Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transitional soils'
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Shipton, Barbara. "The Mechanics of Transitional Soils." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517638.
Full textLopes, Bruna de Carvalho Faria Lima. "Microstructural-based approach to the interpretation of clays and transitional soils behaviour." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20465.
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O futuro da prática da engenharia é a incorporação de aspectos da microestrutura nas características macroestruturais dos solos de modo a simplificar e tornar mais realistas as análises geotécnicas. Consequentemente, é de fundamental importância que se entenda a estrutura dos solos em diferentes estados (inderformado, reconstitutído, remouldado, compactado, etc.) e se correlacionem os mesmos, já que se sabe que o estado inicial do solo dita o seu comportamento. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa está focada no desenvolvimento do entendimento das mudanças na estrutura do solo através dos tamanhos dos seus poros e sua distribuição quando submetido a carregamentos mecânicos assim como a determinação do estado mais apropriado para descrever um estado de referência do comportamento do solo. Os solos testados foram duas argilas: Caulinita e Ball; e um solo tropical transicional: Solo de Brasília. A partir dos solos estudados foram produzidas amostras com pH 9, reconstituídas, remoldadas e indeformadas, esta última somente para o solo de Brasília. Cada uma destas amostras foi submetida à compressão unidimensional combinada no oedometro e aparelho de taxa constante de deformação a diferentes tensões: 2, 90, 360, 2.000, 5.000 e 11.000kPa. Em seguida as amostras foram congeladas e secas pelo processo de liofilização e por último foram submetidas ao ensaio de porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio. Adicionalmente, mediu-se a sucção inicial de algumas das amostras dos três solos estudados. A partir dos resultados dos ensaios realizados foram propostos dois modelos conceituais um para as argilas e outro para o solo transicional. Os resultados do ensaio de adensamento foram modelados usando uma adaptação do modelo constitutivo SCLAY-1S (Koskinen et al., 2002) na qual a variável x descreve os efeitos da estrutura ao invés de cimentação como proposto originalmente. Além disto, a amostra pH 9 foi considerada a amostra de referência, assim para este estado x = 0 e todas as outras amostras tem estrutura, de acordo com a metodologia aqui proposta. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia proposta para obtenção das amostras é adequada. A sucção inicial foi satisfatoriamente correlacionada à tensão de preadensamento. Resultados das análises de porosimetria confirmam que o estado da estrutura das amostras com pH 9 é mais adequado para representar um estado de referência que o estado das amostras reconstituídas. As amostras com pH 9 apresentam uma estrutura dispersa já que as laterais da partícula de caulinita são carregadas negativamente assim como as faces. Dessa forma com o aumento do carregamento não há muitas configurações possíveis, a estrutura da amostra irá ficar cada vez mais orientada e alinhada paralelamente. O mesmo acontece com as amostras em outros estados. A amostra indeformada apresenta inicialmente a estrutura mais aberta, seguida da reconstituída e remouldada. À medida que o carregamento aumenta a estrutura destas outras amostras tende para uma configuração dispersa com as partículas de caulinita orientadas e alinhadas paralelamente. A modelagem constitutiva se mostrou apropriada, embora ainda haja necessidade de aprimoramento nos estudos para que o parâmetro ax possa ser correlacionado com a variável x. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The future of engineering practice is to incorporate aspects of the microstructure into the macroscopic characteristics of soils in order to simplify and make the geotechnical analysis more realistic. Therefore, it is fundamentally important to understand the structure of soils in various states (undisturbed, reconstituted, remoulded, compacted, etc.) and correlate them, as it is already known that the initial state of the soil dictates its behaviour. Hence, this research focuses on developing an understanding of the changes in the soil structure through its pore sizes and distribution under mechanical loading, as well as determining which state is appropriate to describe a reference state of the soil behaviour. The soils tested were the two clays: Kaolin and Ball; and the tropical transitional soil: Brasilia Soil. From the studied soils, samples with pH9, reconstituted, remoulded and undisturbed (for the Brasilia Soil only), were produced. Each of these samples was subjected to uniaxial compression combined with oedometer and Constant Rate of Strain (CRS) apparatus up to: 2, 90, 360, 2,000, 5,000 and 11,000 kPa. Specimens of these samples were then freeze-dried by the lyophilization process and lastly subjected to the Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) test. Additionally, the initial suction of a few samples of the three soils was measured. From the results of the laboratory tests carried out, two conceptual models were proposed: one for the clays and one for the transitional soil. The results of the consolidation test were modelled using an adaptation of the constitutive model, SCLAY-1S (Koskinen et al., 2002), in which the variable x describes the structure rather than bonding as originally proposed. Furthermore, the pH9 sample was considered the reference state; thus this state has x = 0, while all other states have some structure, according to the methodology herein proposed. Results showed that the methodology proposed for obtaining the specimens is adequate. The initial suction measured was satisfactorily correlated to the preconsolidation stress. Results of the MIP confirmed that the pH9 state is the most suitable to represent a reference state, rather than the reconstituted state. The pH9 state presents a disperse structure, as the edges of the kaolinite particle are charged negatively as well as the faces. Therefore, as the loading increases there are not many possible configurations for this sample, hence the structure will orient in a preferential direction. The same happens for the samples in other states. The undisturbed sample has the most open structure, followed by the reconstituted and remoulded states. As the loading progresses, the structure of these samples tends towards the dispersed configuration with the kaolinite particles well-oriented and aligned in parallel with each other. The constitutive modelling is appropriate; however, there is still room for improvement studies to correlate the parameter ax with the state variable x.
Marcosanti, Agnese <1982>. "Experimental study of the transitional behaviour of the silty soils from the Venice Lagoon." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4167/1/marcosanti_agnese_tesi.pdf.
Full textMarcosanti, Agnese <1982>. "Experimental study of the transitional behaviour of the silty soils from the Venice Lagoon." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4167/.
Full textCarrión, Carmona Miguel Ángel. "The effects of the structure on the mechanical behaviour of young Holocene alluvial materials from the Bormida River (Italy) and Turia River (Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/63470.
Full text[ES] El conocimiento del comportamiento mecánico de los suelos en su estado natural es de importancia capital para los ingenieros a la hora de diseñar nuevas obras. La investigación desarrollada en esta Tesis se centra en descubrir los efectos que tiene la estructura del suelo en su estado natural en la respuesta mecánica de dos suelos aluviales holocenos, depositados superficialmente: los limos del río Bormida (BRS) en Italia y los suelos limosos provenientes de la llanura aluvial del río Turia (VSS) en España. Este tipo de suelos se caracterizan frecuentemente por una estructura inicial altamente heterogénea. Se ha ensayado una gran variedad de muestras con diferentes granulometrías, desde arenas a arcillas limosas en las que se han realizado ensayos edométricos y triaxiales en muestras intactas, compactadas y en muestras reconstituidas (slurry). En una primera etapa de la investigación se caracterizó la respuesta del material en su estado reconstituido para definir un marco de referencia con el que poder comparar la respuesta de las muestras intactas tomadas in situ y que preservan su estructura natural (inalteradas). Se ha analizado la influencia del modo de preparación de las muestras en su comportamiento mecánico, y, en particular, en la unicidad de las curvas de compresión noval y de estado critico. Se ha comprobado que la estructura inicial inducida durante el proceso de preparación desaparece completamente tras someter la muestra a compresión y corte, independientemente del método de preparación utilizado. Únicamente un suelo mostró, de un modo nítido, el efecto de la técnica de preparación, de modo que las líneas de compresión edométrica se mantuvieron paralelas incluso a niveles de tensión elevados en el caso de muestras reconstituidas (slurry). Este resultado demostró, contrariamente a la opinión aceptada en la bibliografía, que el sistema de preparación de la muestra puede crear una potente estructura inicial dando lugar a un comportamiento de tipo transicional. En los ensayos de compresión edométrica se ha podido comprobar un claro efecto positivo de la estructura inicial de las muestras intactas, incluso a niveles altos de tensión, observándose índices de sensitividad tensional superiores a uno al final de los ensayos, de modo que para igualdad de índice de huecos, la tensión efectiva vertical de la muestra intacta es superior a la correspondiente en la muestra reconstituida. Aparentemente, este efecto es tanto más significativo cuanto mayor es el grado de heterogeneidad interno de la muestra a nivel de meso-estructura, como se pudo observar en algunas muestras de los suelos (VSS) que presentaban niveles de laminación horizontal. En los ensayos de corte la influencia de la estructura intacta fue relativamente pequeña y únicamente en el lado húmedo del estado critico.
[CAT] Conèixer el comportament mecànic dels sòls en el seu estat natural és d'importància capital per als enginyers a l'hora de dissenyar noves obres. La investigació desenvolupada en aquesta Tesi se centra a descobrir els efectes de l'estructura del sòl en el seu estat natural en la resposta mecànica de dos sòls al¿luvials holocens, dipositats superficialment: els llims del riu Bormida (BRS) a Itàlia i els sòls llimosos provinents de la plana al¿luvial del riu Túria (VSS) a Espanya. Aquests tipus de sòls es caracteritzen sovint per una estructura inicial altament heterogènia. S'ha assajat una gran varietat de mostres amb diferents granulometries, des d'arenes fins a argiles llimoses amb les quals s'han realitzat assajos edomètrics i triaxials en mostres intactes, compactades i en mostres reconstituïdes (slurry). En una primera etapa de la investigació es va caracteritzar la resposta del material en el seu estat reconstituït per a definir un marc de referència amb el qual poder comparar la resposta de les mostres intactes preses in situ i que preserven la seua estructura natural (inalterades). S'ha analitzat la influència del mètode de preparació de les mostres en el seu comportament mecànic i en particular, en la unicitat de les corbes de compressió noval i d'estat crític. S'ha comprovat que l'estructura inicial induïda al llarg del procés de preparació desapareix completament després de sotmetre la mostra a compressió i tall, independentment del mètode de preparació utilitzat. Únicament un sòl va mostrar clarament l'efecte de la tècnica de preparació, de manera que les línies de compressió edomètrica es van mantenir paral¿leles fins i tot a nivells de tensió elevats en el cas de mostres reconstituïdes (slurry). Aquest resultat va demostrar, contràriament a l'opinió acceptada en la bibliografia, que el sistema de preparació de la mostra pot crear una potent estructura inicial donant lloc a un comportament de tipus transicional. Als assajos de compressió edomètrica s'ha pogut comprovar un clar efecte positiu de l'estructura inicial de les mostres intactes, inclús a nivells alts de tensió, observant-se índexs de sensitivitat tensional superiors a la unitat al final dels assajos, de manera que per a igualtat d'índex de buits, la tensió efectiva vertical de la mostra intacta és superior a la corresponent en la mostra reconstituïda. Aparentment, aquest efecte és més significatiu quant major és el grau d'heterogeneïtat intern de la mostra a nivell de meso-estructura, com es va poder observar en algunes mostres dels sòls (VSS) que presentaven nivells de laminació horitzontal. Als assajos de tall la influència de l'estructura intacta va ser relativament petita i únicament en el costat humit de l'estat crític."
