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1

BORGHINI, NICOLAS. "Sur certaines implications cosmologiques de la transition de phase quark-hadron." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066069.

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Nous etudions, dans le cadre d'un modele effectif de physique des particules couramment utilise en physique hadronique a basse energie, la transition de phase prevue par la chromodynamique quantique entre la phase hadronique et le plasma de quarks et de gluons. Dans le contexte cosmologique de l'univers primordial, nous trouvons qu'a l'issue de la transition lors de laquelle les quarks, initialement libres, ont ete confines a l'interieur des hadrons, des vestiges de la phase initiale avec un contenu en particules de l'ordre de celui du soleil - les etoiles a quarks - se sont formes. De plus, l'univers connait durant la transition un episode de mini-inflation, susceptible de diluer une densite de quarks initiale elevee comme celle que peut creer un mecanisme de baryogenese du type de celui propose par affleck et dine. Cela conduit a supposer que les densites de particules dans l'univers tres primordial ne sont pas negligeables, comme on le pense habituellement, et a reprendre l'etude en tenant compte de cette possible densite de quarks finie. Enfin, il apparait que les etoiles a quarks formees lors de la transition de phase quark-hadron ont pu subsister jusqu'a nos jours, ce qui permet de les identifier avec une fraction des objets sombres compacts constituant la matiere noire detectes par les observations de microlentilles gravitationnelles.
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2

Faure, Rémi. "Neutrinos, cosmological phase transitions and the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP081.

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L'asymétrie entre matière et antimatière est un problème non résolu de la cosmologie. Une approche populaire pour l'expliquer est la leptogénèse avec des neutrinos stériles, qui sont des particules motivées expérimentalement pour expliquer les masses des neutrinos actifs du Modèle Standard. Il est possible d'inclure dans les scénarios de leptogénèse une transition de phase cosmologique qui donne leur masse aux neutrinos stériles. Cette idée est intéressante phénoménologiquement, car une transition de phase produit des ondes gravitationnelles pouvant être détectées. À la température de la transition de phase T, les neutrinos stériles obtiennent une masse M. Deux mécanismes sont considérés. Pour des neutrinos stériles non-relativistes M>T déviant de l'équilibre lors de la transition de phase, l'asymétrie leptonique est créée lors de leurs désintégrations. La rapidité de la transition permet d'avoir une population de neutrinos stériles initiale plus importante que dans le cas standard et améliore la création d'asymétrie. L'analyse numérique permet de décrire l'espace des paramètres où la leptogénèse est réussie. Pour des neutrinos stériles relativistes M
The baryon asymmetry in our Universe is an unsolved problem in cosmology. A popular approach for explaining it is leptogenesis with sterile neutrinos, which are particles motivated in order to explain the masses of active neutrinos in the Standard Model. It is possible to include in these scenarios a cosmological phase transition which gives rise to the sterile neutrino masses. This idea is phenomenologically interesting, as such a phase transition could produce detectable gravitational waves. At the temperature T of the phase transition, sterile neutrinos acquire a mass M. Two mechanisms are considered. For non-relativistic sterile neutrinos M>T, deviating from equilibrium due to the phase transition, they will quickly decay and produce a lepton asymmetry. The rapidity of the phase transition allows a larger sterile neutrino population than in usual scenarios and enhances the created asymmetry. Numerical analyses describe the successful regions in parameter space for leptogenesis. For relativistic sterile neutrinos M
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3

Florakis, Ioannis. "Théorie des Cordes et Applications Phénoménologiques et Cosmologiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607408.

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Cette thèse traite des applications de la Théorie des Cordes aux problèmes de la cosmologie et de la phénoménologie. En particulier, nous étudions des problèmes liés à la description de l'état initial de l'Univers, en utilisant les méthodes perturbatives de la Théorie des Cordes. Après une présentation des outils nécessaires, nous présentons une nouvelle symétrie de dégénérescence spectrale entre les états massifs bosoniques et fermioniques (appelée symétrie MSDS), se trouvant aux points particuliers de l'espace des modules. Nous étudions les déformations marginales des vides MSDS et mettons en évidence leur interprétation thermique, et leur lien avec la résolution des divergences de Hagedorn de la thermodynamique des cordes. L'évolution cosmologique d'un vide thermique bidimensionnel est présentée. On démontre que la prise en compte des tous les degrés de liberté au niveau des cordes mène à l'absence des singularités gravitationnelles, dans un traitement entièrement perturbatif.
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4

Werner, Philipp. "Dissipative quantum phase transitions /." Zürich, 2005. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16134.

