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Rae, James R., Selin Gülgöz, Lily Durwood, Madeleine DeMeules, Riley Lowe, Gabrielle Lindquist, and Kristina R. Olson. "Predicting Early-Childhood Gender Transitions." Psychological Science 30, no. 5 (March 29, 2019): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619830649.
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Increasing numbers of gender-nonconforming children are socially transitioning—changing pronouns to live as their identified genders. We studied a cohort of gender-nonconforming children ( n = 85) and contacted them again approximately 2 years later. When recontacted, 36 of the children had socially transitioned. We found that stronger cross-sex identification and preferences expressed by gender-nonconforming children at initial testing predicted whether they later socially transitioned. We then compared the gender-nonconforming children with groups of transitioned transgender children ( n = 84) and gender-conforming controls ( n = 85). Children from our longitudinal cohort who would later transition were highly similar to transgender children (children who had already socially transitioned) and to control children of the gender to which they would eventually transition. Gender-nonconforming children who would not go on to transition were different from these groups. These results suggest that (a) social transitions may be predictable from gender identification and preferences and (b) gender identification and preferences may not meaningfully differ before and after social transitions.
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Eugene Buth, C., Wanda L. Menges, King K. Mak, and Roger P. Bligh. "Transitions from Guardrail to Bridge Rail That Meet Safety Performance Requirements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1720, no. 1 (January 2000): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1720-04.
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Three guardrail-to-bridge rail transitions were developed and subjected to full-scale crash tests. The transitions were ( a) a nested W-beam with W-beam rub rail that transitioned from a W-beam guardrail to a vertical concrete parapet bridge rail, ( b) a nested thrie-beam that transitioned from a W-beam guardrail to a tubular steel bridge rail, and ( c) a tubular steel transition that transitioned from a weak-post box-beam guardrail to a tubular steel bridge rail. The nested W-beam and the tubular steel transitions were tested and met NCHRP Report 350 Test Level (TL)-3 requirements. The nested thrie-beam transition was tested and met TL-4 requirements.
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de Boer, Bram, Hilde Verbeek, and Joseph Gaugler. "Transitions to Long-Term Residential Care Settings." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.855.
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Abstract During their life course, many older adults encounter a transition between care settings, for example, a permanent move into long-term residential care. This care transition is a complex and often fragmented process, which is associated with an increased risk of negative health outcomes, rehospitalisation, and even mortality. Therefore, care transitions should be avoided where possible and the process for necessary transitions should be optimised to ensure continuity of care. Transitional care is therefore a key research topic. The TRANS-SENIOR European Joint Doctorate (EJD) network builds capacity for tackling a major challenge facing European long-term care systems: the need to improve care for an increasing number of care-dependent older adults by avoiding unnecessary transitions and optimising necessary care transitions. During this symposium, four presenters from the Netherlands and Switzerland will present different aspects of transitions into long-term residential care. The first speaker presents the results of a co-creation approach in developing an intervention aimed at preventing unnecessary care transitions. The second speaker presents an overview of interventions aiming to improve a transition from home to a nursing home, highlighting the clear mismatch between theory and practice. The third speaker presents the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transitions into long-term residential care using an ethnographic study in a long-term residential care facility in Switzerland. The final speaker discusses the results of a recent Delphi study on key factors influencing implementing innovations in transitional care. The discussant will relate previous findings on transitional care with a U.S. perspective.
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Borzyszkowski, Andrzej M., and Philippe Darondeau. "Transition systems without transitions." Theoretical Computer Science 338, no. 1-3 (June 2005): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2004.09.026.
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Ismael Faqe Abdulla, Baraat. "Frequency Analysis of Transition Words in Students’ Paragraphs." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 7, no. 4 (October 15, 2023): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol7no4.8.
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Transitional words make any piece of writing flow logically. If properly applied, they give writing cohesion and coherence. The use of proper transitions may be difficult for non-native speakers, particularly for second and foreign language learners. This study examines how frequently students use transitional phrases in their paragraphs. Thirty-six paragraphs written by students of the Department of English-College of Education at Salahaddin University in a writing course serve as the sample of the study. Knowing how frequently transitional words appear in student-written paragraphs is the main goal of the study. Depending on the research goal, the following questions are addressed by this study: How often do students use transitional words? What kinds of transitions do they typically use? The study can help teachers guide their students toward writing more effectively by suggesting appropriate transitions. The study uses quantitative content analysis to determine the frequency of transition words in paragraphs written by first-year students. Using JASP software that recognized and recorded the frequency of transition words, the paragraphs were examined. The outcomes reveal that students employ a range of transitional words, with “and” being the most popular transition. The results imply that students know how crucial transition words are for linking ideas in their writing. To learn more about how transition words and expressions affect the general coherence and clarity of students’ writing, more research is required
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Weidemann, Sebastian, Mark Kremer, Stefano Longhi, and Alexander Szameit. "Topological triple phase transition in non-Hermitian Floquet quasicrystals." Nature 601, no. 7893 (January 19, 2022): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04253-0.
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AbstractPhase transitions connect different states of matter and are often concomitant with the spontaneous breaking of symmetries. An important category of phase transitions is mobility transitions, among which is the well known Anderson localization1, where increasing the randomness induces a metal–insulator transition. The introduction of topology in condensed-matter physics2–4 lead to the discovery of topological phase transitions and materials as topological insulators5. Phase transitions in the symmetry of non-Hermitian systems describe the transition to on-average conserved energy6 and new topological phases7–9. Bulk conductivity, topology and non-Hermitian symmetry breaking seemingly emerge from different physics and, thus, may appear as separable phenomena. However, in non-Hermitian quasicrystals, such transitions can be mutually interlinked by forming a triple phase transition10. Here we report the experimental observation of a triple phase transition, where changing a single parameter simultaneously gives rise to a localization (metal–insulator), a topological and parity–time symmetry-breaking (energy) phase transition. The physics is manifested in a temporally driven (Floquet) dissipative quasicrystal. We implement our ideas via photonic quantum walks in coupled optical fibre loops11. Our study highlights the intertwinement of topology, symmetry breaking and mobility phase transitions in non-Hermitian quasicrystalline synthetic matter. Our results may be applied in phase-change devices, in which the bulk and edge transport and the energy or particle exchange with the environment can be predicted and controlled.
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Shin, Ji Youn, Nkiru Okammor, Karly Hendee, Amber Pawlikowski, Grace Jenq, and David Bozaan. "Development of the Socioeconomic Screening, Active Engagement, Follow-up, Education, Discharge Readiness, and Consistency (SAFEDC) Model for Improving Transitions of Care: Participatory Design." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 4 (April 12, 2022): e31277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31277.