Carrión Carmona, MÁ. (2016). The effects of the structure on the mechanical behaviour of young Holocene alluvial materials from the Bormida River (Italy) and Turia River (Spain) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63470
TESIS
Giusti, Ilaria Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Stahlmann. "Improvement of piezocone test interpretation for partial drainage conditions and for transitional soils / Ilaria Giusti ; Betreuer: Joachim Stahlmann." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175894958/34.
Full textGiusti, Ilaria [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Stahlmann. "Improvement of piezocone test interpretation for partial drainage conditions and for transitional soils / Ilaria Giusti ; Betreuer: Joachim Stahlmann." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175894958/34.
Full textSavioli, Valentina. "Indagine sperimentale sul comportamento transizionale di miscele granulari." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2276/.
Full textRezgui, Cyrine. "Etude du potentiel d'introduction de la culture du pois d'hiver dans les successions culturales en Normandie : conséquences sur les communautés microbiennes du sol et les flux d'azote Impacts of the winter pea crop (instead of rapeseed) on soil microbial communities, nitrogen balance and wheat yield Quantification et analyse des exsudats racinaires de pois, de blé et de colza : mise au point d’une méthodologie de collecte des exsudats racinaires N rhizodeposition quantification and root exudates characterization of pea (Pisum Sativum L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under controlled conditions Linking soil microbial community to C and N dynamics during crop residues decomposition." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR047.
Full textThe agroecological transition targets triple agronomic, ecological, and societal performance of farms. Some new agricultural practices had emerged to develop a new cropping system to respond to these constraints. Legumes constitute an interesting alternative. Indeed, legumes are advantageous for soils due to their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The presence of compatible rhizobia combined to nitrogen-limited conditions promotes symbiosis which is the most efficient way for legumes to acquire more nitrogen. Compared with non-nodulated plants, symbiosis provides a competitive advantage by increasing soil nitrogen pool. However, some grain legumes, notably winter pea, are rarely studied, especially in the Normandy region where no reference has been published for this crop. The objective of this study is to compare two crop successions for a period of two years (winter pea-wheat and rapeseed-wheat), in order to assess the effect of replacing rapeseed by winter pea at the head of the rotation .We evaluated the effect of these two crops (winter pea vs rapeseed) on the biological state of the soil and nitrogen fluxes at different spatio-temporal scales. The results showed a significant spatio-temporal effect on the response of soil microbial communities and highlighted the importance of the pedoclimatic context in determining the abundance and activity of soil microbial communities. A positive effect of winter pea has been demonstrated on the availability of mineral nitrogen during the crop cycle and for following crops (wheat and barley). The supply of nitrogen to the soil is linked to the rhizodeposition of nitrogen via plants roots and the degradation of crop residues after harvest. Our results showed that winter pea exhibited the greatest amount of nitrogen rhizodeposition. However, rhizodeposition did not have a significant impact on rhizospheric microbial communities. Contrary to these observations, the degradation of crop residues significantly modified the composition of bacterial communities linked to their initial biochemical composition. Crop succession including winter pea enriched the soil with mineral nitrogen but simulation with STICS software revealed a nitrogen leaching around of 23 kg N. ha-1 during the cropping cycle. These findings underline the importance of adapting an adequate crop management system, including winter pea, to limit nitrogen losses. The results showed also that wheat yields after winter pea without the use of nitrogen fertilizers were equivalent to those obtained after rapeseed. However, rapeseed required significant nitrogen fertilization. Including winter pea in crop rotation in Normandy region may be a key to enhance productivity, to respond to the challenges of agroecological transition, regional protein autonomy, and to reduce environmental and economic costs, by reducing notably, the costs of fertilizers production and uses
Carnes, Jennifer L. "Response of Soils and Soil Ecosystems to the Pennsylvanian-Permian Climate Transitionin the Upper Fluvial Plain of the Dunkard Basin, Southeastern Ohio, USA." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493571336373265.
Full textAuray, Isabelle. "Processus de deuil du "proche-tiers" : la relation de soins : un espace transitionnel ouvert." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2052/document.
Full textQuestions revolving around end of life and the grieving process that follows for loved ones are as relevant as they are puzzling. Is it unrealistic to think that mourning can be facilitated? This research aims to examine and build upon the work and theories of D. W. Winnicott. This research delves into how care may be transitional in the relationship and in the intersubjective space created by a triad of care: medical caregiver(s), patient and loved ones. From a sample of 30 patients, semi-structured interviews with 21 medical caregivers and 8 relatives were analyzed. This analysis shows how the care is transitional in the accompaniment. This research reveals the benefits of creating a transitional space during end of life care. First and foremost, it assists the patient in the here and the now of end of life; it, then, aids the caregivers. Medical caregivers and loved ones alike benefited from accompanying the patients in death both during the palliative care stages as well as afterwards as they worked through the grieving process
Le, Roux Enora. "Transition des soins pédiatriques vers les soins pour adultes chez les adolescents porteurs de maladie chronique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066113/document.
Full textAt the end of their adolescence, patients with chronic disease since childhood go through a phase of healthcare transition, which involves the discharge of pediatric services and the entry into adult care services. This step poses many challenges and is recognised as a high risk period of discontinuity in care pathway. To avoid these situations, international recommendations and various programs have been proposed. In France, there is no generic recommendation for transition to adult care.The final goal of this thesis work was to propose a generic, relevant and feasible program for the transition of young people with varied chronic diseases into a large number of services in France.For this purpose, we used a mixed method research including: 1) Systematic review of intervention studies at the international level; 2) Qualitative study of existing transition practices in a set of hospital services in the Ile de France region (including Paris and its surroundings); 3) National consensus survey for the development of a relevant and feasible transition program using the Delphi method.We observed that the existence of transition programs was highly dependent on services: some offering almost no adaptation of care during this process, others offering highly structured programs. Overall, the programs were not really specific to pathologies.At the end of this thesis work, we proposed a generic program which can be considered as a common core of transition practices. Among other thing, it will allow professionals involved in the follow-up of pathologies that are under-studied in the context of the transition to propose essential and minimal practices to their patients
Centolella, Diana. "Souls in transition : the psychosocial process of conversion to Judaism /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/preview/3022458.
Full textCentolella, Diane M. "Souls in Transition: The Psychosocial Process of Conversion to Judaism." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391703230.
Full textRussell, Kerri Ann. "Microbial and Environmental Drivers of Soil Respiration Differ Along Montane to Urban Transitions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7718.
Full textHardy, Marie-Soleil, and Marie-Soleil Hardy. "Programme d'interventions infirmières pour la transition et le suivi post-hospitalisation des personnes âgées insuffisantes cardiaques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34014.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019
Chez les personnes de 65 ans et plus, l’insuffisance cardiaque est l’une des premières causes d’hospitalisation. Les coûts reliés aux soins de l’insuffisance cardiaque sont exorbitants. Les symptômes de l’insuffisance cardiaque et les fréquentes hospitalisations compromettent grandement la transition suite à ces hospitalisations ainsi que la qualité de vie de ces personnes. Plusieurs études montrent que des programmes de soins de transition sont efficaces. Il demeure toutefois difficile de décrire les interventions spécifiques des infirmières pour arriver à ces résultats. Dans un contexte où les ressources sont limitées, documenter ces interventions s’avère nécessaire et prioritaire pour assurer leur application dans les milieux cliniques. Des interventions infirmières efficaces et appropriées favorisent une meilleure adaptation, diminuent les complications au cours de la transition et évitent des hospitalisations à répétition. Elles contribuent ainsi à diminuer l’utilisation des services et améliorer la qualité de vie de ces personnes. La présente étude s’inspire du modèle d’adaptation de Roy (2009) et des grandes fonctions infirmières de Dallaire et Dallaire (2008). Elle visait à développer, mettre à l’essai et évaluer un programme d’interventions infirmières, pour soutenir le processus d’adaptation des personnes âgées hospitalisées suite à une décompensation de leur insuffisance cardiaque, lors de la transition de l’hôpital vers le domicile. Une méthode mixte a été privilégiée. L’utilisation du processus d’élaboration et d’évaluation des interventions de Sidani et Braden (2011) a permis d’élaborer un programme d’interventions après avoir développé une compréhension approfondie des besoins des personnes âgées et clarifié les composantes des interventions infirmières. Pour ce faire, en plus d’une revue des théories explicatives et de la littérature empirique, des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées des personnes âgées et leurs proches, des infirmières et d’autres professionnels expérimentés ont été réalisées. Une méthode d’échantillonnage théorique a assuré une représentation adéquate par sept personnes âgées et six de leurs proches. Une méthode d’échantillonnage par choix raisonné a permis de recruter neuf infirmières et cinq autres professionnels de la santé. L’analyse des données, effectuée par un processus inductif et déductif, a permis de développer un programme d’interventions détaillé et optimal. Ce dernier a été mis à l’essai à l’aide d’un devis prétest et post-test avec groupe de comparaison. Pour le pilote, dix personnes âgées hospitalisées pour une décompensation de leur insuffisance cardiaque ont été recrutées et assignées au hasard dans le groupe expérimental ou le groupe contrôle. Le programme d’interventions comprend une visite à l’hôpital, avant le départ, et cinq visites à domicile intercalées d’appels téléphoniques. À chaque séance, l’infirmière pose différentes interventions personnalisées afin de favoriser l’adaptation de la personne au niveau physiologique, psychique et spirituel, social et afin de favoriser ses relations avec les autres. La mise à l’essai montre la faisabilité et l’acceptabilité du programme d’interventions. De plus, des effets du programme d’interventions chez les personnes âgées et l’utilisation des services sont documentés. Des différences statistiquement significatives sont observées entre les deux groupes en ce qui concerne les habiletés d’autogestion de la maladie ainsi que le degré d’incertitude perçu. De plus, des tendances positives sont observées chez les participants du groupe expérimental pour le sentiment d’être prêt et l’adaptation au départ ainsi que pour la qualité de vie. Aucune différence statistiquement significative entre les deux groupes n’est observée pour l’utilisation des services, mais les données montrent que les participants du groupe expérimental ont bénéficié d’interventions ayant potentiellement évité un déplacement vers les services d’urgence et une hospitalisation. En conclusion, cette étude montre que des interventions infirmières spécifiques, qui favorisent l’adaptation globale des personnes âgées insuffisantes cardiaques en transition de l’hôpital vers le domicile, sont efficaces. Un programme d’interventions infirmières qui répond directement aux besoins et aux difficultés de cette clientèle contribue à une meilleure gestion de la maladie chronique et à une meilleure qualité de vie.