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5

Palmer, David Cristopher. "Phase transitions in leucite." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357876.

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6

Fliegans, Olivier. "Phase transitions in "small" systems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/93/index.html.

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7

Rowley, Stephen Edward. "Quantum phase transitions in ferroelectrics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252224.

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8

Oukouiss, Abdelkarim. "Phase transitions in ferromagnetic fluids." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211920.

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9

Casson, Brian Derek. "Phase transitions in surfactant monolayers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300797.

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10

Fairhurst, David John. "Polydispersity in colloidal phase transitions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1496.

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I have studied the effects of polydispersity on the phase behaviour of suspensions of PMMA colloidal spheres on their own and in the presence of non-adsorbed polymer. I systematically explored the volume fraction-polydispersity phase behaviour of hard spheres (with radii R =167, 244, 300 and 303nm) through direct observations and crystallography measurements. I observed normal crystallisation for sigma < 7:5%, and no crystals at sigma > 18%. Samples at sigma ~~ 9.5% showed crystal-fluid coexistence between 0:52 < phi < 0:56 but no fully crystalline be- haviour above this region. This may be explained by slow particle diffusion in the dense metastable fluid and a glass transition, possibly involving only the larger particles. The addition of random coil polymer (radius of gyration rg) to a suspension of single-sized spherical colloidal particles induces an attractive depletion potential which, for size ratios Xi = rg=R < 0:2, has the effect of expanding the crystal-fluid coexistence region. Surprisingly, when such a polymer solution (with Xi = 0:1), with a range of concentrations cp, is added to a polydisperse colloidal suspension (sigma ~~ 10%), crystal formation is actually suppressed. This can be explained by the fact that the polymer compresses the nascent crystal phase to volume fractions greater than the maximum phi permitted for polydisperse spheres. By modifying existing free energy equations to include the effects of colloidal polydispersity we also succeed in reproducing the observed phase diagram. Larger added polymer (Xi > 0:3) introduces a region of stable gas-liquid coexistence. In systems where crystallisation is suppressed due to polydispersity, this will theoretically be the only transition. By preparing many samples over a range of phi and cp this prediction was observed experimentally for Xi = 0:5. Fractionation studies on coexisting phases enabled verification of a recent universal law of fractionation in slightly polydisperse systems.
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11

Delivorias, Nikitas Alex. "Cosmic structure from phase transitions." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4702/.

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Motivated by recent observations suggesting that structures in the Universe appear to be concentrated on the walls of bubbles that surround giant voids, we examine the possibility that the observed structure may have resulted from a first order phase transition that occured after inflation and which proceeded by quantum tunnelling and the formation of bubbles of true vacuum. Since we lack a fundamental theory of particle physics that would define the scalar field responsible for the second phase change and predict the scale of the resulting structures, we instead examine two similar parametrised forms for the potential motivated by the standard Higgs model, and attempt to determine values of the parameters that can reproduce the kind of structures that are observed through bubble wall collisions. The method deployed is quite general and can be applied to any phase transition that occured after inflation. It is found that although the shape of the required potential and its coupling can be determined, the epoch of the proposed second phase transition is in general not specified by the observed structures. The full verification or otherwise of our proposal will require not only a more detailed consideration of its predictions for the large scale structure of the Universe and its compatibility with the cosmic microwave background radiation but also the embedding of our ideas in a credible theory of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.
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12

Stow, Simon John. "Phase transitions in relativistic systems." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/e6332754-d6f0-4d29-8960-dc05a5ca3390/1/.

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The BCS free energy for 3P2 paired neutron matter is derived taking account of relativistic effects. It is found that the values taken by the Ginzburg-Landau parameters are always in the region of the phase diagram correponding to a unitary phase. Phase transitions in the early universe are also discussed with inclusion of the effects of Higgs scalar chemical potentials as well as fermionic chemical potentials. The conditions for equilibrium, and the critical density to prevent symmetry restoration at high temperatures are studied. It is observed that the decay of pre-existing Higgs scalar asymmetries could greatly reduce baryon number and lepton number to entropy ratios from their initial values. Phase transitions in supersymmetric theories and the phenomenom of symmetry anti-restoration in a supersymmetric model with a U(1) gauge symmetry are studied at finite density.
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13

Fedorenko, T. O. "First-order magnetic phase transitions." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34842.