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Background Transition to home after hospitalization involves the potential risk of adverse patient events, such as knowledge deficits related to self-care, medication errors, and readmissions. Despite broad organizational efforts to provide better care transitions for patients, there are challenges in implementing interventions that effectively improve care transition outcomes, as evidenced by readmission rates. Collaborative efforts that require health care professionals, patients, and caregivers to work together are necessary to identify gaps associated with transitions of care and generate effective transitional care interventions. Objective This study aims to understand the usefulness of participatory design approaches in identifying the design implications of transition of care interventions in health care settings. Through a series of participatory design workshops, we have brought stakeholders of the health care system together. With a shared understanding of care transition and patient experience, we have provided participants with opportunities to generate possible design implications for care transitions. Methods We selected field observations in clinical settings and participatory design workshops to develop transitional care interventions that serve each hospital’s unique situation and context. Patient journey maps were created and functioned as tools for creating a shared understanding of the discharge process across different stakeholders in the health care environment. The intervention sustainability was also assessed. By applying thematic analysis methods, we analyzed the problem statements and proposed interventions collected from participatory design workshops. The findings showed patterns of major discussion during the workshop. Results On the basis of the workshop results, we formalized the transition of care model—the socioeconomic, active engagement, follow-up, education, discharge readiness tool, and consistency (Integrated Michigan Patient-centered Alliance in Care Transitions transition of care model)—which other organizations can apply to improve patient experiences in care transition. This model highlights the most significant themes that should necessarily be considered to improve the transition of care. Conclusions Our study presents the benefits of the participatory design approach in defining the challenges associated with transitions of care related to patient discharge and generating sustainable interventions to improve care transitions.
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Zhou, Xiaoping, Xiaotian Li, Wei Song, Xiangbin Kong, and Xiao Lu. "Farmland Transitions in China: An Advocacy Coalition Approach." Land 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020122.
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In recent decades, global social and economic development has resulted in substantial land-use transitions. This was first observed with respect to losses of forested land, attracting worldwide concern. Forest transitions have an important impact on global ecology, whilst farmland transitions are key in terms of global food security. However, research into farmland transitions is lacking, particularly with respect to mechanistic analysis. Using data on China’s farmland areas between 1950 and 2017, we investigated the transitional characteristics, and triggers, of farmland change through linear regression analysis. Furthermore, based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework, we reveal the internal mechanism of these transitions. Our main findings are as follows: (1) between 1950 and 2017, China’s farmland area exhibited significant growth, and there were two transitions, namely in 1984 and 2004; (2) macroscopic economic and social changes determine the overall evolution of the farmland area; (3) there were two advocacy coalitions in the farmland transition policy subsystem—the farmland supplement and farmland consumption coalitions; (4) under the influence of macroscopic economic and social development, external events play a catalytic role in the transitions, and relatively stable parameters have an indirect but lasting effect in terms of transition outcomes.
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Herout, Jennifer, Jason J. Saleem, Matthew Weinger, Robert W. Grundmeier, Emily S. Patterson, Shilo Anders, and A. Zachary Hettinger. "EHR to EHR Transitions: Establishing and Growing a Knowledge Base." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621117.
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Although numerous healthcare organizations have transitioned from one electronic health record (EHR) to another or are currently planning a transition, there are few documented artifacts, such as published studies or operationalizable resources, that offer guidance on such transitions. This panel seeks to begin a conversation about human factors considerations in EHR transitions from a legacy system. Panel members will discuss current literature and research on the topic as well as experiences with and lessons learned from transitions within their organizations. Panel discussion can be expected to identify new research opportunities, needed resources, and guidance for EHR vendors or healthcare facilities in the midst of or preparing for an EHR transition. Panelists will also lay out systemic issues that need to be addressed at the national policy and regulatory level. This topic is relevant not only to full-scale EHR transitions, but also has applicability for significant EHR version changes.
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Taylor, Genevieve, Melissa Smith, Sarah Dotters-Katz, Arlene Davis, Wayne Price, and Jacquelyn Patterson. "Transitions in Care for Infants with Trisomy 13 or 18." American Journal of Perinatology 34, no. 09 (March 16, 2017): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1600912.
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Background and Objectives The scope of interventions offered to infants with trisomy 13 (T13) or trisomy 18 (T18) is increasing. We describe the spectrum of care provided, highlighting transitions in care for individual patients. Patients and Methods This is a single-center, retrospective cohort of infants with T13 or T18 born between 2004 and 2015. Initial care was classified as comfort care or intervention using prenatal counseling notes. Transitions in care were identified in the medical record. Results In this study, 25 infants were divided into two groups based on their care: neonates who experienced no transition in care and neonates who experienced at least one transition. Eleven neonates experienced no transition in care with 10 receiving comfort care. Fourteen neonates experienced at least one transition: three transitioned from comfort care to intervention and 11 from intervention to comfort care. The three initially provided comfort care were discharged home with hospice and readmitted. Among the 11 cases who transitioned from intervention to comfort care, 9 transitioned during the birth hospitalization, 6 had no prenatal suspicion for T13 or T18, and 5 experienced elective withdrawal of intensive care. Conclusion The spectrum of care for infants with T13 or T18 illustrates the need for individualized counseling that is on-going, goal directed, collaborative, and responsive.
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Brisini, Kellie St Cyr, Denise Haunani Solomon, and Jon Nussbaum. "Transitions in marriage." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, no. 6 (March 23, 2017): 831–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517699283.
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This study examines transitions in marriage by merging the frameworks of the relational turbulence model and the experiencing life transitions model. An online survey presented 208 married individuals with open-ended questions and closed-ended scales that gathered information about a particularly important transition in the respondent’s marriage, the quality of their relationship during the transition, and the strategies used to navigate the transition. Analyses, which focused on 157 participants who reported experiencing a transition in their marriage, revealed 10 categories of transitions, the most frequent of which were sparked by health issues or the death of a loved one. Type of transition demonstrated unique associations with relational uncertainty, interference from a partner, relational turbulence, and transition processing activity. Several significant associations between qualities of relational turbulence, engagement in transition processing activity, and transition valence emerged.
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Dockett, Sue, and Bob Perry. "Invisible transitions: Transitions to school following different paths." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 46, no. 3 (April 16, 2021): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18369391211009698.
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Most children starting primary school in Australia do so after attending early childhood education and participating in a transition to school programme. While this has become the expected pathway, it is not the one followed by all children and their families. In this article, we describe visible transitions as those that are known, understood and planned – that is, they follow the expected path. In contrast, invisible transitions occur when children and families arrive unexpectedly at school. Drawing on two studies involving 30 schools in two different states of Australia, we report the scope and nature of invisible transitions and the challenges and opportunities arising from invisible transitions in these schools. Each of the schools reported instances of invisible transitions. Some, but not all, schools promoted strategies involving school staff, other families and children to support those arriving unexpectedly. While invisible transition was identified as a challenge, the opportunities for reflecting on existing transition approaches and building inclusive strategies were also noted.