Chez les personnes de 65 ans et plus, l’insuffisance cardiaque est l’une des premières causes d’hospitalisation. Les coûts reliés aux soins de l’insuffisance cardiaque sont exorbitants. Les symptômes de l’insuffisance cardiaque et les fréquentes hospitalisations compromettent grandement la transition suite à ces hospitalisations ainsi que la qualité de vie de ces personnes. Plusieurs études montrent que des programmes de soins de transition sont efficaces. Il demeure toutefois difficile de décrire les interventions spécifiques des infirmières pour arriver à ces résultats. Dans un contexte où les ressources sont limitées, documenter ces interventions s’avère nécessaire et prioritaire pour assurer leur application dans les milieux cliniques. Des interventions infirmières efficaces et appropriées favorisent une meilleure adaptation, diminuent les complications au cours de la transition et évitent des hospitalisations à répétition. Elles contribuent ainsi à diminuer l’utilisation des services et améliorer la qualité de vie de ces personnes. La présente étude s’inspire du modèle d’adaptation de Roy (2009) et des grandes fonctions infirmières de Dallaire et Dallaire (2008). Elle visait à développer, mettre à l’essai et évaluer un programme d’interventions infirmières, pour soutenir le processus d’adaptation des personnes âgées hospitalisées suite à une décompensation de leur insuffisance cardiaque, lors de la transition de l’hôpital vers le domicile. Une méthode mixte a été privilégiée. L’utilisation du processus d’élaboration et d’évaluation des interventions de Sidani et Braden (2011) a permis d’élaborer un programme d’interventions après avoir développé une compréhension approfondie des besoins des personnes âgées et clarifié les composantes des interventions infirmières. Pour ce faire, en plus d’une revue des théories explicatives et de la littérature empirique, des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées des personnes âgées et leurs proches, des infirmières et d’autres professionnels expérimentés ont été réalisées. Une méthode d’échantillonnage théorique a assuré une représentation adéquate par sept personnes âgées et six de leurs proches. Une méthode d’échantillonnage par choix raisonné a permis de recruter neuf infirmières et cinq autres professionnels de la santé. L’analyse des données, effectuée par un processus inductif et déductif, a permis de développer un programme d’interventions détaillé et optimal. Ce dernier a été mis à l’essai à l’aide d’un devis prétest et post-test avec groupe de comparaison. Pour le pilote, dix personnes âgées hospitalisées pour une décompensation de leur insuffisance cardiaque ont été recrutées et assignées au hasard dans le groupe expérimental ou le groupe contrôle. Le programme d’interventions comprend une visite à l’hôpital, avant le départ, et cinq visites à domicile intercalées d’appels téléphoniques. À chaque séance, l’infirmière pose différentes interventions personnalisées afin de favoriser l’adaptation de la personne au niveau physiologique, psychique et spirituel, social et afin de favoriser ses relations avec les autres. La mise à l’essai montre la faisabilité et l’acceptabilité du programme d’interventions. De plus, des effets du programme d’interventions chez les personnes âgées et l’utilisation des services sont documentés. Des différences statistiquement significatives sont observées entre les deux groupes en ce qui concerne les habiletés d’autogestion de la maladie ainsi que le degré d’incertitude perçu. De plus, des tendances positives sont observées chez les participants du groupe expérimental pour le sentiment d’être prêt et l’adaptation au départ ainsi que pour la qualité de vie. Aucune différence statistiquement significative entre les deux groupes n’est observée pour l’utilisation des services, mais les données montrent que les participants du groupe expérimental ont bénéficié d’interventions ayant potentiellement évité un déplacement vers les services d’urgence et une hospitalisation. En conclusion, cette étude montre que des interventions infirmières spécifiques, qui favorisent l’adaptation globale des personnes âgées insuffisantes cardiaques en transition de l’hôpital vers le domicile, sont efficaces. Un programme d’interventions infirmières qui répond directement aux besoins et aux difficultés de cette clientèle contribue à une meilleure gestion de la maladie chronique et à une meilleure qualité de vie.
Heart failure is one of the most common reason for hospitalization in patients aged 65 years and older. This chronic condition affects these elderly, has recurrent and progressive deterioration pattern that compromise quality of life and impose significant impacts on our health care system. Effective transitional care programs may improve clinical outcomes and reduce hospital readmissions. However, it remains difficult to describe theses complex nursing interventions to achieve these results. Very little research has examined the ways through which these programs achieve their particular effects. In a context of limited resources, documenting these interventions and mechanisms seems to be necessary to insure their application and adequacy in the clinical practice. Effective and appropriate nursing interventions reduce complications, increased the length of time between hospital discharge and readmission and reduce total number of hospitalizations. They contribute to improve the quality of life for these people while contributing to decrease the costs. Based on Roy’s adaptation model (Roy, 2009) and nursing functions model by Dallaire et Dallaire (2008), the purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a nurse transitional care program for older with chronic heart failure at the discharge of hospital. To achieve this goal, a mixed method was privileged. The systematic process proposed by Sidani et Braden (2011) was used to conceptualize and evaluate the nursing interventions program. Theories and empiric literature were used. Also, nine nurses, five health care professionals and seven older people with chronic heart failure and six caregivers participated in semi-structured interviews. An analytic method was used to conceptualize the nursing interventions program. This program was tested. Ten elderly were recruited and randomized in two groups: control and intervention. Five people tested and evaluated the nursing interventions program. The program consists of one session at hospital, before departure and five sessions at home with phones calls between homes visits. Each session includes nursing interventions to promote physiologic, psychic and spiritual, social and relational adaptation. The study results showed the feasibility and the acceptability of the nursing interventions program. The intervention group had significantly improved self-care of their chronic illness and decrease feeling of uncertainty after 30 days. Also, there was a trend toward better readiness for hospital discharge, lower post discharge coping difficulties and better quality of life in the intervention group. No significant difference was found in hospital readmission and emergency consultation. Nursing interventions program show that intervention group received more interventions that may have prevented the use of health services. This study shows that nursing interventions promote holistic adaptation of older people with chronic heart failure at discharge from hospital. Nursing interventions that respond directly to the needs and difficulties of this clientele contribute to better disease management and quality of life.
Heart failure is one of the most common reason for hospitalization in patients aged 65 years and older. This chronic condition affects these elderly, has recurrent and progressive deterioration pattern that compromise quality of life and impose significant impacts on our health care system. Effective transitional care programs may improve clinical outcomes and reduce hospital readmissions. However, it remains difficult to describe theses complex nursing interventions to achieve these results. Very little research has examined the ways through which these programs achieve their particular effects. In a context of limited resources, documenting these interventions and mechanisms seems to be necessary to insure their application and adequacy in the clinical practice. Effective and appropriate nursing interventions reduce complications, increased the length of time between hospital discharge and readmission and reduce total number of hospitalizations. They contribute to improve the quality of life for these people while contributing to decrease the costs. Based on Roy’s adaptation model (Roy, 2009) and nursing functions model by Dallaire et Dallaire (2008), the purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a nurse transitional care program for older with chronic heart failure at the discharge of hospital. To achieve this goal, a mixed method was privileged. The systematic process proposed by Sidani et Braden (2011) was used to conceptualize and evaluate the nursing interventions program. Theories and empiric literature were used. Also, nine nurses, five health care professionals and seven older people with chronic heart failure and six caregivers participated in semi-structured interviews. An analytic method was used to conceptualize the nursing interventions program. This program was tested. Ten elderly were recruited and randomized in two groups: control and intervention. Five people tested and evaluated the nursing interventions program. The program consists of one session at hospital, before departure and five sessions at home with phones calls between homes visits. Each session includes nursing interventions to promote physiologic, psychic and spiritual, social and relational adaptation. The study results showed the feasibility and the acceptability of the nursing interventions program. The intervention group had significantly improved self-care of their chronic illness and decrease feeling of uncertainty after 30 days. Also, there was a trend toward better readiness for hospital discharge, lower post discharge coping difficulties and better quality of life in the intervention group. No significant difference was found in hospital readmission and emergency consultation. Nursing interventions program show that intervention group received more interventions that may have prevented the use of health services. This study shows that nursing interventions promote holistic adaptation of older people with chronic heart failure at discharge from hospital. Nursing interventions that respond directly to the needs and difficulties of this clientele contribute to better disease management and quality of life.
Shi, Xiusong. "Deformation behaviour of multi-porosity soils in landfills." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-205774.