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After the general properties of the first-order magnetic phase transitions between ordered structures were investigated, the number of possible models has been limited by supposing the sensitivity of the exchange energy to the interatomic distance to be responsible for the phase transition. It has shown that the magnetic phase transition occurs as a result of a sign-change in the proper combination of the exchange parameters. The transition may be influenced by the variation of the pressure and the magnetic field. The actual phase transition is, however, hindered in both directions by the elastic energy wall, separating the free energy minima of the different phases. The T – P phase diagram has been calculated and the conditions for the existence of a triple point in the T – P plane have been investigated in the case of antiferromagnetic ↔ ferromagnetic transitions. The temperature hysteresis, i.e. the difference between the upper (Tsup) and lower (Tinf) transition temperatures has been determined at different pressures and for both temperatures a linear dependence has been obtained. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34842
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14

Littlewort, G. C. "Phase transitions in neural networks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7617.

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The behaviour of computer simulations of networks of neuron-like binary decision elements is studied. The models are discrete in time and deterministic , but the sequence of states of neurons in a net is not generally reversible in time because of the threshold nature of neurons. Self-organisation, or activity-dependent modification of interneuronal connection strengths, is used. Cyclic modes of activity which emerge spontaneously, underlie possible mechanisms of short term memory and associative thinking. The transition from seemingly random activity patterns to cyclic activity is examined in isolated networks with pseudorandomly chosen connection matrices; and the transition is related to the gross properties of the network. Nets with inherent structure (from pseudorandom nature) and imposed structure are studied, when cycles of length greater than, say, 12 time units are considered separately from the less complex, shorter cycles; the aforementioned transitions appear to be consistently rapid, compared to the cycle length, unless architecture is imposed such that nearly independent groups of neurons exist in the same net.
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15

Ouali, Taoufik. "Méthode cosmologique pour la détermination de la masse de Higgs." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20046.

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Dans le but de connaitre l'effet de la phase electro-faible sur la forme d'expansion de l'univers, on utilise une methode cosmologique qui consiste a suivre les differentes etapes de son evolution. Cette methode permet d'avoir une estimation sur la valeur de la masse de higgs et sur l'instant du commencement de la phase electro-faible
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16

Xu, Hui. "Phase structure and phase transitions in semicrystalline isotactic polystyrene /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.
Adviser: Peggy Cebe. Submitted to the Dept. of Physics. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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17

Monceau, Pascal. "TRANSITIONS DE PHASE EN DIMENSIONS FRACTALES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521313.