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Tang, Xiaochu, and Yuan Li. "Phase division and transition modeling based on the dominant phase identification for multiphase batch process quality prediction." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 1022–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219881343.
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Batch processes are carried out from one steady phase to another one, which may have multiphase and transitions. Modeling in transitions besides in the steady phases should also be taken into consideration for quality prediction. In this paper, a quality prediction strategy is proposed for multiphase batch processes. First, a new repeatability factor is introduced to divide batch process into different steady phases and transitions. Then, the different local cumulative models that considered the cumulative effect of process variables on quality are established for steady phases and transitions. Compared with the reported modeling methods in transitions, a novel just-in-time model can be established based on the dominant phase identification. The proposed method can not only consider the dynamic characteristic in the transition but also improve the accuracy and the efficiency of transitional models. Finally, online quality prediction is performed by accumulating the prediction results from different phases and transitions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by penicillin fermentation process.
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Sheikh, Fatima, Evelyn Gathecha, Alicia I. Arbaje, and Colleen Christmas. "Internal Medicine Residents’ Views About Care Transitions: Results of an Educational Intervention." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 8 (January 2021): 238212052098859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120520988590.
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Problem: Suboptimal care transitions can lead to re-hospitalizations. Intervention: We developed a 2-week “Transitions of Care Curriculum” to train first-year internal medicine residents to improve their knowledge and skills to deliver optimal transitional care. Our objective was to use reflective writing essays to evaluate the impact of the curriculum on the residents. Methods: The rotation included: Transition of Care Teaching modules, Transition Audit, Transitional Care Site Visits, and Transition of Care Conference. Residents performed the above elements of care transitions during the curriculum and wrote reflective essays about their experiences. These essays were analyzed to assess for the overall impact of the curriculum on the residents. Qualitative analysis of reflective essays was used to evaluate the impact of the curriculum. Of the 20 residents who completed the rotation, 18 reflective essays were available for qualitative analysis. Results: Five major themes identified in the reflective essays for improvement were: discharge planning, patient-centered care, continuity of care, goals of care discussions, and patient safety. The most discussed theme was continuity of care, with following subthemes: fragmentation of the healthcare system, disjointed care to the patients, patient specific factors contributing to lack of continuity of care, lack of primary care provider role as a coordinator of care, and challenges during discharge process. Residents also identified system-based gaps and suggested solutions to overcome these gaps. Conclusions: This experiential learning and use of reflective writing enhanced the residents’ self-identified awareness of gaps in care transitions and prompted them to generate ideas for systems improvement and personal actions to improve their practice during care transitions.
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Shenk, Mary K., Ryan O. Begley, David A. Nolin, and Andrew Swiatek. "When does matriliny fail? The frequencies and causes of transitions to and from matriliny estimated from a de novo coding of a cross-cultural sample." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1780 (July 15, 2019): 20190006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0006.
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The question of when and why societies have transitioned away from matriliny to other types of kinship systems—and when and why they transition towards matriliny—has a long history in anthropology, one that is heavily engaged with both evolutionary theory and cross-cultural research methods. This article presents tabulations from a new coding of ethnographic documents from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS), tallying claims of transitions in kinship systems both away from and to matriliny using various levels of stringency. We then use our counts as the outcome variables in a set of Bayesian analyses that simultaneously estimate the probability of a transition occurring given societal covariates alongside the conditional probability of detecting a transition given the volume of ethnographic data available to code. Our goal is to estimate the cross-cultural and comparative frequency of transitions away from and to matriliny, as well as to explore potential causes underlying these patterns. We find that transitions away from matriliny have been significantly more common than ‘reverse transitions' to matriliny. Our evidence suggests that both rates may be, in part, an artefact of the colonial and globalizing period during which the data comprising much of the current ethnographic record were recorded. Analyses of the correlates of transitions away from matriliny are consistent with several of the key causal arguments made by anthropologists over the past century, especially with respect to subsistence transition (to pastoralism, intensive agriculture and market economies), social complexity and colonialism, highlighting the importance of ecological factors in such transitions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
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Saunders, Stephanie, Marianne E. Weiss, Chris Meaney, Tieghan Killackey, Jaymie Varenbut, Emily Lovrics, Natalie Ernecoff, et al. "Examining the course of transitions from hospital to home-based palliative care: A mixed methods study." Palliative Medicine 35, no. 8 (September 2021): 1590–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02692163211023682.
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Background: Hospital-to-home transitions in palliative care are fraught with challenges. To assess transitions researchers have used patient reported outcome measures and qualitative data to give unique insights into a phenomenon. Few measures examine care setting transitions in palliative care, yet domains identified in other populations are likely relevant for patients receiving palliative care. Aim: Gain insight into how patients experience three domains, discharge readiness, transition quality, and discharge-coping, during hospital-to-home transitions. Design: Longitudinal, convergent parallel mixed methods study design with two data collection visits: in-hospital before and 3–4 weeks after discharge. Participants completed scales assessing discharge readiness, transition quality, and post discharge-coping. A qualitative interview was conducted at both visits. Data were analyzed separately and integrated using a merged transformative methodology, allowing us to compare and contrast the data. Setting and participants: Study was set in two tertiary hospitals in Toronto, Canada. Adult inpatients ( n = 25) and their caregivers ( n = 14) were eligible if they received a palliative care consultation and transitioned to home-based palliative care. Results: Results were organized aligning with the scales; finding low discharge readiness (5.8; IQR: 1.9), moderate transition quality (66.7; IQR: 33.33), and poor discharge-coping (5.0; IQR: 2.6), respectively. Positive transitions involved feeling well supported, managing medications, feeling well, and having healthcare needs met. Challenges in transitions were feeling unwell, confusion over medications, unclear healthcare responsibilities, and emotional distress. Conclusions: We identified aspects of these three domains that may be targeted to improve transitions through intervention development. Identified discrepancies between the data types should be considered for future research exploration.
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Samuel, Abneer E., and Enock Tinashe Tsapayi. "Navigating Psychological Crises in Leadership Transitions." Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 286–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mdke-2023-0018.
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Abstract This paper delves into the psychological crisis that leaders and managers in private higher education institutions (HEIs) encounter when transitioning into new job roles. The study employs Bridges’ Transition Model to examine the internal obstacles and adaptive measures that emerge during the transitional phase, with a specific emphasis on the psychological dimensions of the transitions. The study utilised a qualitative research methodology and grounded theory approach that involved conducting in-depth interviews and analysing relevant documents to investigate the experiences of leaders and managers in the context of organisational transitions. The results of the study offer significant contributions to the field of organisational management, particularly in the area of leadership succession planning. The findings shed light on effective strategies for managing leadership transitions, promoting smoother transitions, and providing adequate support to individuals in leadership positions during periods of organisational change.
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Goldman, A. M. "SUPERCONDUCTOR-INSULATOR TRANSITIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 20n21 (August 30, 2010): 4081–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210056451.