Full textIn einem Tagebau können die feinkörnigen Böden in unterschiedlichen Zustandsformen entstehen. Dies sind zum einen klumpige Böden mit einer granular ähnlichen Struktur (Pseudokornstruktur) und einer hohen Konsistenzzahl und zum anderen Mischungen aus mehreren Tonen oder Schluffen mit niedriger Konsistenzzahl. Der Zustand wird dabei massgebend von dem Transport (z.B. Länge des Förderbandes) und dem Ausgangszustand (z.B. der Anfangsscherfestigkeit) beeinflusst. Klumpige Böden entstehen bei der Abbaggerung des natürlichen Materials auf der Abbauseite, welches eine hohe Festigkeit besitzt. Alle Böden werden normalerweise ohne Verdichtung verkippt, so entstehen bei der Verkippung von klumpigen Böden grosse Makro-Porenräume zwischen den Klumpen, welche sehr luft- bzw. wasserdurchlässig sind. Nach einiger Zeit entsteht eine neue Struktur aus den Klumpen und dem Material des sich von aussen auflösenden Klumpens, welches das Füllmaterial bildet. Wenn die Festigkeit des Ausgangsmaterials niedrig ist oder lange Transportwege stattfinden, zerfallen die Klumpen. Zudem werden die Böden von verschiedenen Schichten der Abbauseite unter einander gemischt, wodurch die Tongemische entstehen. Sowohl für die Dimensionierung und Berechnung der aus den Verkippungen entstehenden Tagebaurandböschungen sowie für eine spätere Nutzung des ehemaligen Tagebaugebietes ist die Kenntnisüber das Deformations- und Verformungsverhalten von Kippenböden notwendig. Daher wurden in dieser Arbeit Tagebauböden und ihr zeitlich veränderliches Verhalten untersucht. Dabei werden diese, bezugnehmend auf den Anfangszustand, in drei typische Materialien unterschieden: (1) der frisch verkippte klumpige Boden, (2) eine Mischung aus Klumpen und Füllmaterial, welche höhere Liegezeiten repräsentiert und (3) Mischungen von feinkörnigen Ausgangsböden. Zunächst wurden künstlich hergestellte klumpige Böden untersucht. Sie bilden eine Übergangsform zwischen aufbereiteten und natürlichen klumpigen Böden. Das Kompressions- und Scherverhalten sowie die Durchlässigkeit wurden an Ödometer und Triaxialversuchen bestimmt. Das Füllmaterial, welches die Makroporen zwischen den Klumpen füllt, spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für das Materialverhalten. Ähnlich wie bei den künstlich hergestellten klumpigen Böden schliessen sich auch bei den Böden im Tagebau die Makroporenschen bei niedrigen Spannungen. Dabei werden die Klumpen umgelagert. Allerdings befindet sich die Grenze des Spannungszustandes oberhalb der Critical State Line des Füllmaterials, was möglicherweise mit den unter Diagenese entstandenen Bodenstrukturen erklärt werden kann. Die Strukturänderung der klumpigen Böden kann aufgrund des Spannungsniveaus in drei mögliche Stufen unterteilt werden. Am Anfang ist die Kompressibilität der frischen verkippten Klumpen hoch, da sich die Makroporen bereits bei geringen Spannungen schliessen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt sind auch die Durchlässigkeiten in erster Linie von den grossen Porenräumen der Makroporen, welche als Entwässerungspfade dienen, beeinflusst. Die Scherfestigkeit hingegen, wird durch die aufgeweichten Böden an den Oberflächen der Klumpen massgebend beeinflusst. Bei höheren Konsolidationspannungen sinkt die Kompressibilität und der Boden verhält sich wie einüberkonsolidierter Boden. Obwohl die Struktur aufgrund der veränderten Klumpenoberflächen zu diesem Zeitpunkt homogener wirkt, ist die Struktur noch heterogen und die Durchlässigkeit ist höher als bei einem aufbereiteten Boden mit gleichem spezifischem Volumen (Porenzahl). Letztendlich erreicht der aktuelle Spannungszustand den derüberkonsolidierten Klumpen und der gesamte Boden verhält sich wie ein normal konsolidierter Boden. Des Weiteren wurden isotrop konsolidierte drainierte Triaxialversuche an künstlich aus zwei Ausgangsmaterialien hergestellten Proben mit parallelen und seriellen Strukturen durchgeführt. Die Laborversuche zeigten, dass die Proben mit seriellem Aufbau dieselben Gleitflächen haben, wie der Ausgangsboden mit der niedrigeren Scherfestigkeit. Die Gleitfläche der Proben mit parallelen Strukturen verlief durch beide Materialien. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Scherfestigkeit der seriell aufgebauten Proben geringfügig höher, als die des Bodens mit der niedrigeren Scherfestigkeit ist. Die Scherfestigkeit der parallel aufgebauten Proben liegt zwischen den beiden Ausgangsmaterialien. Danach wurde das Verhalten der künstlich erzeugten klumpigen Böden mit zufällig verteiltem Füllmaterial mit Hilfe der Finiten Elemente Methode verglichen. Die Simulationen zeigten, dass unter einer isotropen Kompressionsbelastung das Spannungsverhältnis, definiert aus dem Verhältnis der Spannung des Volumendurchschnitts zwischen den Klumpen und dem Füllmaterial, deutlich durch die Volumenanteile und die Vorkonsoliderungsspannung der Klumpen beeinflusst wird. Während das Volumenverhältnis eine untergeordnete Rolle in den in Triaxialzellen unter Scherung belasteten Proben spielt. Aus den Simulationsergebnissen und den Laborversuchen der beiden Grundkonfigurationen wurde ein Homogenisierungsgesetz abgeleitet, welches die Sekandensteifigkeiten verwendet. Das Kompressionsverhalten der Mischungen aus Klumpen und Füllmaterial wurde mit Blick auf die Homogenisierung analysiert. Zunächst kann das Volumen der Mischungen in 4 individuelle Komponentenanteile zerlegt werden. Die Makroporosität zwischen den Klumpen wurde zur Entwicklung der Volumenanteile des Füllmaterials eingeführt. Sie wurde als eine Funktion der totalen Porosität und der Materialien formuliert. Auf Grundlage einer theoretischen Analyse an klumpigen Böden und unter Zuhilfenahme einer numerischen Methode wird ein Gesetz zur Homogenisierung vorgeschlagen. Dieses enthält eine Beziehung zwischen der Tagentensteifigkeit der Klumpen und seinem Füllmaterial. Abschliessend wird ein einfaches Kompressionsmodel für die Mischung aus Klumpen und Füllmaterial vorgeschlagen, welches den Einfluss der Bodenstruktur und der Änderung des Volumenanteils des Füllmaterials berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus wurde eine allgemeine Formulierung für das Konsolidationsverhalten der klumpigen Böden mit Füllmaterial vorgeschlagen, welche sich auf das Konzept der doppelten Porosität (Klumpen und Füllmaterial) und eine Homogenisierungstheoerie bezieht. Um das Verhalten der Klumpen bei niedrigen Spannungen zu beschreiben, wird eine neue Grenzbedingung unter Zuhilfenahme der äquivalenten Hvorslev-Spannung und des Criticial State Konzeptes vorgeschlagen. Der Struktureffekt für sensitive Böden wurde in die nichtlineare Hvorslev-Oberfläche eingebaut. Das allgemein gültige Cam-Clay-Model von McDowell und Hau (2003) wurde um die nasse Seite des Critical State Konzeptes erweitert. Eine Sekandensteifigkeit, definiert aus dem Verhältnis zwischen der Deviatorspannung und der Deviatordehnung, wurde für das Homogenisieurungsgesetz ebenfalls verwendet. Abschliessend wird ein Modell für natürliche klumpige Böden vorgestellt, welches auch eine Homogenisierung beinhaltet. Die physikalischen Eigenschaften, das Kompressionsverhalten und die undrainierten Scherfestigkeiten von aufbereiten Tongemischen wurden im Labor unter Herstellung künstlicher Bödengemische untersucht. Anschliessend wurde ein Kompressions- und Schermodell für aufbereitete Tongemische vorgeschlagen. Das Modell der Scherfestigkeit der Tongemische entstand aus der Vereinfachung der Tongemischstruktur, in welcher die Elemente der Ausgangsmaterialien zufällig in dem Einheitsvolumen verteilt sind. Werden Wassergehaltsverhältnisse (das Verhältnis der Wassergehalte der Ausgangsmaterialien) definiert, kann die undrainierte Scherfestigkeit für alle Bestandteile separat geschätzt werden und dannüber die Volumenanteile bestimmt werden. Ein Homogenisierungsgesetz wurde auf Grundlage der theoretischen Analyse von zufällig angeordneten Strukturen entwickelt. Ein einfaches Kompressionsmodell, welches N-Ausgangsmaterielien bzw. Tone und eine Homogenisierung enthält, wird vorgeschlagen, und an einer Mischung aus 2 Bestandteilen im Labor validiert
Korchi, Fatima Zahra El. "Approche expérimentale multi-échelle de l'effondrement capillaire de sols granulaires." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS036/document.
Full textWetting in granular materials induces changes in the morphology of capillary bridges which pass from an isolated form (between two neighboring grains) to a merged form (between several neighboring grains). These changes in the morphology of the liquid bridges impact the mechanical behavior of these materials, and can lead to instabilities such as capillary collapse. The thesis presents a multi-scale experimental approach in the laboratory of the capillary collapse of granular materials during wetting. The approach concerns the three scales: macroscopic of a Representative Elementary Volume, mesoscopic of several grains and local of three or four grains. At the macroscopic scale, the wetting tests, carried out in a triaxial cell, allowed the identification and the analysis of capillary collapse phenomenon, focusing on the evolution of deformations over time. The tests are carried out on two granular materials, the first is a material made of glass beads and the second is a crushed sand. A clay fraction is sometimes incorporated into the material. Several parameters have been studied in order to understand their contributions to the triggering of the collapse phenomenon, such as: grain size, initial water content, initial compactness and percentage of clay particles. At the mesoscopic and local scales, an experimental study is proposed to characterize the mechanical behavior of a granular materials, in the pendular and funicular regimes. In particular, this study focus on the effect of the wetting and the coalescence of bridges, on the capillary force between grains at the considered scale. Wetting tests were performed by adding water volume increments to the capillary bridges. The results on behavior and collapse at the macroscopic scale during wetting are discussed using the results obtained on the lower scales
Béchade, Clémence. "Etude du parcours de soins du patient insuffisant rénal chronique : voies d'optimisation des phases de transition." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC403/document.
Full textTransitions between treatment strategies in chronic kidney disease are often not prepared and can lead to morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to anticipate these transitions to improve patients outcomes and health care organisation. We aimed at studying three pathways observed in the career of chronic kidney disease patients.We have shown that patients treated by hemodialysis before peritoneal dialysis start and failed transplant patients had a higher risk of early peritoneal dialysis failure. Early peritonitis was also associated with a higher risk of early technical failure. It is therefore important to evaluate the necessity to create an arterio-venous fistula in peritoneal dialysis patients during the first months on dialysis, to avoid transfer in hemodialysis on a central venous catheter.We reported that the rate of arterio-venous fistula infections in satellite dialysis units was low. However, it seems necessary to distinguish the risk for having a first infection and the risk for having a relapse of infection. This consideration can help decreasing the number of fallback between stallite units and hospital dialysis centers.Finally, we studied transition between end-stage renal disease and dialysis in cancer patients. We showed that incidence of chronic dialysis initiation in that population was not higher then the one observed in the general population. Survival in dialysis was not different in cancer patients compared to matched patients without malignancy. We can hypothesise that only cancer patients in good condition are proposed for dialysis programs.It is necessary to consider the chronic kidney disease patients' care as an integrated care program, with transitions between treatment strategies that can be improved and anticipated
Khin, Nilar Swe. "AGRARIAN TRANSITIONS IN SWIDDEN CULTIVATION IN MYANMAR:CASE STUDIES IN BAGO MOUNTAINS AND SOUTHERN SHAN HIGHLANDS." Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/261624.
Full textPacific, Vincent Jerald. "Variability in soil CO2 production and surface CO2 efflux across riparian-hillslope transitions." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/pacific/PacificV0507.pdf.
Full textRachas, Antoine. "Recours aux soins des jeunes en transition vers l’âge adulte ayant une pathologie chronique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS004/document.
