's bondage is dramatized not only through the suffering of the immobilized Prometheus, but also through the cries of the painfully mobile IΩ‎. It also traces how IΩ‎ traveled from England to America and back to Greece to highlight the different modes of translation employed by these women translators to perform their identification with Greek letters.
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Prins, Yopie. "The Spell of Greek." In Ladies' Greek. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691141893.003.0002.

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This chapter analyzes Virginia Woolf's 1925 essay “On Not Knowing Greek” as part of the longer Victorian legacy of Ladies' Greek and places it within the context of Woolf's earlier Greek studies. Focusing on Woolf's Agamemnon notebook, the chapter examines how the strange utterance of Cassandra (otototoi, a series of stuttering syllables that sounds foreign to the ear) appears in Greek letters on the page and also how it was made to appear in two dramatic productions staged in ancient Greek at Cambridge University in 1900 and in 1921. In the process of transcribing and translating Cassandra's utterance, the chapter shows that Woolf confronts the mad literality of dead Greek letters: a scene of reading that is repeated again and again in translations of Greek tragedy by other women, both before and after Woolf.
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Prins, Yopie. "Introduction." In Ladies' Greek. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691141893.003.0001.

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This book examines why Victorian women of letters such as Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Sara Coleridge, and Virginia Woolf self-consciously performed collective identification with Greek letters and showed literary interest in their translations of with Greek tragedy. It considers how these women engaged with ideas about classical antiquity, and how much they contributed to the idealization of all things Greek. It discusses the ways in which women learned to read the Greek alphabet, to discover all the letters between alpha and omega, and how they turned ancient Greek into a language of and for desire. The book argues that nineteenth-century women writers turned to tragedy in particular as a literary genre for the performance of female classical literacy, and that their passionate reading of Greek led them into various forms of translation. Five tragedies are analyzed to elucidate the legacy of Ladies' Greek: Agamemnon and Prometheus Bound, Electra, Hippolytus, and Bacchae.
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Silleras-Fernandez, Nuria. "Found in Translation." In Chariots of Ladies, 151–202. Cornell University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801453830.003.0005.

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Prins, Yopie. "Hippolytus in Ladies’ Greek (with the Accents)." In Ladies' Greek. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691141893.003.0005.

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This chapter examines how women contributed to a major shift in the reception of Euripides by focusing on his tragedy Hippolytus. There was growing interest toward the end of the nineteenth century in the female tragic heroines of Euripidean tragedy and in its “feminine” lyricism. Hippolytus's highly eroticized, lyricized language appealed to British aesthetes such as John Addington Symonds, who engaged in an elaborate literary correspondence with the young Agnes Mary Francis Robinson and encouraged her to translate Hippolytus. The chapter begins with a reading of the letters of Symonds and Robinson (and Greek letters in their letters) and goes on to analyze Robinson's 1881 translation of Euripides in The Crowned Hippolytus. It shows how the metrical virtuosity of Robinson's translation made it possible to read Ladies' Greek “with” the accents and argues that the early work of Hilda Doolittle owes much to this late Victorian vision of Euripidean tragedy.
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Khokhlova, Irina L. "Image of Feats of Repentance in the Ladder and in the Hagiographic Icon of John Climacus." In Hermeneutics of Old Russian Literature. Issue 21, 495–513. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/horl.1607-6192-2022-21-495-513.

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The article examines image of feats of repentance in the Ladder and in the hagiographic icon of John Climacus. The ascetic composition of the Byzantine Saint John Scholasticus The Ladder of Heaven has a rich history of embodiment in old Russian painting. The original type of iconography, born of the Ladder, are the scenes of monastic exploits in the monastery-dungeon, described in the Word 5 On Repentance. A developed cycle of images of repentance scenes of monastic recluses surrounds mullion of the recognized masterpiece of the last third of the 16th century — the icon Vision of St. John of the Ladder with 24 Stamps of Life and Exploits from the collection of the Rybinsk Museum-Reserve. The purpose of study is to trace in this rare monument nature and features of translation of the fifth chapter of the Ladder from literary to pictorial language. The tasks of studying an icon are to determine its closest iconographic and stylistic analogies and protographs in frescoes, icons, miniatures. This will clarify the dating and attribution of the icon. Using a method of comparative analysis of text and image, a method of iconographic and stylistic comparisons, an iconological method, author finds parallels between hagiography and iconography. A consistent comparison of the icon’s brands with similar scenes of monks’ repentance in the fresco of the western gallery of the Annunciation Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin (1508–1564) and in the miniatures of the manuscript Ladder of the 1520s–1530s from the RSL (Russian State Library) proves the obvious close acquaintance of the icon’s author with these monuments of metropolitan origin. The uniqueness of iconography and elitism of icon’s writing lead to the conclusion that it was written by a Moscow isographer by royal order, probably as an image of the patron saint of prince Ivan, the son of Ivan the Terrible.
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Conference papers on the topic "TRANSLATING A LADDER"