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Superconductor-insulator transitions, especially in thin films, can provide the simplest examples of the continuous quantum phase transition paradigm. Quantum phase transitions differ from thermal phase transitions in that they occur at zero temperature when the ground state of a system is changed in response to a variation of an external parameter of the Hamiltonian. In the example of the superconductor-insulator transition, this control parameter could be the parallel or perpendicular magnetic field, disorder, or charge density. Quantum phase transitions are studied through measurements at nonzero temperature of physical behaviors influenced by the quantum fluctuations associated with the transition. This review will focus on experimental aspects of superconductor-insulator transition in disordered films that are effectively two-dimensional. In particular, the evidence for quantum critical behavior in the various types of transitions will be presented. The various theoretical scenarios for the transitions will also be discussed along with the extent to which they are supported by experiment. Open questions relating to the nature of the very puzzling insulating regime and whether there are many different types of superconductor-insulator transitions will be presented. Although this research area is more than 20 years old, rather central issues are not resolved.
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Gagnon, Katia, Amandine E. Rey, Anne Guignard-Perret, Aurore Guyon, Eve Reynaud, Vania Herbillon, Jean-Marc Lina, Julie Carrier, Patricia Franco, and Stéphanie Mazza. "Sleep Stage Transitions and Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Children with Narcolepsy–Cataplexy." Children 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2023): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10101702.
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Electroencephalographic sleep stage transitions and altered first REM sleep period transitions have been identified as biomarkers of type 1 narcolepsy in adults, but not in children. Studies on memory complaints in narcolepsy have not yet investigated sleep-dependent memory consolidation. We aimed to explore stage transitions; more specifically altered REM sleep transition and its relationship with sleep-dependent memory consolidation in children with narcolepsy. Twenty-one children with narcolepsy–cataplexy and twenty-three healthy control children completed overnight polysomnography and sleep-dependent memory consolidation tests. Overnight transition rates (number of transitions per hour), global relative transition frequencies (number of transitions between a stage and all other stages/total number of transitions × 100), overnight transitions to REM sleep (transition from a given stage to REM/total REM transitions × 100), and altered first REM sleep period transitions (transitions from wake or N1 to the first REM period) were computed. Narcoleptic children had a significantly higher overnight transition rate with a higher global relative transition frequencies to wake. A lower sleep-dependent memory consolidation score found in children with narcolepsy was associated with a higher overnight transition frequency. As observed in narcoleptic adults, 90.48% of narcoleptic children exhibited an altered first REM sleep transition. As in adults, the altered sleep stage transition is also present in children with narcolepsy–cataplexy, and a higher transition rate could have an impact on sleep-dependent memory consolidation. These potential biomarkers could help diagnose type 1 narcolepsy in children more quickly; however, further studies with larger cohorts, including of those with type 2 narcolepsy and hypersomnia, are needed.
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Scott, Adam D., Dawn M. King, Stephen W. Ordway, and Sonya Bahar. "Phase transitions in evolutionary dynamics." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 12 (December 2022): 122101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124274.
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Sharp changes in state, such as transitions from survival to extinction, are hallmarks of evolutionary dynamics in biological systems. These transitions can be explored using the techniques of statistical physics and the physics of nonlinear and complex systems. For example, a survival-to-extinction transition can be characterized as a non-equilibrium phase transition to an absorbing state. Here, we review the literature on phase transitions in evolutionary dynamics. We discuss directed percolation transitions in cellular automata and evolutionary models, and models that diverge from the directed percolation universality class. We explore in detail an example of an absorbing phase transition in an agent-based model of evolutionary dynamics, including previously unpublished data demonstrating similarity to, but also divergence from, directed percolation, as well as evidence for phase transition behavior at multiple levels of the model system's evolutionary structure. We discuss phase transition models of the error catastrophe in RNA virus dynamics and phase transition models for transition from chemistry to biochemistry, i.e., the origin of life. We conclude with a review of phase transition dynamics in models of natural selection, discuss the possible role of phase transitions in unraveling fundamental unresolved questions regarding multilevel selection and the major evolutionary transitions, and assess the future outlook for phase transitions in the investigation of evolutionary dynamics.
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García Diaz, José Eduardo. "¿Ciudades en transición? Las nuevas dinámicas municipales y las transiciones ecosociales." Hábitat y Sociedad, no. 12 (2019): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/habitatysociedad.2019.i12.10.
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Saleem, Jason J., and Jennifer Herout. "Transitioning from one Electronic Health Record (EHR) to Another: A Narrative Literature Review." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621112.
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This paper reports the results of a literature review of health care organizations that have transitioned from one electronic health record (EHR) to another. Ten different EHR to EHR transitions are documented in the academic literature. In eight of the 10 transitions, the health care organization transitioned to Epic, a commercial EHR which is dominating the market for large and medium hospitals and health care systems. The focus of the articles reviewed falls into two main categories: (1) data migration from the old to new EHR and (2) implementation of the new EHR as it relates to patient safety, provider satisfaction, and other measures pre-and post-transition. Several conclusions and recommendations are derived from this review of the literature, which may be informative for healthcare organizations preparing to replace an existing EHR. These recommendations are likely broadly relevant to EHR to EHR transitions, regardless of the new EHR vendor.
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Livanou, Maria I., Vivek Furtado, and Swaran P. Singh. "Mentally disordered young offenders in transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services across England and Wales." Journal of Forensic Practice 19, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose This paper provides an overview of transitions across forensic child and adolescent mental health services in England and Wales. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the national secure services system for young people in contact with the youth justice system. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews findings from the existing literature of transitions across forensic child and adolescent mental health services, drawing attention to present facilitators and barriers to optimal transition. The authors examine the infrastructure of current services and highlight gaps between child and adult service continuity and evaluate the impact of poor transitions on young offenders’ mental health and wellbeing. Findings Young offenders experience a broad range of difficulties, from the multiple interfaces with the legal system, untreated mental health problems, and poor transition to adult services. Barriers such as long waiting lists, lack of coordination between services and lack of transition preparation impede significantly smooth transitions. Research limitations/implications The authors need to develop, test and evaluate models of transitional care that improve mental health and wellbeing of this group. Practical implications Mapping young offenders’ care pathway will help to understand their needs and also to impact current policy and practice. Key workers in forensic services should facilitate the transition process by developing sustainable relationships with the young person and creating a safe clinical environment. Originality/value Transition of care from forensic child and adolescent mental health services is a neglected area. This paper attempts to highlight the nature and magnitude of the problems at the transition interface in a forensic context.
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Yilmazer, Senem, Duncan Schwaller, and Philippe J. Mésini. "Beyond Sol-Gel: Molecular Gels with Different Transitions." Gels 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2023): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9040273.