Full textThe prognosis of childhood-onset chronic conditions has improved, such that more patients now reach adulthood. However, adolescence and entry into adulthood is a critical period that may be associated with poor outcomes, including gaps in care continuity and medical complications. Here, I first described hospitalization and mortality rates in youths registered for a long-term disease (LTD) before the age of 14 (N=1,752), relative to those with no LTD (N=52,346). A retrospective cohort (2005-2014) was built from a sample of the French national health insurance database, called Echantillon généraliste des Bénéficiaires. Approximately 3% of 14-year-old youths had been registered for a LTD. The mortality patterns by gender and the trend in hospitalization rates by age were different from those in the general population of the same age, especially after reaching the age of 18, which was followed by a fall in hospitalization rates. Then, using the same data, I showed that the prognosis of these youths living with a chronic disease, including mortality, was associated with low socio-economic level, as measured by being covered by Couverture Maladie Universelle Complementaire, a public complementary health insurance offering free access to care, delivered on the basis of very low househould incomes. Hence, overcoming financial barriers did not offset social health inequalities in this population. At last, one day, these youths have to be transferred to adult care. Moving to adult care is a critical time in patients’ follow-up that may lead to discontinuity in medical care. Transition programs are being gradually implemented, to prepare and smooth the transfer and support youths during this period. I performed a systematic review of literature (23 studies) that highlighted two aspects of continuity of care during transfer: engagement (first contacts) and retention in adult care once the first contact has been established. This review also emphasized the paucity of knowledge to evaluate transition programs in terms of care continuity. Finally, the results of this PhD raises many issues that need to be addressed, including coping strategies of young patients with high risk situations, and the role of transfer to adult care on patient behavior, prognosis and clinical practices. Studies involving patients with a large spectrum of severe chronic diseases, including factors related to healthcare organization, related to the disease, individual and familial, should be encouraged
Ferreira, José Nuno Varandas da Silva. "Long-term behaviour of railway transitions under dynamic loading application to soft soil sites." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10145.
Full textTransition zones in railway tracks are built to mitigate damage and wear to tracks and trains, and discomfort to passengers, caused by structural and foundation discontinuities, such as those introduced by bridge approaches or culverts. However, additional strains are still generated that cause changes of track geometry, that lead to more frequent maintenance operations and sometimes speed restrictions, that raise costs, and need to be minimized. This thesis addresses those questions and describes research undertaken to model the dynamic response of the railway tracks, taking into account the behaviour of ballast at the aforementioned railway transition zones, where the long-term settlements are amplified by dynamical loading on the ballast due to the discontinuities. Novel numerical models for the simulation of the dynamic response of the system soilballast-track-vehicle and accounting for those phenomena are presented. The models are validated by field measurements performed at a passage over a culvert, located in a soft soil site. The models include the unloaded level of the track, the possibility of voids under the sleepers, and the non-linear constitutive behaviour of the ballast, as well as representation, albeit simplified, of the vehicles. The forces transmitted to the ballast at transition areas vary considerably, both in time and space: loading of ballast reaches higher values than in regular tracks, and the additional vibrations cause larger differences between loads transmitted to consecutive sleepers. This causes higher densification of ballast at transition zones. Transition zones solely composed of approach slabs are not effective in soft soil sites. The soil and ballast at approach regions settle more than the segment on top of the much stiffer structure, leading to the appearance of hanging sleepers. The subsequent combined effect of lower load on part of the ballast and motion of the approach slabs results on increased settlement of the ballast and sub-ballast, increasing the voids under the sleepers, and causing more severe actions on the track. Possible improvement measures were modeled and tested computationally at the later stages of the thesis. The numerical simulations showed that the use of soft railpads on the stiff side of the transition is beneficial, provided the problem is mostly caused by stiffness variation of the track support. Slab track solution was also tested and showed advantages over the ballasted track by showing much smaller differential rail displacements,for identical change of the track support stiffness.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - Ph.D grant (SFRH/BD/25297/2005), through the project “Interacção solo-via férrea para comboios de alta velocidade” (POCI/ECM/61114/2004), and through the project SMARTRACK (PTDC/EME-PME/101419/2008)
Lai, Ba Tien. "Modélisation du comportement des sols fins quasi-saturés comportant de l’air occlus." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSET001/document.
Full textThe behaviour of quasi-saturated materials is an important factor to be considered when designing cuttings and embankments in which earthwork materials are compacted to the optimum proctor density. Typically, soil compaction is performed at the optimum Proctor or on the wet side of the optimum, which means that the soil is in a highly saturated state. Cruz et al (1985) have shown that at a high degree of saturation (greater than 85% or even 90% in the case of certain soils), the liquid phase is continuous whereas the gas phase in the form of entrapped air bubbles is discontinuous. It is the presence of the entrapped air bubbles which makes the soil behaviour complex. The construction of a theoretical model for this type of soils requires the consideration of various physical-mechanical phenomena and their couplings occurring within the tri-phasic medium consisting of the solid grains, liquid water containing dissolved air and the entrapped air bubbles. In this sense, a new hydromechanical model has been developed that takes into account the physical-mechanical interactions between different phases as well as the kinematics of each constituent (liquid water, dissolved air, gaseous air and solid grains). In particular, the model accounts for the interfacial tension, migration of gaseous and liquid phases, which have important impacts on the mechanical behaviour. The development leads to a system of highly non-linear partial differential equations which can be solved numerically using the finite element method. This new model has been implemented in a numerical code “Hydromech” written in C++, developed originally by Pereira (2005) that has been used to simulate oedometer tests with different hydromechanical loading paths. In particular, this code allows to simulate consistently the transition across different regimes of saturation, both with respect to space (progressive translation of a boundary between two neighbouring regimes) and to time (transition of one regime to another at a fixed material point); which constituted a difficult modelling problem at the start. Numerical studies carried out show that this model gives consistent results providing a clear demonstration of its ability to simulate with precision the hydro-mechanical behaviour of quasi-saturated soils containing entrapped air
Massé, Valérie. "Transition étudiante-externe et retombées d'un programme d'externat en soins infirmiers : une étude de cas avec méthodes mixtes en contexte hospitalier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27371.
Full textSeveral Quebec healthcare establishments offer nursing externship programs. Each program has its own characteristics, the outcomes of which are still only partially understood. Furthermore, the way in which the externship affects the transition from student to extern has not yet been studied. Aim: Evaluate the impacts of an externship program and how it affects the transition experience of nursing externs. Method: Single case study with mixed methods, incorporating semi-structured individual interviews (n=10) with externs and nurses, documentary sources (n=15), and quantitative administrative data. Content analysis, modelling, and descriptive statistical analyses were performed depending on the nature of the data. Results: The characteristics of the externship program were exposed through a program logic model. Qualitatively, strengthening of the five competencies targeted by the externship program and a renewal of identity were observed. The quantitative data showed improvements in only two competencies, namely ‘contributing to health status evaluation’ and ‘recording information and observations’. Three explanatory narratives emerged regarding how the externship’s characteristics and the interventions practiced by supervising nurses shaped the transition experience: 1) a welcome and training period helped overcome uncertainty at the beginning of an externship, 2) a lack of preparation or poor understanding hindered externship progress, and 3) it was difficult to maintain an overall view of externs’ progress. Conclusion: A nursing externship is not only about filling a labour gap; it is an investment in consolidating the skills and the identity of future nurses.
Hurrass, Julia. "Interactions between soil organic matter and water with special respect to the glass transition Behavior." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979357454.
Full textRoberge, Sophie. "Exploration des perceptions des étudiants quant à leur adaptation lors de la transition en début d'études collégiales en soins infirmiers suite au mentorat par les pairs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27906.
Full textChilders, Todd Bradley. "The effect of low and high fertility treatments on soil quality, yields, pest incidence and labor requirements of a post-transitional organic market garden system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4172.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 66 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-66).
Loaiza, Usuga Juan Carlos. "Soil hydrology in the Ribera Salada Catchment (Catalan PrePyrenees): application of hydrologic models for the estimation of hydrologic transitional regimes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8235.
Full textafectada per canvis d'ús del sòl, mitjançant el monitoreig d'aquest i de l'aigua superficial. Aquest
objectiu s'ha treballat a partir mesuraments de components del balanç hídric pels diferents tipus de
cobertura i sòl, amb règims d'humitat i temperatura de transició.
Aquest estudi s'ha realitzat a la conca de la Ribera Salada (Prepirineu meridional Català, al NE
d'Espanya), amb una extensió de 222.5 km2, i un interval altitudinal de 420 a 2385 m i predomini de
pendents entre 12 - 25 % i 25 - 50 %. El substrat consisteix en conglomerats calcaris massius, calcilutites
i llims. La precipitació es de 507 i 763 mm. Amb sòls poc profunds, calcaris i pedregosos, essent
majoritàriament Inceptisòls (Typic Calciusteps, Typic Haploustepts) i Entisòls (Typic Ustifluvents, Typic
Udorthortents). A les zones més elevades de la conca, els sòls són més humits, degut a l'augment de la
precipitació, on es produeixen processos de descarbonatació del sòl. L'ús del sòl és majoritàriament
forestal, amb presència d'ecosistemes de ribera, subalpins i vegetació submediterrània. Algunes àrees es
troben amb cultius de patata, cereal i pastures. Una de les característiques més importants d'aquesta
conca són els canvis d'ús del sòl que ha patit en els últims 50 anys degut a l'abandó dels masos i cultius
tradicionals. Es seleccionaren vuit llocs de mostreig considerant les següents cobertes: Quercus ilex, bosc
de ribera, Pinus sylvestris, pastures, cultius (cereal-patata) i Pinus uncinata. A partir de l'any 1997 fins el
2005, s'han anat monitorejant el contingut d'humitat del sòl, l'escolament i els cabals. Des del 2004 s'han
anat anotant dades de drenatge. Les variables meteorològiques es mesuren a l'estació de Lladurs de la
XAC (Xarxa Agrometeorològica de Catalunya).
Els resultats obtenguts durant tres anys mostren una domini del règim d'humitat ústic (SSS, 2006), o xèric
en aquells anys més secs. En la modelització de règims d'humitat i temperatura del sòl, s'utilitzaren els
models de simulació NSM "Newhall simulation model" (Newhall, 1976) i JSM "Jarauta simulation
model" (Jarauta 1989). NSM (Newhall,1976) tendeix a sobre estimar el règim d'humitat del sòl, però
JSM (Jarauta, 1989) simula correctament el règim d'humitat del sòl (SSS, 2006) de la conca, funcionant
millor en condicions intermitges d'humitat del sòl. Ambdós models simulen correctament el règim de
temperatura dels sòls. Predomina un règim de temperatura mèsic-tèrmic, amb tendència a tèrmic els anys
secs. A petita escala la profunditat del sòl, pendent, pedregositat i una alta porositat del sòl són factores
que varien el règim d'humitat del sòl. La informació de sòl i clima, complementada mitjançant SIG, va
permetre l'obtenció de mapes de règim d'humitat del sòl de la conca, a escala 1:50000, els quals
permeten establir mediante simució els règims d'humitat del sòl en diferents escenaris de canvis
meteorològics.
El model TOPLATS ha sigut utilitzat en l'estimació de l'humitat del sòl en diferents usos del sòl. Aquest
model fou calibrat amb les equacions del filtre Kalman estès (EKF), que deriven de la minimització del
quadrat de la diferència entre els valors reals i els estimats (Goegebeur & Pauwels, 2007). Aquesta
metodologia interrelaciona correctament els valors de pluja, humitat del sòl, escolament i infiltració,
essent els valors d'humitat els que més s'aproximen als reals. Els resultats mostren que aquest filtre és
una eina útil per estimar el volum d'aigua del sòl emmagatzemada en conques a escala puntual,
assegurant una aplicació correcta del model hidrològic.