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Feio, Ricardo, Joao Rosas, and Luis Gomes. "Translating IOPT Petri net models into PLC ladder diagrams." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2017.7915535.

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Chen, Xuekun, Jiliang Luo, and Pengfei Qi. "Method for translating ladder diagrams to ordinary Petri nets." In 2012 IEEE 51st Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2012.6426901.

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Noever, David, Josh Kalin, Matthew Ciolino, Dom Hambrick, and Gerry Dozier. "Local Translation Services for Neglected Languages." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAP 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110110.

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Taking advantage of computationally lightweight, but high-quality translators prompt consideration of new applications that address neglected languages. For projects with protected or personal data, translators for less popular or low-resource languages require specific compliance checks before posting to a public translation API. In these cases, locally run translators can render reasonable, cost-effective solutions if done with an army of offline, smallscale pair translators. Like handling a specialist’s dialect, this research illustrates translating two historically interesting, but obfuscated languages: 1) hacker-speak (“l33t”) and 2) reverse (or “mirror”) writing as practiced by Leonardo da Vinci. The work generalizes a deep learning architecture to translatable variants of hacker-speak with lite, medium, and hard vocabularies. The original contribution highlights a fluent translator of hacker-speak in under 50 megabytes and demonstrates a companion text generator for augmenting future datasets with greater than a million bilingual sentence pairs. A primary motivation stems from the need to understand and archive the evolution of the international computer community, one that continuously enhances their talent for speaking openly but in hidden contexts. This training of bilingual sentences supports deep learning models using a long short-term memory, recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN). It extends previous work demonstrating an English-to-foreign translation service built from as little as 10,000 bilingual sentence pairs. This work further solves the equivalent translation problem in twenty-six additional (non-obfuscated) languages and rank orders those models and their proficiency quantitatively with Italian as the most successful and Mandarin Chinese as the most challenging. For neglected languages, the method prototypes novel services for smaller niche translations such as Kabyle (Algerian dialect) which covers between 5-7 million speakers but one which for most enterprise translators, has not yet reached development. One anticipates the extension of this approach to other important dialects, such as translating technical (medical or legal) jargon and processing health records or handling many of the dialects collected from specialized domains (mixed languages like “Spanglish”, acronym-laden Twitter feeds, or urban slang).
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Chung, Hyun-Joon, Yujiang Xiang, Mahdiar Hariri, Rajan Bhatt, Jasbir S. Arora, and Karim Abdel-Malek. "Predictive Simulation of Human Ladder Climbing." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13258.

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An optimization formulation for human ladder climbing simulation is presented. The human model has 55 degrees of freedom — 49 revolute joints and 6 global translation & rotation joints. It is assumed that the ladder climbing motion is symmetric and periodic. The formulation starts with four contact points with both hands and feet. Then, hand and foot moves up and it ends with four contact points again. Design variables are the joint angle profiles and contact reaction forces. The objective function is combined with dynamic efforts and motion tracking. The dynamic efforts are joint torque square which is proportional to the mechanical energy. The motion tracking is the motion capture data tracking so that the motion follows the natural ladder climb motion as well. The dynamics results with joint torques and reaction forces are recovered and analyzed from the simulation.
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Leucht, Kurt W., and Glenn S. Semmel. "Automated Translation of Safety Critical Application Software Specifications into PLC Ladder Logic." In 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2008.4526587.

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Mukherjee, R., W. M. Mook, J. Hafiz, X. Wang, W. W. Gerberich, J. V. R. Heberlein, P. H. McMurry, and S. L. Girshick. "Synthesis of Nanocomposites by Ballistic Impaction of Nanoparticles." In ASME 4th Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2005-87036.