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The existence of sol–gel transitions is one of the most manifest properties of molecular gels. These transitions reflect their nature since they correspond to the association or dissociation of low weight molecules through non-covalent interactions to form the network constitutive of the gel. Most described molecular gels undergo only one gel-to-sol transition upon heating, and the reverse sol-to-gel transition upon cooling. It has been long observed that different conditions of formation could lead to gels with different morphologies, and that gels can undergo a transition from gel to crystals. However, more recent publications report molecular gels which exhibit additional transitions, for instance gel-to-gel transitions. This review surveys the molecular gels for which, in addition to sol–gel transitions, transitions of different nature have been reported: gel-to-gel transitions, gel-to-crystal transition, liquid–liquid phase separations, eutectic transformations, and synereses.
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KIM, SANG PYO. "DYNAMICAL THEORY OF PHASE TRANSITIONS AND COSMOLOGICAL EW AND QCD PHASE TRANSITIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 17n20 (June 28, 2008): 1325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308027692.
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We critically review the cosmological EW and QCD phase transitions. The EW and QCD phase transitions would have proceeded dynamically since the expansion of the universe determines the quench rate and critical behaviors at the onset of phase transition slow down the phase transition. We introduce a real-time quench model for dynamical phase transitions and describe the evolution using a canonical real-time formalism. We find the correlation function, the correlation length and time and then discuss the cosmological implications of dynamical phase transitions on EW and QCD phase transitions in the early universe.
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Nhemachena, Artwell, Tapiwa V. Warikandwa, and Nkosinothando Mpofu. "Worse Than “Bushmen” and Transhumance? Transitology and the Resilient Cannibalization of African Heritages." Journal of Black Studies 51, no. 6 (May 4, 2020): 503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934720917572.
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Although Eurocentric scholars theorize the world in terms of Western evolutionary progress rather than de-evolutionary retrogression, this paper takes a different perspective. Forced to transition away from their tangible and intangible heritages, from their families and marriages, cultures, societies, polities, and economies in ways that legitimized imperial claims to res nullius (unowned resources) and terra nullius (empty land), some indigenous people wittingly and unwittingly increasingly devolved their heritages to the colonialists that benefited from the African transitions. The point here is that unlike “Bushmen” and those that practiced transhumance, contemporary Africans are forced to transition, to change and to transform away from owning and controlling their tangible and intangible resources, including land, culture, laws, religions, polities, economies, livestock, families, marriages, and so on. Whereas “Bushmen” and transhumance migrated and transitioned while retaining ownership and control over their land, forests, livestock, and so on, contemporary Africans are forced to transition in ways that divorce them from their families, marriages, cultures, religions, polities, and from ownership of their material resources. Because Eurocentric forms of transition put African institutions and resources on the chopping boards, we argue that this kind of transition is cannibalistic. Made to believe that transition is easier to accomplish without the supposed burden of repossessing ownership and control over one’s resources, Africans are witnessed as disinherited and wandering around the world arguably in ways that even precolonial “Bushmen” and transhumance pastoralists would not envy. There is no justice in “transitional justice” that transitions indigenous people from their heritages.
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Skobelev, V. V. "Attributed Transition Systems with Hidden Transitions." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 53, no. 4 (July 2017): 524–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10559-017-9954-2.
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Duan, Menglei, Connor Bax, Kati Laakso, Nooshin Mashhadi, Nelson Mattie, and Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa. "Characterizing Transitions between Successional Stages in a Tropical Dry Forest Using LiDAR Techniques." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020479.
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Secondary succession is defined as natural regeneration following complete forest clearance from anthropogenic or natural disturbances. Traditional strategies aimed to map and characterize secondary succession using remote sensing are usually based on deterministic approaches, where transitions between successional stages are not considered. These transitions represent rich environments between successional stages and play a key role in ecosystem regeneration. Here, we evaluate the use of the Full-waveform Airborne LiDAR to characterize changes in forest structure between the transition of early-to-intermediate and intermediate-to-late forest succession at the Santa Rosa National Park Environmental Monitoring Super Site (SRNP-EMSS), Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The vertical forest structure was analyzed on twenty cross-sections selected between forest transitions previously mapped using machine learning; leaf area density (LAD) and waveform metrics were studied based on the waveform profile derived from twenty-seven plots distributed in different successional forest patches. Results suggest that LiDAR techniques can identify forest structure differences between successional stages and their transitions. The significance proves that transitions exist, highlights the unique transitional characteristics between intermediate and late successional stages and contributes to understanding the significance of inter-successional stages (transitions) in secondary dry forests.
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Smith, Audris D., and Judith Treschuk. "Disconnects and Silos in Transitional Care: Single-Case Study of Model Implementation in Home Health Care." Home Health Care Management & Practice 30, no. 3 (March 22, 2018): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822318765737.
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Transitional care incorporates actions to ensure the coordination and continuity of care between provider settings (ie, hospitals, nursing homes, home health care, patients’ home, and physician offices) occurs to meet the patient’s goals relative to their disease management. The evolution of transitional care over the past decade has facilitated the emergence of several transitional care models. However, there is a dearth of understanding related to the collaboration between nurse transition coaches and home care nurses when implementing transitional care model activities to achieve desired patient outcomes in the home health care setting. This case study describes the enactment of a specific transitional care model’s conceptual framework to derive an in-depth understanding of the collaborations between nurse transition coaches and home health nurses in the unique context of home health care. The case is a specific patient-centered Care Transitions Intervention (CTI) model with 4 embedded subunits: (1) the experiences and actions of the nurse transitions coach, (2) the experiences and actions of the home health nurse, (3) document and artifacts review, and (4) the experiences and observations of key leadership stakeholders involved in transitional care activities in one home health care organization located in Michigan.
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Oduro, Michael S., Samuel Iddi, Louis Asiedu, Gershim Asiki, and Damazo T. Kadengye. "Utilizing a multi-stage transition model for analysing child stunting in two urban slum settlements of Nairobi: A longitudinal analysis, 2011-2014." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 26, 2024): e0272684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272684.