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Parmi les méthodes de la théorie du groupe de renormalisation, les développements en epsilon sont basés sur des calculs dans l'espace réciproque et permettent de calculer les exposants critiques associés aux transitions magnétiques du second ordre pour des valeurs non entières de la dimension d'espace. Une interprétation physique naturelle consiste à se demander comment se comporte un système de spins en interaction dans un espace de dimension fractale. Or les structures fractales sont construites par itération d'une cellule génératrice dont les détails sont donc présents à plusieurs échelles ; la question qui se pose alors est de savoir ce qui se passe lorsque l'invariance par translation est remplacée par une invariance d'échelle géométrique. La convergence vers la limite thermodynamique se produit en même temps que le processus d'itération construit la structure. De ce fait, des simulations Monte Carlo fiables de ces transitions de phase n'ont pu être menées à bien que récemment, puisqu'elles nécessitent la simulation de très grandes tailles, lesquelles varient comme des séries géométriques avec l'étape d'itération. C'est en utilisant des algorithmes non locaux dits “d'amas” (Wolff, Swendsen-Wang), capables de réduire le ralentissement critique de manière significative, et des méthodes d'histogrammes pour traiter les données des simulationsMonte-Carlo que j'ai tout d'abord réalisé ces études. Il s'avère que le calcul précis des exposants critiques est rendu encore plus difficile par le fait que l'analyse en tailles finies du modèle d'Ising souffre de corrections d'échelle qui peuvent affecter fortement le comportement de certaines grandeurs thermodynamiques, en particulier lorsque la dimension fractale tend vers 1. J'ai montré que ces corrections d'échelle sont en partie liées à la très forte inhomogénéité du réseau sous jacent (due à l'existence de trous sur plusieurs ordres de grandeurs) et à la concomitance de la construction du fractal avec la convergence vers la limite thermodynamique. Les résultats que j'ai obtenus pour les exposants critiques, ou leurs bornes, sont toujours compatibles avec la relation d'hyperscaling dans laquelle on substitue la dimension de Hausdorff à la dimension d'espace. Le comportement critique en dimension non entière se décrit dans le cadre de l'universalité faible. Cela se manifeste par un désaccord net entre les exposants que j'ai obtenus par les méthodes Monte Carlo et les développements en epsilon. Les exposants critiques ne dépendent pas seulement de la dimension d'espace, des propriétés de symétrie du paramètre d'ordre et de la portée des interactions, mais aussi des propriétés géométriques de la structure fractale : Très récemment des calculs précis d'exposants critiques m'ont permis de montrer que des classes d'universalité différentes sont en général nécessaires pour décrire le comportement du modèle d'Ising sur des fractals de même dimension et de lacunarités différentes. Un tel résultat généralise le concept d'universalité faible proposé par Masuo Suzuki. L'hypothèse d'homogénéité qui sous-tend les lois d'échelle permettant de décrire un comportement critique se dérive par renormalisation. La procédure de renormalisation dans l'espace direct est naturelle dans les fractals, puisqu'elle suit exactement le processus inverse de construction de la structure. Avec mon étudiant Pai-Yi Hsiao, nous avons mené à bien l'étude du modèle d'Ising par une méthode de renormalisation Monte-Carlo sur une structure fractale de dimension voisine de 1, 89 ; il s'avère que l'exposant associé à l'une des directions propres peut être calculé avec une très bonne précision et est en accord avec les résultats de l'analyse en tailles finies. En revanche, la convergence est très lente dans l'autre direction, ce qui est lié aux corrections d'échelle mises en évidence lors de cette analyse. La cinétique stochastique associée à la formation des amas construits par l'algorithme de Wolff sous tend la compréhension du phénomène de ralentissement critique. J'ai montré que les distributions des tailles des amas de Wolff ont une propriété d'homogénéité qui fait intervenir l'un des exposants associé à une des directions propres du processus de renormalisation. Par ailleurs, les distributions des tensions de surface des amas vérifient une propriété analogue dans laquelle intervient un nouvel exposant critique. L'étude des fonctions d'autocorrélation m'a permis de calculer précisément les exposants dynamiques de Wolff lorsque la température critique est connue, et d'éclaircir l'évolution du ralentissement critique avec la dimension et la connectivité. Dans le cas de systèmes invariants par translation, l'ordre de la transition ferromagnétique du modèle de Potts est lié au nombre d'états de spin ; le passage du premier au second ordre est attendu pour des dimensions non entières. Par ailleurs, la présence de désordre peut, dans certaines conditions, induire une transition du second ordre à partir d'un système qui en présente une du premier. L'étude du comportement critique du modèle de Potts sur des fractals est donc particulièrement intéressante, puisque deux des paramètres qui le déterminent (dimensionnalité et désordre structurel) sont liés. Avec mon étudiant Pai-Yi Hsiao, nous avons montré que la transition associée au modèle de Potts à trois états sur une structure fractale de dimension voisine de 1, 89 est du second ordre. Les difficultés attendues lorsqu'on augmente le nombre d'états de spins se font déjà nettement sentir : Les corrections d'échelle empêchent de calculer la température critique avec une très bonne précision. Nous n'avons donc pu donner que des bornes pour certains exposants ; nous avons cependant clairement mis en évidence la différence entre les classes d'universalité de Potts à 2 et 3 états. L'étude de la percolation en dimension non entière est liée à la fois à celle du modèle de Potts et aux algorithmes d'amas. Elle est basée sur l'étude des moments de la distribution de taille des amas, ce qui nécessite la localisation de pics en fonction de la probabilité d'occupation. J'ai pu montrer que les corrections d'échelle n'affectent pratiquement pas le comportement des pics avec la taille des structures, et proposé de les interpréter en termes de "seuil effectif".
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18

Madamba, Maria Cecilia S. "Phase transitions in superionic PbSnF¦4." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39072.pdf.