Per la modelització del comportament de l'humitat del sòl i diferents components del balanç hídric
s'utilitzà el modelo TOPLATS (Famiglietti & Wood, 1994). El model de simulació TOPLATS permite
simulà acceptablement el comportament de l'humitat del sòl. Els resultats de infiltració, escolament,
intercepció, evapotranspiració de referència i temperatura del sòl són correctes. Les diferències existents
entre valors simulats i observats són: l'humitat del sòl no sobrepassa el 5%, la infiltració fluctua entre 4%
i 15%, la diferència entre els valors reals i simulats d'evapotranspiració, depèn de l'estació de l'any,
essent 1mm a l'hivern i 2.7 mm a l'estiu. La temperatura varia entre 0.01ºC i 3.5ºC. El model calibrat
prediu amb precisió el comportament de les diferents components del balanç hídric. Respecte als valors
mesurats d'aigua de drenatge correspon al 11-41 % de la pluja total.
Respecte al balanç d'aigua en el sòl (ΔSW), els valors són negatius durant cert període de l'any, arribant a
valors crítics els mesos secs. La recuperació de humitat del sòl durant la resta de mesos succeeix de
manera parcial. A la part mitja de la conca, alguns mesos els valors d'humitat del sòl s'acosten a
condicions de punt de marchites (ecosistema submediterrani). A la part alta de la conca el sòl conserva
humitat (ecosistema subalpí). Els valors de cabal trobats corresponen a aportacions per escolament el
cuals són molt baixos. La majoria de les sortides es deuen a evapotranspiració, intercepció, infiltració i
drenatge (en ordre de importància).
El principal objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la dinámica hidrológica de una cuenca Mediterránea
afectada por los cambios de uso del suelo, mediante el monitoreo del suelo y el agua superficial. Dicho objetivo
se ha abordado a partir de la medición de componentes del balance hídrico para diferentes tipos de cobertura y
suelo, considerando regimenes de humedad y temperatura de transición.
Este estudio se ha realizado en la cuenca de la Ribera Salada (Prepirineo meridional Catalán, NE España) de
222.5 km2, con un intervalo altitudinal de 420 a 2385 m y predominio de pendientes entre 12 - 25 % y 25 - 50
%. El sustrato consiste en conglomerados calcáreos masivos, calcilutitas y limos. La precipitación anual es de
507 y 763 mm. Los suelos són poco profundos, calcáreos y pedregosos, siendo en su mayoría Inceptisols
(Typic Calciusteps, Typic Haploustepts) y Entisols (Typic Ustifluvents, Typic Udorthortents). En las partes
altas de la cuenca los suelos son más húmedos, debido al aumento de la precipitación, allí ocurren procesos de
descarbonatación del suelo. Predomina el uso forestal, con ecosistemas de ribera, subalpinos y vegetación
submediterránea. Algunas áreas se dedican al cultivo de patatas, cereal y pastos. Una de las características más
importantes de esta cuenca es los importantes cambios de uso del suelo sufridos en los últimos 50 años, debido
al abandono de las masías y cultivos tradicionales.
Se seleccionaron ocho sitios de muestreo, considerando las siguientes coberturas: Quercus ilex, bosque de
ribera, Pinus sylvestris, pastos, cultivo (cereal-patata) y Pinus uncinata. A partir del año 1997 hasta 2005, se
han venido monitoreando el contenido de humedad del suelo, escorrentía y caudales. Desde 2004 se vienen
tomando datos drenaje. Las variables meteorológicas se miden la estación Lladurs perteneciente a la XAC
(Xarxa Agrometeorológica de Cataluña).
Los resultados obtenidos par un period de tres años muestran una predominancia del regimen de humedad
ústico (SSS, 2006), o xérico en los años más secos. Se utilizaron los modelos de simulación NSM "Newhall
simulation model" (Newhall, 1976) y JSM "Jarauta simulation model" (Jarauta 1989) en la modelización de
regimenes de humedad y temperatura del suelo. NSM (Newhall,1976) tiende a sobre estimar el régimen de
humedad del suelo. Por contra, JSM (Jarauta, 1989) simula de forma correcta el régimen de humedad del suelo
(SSS, 2006) presente en la cuenca, funcionando mejor bajo condiciones medias de humedad del suelo. Ambos
modelos simulan de forma correcta el régimen de temperatura de los suelos. Predomina un régimen de
temperatura mésico-térmico, con tendencia a térmico para los años secos. A pequeña escala la profundidad del
suelo, pendiente, pedregosidad y alta porosidad del suelo son factores que hacen variar el régimen de humedad
del suelo. La información de suelo y clima, complementada mediante SIG, permitió obtener mapas de régimen
de humedad del suelo para la cuenca, a una escala 1:50000, los cuales permiten establecer mediante simulación
los regimenes de humedad en el suelo bajo diferentes escenarios de cambios meteorológicos.
El modelo TOPLATS ha sido utilizado en la estimación de la humedad en el suelo para diferentes usos del
suelo. Este modelo fue calibrado con las ecuaciones del filtro Kalman extendido (EKF), que se derivan de la
minimización del cuadrado de la diferencia entre los valores reales y los estimados (Goegebeur & Pauwels,
2007). Esta metodología interrelaciona correctamente los valores de lluvia, humedad en el suelo, escorrentía y
infiltración, siendo los valores de humedad los mas ajustados a los valores reales. Los resultados muestran que
este filtro es una herramienta para estimar el volumen de agua en el suelo almacenada en las cuencas a escala
puntual, asegurando una aplicación correcta del modelo hidrológico.
Para la modelización del comportamiento de la humedad del suelo y los diferentes componentes del balance
hídrico se utilizó el modelo TOPLATS (Famiglietti & Wood, 1994). El modelo de simulación TOPLATS
permite simular aceptablemente el comportamiento de la humedad del suelo. Los resultados para infiltración,
escorrentía, intercepción, evapotranspiración de referencia y temperatura del suelo son correctos. Las
diferencias existentes entre valores simulados y observados son: la humedad del suelo no sobrepasa el 5%, la
infiltración fluctúa entre 4% y 15%, la diferencia entre los valores reales y simulados de evapotranspiración,
depende de la estación del año, siendo 1mm en invierno y 2.7 mm en verano, la temperatura varia entre 0.01 ºC
y 3.5ºC. El modelo calibrado predice con precisión el comportamiento de las diferentes componentes del
balance hídrico. Respecto a los valores medidos para agua de drenaje corresponde al 11-41 % de la lluvia total.
Respecto al balance de agua en el suelo (ΔSW), los valores son negativos para un corto periodo del año,
alcanzando valores críticos en meses secos. La recuperación de humedad del suelo para el resto de los meses
ocurre de manera parcial. En la parte media de la cuenca, para algunos meses los valores de humedad del suelo
son cercanos a condiciones de punto de marchites permanente (ecosistema submediterráneo). En la parte alta
de la cuenca el suelo conserva condiciones intermedias de humedad (ecosistema subalpino). Los valores de
caudal encontrados corresponden a los aportes por escorrentía, los cuales son muy bajos. La mayor parte de las
salidas ocurren por evapotranspiración, intercepción, infiltración y drenaje (en orden de importancia).
The main aim of this research is to study the hydrological dynamics of a Mediterranean mountain basin
affected by land use changes, by means of the monitoring of soil and surface water. This aim has been
reached by measuring and simulating hydric balance components of different soils and under different
vegetational types, considering water and temperature transition regimes.
This research was done in Ribera Salada basin (Catalan Pre Pyrenees, NE Spain), with an area of 222.5
km2, altitudes between 420 and 2385 m, with predominance slopes between 12 - 25 % and 25 - 50 %. The
substrate consists of massive calcareous conglomerates, calcilutites and limestones. Main annual
precipitation are 507 to 763 mm. Soils are shallow, calcareous and stony, being most of them Inceptisols
(Typic Calciusteps, Typic Haploustepts) and Entisols (Typic Ustifluvents, Typic Udorthortents). In the
upper and moister part of the basin soil decarbonatation takes place. Forest use is predominant, going
from brook forest environments to subalpine and submediterranean vegetation. Agricultural uses include
mainly the growing of cereals, potatoes and pastures. One of the most important characteristics in this
basin are the significant soil use changes in the last 50 years, due to the abandonment of farms and
traditional crops.
Eight sites were studied, corresponding to soils under Quercus ilex, brook forest, Pinus sylvestris, pasture,
crops (cereal-potatoes) and Pinus uncinata. From 1997 until 2005, soil moisture, run-off, water flow and
interception were monitored. From 2004 on, drainage data has been recorded. Meteorological variables
were measured by means of a complete Lladurs meteorological station, belonging to XAC (Catalan
Agrometeorological Network).
The obtained results to three years show the predominance of ustic moisture regime (SSS, 2006), or xeric
during the driest years. The simulation models NSM "Newhall simulation model" (Newhall, 1976) and
JSM "Jarauta simulation model" (Jarauta 1989) were used to represent soil moisture and temperature
regimes. NSM estimates a higher level of soil moisture regimes than observed. On the contrary, JSM
simulates correctly soil moisture regimes, working better under intermediate soil moisture conditions.
Both models simulate correctly the soil temperature regimes, being mesic-thermic to thermic during the
driest years. At detailed scale (plot observation), soil depth, slope, stone amount and high soil porosity are
factors that affect the soil moisture regimes. Soil and climate information, implemented through a GIS,
allowed us to obtain soil moisture regime maps of the basin at a 1:50000 scale, which are very useful to
simulate soil moisture regimes in different scenarios of meteorological changes.
The TOPLATS model, when used to estimate soil moisture under different cover types, was calibrated
with Extend Kalman filter (EKF) equations derived through a minimization of the square difference
between the true and estimated model state (Goegebeur & Pauwels, 2007). This methodology interrelates
correctly rainfall, soil moisture, runoff and infiltration. Among them, the obtained soil moisture values
corresponded the best to observed data. The results show that it is a useful tool to estimate soil water
volume stored in basins at a point scale, ensuring a correct application of this hydrological model.
To model soil moisture behaviour and the different hydric balance components, the TOPLATS model
(Famiglietti & Wood, 1994) was used. TOPLATS model simulates correctly the soil moisture behaviour.
The differences between observed and simulated values are the following: soil moisture does not surpass
5%; the infiltration fluctuates between 4% to 15%; in evapotraspiration depends on the season being
between 1 mm in winter to 2.7 mm in summer, soil temperature values difference fluctuates between
0.01ºC and 3.5ºC.The calibrated model predicts precisely the behaviour of different hydric balance
components. The measured water drainage amount is 11-41 % of total rain.