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Introduction Stunting is common among children in many low and middle income countries, particularly in rural and urban slum settings. Few studies have described child stunting transitions and the associated factors in urban slum settlements. We describe transitions between stunting states and associated factors among children living in Nairobi slum settlements. Methods This study used data collected between 2010 and 2014 from the Nairobi Urban and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) and a vaccination study nested within the surveillance system. A subset of 692 children aged 0 to 3 years, with complete anthropometric data, and household socio-demographic data was used for the analysis. Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) was used to define stunting: normal (HAZ ≥ 1), marginally stunted (-2 ≤ HAZ < -1), moderately stunted (-3 ≤ HAZ < -2), and severely stunted (HAZ < -3). Transitions from one stunting level to another and in the reverse direction were computed. The associations between explanatory factors and the transitions between four child stunting states were modeled using a continuous-time multi-state model. Results We observed that 48%, 39%, 41%, and 52% of children remained in the normal, marginally stunted, moderately stunted, and severely stunted states, respectively. About 29% transitioned from normal to marginally stunted state, 15% to the moderately stunted state, and 8% to the severely stunted state. Also, 8%, 12%, and 29% back transitioned from severely stunted, moderately stunted, and marginally stunted states, to the normal state, respectively. The shared common factors associated with all transitions to a more severe state include: male gender, ethnicity (only for mild and severe transition states), child’s age, and household food insecurity. In Korogocho, children whose parents were married and those whose mothers had attained primary or post-primary education were associated with a transition from a mild state into a moderately stunted state. Children who were breastfed exclusively were less likely to transition from moderate to severe stunting state. Conclusion These findings reveal a high burden of stunting and transitions in urban slums. Context-specific interventions targeting the groups of children identified by the socio-demographic factors are needed. Improving food security and exclusive breastfeeding could potentially reduce stunting in the slums.
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Segers, Veerle, Peter Aerts, Matthieu Lenoir, and Dirk De Clercq. "External Forces during Actual Acceleration across Transition Speed." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24, no. 4 (November 2008): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.4.340.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the kinetics of the walk-to-run transition (WRT) and run-to-walk transition (RWT), when accelerating or decelerating across transition speed (a = 0.17 m·s−2). Nine women performed gait transitions on a 50-m-long walkway. Vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) and the center of pressure (COP) were examined in the range from 3 steps before to 3 steps after transition in order to identify the possible occurrence of a transition process, in order to facilitate the actual realization of transition. The actual transition is realized in one step, during WRT and RWT. This transition step was characterized by an outlying vertical GRF and COP trajectory (deviating from walking and running). Despite this clear discontinuity, a transitional adaptation period (process) appeared in both transitions. In the WRT, transition was prepared and kinetic adaptations were found in the last step before transition. The RWT was pre- and “post”-pared and only completed during the first walking step after transition. Thus, the WRT and RWT are two distinct phenomena, with different kinetics.
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Colglazier, Elizabeth, Angelica J. Ng, Claire Parker, Hythem Nawaytou, and Jeffrey R. Fineman. "Safety and Tolerability of a Rapid Transition From Intravenous Treprostinil to Oral Selexipag in Three Adolescent Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 26, no. 5 (June 28, 2021): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-26.5.512.
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There is limited published experience with transitioning pediatric patients from parenteral treprostinil to oral selexipag therapy. In addition, published transitions have typically been protracted, taking several weeks to complete. We present a case series of 3 adolescent patients who were transitioned from parenteral treprostinil to oral selexipag over a 5- to 7-day period. Their clinical courses leading up to the transitions are summarized and their outcomes are described. The 3 patients were successfully rapidly transitioned during an inpatient hospitalization without any observed adverse events or prostacyclin-related side effects. We conclude that when indicated rapid transition of parenteral to oral prostacyclin therapy may be performed safely in adolescents in an inpatient setting.
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Fang, Yong, Bao Qing Zeng, Wen Tao Zhang, and Pu Wang. "Millimeter Wave Characterization of Wire Bond Transitions for W-Band Electromagnetic Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.103.
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This paper presents millimeter wave characterization and models of various wire bond transitions between chip’s ground-signal-ground pad (GSG) and microstrip (MS), include single-wire-nomatch MS-GSG transition, double-wire-nomatch MS-GSG, single-wire-match MS-GSG transition, and double-wire-match MS-GSG transition. It also presents the 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulation. Analysis results show that the double-wire-match MS-GSG transition’s characteristic is better than other three transitions in the whole W band. The accurate extracted parameter values are used for the lumped equivalent circuit model, whose simulation results are good with the full wave simulation results. The error between lumped equivalent circuit and full-wave models is of the order of ±0.2dB for S11 and S21 in the frequency range 75 - 105GHz. The proposed lumped equivalent circuit is suitable to be implemented in commercial microwave CAD tools for the electromagnetic sensor designing.
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Boudol, Gérard, and Ilaria Castellani. "A Non-Interleaving Semantics for CCS Based on Proved Transitions." Fundamenta Informaticae 11, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1988-11406.
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When using labelled transition systems to model languages like CCS or TCSP, one specifies transitions by a set of structural rules. We consider labelling transitions with their proofs – in the given system of rules – instead of simple actions. Then the label of a transition identifies uniquely that transition, and one may use this information to define a concurrency relation on (proved) transitions, and a notion of residual of a (proved) transition by a concurrent one. We apply Berry and Lévy’s notion of equivalence by permutations to sequences of proved transitions for CCS to obtain a partial order semantics for this language.
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Foley, Robert A. "Mosaic evolution and the pattern of transitions in the hominin lineage." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1698 (July 5, 2016): 20150244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0244.
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Humans are uniquely unique, in terms of the extreme differences between them and other living organisms, and the impact they are having on the biosphere. The evolution of humans can be seen, as has been proposed, as one of the major transitions in evolution, on a par with the origins of multicellular organisms or the eukaryotic cell (Maynard Smith & Szathmáry 1997 Major transitions in evolution ). Major transitions require the evolution of greater complexity and the emergence of new evolutionary levels or processes. Does human evolution meet these conditions? I explore the diversity of evidence on the nature of transitions in human evolution. Four levels of transition are proposed—baseline, novel taxa, novel adaptive zones and major transitions—and the pattern of human evolution considered in the light of these. The primary conclusions are that changes in human evolution occur continuously and cumulatively; that novel taxa and the appearance of new adaptations are not clustered very tightly in particular periods, although there are three broad transitional phases (Pliocene, Plio-Pleistocene and later Quaternary). Each phase is distinctive, with the first based on ranging and energetics, the second on technology and niche expansion, and the third on cognition and cultural processes. I discuss whether this constitutes a ‘major transition’ in the context of the evolutionary processes more broadly; the role of behaviour in evolution; and the opportunity provided by the rich genetic, phenotypic (fossil morphology) and behavioural (archaeological) record to examine in detail major transitions and the microevolutionary patterns underlying macroevolutionary change. It is suggested that the evolution of the hominin lineage is consistent with a mosaic pattern of change. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Major transitions in human evolution’.
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VanMaaren, Victoria, Stephanie Daniels, Peter Ignacio, Merilee McCurdy, and Christopher H. Skinner. "Reducing Hallway Disruptions in Elementary Students Using a Modified Timely Transitions Game." Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 22, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098300719857187.
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Inappropriate behaviors are common during hallway transitions. Researchers have successfully reduced hallway transition times using the Timely Transitions Game, which involves applying interdependent group rewards delivered contingent upon a class’s transition time. A multiple-baseline design was used to evaluate effects of a modified Timely Transitions Game (i.e., a response cost component was added to typical Timely Transition Game procedures) on inappropriate hallway transition behavior across three elementary summer program classrooms. Visual analysis of a repeated-measures graph and statistical analysis suggested that the modified Timely Transitions Game caused immediate, consistent, and meaningful reductions in inappropriate transition behaviors across classrooms. The modified Timely Transitions Game may be an effective prevention and remediation procedure consistent with approaches focusing on reducing inappropriate behavior via the application of behavioral strategies. Discussion is focused on the need for additional studies to evaluate longitudinal effects and the generalizability of the current findings.