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19

Chen, Leiming. "Tilt phase transitions in disordered systems /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251884301&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-128). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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20

Jones, Nicholaos John. "Ineliminable idealizations, phase transitions, and irreversibility." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1163026373.

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21

Lidmar, Jack. "Phase transitions in high-temperature superconductors." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/lidm0111.pdf.

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Li, Su. "Phase transitions of high temperature superconductors." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7276.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Nikas, Yvonne Jiang. "Topics in phase transitions at interfaces." Connect to resource, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1232732921.

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Giddy, Andrew Peter. "Computational studies of structural phase transitions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239582.

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De, Dombal Richard Francis. "Phase transitions in nepheline and tridymite." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239792.

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Ferreira, Pedro Tonnies Gil. "Observational consequences of cosmological phase transitions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338692.

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Karra, Glykeria. "Production of defects at phase transitions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298337.

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Larsson, Sebastian E. "Topological defects from cosmological phase transitions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298309.

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Adams, Jennifer Anne. "Cosmological phase transitions : techniques and phenomenology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306935.

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Swift, Michael Robert. "Surface phase transitions in novel geometries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279938.

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Hook, Daniel William. "Phase transitions in quantum microcanonical equilibrium." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497906.

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32

Meier, Hannes. "Superfluid Phase Transitions in Disordered Systems." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Statistisk fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50051.

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This thesis presents results from large scale Monte Carlo simulations of systems subject to a superfluid phase transition in the presence of disorder. The simulations are performed by state-of-the-art, collective Monte Carlo algorithms treating phase degrees of freedom in effective models with amplitude fluctuations integrated out. In Paper I a model system for the possible solid to supersolid transition in 4He is presented.The Wolff cluster algorithm is used to study how the presence of linearly correlated random defects is able to alter the universality class of the 3-dimensional XY-model. In the pure case the superfluid density and heat capacity have singular onsets, which are not seen in the supersolid experiments where instead a smooth onset is obtained. Using finite size scaling of Monte Carlo data, we find a similar smooth onset in our simulations, governed by exponents  ν=1 for the superfluid density and α=-1 for the heat capacity. These results are in qualitative agreement with experiments for the observed transition in solid 4He. In Paper II a systematic investigation of the scaling result z=d for the dynamic critical exponentat the Bose glass to superfluid quantum phase transition is performed. The result z=d has been believed to be exact for about 20 years, but although it has been questioned lately no accurate estimate of z has been available. An effective link current model of quantum bosons at T=0 with disorder in 2D is simulated using highly effective worm Monte Carlo simulations.The data analysis is based on a finite size scaling approach todetermine the quantum correlation time from simulationdata for boson world lines without any a priori assumption on the critical parameters. The resulting critical exponents are z=1.8 \pm 0.05, ν=1.15 \pm 0.03, and η=-0.3 \pm 0.1. This suggests that z=d is not satisfied.

QC 20111206

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Zarikas, Vasilios. "Aspects of early universe phase transitions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318257.

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Braun, Frank Nicholas. "Surface phase transitions in liquid crystals." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242564.

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35

Gelb, Lev. "Theoretical studies of surface phase transitions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387600.

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Gambhir, Manoj. "Models of phase transitions in silicates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624645.

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Spalek, Leszek Jedrzej. "Emergent phenomena near selected phase transitions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608135.