The observed and simulated soil water storage in the basin (ΔSW), has negative values during the driest
months. Soil moisture recovery during the rest of the months is only partial. In the medium part of the
basin, occupied by submediterranean ecosystems, soil moisture values are closer to drought conditions
during some months of the year. In the highest part of the basin (subalpine ecosystems) there are
intermediate soil moisture conditions in dry periods. Most part of water outputs are due to
evapotranspiration, interception, infiltration and drainage, in decreasing order of importance. Run-off
values are very low.
Varenne, Benoît. "Transition épidémiologique et santé orale au Burkina Faso : disparités d'états de santé et de recours aux soins." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066082.
Full textPotard, Kevin. "Les émissions de composés organiques volatiles (COVs) des sols dans les paysages agricoles : identification des sources et incidences sur la qualité de l'air." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B058/document.
Full textVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are trace carbonaceous gases emitted in low concentrations from the continental and marine surfaces to the atmosphere. Highly reactive, these compounds are involved in atmospheric chemistry and are at the heart of many current environmental issues such as climate change related to greenhouse gases, air quality and feedback on the functioning of ecosystems. Terrestrial plant cover was previously identified as the main source of VOCs of biogenic origin. But recent studies suggest that soils could be major sources of VOCs. However, in agricultural anthropogenic landscapes, soils are subject to various and varied uses and management and are likely to modify qualitatively and quantitatively the patterns of VOC emissions. Paradoxically, agrosystem soils have been the subject of few inventories of their VOC emissions. The scarcity of knowledge on the contribution of agrosystems soils in VOC emissions motivated this work of thesis in which three objectives were pursued : i) inventory the spectra and quantify the VOCs fluxes emitted by soils in agricultural landscapes (ii) to determine the role of soil microorganisms in emissions and (iii) to identify the abiotic determinants controlling VOC emissions by soils. A first part of the work has consisted in analyzing the temporal dynamics of VOCs emissions in the field, in two observatory sites representative of the Britain agricultural landscape : the EFELE site (SOERE-PRO) comprising cultivated soils subjected to contrasting fertilization practices, and the Zone Atelier Armorique (ZAAr) including fertilized permanent meadows and wet meadows characterized by a low degree of anthropization. The second step of the work was conducted in the laboratory to clarify and complete the field observations, two series of laboratory experiments were conducted to manipulate, i) the soil organic carbon source via the input of different model molecules (ii) microbial communities by transplanting natural microbial communities into three distinct soils. This study has generated technical advances and produced entirely new results concerning both the characterization of spectra and the quantification of biogenic VOC fluxes emitted by soils. Thus, we show, in the laboratory and in the field, that a soil emits about forty masses of which only a few (1 to 4) are dominant. These VOC spectra are also specific to land uses (crop vs meadow) and fertilization practices. We also show that : i) there is a temporality of VOC emissions by soils ranging from 22 to 167 μg of VOCs per m−2 h−1, the winter period is the least emissive and ii) adds that some fertilization practices, such as pig slurry, induce a flux of methanol up to 10 times that observed by soils amended with methanised pig slurry. Regarding the role of soil microorganisms in VOCs production, we demonstrate that the VOCs spectrum is not representative of the phylogenetic diversity of the soil community but rather of the metabolic activity of active microorganisms. As for the exploration of abiotic determinants that can regulate emissions, our results suggest that the addition of organic molecules to the soil induces a rapid change in the VOC spectrum emitted by the soil, ranging from a few hours to a few days after intake. This modification is dependent on the degree of polymerization of the molecule provided. All research suggests that VOC emissions by soils are not negligible. Their key position in terms of issues requires to be of greater interest and to take them into account in future scenarios of global changes (climate and land uses), especially with regard to emerging practices of soil management in connection with the ecological transition initiated in agriculture. Similarly, the consideration of VOCs emissions in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and that of nitrogen to better understand the functioning of ecosystems is also discussed in this document
Dessureault, Maude. "Élaboration, acceptabilité et faisabilité d'un protocole d'interventions infirmières visant à faciliter la transition post-hospitalisation des aînés demeurant en résidences intermédiaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66579.
Full textIn Quebec, the aging of the population is leading to a significant increase in nursing needs, particularly in the community. Indeed, seniors living in the community and whose health status is fragile regularly see their care needs change, particularly because they spend many hours in hospital, which contributes to their functional decline. This is particularly true in the context of intermediate resources, where people living in them already deal with disabilities and complex health problems. Failure to provide the necessary nursing care can lead to a rapid deterioration in the senior's level of autonomy and health status, which compromises community maintenance and leads to an increase in the use of institutionalized long-term care housing. It is therefore imperative to facilitate, through the provision of appropriate nursing care, the delicate transition period experienced by seniors following hospitalization. Indeed, the presence of adapted transitional care significantly reduces hospital readmissions and emergency room visits, in addition to having a positive effect on the overall health status of seniors and their quality of life. The objectives of this research project were therefore to develop a nursing intervention protocol to facilitate the transition of seniors returning to intermediate resources after a hospital stay in Quebec, and to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the latter as part of a pilot project in a clinical setting. The definition of nursing care recommended for this research project is that proposed by the McGill model. This definition underlies the nurse's intervention, and involves mobilizing the strengths, resources and motivation of seniors and their families to improve their health or recovery through their ability to cope and develop, here in the context of the post-hospital transition. On the other hand, the theory of self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2017f), the mini-theory of basic psychological needs (Ryan & Deci, 2017a), the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness (Riegel, Jaarsma, & Strömberg, 2012) and the theory of uncertainty (Mishel, 1988, 1990) also provide a very significant theoretical perspective in this project. The intervention research method used is that of Sidani and Braden (2011). This method involves both a deductive approach, through the use of middle-range theories and the consultation of empirical data, and an inductive approach, through the collection of experiential data. In this three-phase project, a descriptive qualitative approach was used for the experiential data collected from eleven (n=11) senior participants and health professionals. A triangulation of experiential, empirical and theoretical data then provided an in-depth understanding of the transition experienced by seniors returning to intermediate resources following hospitalization, and a list of unmet care needs (Phase 1, Step 1). The experiential data collected were again used to identify possible interventions and then triangulated with theoretical and empirical data to design the nursing interventions needed to adequately address the identified needs (Phase 1, Step 2) and then theorize these interventions (Phase 1, Step 3). Phase 2 of the project then consisted of operationalizing the results obtained in Phase 1 into a written intervention protocol. Finally, in Phase 3, a pilot project was conducted with three seniors (n=3). These seniors were provided with the intervention protocol, and its acceptability and feasibility were then studied, as well as its immediate effects. The results obtained suggest the acceptability and feasibility of the protocol developed and illustrate positive effects related to supporting people's autonomy, improving their self-care capacities and reducing the uncertainty experienced during the transition. Finally, in addition to revealing precisely how nurses can intervene to facilitate this transition, explaining the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of proposed nursing interventions helps to illustrate why these interventions are beneficial to individuals and how they produce their effects, which is not currently available in the literature on nursing transitional care models.
Benitez, Maria Soledad. "Applied T-RFLP Analyses for the Identification and Characterization of Microbial Populations Associated With Damping-Off Incidence in a Transitional Organic Cropping System." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218471106.
Full textRégnier, Damien. "Modélisation physique et numérique de la dynamique d’un pergélisol au cours d’un cycle climatique : implications pour le site de Meuse - Haute-Marne." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S054.
Full textThis manuscript deals about works realized on the permafrost modelling in porous media and its impact on the hydrogeological circulations. These are parts of the Andra’s studies on the nuclear waste storage and, on the environmental studies of the Meuse/Haute-Marne (MHM) site. During a climatic cycle, cold periods can generate permafrost (ground with temperature lower than 0°C for 2 consecutive years). This periglacial structure propagates towards deep geological layers, and, due to its very low permeability, can stop the flow of water bodies like aquifers. This work presents the elaboration of two numerical models (with Cast3M code (CEA)): (i) a model with thermal conduction, used for the study of a cold wave propagation in porous media with phase transition (water-ice); (ii) a more complex model, managing the thermo-hydraulic coupling of ground phenomenon (conduction, convection and transition of phase). After validation, these two models offer three axes of development: (i) benchmark proposition by the study of two generic test-cases; (ii) study of the local air temperature signal on MHM site : importance of high frequency temperature variations (centennial scale) for permafrost depth and stability ; (iii) study of the dynamics of a thermal discontinuity in a typical hydrological system river-plain: closure time of the system by the permafrost according to various parameters (temperatures, geothermal flow, hydrological flow directions). These points are directly linked with the problems of the MHM site
Deshmukh, Ashish Pramod. "Sorption and sequestration of phenanthrene In polymethylenic plant biopolymers: proxies for soil and sedimentary rrganic matter." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1054564060.
Full textChammari, Ali. "Transfert gazeux dans les sols avec changement de phase. Application à quelques aspects de géotechnique environnementale." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20195.
Full textNikkanen, Hanna. "A wealth of soil : Social-ecological traps, economy and agency on Finnish farms." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194321.
Full textIngram, Julie Anne. "Agricultural advisers and the transition to sustainable soil management in England : an analysis of the role of knowledge and knowledge processes." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2004. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2071/.
Full textRandriamazaoro, Rado Nirina. "Modélisation numérique et analogique de l'érosion thermique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112139.
Full textIn periglacial regions, frozen river banks are affected by thermal and mechanical erosion. In Siberia, bank retreat of up to 25 m per year are observed. This thermal erosion occurs during a few weeks, at springtime, for high enough water temperatures and river discharges. Until now, models of thermal erosion are based on the assumption of a constant melting rate. We have developed a more general model at variable rate, whose solution is calculated with the integral method. Results of this model are compared with experiments, carried out in a cold room. A hydraulic channel allows measurements of the thermal erosion rate of a ground ice sample subjected to a turbulent water flow. Once validated, the model is applied to the periglacial river study case. The model has contributed to better understand the roles of each parameter during the thermal erosion process. High water temperature, discharge and ice temperature produce a tremendous thermal erosion process, whereas the ice content in the soil tends to slow down the thermal erosion process. The effects of water temperature are predominant. Results also show that an acceleration phase occurs at the beginning of the thermal erosion process. The duration of such acceleration phase is systematically studied. A relatively long acceleration phase is related to a low ablation rate. During the flood season, when the water temperature is increased up to 18°C, this acceleration phase lasts only a few minutes. However, for typical data of periglacial river when the water temperature is close to the melting point, the acceleration phase can last a few days
Wick, Barbara [Verfasser], Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Vlek, and H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Fölster. "Microbiological indicators for quality of soils at various stages of degradation in the forest-savanna-transition zone, south-western Nigeria / Barbara Wick. Gutachter: H. Fölster. Betreuer: Paul Vlek." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2002. http://d-nb.info/1043993266/34.
Full textAdolfsson, Niklas. "Appropriate technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa : the transition of cultivation techniques /." Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2000. http://www.bt.slu.se/lt_old/Meddelande/Me2000-02/Meddel.pdf.