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Alert, Ricard, Pietro Tierno, and Jaume Casademunt. "Mixed-order phase transition in a colloidal crystal." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 49 (November 20, 2017): 12906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712584114.
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Mixed-order phase transitions display a discontinuity in the order parameter like first-order transitions yet feature critical behavior like second-order transitions. Such transitions have been predicted for a broad range of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems, but their experimental observation has remained elusive. Here, we analytically predict and experimentally realize a mixed-order equilibrium phase transition. Specifically, a discontinuous solid–solid transition in a 2D crystal of paramagnetic colloidal particles is induced by a magnetic field H. At the transition field Hs, the energy landscape of the system becomes completely flat, which causes diverging fluctuations and correlation length ξ∝|H2−Hs2|−1/2. Mean-field critical exponents are predicted, since the upper critical dimension of the transition is du=2. Our colloidal system provides an experimental test bed to probe the unconventional properties of mixed-order phase transitions.
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Nakamura, Bryson H., and Michael E. Hahn. "MYOELECTRIC ACTIVATION DIFFERENCES IN TRANSFEMORAL AMPUTEES DURING LOCOMOTOR STATE TRANSITIONS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 28, no. 06 (December 2016): 1650041. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237216500411.
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Locomotor state transitions are challenging for transfemoral (TF) amputees due to the lack of active knee control even in the current powered prosthetic devices. Myoelectric activation has been used successfully to classify steady-state locomotion states, but classification of transitions between locomotion states remains a challenge, especially for TF amputees. The purpose of this study was to determine if lower-extremity muscle activation differences between pre-transition and transition gait cycles occur in the involved or uninvolved limb of TF amputees during locomotion state transitions. Surface electromyography (EMG) was collected from residual muscles on the involved limb and from the uninvolved limb from five TF amputees as they transitioned between different locomotion states (level ground, ramp ascent/descent, stair ascent/descent). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to assess differences in activation. When analyzed as a group, the only significant differences were observed in the vastus lateralis of the uninvolved limb. High inter-subject variation reduced the significance of other pattern differences. Further inspection revealed that the individual subjects expressed three different recruitment patterns. These recruitment patterns may indicate compensatory strategies adopted by the subjects over the years since amputation. Furthermore, the separate recruitment patterns suggest the need for individualized locomotion transition classification algorithms rather than a general classification scheme.
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Egenvall, Agneta, Hilary M. Clayton, Marie Eisersiö, Lars Roepstorff, and Anna Byström. "Rein Tension in Transitions and Halts during Equestrian Dressage Training." Animals 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100712.
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In dressage, the performance of transitions between gaits and halts is an integral part of riding sessions. The study aimed to evaluate rein tension before, during and after the transitions between different gaits and the transitions into halts. The kinematic (inertial measurement units) data for the head and croup, and rein tension data, were collected (128 Hz) from six professional riders each riding three of their own horses, training levels varying from basic to advanced, during normal training sessions. The activities were categorised into gaits, halts and transitions based on video evaluation. The transitions were categorised as without (type 1) or with (type 2) intermediate steps that are not normally present in the gaits preceding or following the transition. The differences in the median rein tension before/during/after transitions, between the types and left/right reins were analysed in mixed models. The rein tension just before the transition was the strongest determinant of tension during the transition. The rein tension was slightly lower during upward transitions compared to downward transitions, reflecting the pattern of the preceding gait. Type 1 and 2 downward transitions were not different regarding rein tension. The left rein tension was lower than right rein tension. The rein tension associated with the transitions and halts varied substantially between riders and horses. The generally strong association of the gaits and their inherent biomechanics with rein tension should be taken into account when riding transitions and halts.
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Kim, Sung Chull. "Transitions without Transitional Justice in Asia." Asian Journal of Peacebuilding 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.18588/201911.00a087.
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Kim, Sung Chull. "Transitions without Transitional Justice in Asia." Asian Journal of Peacebuilding 7, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.18588/202011.00a087.
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Reifsteck, Erin J., Jamian D. Newton, Melinda B. Smith, DeAnne Davis Brooks, and Shelby N. Anderson. "Journey From Control to Liberation: Exploring Student-Athletes’ Physical Activity Perceptions and Experiences in the Transition Out of Collegiate Sport." Sport Psychologist 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0169.
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There is growing interest in how athletes’ physical activity participation may be impacted when they transition out of competitive sport; however, few studies have examined the process of physical activity transitions in collegiate student-athletes using a qualitative approach. The purpose of our study was to explore student-athletes’ perceptions of, and experiences with, physical activity in the transition out of collegiate sport. Our analysis of transcripts from 13 focus groups conducted with current and former student-athletes (n = 59) suggests that student-athletes experienced a journey from control to liberation as they transitioned into their postcompetitive lives. In this exciting yet challenging transitional journey, participants were faced with navigating newfound autonomy over their physical activity outside of the controlled environment of collegiate sports and were considering the value and meaning of physical activity within a health promoting context. We offer practical recommendations from these findings to support student-athletes in this transition.
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Sargent, Therese, Lillian Hansen, and Robin Hohsfield. "Transitions between infused and oral prostacyclin pathway agents in pulmonary arterial hypertension: key considerations." Pulmonary Circulation 10, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 204589402093132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045894020931324.
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Prostacyclin pathway agents are a critical treatment for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Seven prostacyclin pathway agents are available, including agents administered by parenteral infusion, by inhalation, and orally. Pulmonary arterial hypertension patients are now transitioned from one prostacyclin pathway agent to another with increasing frequency. Such transitions require careful downtitration and uptitration to avoid decompensation from rapid withdrawal and to achieve a patient's optimal dose based on efficacy and tolerability. Clinical guidance is especially lacking for transitions involving the newer, oral prostacyclin pathway agents; specifically, selexipag and oral treprostinil. We present three case reports of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who underwent one or more transition between parenteral and oral prostacyclin pathway agents, including some transitions that were successful and some that were not. These cases illustrate key considerations, such as titration protocols, patient selection, side effect management, and pharmacokinetics.
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Andriushchenko, Petr Dmitrievich, and Konstantin Valentinovich Nefedev. "Magnetic Phase Transitions in the Lattice Ising Model." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.166.
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In this paper we consider an approach, which allows the research of order-disorder transitionin lattice systems (with any distribution of the exchange integrals) in the frame of Ising model. Anew order parameters, which can give a description of a phase transitions, are found. The commondefinition of such order parameter is the mean value of percolation cluster size. Percolation clusterincludes spins in ground state. The transition from absolute disorder to correlated phase could bestudied with using of percolation theory methods.