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We are investigating ballistic impact assembly of nanoparticles to form a new class of materials for superhard coatings and micromolded MEMS parts. Nanoparticles are generated by dissociating vapor-phase reactants injected downstream of a thermal plasma and expanding the resultant flow through a converging nozzle into a low-pressure chamber. The nanoparticle-laden gases achieve hypersonic velocities due to the pressure difference between the reaction region (450 torr) and the low-pressure chamber (∼2 torr). Particles are deposited by one of two processes: (a) by placing a substrate 20mm downstream of the flow, which results in a bow shock at the substrate and high impact velocities (calculated to be over 2000 m/s for a 20 nm SiC particle): termed as high-rate deposition, (b) by focusing the particles into a tight beam (width of ∼35 (μm) using aerodynamic lenses, and subsequent impaction on a translating substrate: termed as focused beam deposition. Thus far, nanoparticle deposits consisting of combinations of Si, Ti, C and N have been explored.
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7

Simonin, Olivier, and Kyle D. Squires. "On Two-Way Coupling in Gas-Solid Turbulent Flows." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45739.

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An analysis of kinetic energy transfer in particle-laden turbulent flows is presented. The present study focuses on the subset in which dispersed-phase motion is restricted to particles in translation, particle diameters are smaller than the smallest lengthscales in the turbulent carrier flow, and the dispersed phase is present at negligible volume fraction. An analysis of the separate and exact two-fluid mean and turbulent kinetic energy transport equations shows that momentum exchange between the phases results in a transfer of kinetic energy from the mean to the fluctuating motion of the two-phase mixture. The source term accounting for fluid-particle coupling in the fluid turbulent kinetic energy equation is written as the sum of three parts, the first part representing the production of velocity fluctuations in the particle wake (“pseudo turbulence”), the second and third contributions — which act primarily on the larger scales of the fluid turbulent motion — representing a damping effect due to the turbulent fluctuation of the drag force and the effect of the transport of the particles by the fluid turbulence against their mean relative motion. A schematic representation of the energy transfers in particle-laden mixtures is also presented for the simplified systems under consideration, consistent with the separation of scales between perturbations introduced at the scale of the particle and the large, energy-containing scales of fluid turbulent motion. Implications of the energy transfers for ensemble-averaged modeling approaches are discussed, along with computational techniques that account for the back-effect of the particles on the flow using the point-force approximation. It is shown that the point-force approximation as typically implemented only accounts for the modulation of the large eddies, the contribution to wake production is not included, being implicitly assumed to be in local equilibrium with the corresponding viscous dissipation.
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8

Chen, Zhijian, Andrzej Przekwas, and Mahesh Athavale. "Physics Based Simulation of Large Size Particle Transport in Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75216.

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In biomedical microdevices and medical applications there is a need to analyze fluid transport of solid structures with sizes comparable to channel dimensions. Examples include manipulation of biological cells in microfluidic devices or transport of thrombin particles in blood vessels. Computational modeling of such macroparticles is very difficult when the particle size is bigger than the size of the computational control volume (mesh element). In performing such simulations, conventional Lagrangian model of micro particles is not suitable since this approach doesn’t account particle’s volume blockage of the supporting Eulerian computational mesh. Other approaches such as deforming mesh or volume of fluid are either impractical of computationally very intensive or limited to structured meshes. We have developed a ‘macroparticle’ methodology where the large particle is represented as a large cluster of smaller particles (marker particles) that is “embedded” on a background computational grid. The macroparticle is then represented by blocking the cells in the background mesh that are overlapped by individual micro-particles. The discrete surface of the macroparticle is represented by partially or fully blocked cells of the background computational mesh. The translation /rotation/deformation motion of the macroparticle is calculated using a 6-DOF model with fluid pressure and shear forces acting on the particle surface used as forces and moments in calculating macroparticle position, velocity, acceleration and rotation. The size of the background grid determines the accuracy of the particle shape definition and the flow solution. The relevant physics and chemical conservation laws for each macroparticle are solved in a coupled, iterative method with the equation systems governing the background fluid domain. This methodology has been successfully used for simulations of macroparticle-laden fluids in micro channels in biochips. As an application of this novel method, we have applied this technology to simulate a moving clot in blood flow and process of clot mechanical dissolution (thrombolysis).
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