Full textMorsa, Maxime. "Éducation thérapeutique au changement de rôles. Proposition d'un modèle pour favoriser la transition pédiatrie-soins adultes des jeunes vivant avec une maladie chronique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD059.
Full textTransition from pediatric to adult care concerns a growing number of young people living with chronic illness. Although patient education is recommended to promote this transition, one particular model has not generated consensus. In a literature review, we have shown that research focuses on organizational issues and / or deals mainly with transition in a biomedical perspective. The perceived experience of young people during this period has been little explored. We then conducted a qualitative study of young people with various chronic diseases to better understand their educational needs, using developmental psychology and an educational skills approach. The interviews with young people have brought out a series of new roles that they have to embody during the transition, involving learning that would benefit from being more supported by the health care system. Ideas for educational strategies that promote youth learning have also emerged. This study allowed us to propose a specific patient education model for transition. The feasibility and acceptability of this model proposal was then assessed through three focus groups of healthcare providers and two focus groups with parents of youth in transition. All these results led us to propose a model of patient education to the change of roles
Fiolleau, Sylvain. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation d'un glissement-coulée par une approche multi-méthodes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU025.
Full textGround movements affecting clay materials constitute a major risk to infrastructure and populations, with sudden episodes of reactivation that can lead to rapid movements (flow type). This thesis work is interested in understanding the different mechanisms of reactivation and deformation in a landslide of this type, by studying mass transfers in a material with a solid behavior at the top of the landslide and a fluid behavior at the toe. The study site is the Harmalière landslide (Trièves, French Alps), consisting of glaciolacustrine clays. Since the major event of March 1981 which took away 45 ha, this landslide has undergone numerous retrogression episodes with an average rate of 4 m/year at the headscarp and mass transfers of several million m3. The study was based on a multi-method approach, combining remote sensing (satellite images, LiDAR, GNSS, UAV), geophysical and mechanical techniques. In a first part, an analysis of the various recent events (from 2016) made it possible to describe and quantify the various mass transfers during reactivations. In a second part, a more detailed study of the reactivations at the head of the landslide was carried out. First, a study of the seismic background noise recorded continuously during the 4 months preceding the rupture of a clay blockat the headscarp was carried out. Five seismic parameters were monitored (cumulative number of events, seismic energy, resonance frequency, Rayleigh wave velocity variations and associated correlation coefficient). All these parameters showed a precursor signal prior to the rupture. Then, a preliminary study focuses on the evolution of the mechanical properties of a low mechanical strength layer close to the headscarp. In a third part, the degradation mechanisms of the material leading to flow type behavior were explored using a mechanical approach and UAV imaging. The mechanical approach allowed to study the evolution of the geotechnical properties of the clayey material in the landslide. UAV imaging was used to follow the evolution of the clay blocks at the head of the landslide and to quantify the degradation rate of the material
Osawa, Hikaru. "Seasonal transition of a hydrological regime in a reactivated landslide underlain by weakly consolidated sedimentary rocks in a heavy snow region." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232255.
Full textScotton, Juliana Cristina [UNESP]. "Manejo de transição para agricultura orgânica, sob cultivo de citros (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), favorece a diversidade de fungos no solo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139473.
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A transformação da produção agrícola atual de forma sustentável e produtiva se caracteriza como um dos maiores desafios da atualidade. A transição de manejos convencionais para aqueles mais sustentáveis é uma alternativa de transformação, na qual as plantas se tornam mais dependentes das interações microbianas, constituindo-se um fator chave no controle da produtividade e da qualidade nos ecossistemas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do manejo de transição, da agricultura convencional para a agricultura orgânica, sobre a diversidade de fungos do solo, em cultivo de citros. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental de citros na Fazendo Santo Antonio do Lageado em Mogi Guaçu-SP. O delineamento utilizado foi em faixas contemplando dois tratamentos, manejo convencional (MC) e manejo de transição (MT) com quatro anos de implantação, avaliados no período seco e úmido, sob os parâmetros de número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC), riqueza e diversidade dos principais grupos de fungos, parâmetros micorrízicos e físico-químicos do solo. Os dados individuais foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste t. A associação das variáveis microbiológicas e físico-químicas do solo foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, sendo ambos os testes a 5% de probabilidade. Além disso, foi utilizada a análise de componentes principais para interpretação geral dos dados. As contagens de UFC não apresentaram diferenças entre tratamentos nos períodos avaliados, no entanto o MT demonstrou maior riqueza e diversidade de grupos fúngicos no solo em ambos os períodos. Foram identificados 11 táxons distintos, dentre eles Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Metarhizium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Phialophora spp., Neurospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Dematiáceos, Leveduras e Mucoromycotina. A frequência fúngica demonstrou predominância de Paecilomyces spp. para o MC, com 45% de isolados deste gênero, enquanto a distribuição do MT se mostrou mais equilibrada em termos de gêneros. Nos parâmetros micorrízicos, houve maior esporulação no MT para o período seco. As correlações de Pearson indicaram que enxofre (S), alumínio (Al), capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC), temperatura e textura foram os parâmetros que mais apresentaram associações com os fungos avaliados. A análise de componentes principais, revelou distinção entre os tratamentos e períodos. Perante os resultados obtidos sugere-se que a maior diversidade no MT expressa maior estabilidade e eficiência na utilização de recursos disponíveis, além de ser mais eficiente na propagação de fungos micorrízicos, por meio de esporos.
The productive and sustainable changing of the current agricultural production is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The transition from conventional agriculture to sustainable models is an alternative, which plants become more dependent for microbial interactions. That is a key factor for agricultural yield and quality in the ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of transition management, from conventional agriculture to organic farming, on the soil fungal diversity in citrus cultivation. This experiment was performed in a citrus orchard settled at the Santo Antonio do Lageado farm, in Mogi Guaçu-SP. The design was in strip with two treatments, conventional management (CM) and transition management (TM). This assay has been conducted for four years and the present data refers to one year, assessed at the dry and wet season. The amount of colony forming units (CFU), richness and diversity of the major groups of fungi, mycorrhizal and physico-chemical parameters of the soil were applied. The individual data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by t test. The correlation of the soil microbiological and the physico-chemical attributes were tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient, all of them under probability of 5%. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in order to get a general overview of the data. The count UFC data showed no difference between treatments in the evaluated periods. However, the TM showed greater richness and diversity of the soil fungi groups at the both periods. We identified 11 distinct fungal taxa, including Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Metarhizium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Phialophora spp., Neurospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Dematiaceous, Yeasts and Mucoromycotina. The fungal frequency showed predominance of the Paecilomyces spp. in the MC, with 45% among the all isolated genera. In the TM the Paecilomyces spp. showed more balanced amount in terms of genera. There was a higher mycorrhizal sporulation in the TM at the dry season. The Pearson's correlations indicated that the sulfur (S), aluminum (Al), capacity of cation exchange (CEC), temperature and texture, were those that most correlated with the fungi of this study. The principal component analysis revealed distinction between treatments and season. By these results we suggest that higher diversity of fungal groups in the TM point out higher stability and efficient use of the available resources. In addition, the TM showed more efficient propagation of mycorrhizal fungi, considering it higher amount of spores.
Choi, Yunsoo. "Spring to summer transitions of ozone and its precursors over North America and photochemistry over Antarctica." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06262007-144619/.
Full textCunnold, Derek, Committee Member ; Nenes, Athanasios, Committee Member ; Black, Robert, Committee Member ; Russell, Armistead (Ted), Committee Member ; Wang, Yuhang, Committee Chair.
Forand, Guy. "Analyse et intégration des données de sols et de rendements de maïs grain et de soya provenant d'une ferme en transition vers l'agriculture de précision." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0011/MQ56744.pdf.
Full textHébert, Johanne. "Développement et pré-test d'un plan de soins de suivi pour des femmes atteintes du cancer de l'endomètre avec traitements adjuvants lors de la transition de la fin du traitement actif vers la survie au cancer." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27155.
Full textThe end of active treatment and the beginning of survivorship correspond to a period of transition which presents many challenges for cancer survivors, caregivers and the health care system. The cancer survivorship phase (that follows primary treatment) is a distinct phase but overlooked in the continuum of care. To facilitate the transition from the end of active treatment to survivorship and optimize the coordination of follow-up care, the implementation of a survivorship care plan is proposed. The purpose of this research is to develop, implement and evaluate whether a survivorship care plan (SCP) meets global needs, reduce emotional distress (fear of cancer recurrence) and promote the empowerment of women with endometrial cancer during the transition from the end of active treatment to survivorship. The research consists of two distinct phases. The first phase was to develop a survivorship care plan (SCP) for women with endometrial cancer and adjuvant treatments. The content of the SCP was selected from the literature review and data collected during interviews with 19 women with endometrial cancer, 24 health professionals working with this population and four managers dedicated to oncology. This first phase included the validation of the SCP by ten health professionals involved in the study. The second phase was to evaluate the feasibility, the acceptability of the SCP and pre-test its use to meet global needs, reduce emotional distress (fear of recurrence) and promote empowerment for 18 women with endometrial cancer and adjuvant treatments at the end of the active treatment towards survivorship. In terms of feasibility, the results suggest that the implementation of the SCP has challenges in terms of time, resources and coordination for the oncology nurse navigators. Regarding the acceptability of the SCP, the women perceived it as a tool with useful information that facilitates communication with the family doctor or other health professionals. The nurse navigators support its value added at the end of treatment and acknowledge that the discussion involved with the SCP highlights essential elements of monitoring and follow-up to take into account in survivorship and allows the emphasis on health self-management. For family doctors, the SCP is a tool with information for survivors that promotes reassurance, communication and continuity of care between health professionals. Finally, with regard to the usefulness of the SCP to meet global needs, the results suggest that all the needs are more satisfied at three-month follow-up for the group receiving the SCP. Although the fear of cancer recurrence decreases at the three-month follow-up for the group with SCP, 55% of women maintained a clinically significant score of 13 on severity subscale of fear of cancer recurrence at the end of treatment and 42% at three-month follow-up. Health self-management behaviors (empowerment) improved between the end of treatment and the three-month follow-up for the group receiving a SCP. Considering these results, the approach supports the relevance of implementing a survivorship care plan at the end of active treatment for women with endometrial cancer to fulfill information needs, promote communication and continuity of care with health care professionals and promote health self-management behaviors in survivorship. However, constraints of time, resources and coordination must be taken into account for its implementation in the clinical community. Keywords: Transition, end of active treatment, needs, cancer survivorship, survivorship care plan.
Le, Bray Yves. "Contributions à l'étude du changement de phase liquide-vapeur en milieux poreux : simulations numériques sur réseaux de pores." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT025H.
Full textBésuelle, Pierre. "Deformation et rupture dans les roches tendres et les sols indures : comportement homogene et localisation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10079.
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