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Schilling, Thorsten, Romano Wyss, and Claudia Binder. "The Resilience of Sustainability Transitions." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 4593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124593.
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Finding ways to understand, analyze, and manage sustainability transitions is a fundamental challenge for sustainability science. In this paper, we show how we can substantially deepen our understanding of factors that determine the success of sustainability transitions by combining two key concepts from the resilience literature—stability and adaptability—with a dynamic understanding of the progress of socio-technical transitions. We propose a conceptual perspective for sustainability transitions, the resilience of sustainability transitions (RST) concept, which integrates progress, stability, and adaptability as key dimensions to comprehend the dynamics of sustainability transitions. In a case analysis of the energy transition process in the Austrian region of Weiz-Gleisdorf, we apply the concept. In doing so, we illustrate how RST thinking helps identify and understand crucial elements that influence the dynamics of a sustainability transition process.
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Zhao, Yongling, Chengwang Lei, and John C. Patterson. "The K-type and H-type transitions of natural convection boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 824 (July 5, 2017): 352–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.354.
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The K-type and H-type transitions of a natural convection boundary layer of a fluid of Prandtl number 7 adjacent to an isothermally heated vertical surface are investigated by means of three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS). These two types of transitions refer to different flow features at the transitional stage from laminar to turbulence caused by two different types of perturbations. To excite the K-type transition, superimposed Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) and oblique waves of the same frequency are introduced into the boundary layer. It is found that a three-layer longitudinal vortex structure is present in the boundary layer undergoing the K-type transition. The typical aligned $\wedge$-shaped vortices characterizing the K-type transition are observed for the first time in pure natural convection boundary layers. For exciting the H-type transition, superimposed TS and oblique waves of different frequencies, with the frequency of the oblique waves being half of the frequency of the TS waves, are introduced into the boundary layer. Unlike the three-layer longitudinal vortex structure observed in the K-type transition, a double-layer longitudinal vortex structure is observed in the boundary layer undergoing the H-type transition. The successively staggered $\wedge$-shaped vortices characterizing the H-type transition are also observed in the downstream boundary layer. The staggered pattern of $\wedge$-shaped vortices is considered to be caused by temporal modulation of the TS and oblique waves. Interestingly the flow structures of both the K-type and H-type transitions observed in the natural convection boundary layer are qualitatively similar to those observed in Blasius boundary layers. However, an analysis of turbulence energy production suggests that the turbulence energy production by buoyancy rather than Reynolds stresses dominates the K-type and H-type transitions. In contrast, the turbulence energy production by Reynolds stresses is the only factor contributing to the transition in Blasius boundary layers.
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Kubiak, J. Z., M. Weber, G. Geraud, and B. Maro. "Cell cycle modification during the transitions between meiotic M-phases in mouse oocytes." Journal of Cell Science 102, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.102.3.457.
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When metaphase II-arrested mouse oocytes (M II) are activated very soon after ovulation, they respond abortively by second polar body extrusion followed by another metaphase arrest (metaphase III, M III; Kubiak, 1989). The M II/M III transition resembles the natural transition between the first and second meiotic metaphases (M I/M II). We observed that a similar sequence of events takes place during these two transitions: after anaphase, a polar body is extruded, the microtubules of the midbody disappear rapidly and a new metaphase spindle forms. The MPM-2 monoclonal antibody (which reacts with phosphorylated proteins associated with the centrosome during M-phase) stains discrete foci of peri-centriolar material only in metaphase arrested oocytes; during both transitional periods, a diffuse staining is observed, suggesting that these centrosomal proteins are dephosphorylated, as in a normal interphase. However, the chromosomes always remain condensed and an interphase network of microtubules is never observed during the transitional periods. Incorporation of 32P into proteins increases specifically during the transitional periods. Pulse-chase experiments, after labeling of the oocytes in M phase with 32P, showed that a 62 kDa phosphoprotein band disappears at the time of polar body extrusion. Histone H1 kinase activity (which reflects the activity of the maturation promoting factor) drops during both transitional periods to the level characteristic of interphase and then increases when the new spindle forms. Both the M I/M II and M II/M III transitions require protein synthesis as demonstrated by the effect of puromycin. These results suggest that the two M-phase/M-phase transitions are probably driven by the same molecular mechanism.
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SHARE, DONALD. "Transitions to Democracy and Transition through Transaction." Comparative Political Studies 19, no. 4 (January 1987): 525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414087019004004.
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Democratization from authoritarian rule has been an important focus of scholarly interest in the 1980s. However, no typology of democratic transitions currently exists. This article introduces a typology of transitions from authoritarianism to democracy with four major types: incremental democratization, transition through rupture, transition through protracted revolutionary struggle, and transition through transaction. The remainder of the article discusses the conditions for one type of democratic transition, transition through transaction, in Spain (1975-1978). As the Spanish case suggests, the conditions for this type of transition are quite different from those required for other forms of transition. The summary discussion of the Spanish case is divided into a consideration of the conditions for the initiation of transition through transaction, and an examination of the conditions for the implementation of transition through transaction. Both sections emphasize the crucial role of elite attitudes and skill in transitions through transaction.
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Kochan, Andrzej, Emilia Koper, Przemysław Ilczuk, and Łukasz Gruba. "Transitions in ERTMS/ETCS system." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 121 (June 1, 2018): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4575.
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The article concerns the issue of transition in ERTMS/ETCS system. The document discusses the selection and distribution of balises relevant for transition. The possibilities and limitations resulting from the selected configuration of the system in the scope of balises are presented. General principles of transition execution were also presented and a unified description of transitions between ERTMS/ETCS levels was proposed. The article describes balis groups important from the point of view of transition and telegrams exchanged in the process of transition. The selected example shows a description of transitions, including specified functional steps, their variants and an analysis of hazards for particular stages. The article highlights the complexity of the transition process and the fact that the issue of transition between the levels of ERTMS/ETCS system will be a real challenge for the railway industry in the upcoming years.
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Lenz, Brenda. "The Transition From Adolescence to Young Adulthood: A Theoretical Perspective." Journal of School Nursing 17, no. 6 (December 2001): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405010170060401.
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Life transitions are periods in time when individuals experience major changes. Transitions may occur during periods between two relatively stable states of human development. The associated changes with the transition bring instability as the person passes through the period. During this period, the individual is typically required to make major adjustments, to develop new skills, or to learn to cope with new experiences. One major life transition begins during the final year or years of high school. This transition, unlike childhood transitions, for many individuals will include a move from one’s childhood home and away from their family of origin and from an established network of friends. A successful transition to young adulthood will form a foundation for the individual in future stages of development and transitions. Three frameworks of transition, developmental psychology, counseling, and nursing, are described.