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38

Diener, Jacobus Petrus Willem. "Ferromagnetic phase transitions in neutron stars." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71982.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: We consider the ferromagnetic phase in pure neutron matter as well as charge neutral, betaequilibrated nuclear matter. We employ Quantum Hadrodynamics, a relativistic field theory description of nuclear matter with meson degrees of freedom, and include couplings between the baryon (proton and neutron) magnetic dipole moment as well as between their charge and the magnetic field in the Lagrangian density describing such a system. We vary the strength of the baryon magnetic dipole moment till a non-zero value of the magnetic field, for which the total energy density of the magnetised system is at a minimum, is found. The system is then assumed to be in the ferromagnetic state. The ferromagnetic equation of state is employed to study matter in the neutron star interior. We find that as the density increases the ferromagnetic field does not increase continuously, but exhibit sudden rapid increases. These sudden increases in the magnetic field correspond to shifts between different configurations of the charged particle’s Landau levels and can have significant observational consequences for neutron stars. We also found that although the ferromagnetic phase softens the neutron star equation of state it does not significantly alter the star’s massradius relationship. The properties of magnetised symmetric nuclear matter were also studied. We confirm that magnetised matter tends to be more proton-rich but become more weakly bound for stronger magnetic fields. We show that the behaviour of the compressibility of nuclear matter is influenced by the Landau quantisation and tends to have an oscillatory character as it increases with the magnetic field. The symmetry energy also exhibits similar behaviour.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie het ons die ferromagnetiese fase in suiwer neutronmaterie, sowel as in ladingsneutrale, beta-ge¨ekwilibreerde neutronstermaterie, ondersoek. Vir die doeleindes het ons die Kwantum Hadrodinamika-model van kernmaterie gebruik. Dit is ’n relatiwistiese, veldteoretiese model wat mesone inspan om die interaksies tussen die protone en neutrone te bemiddel. Om die impak van die magneetveld te bestudeer, sluit ons ’n koppeling tussen die barioonlading en die magneetveld, asook barioondipoolmoment en die magneetveld, in by die Lagrange digtheid wat ons sisteem beskryf. Om die ferromagnetiese fase te ondersoek, varieer ons die sterkte van die barioondipoolmoment om ’n nie-nul waarde van die magneetveld wat energie digtheid sal minimeer te vind. Die ferromagnetiese toestandsvergelyking word toegepas op materie aan die binnekant van die neutronster en die impak hiervan op die waarneembare eienskappe van die ster word ondersoek. Ons vind dat die ferromagnetiese magneetveld nie kontinu toeneem soos die digtheid verhoog nie. Die skielike toenames in die magneetveld is die gevolg van die sisteem wat die konfigurasie van die gelaaide deeltjies se Landau-vlakke skielik verander en dit kan beduidende waarneembare gevolge vir die ster inhou. Ons vind ook dat die ferromagnetiese fase die toestandsvergelyking versag, maar dat die versagting die massa-radius verhouding van die ster nie grootliks beïnvloed nie. Die eienskappe van gemagnetiseerde kernmaterie word ook ondersoek. Ons bevestig dat gemagnetiseerde materie meer proton-ryk, maar minder sterk gebind word. Ons wys dat die saampersbaarheid van kernmaterie deur die teenwoordigheid van Landau-vlakke beïnvloed word en ossilerend saam met die magneetveld toeneem. Die simmetrie-energie manifesteer ook soortgelyke gedrag.
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39

Saunders, Timothy E. "Phase transitions in geometrically frustrated antiferromagnets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670121.

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40

Magou, Maria. "Holographic descriptions of chiral phase transitions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/345723/.

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Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) poses a challenge in calculating physical phenomena in low energy scales due to its strongly coupled character. The tools available for understanding this region of QCD are limited. One such tool is gauge/gravity duality which promises to attack strongly coupled related phenomena, at least in a qualitative level, by using the conjectured equivalence between string theory and some classes of quantum field theories (gauge/gravity duality). In this thesis strongly coupled 3+1d and 2+1d field theories are explored by using D3/D7 and D3/D5 brane systems respectively. These theories exhibit some QCD-like characteristics like chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. The main focus of the following chapters is understanding chiral phase transitions in those theories and constructing their phase diagrams in finite temperature and chemical potential. Chiral symmetry breaking is induced in these holographic brane setups by turning on a background magnetic field or by choosing an appropriate running dilaton profile. The phase diagrams for each field theory considered are mapped, giving a rich structure of first, second and BKT holographic transitions. Some successful attempts where made to reproduce the standard QCD phase diagram, in the running dilaton scenario. Also, in the running dilaton case wrapped D5 branes where used to introduce holographic baryons. The baryonic phase, for some range of the parameter space, participates in the phase diagram and it is found in the regime expected from QCD. Finally, chiral phase transitions with energy scale where explored as well as their holographic effective potentials for various D3/D7 and D3/D5 systems.
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41

Lusk, Mark T. Knowles James K. "Martensitic phase transitions with surface effects /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1992. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11052004-161432.

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42

Cuvelier, Pierre. "Transitions de phase des cristaux plastiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375969616.

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43

Bailey, Delbert D. "Phase transitions of boolean satisfiability variants /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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44

Cortés, Huerto Robinson. "Phase transitions in many-electron systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527673.

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45

Rizzi, Matteo. "Quantum Phase transitions in Hubbard lattices." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85848.

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46

Orús, Lacort Román. "Entanglement, quantum phase transitions and quantum algorithms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482202.

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From the seminal ideas of Feynman and until now, quantum information and computation has been a rapidly evolving field. While at the beginning, physicists looked at quantum mechanics as a theoretical framework to describe the fundamental processes that take place in Nature, it was during the 80’s and 90’s that people began to think about the intrinsic quantum behavior of our world as a tool to eventually develop powerful information technologies. As Landauer pointed out, information is physical, so it should not look strange to try to bring together quantum mechanics and information theory. Indeed, it was soon realized that it is possible to use the laws of quantum physics to perform tasks which are unconceivable within the framework of classical physics. For instance, the discovery of quantum teleportation, superdense coding, quantum cryptography, Shor’s factorization algorithm or Grover’s searching algorithm, are some of the remarkable achievements that have attracted the attention of many people, both scientists and non-scientists. This settles down quantum information as a genuine interdisciplinary field, bringing together researchers from different branches of physics, mathematics and engineering. While until recently it was mostly quantum information science that benefited from other fields, today the tools developed within its framework can be used to study problems of different areas, like quantum many-body physics or quantum field theory. The basic reason behind that is the fact that quantum information develops a detailed study of quantum correlations, or quantum entanglement. Any physical system described by the laws of quantum mechanics can then be considered from the perspective of quantum information by means of entanglement theory. It is the purpose of this introduction to give some elementary background about basic concepts of quantum information and computation, together with its possible relation to other fields of physics, like quantum many-body physics. We begin by considering the definition of a qubit, and move then towards the definition of entanglement and the convertibility properties of pure states by introducing majorization and the von Neumann entropy. Then, we consider the notions of quantum circuit and quantum adiabatic algorithm, and move towards what is typically understood by a quantum phase transition, briefly sketching how this relates to renormalization and conformal field theory. We also comment briefly on some possible experimental implementations of quantum computers
Desde las pioneras ideas de Feynman hasta el día de hoy, la información y computación cuánticas han evolucionado de forma veloz. Siendo la mecánica cuántica en sus orígenes considerada esencialmente como un marco teórico en el que poder explicar ciertos procesos fundamentales que acontecían en la Naturaleza, fue durante los años 80 y 90 cuando se empezó a pensar sobre el comportamiento intrínsecamente cuántico del mundo en el que vivimos como una herramienta con la que poder desarrollar tecnologías de la información más potentes, basadas en los mismos principios de la física cuántica. Tal y como Landauer dijo, la información es física, por lo que no debe en absoluto extrañarnos el que se intentara comulgar la mecánica cuántica con la teoría de la información. Y nada más lejos de la realidad, pues pronto se vio que era posible utilizar las leyes de la física cuántica para realizar tareas inconcebibles desde un punto de vista clásico. Por ejemplo, el descubrimiento de la teleportación, la codificación superdensa, la criptografía cuántica, el algoritmo de factorización de Shor o el algoritmo de búsqueda de Grover, constituyen algunos de los logros remarcables que han atraído la atención de mucha gente, dentro y fuera de la ciencia. Queda la información cuántica, pues, constituida como un campo genuinamente pluridisciplinar, en el que se concentran investigadores provenientes de diferentes ramas de la física, las matemáticas y la ingeniería. Mientras en sus orígenes era la información cuántica quien se beneficiaba del conocimiento de otros campos, a día de hoy las herramientas desarrolladas en el marco de la teoría cuántica de la información pueden ser asimismo usadas en el estudio de problemas de diferentes áreas, como la física de muchos cuerpos o la teoría cuántica de campos. Ello es debido al estudio detallado que la información cuántica desarrolla de las correlaciones cuánticas, o entrelazamiento cuántico. Cualquier sistema físico descrito por las leyes de la mecánica cuántica se puede por lo tanto considerar bajo la perspectiva de la teoría cuántica de la información a través de la teoría del entrelazamiento.
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47

Jia, Zhihong. "Structural modulation and phase transitions in melilites." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2005/0066/.

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48

Knapek, Christina. "Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Complex Plasmas." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-123271.

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49

Chen, Tielian. "Detection of phase transitions with acoustic resonance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ49673.pdf.

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50

Hines, Andrew Peter. "Entanglement, dynamical bifurcations and quantum phase transitions /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19792.pdf.

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