Journal articles: 'Transition to motherhood at risk'

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Antonia-Aglaia Grylli and Antigoni Sarantaki. "Transition to motherhood after egg donation and natural conception." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0124.

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Childbearing, has been recognized in the literature as a major life event that can invoke many challenges for the woman and her family. Motherhood, either by natural conception (NC) or by egg donation (ED), entails risks as mothers’ psychological health is at high risk, during this crucial period. This systematic review was written with an eye to understand and explore the experience of motherhood between mothers lacking & not, a genetic bond to their embryo. This systematic review was conducted, from June 2021 till November 2021. It encompasses researches with English as a written language, published during the period 2001-2021 and deposited in the UK. Online databases like PubMed & Research Gate were used as a found and the selection criteria were, researches analyzing family building with oocyte donation or surrogacy in heterosexual couples. Adaption and embryo donation were inserted in the exclusion criteria. Ten studies were finally selected and fulfill all inclusion & exclusion criteria of this systematic review. In each age group of children, differences, but also, similarities occurred between ED and NC mothers. Differences were referred mainly to mothers’ psychological adjustment and mother-child interactions. After collating the final 10 studies, it was deduced that the experience of motherhood is almost close for each type of mother (ED or NC-IVF), with ED mothers, usually, face some extra thoughts and feelings towards the child and motherhood in general. Further research is suggested on mothers’ experiences and attitudes after ED, as for now, researches are limited.

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Huda, M. Mamun, Jocelyn E. Finlay, Martin O’Flaherty, and Abdullah Al Mamun. "Transition in social risk factors and adolescent motherhood in low- income and middle- income countries: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey data, 1996–2018." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): e0000170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000170.

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Understanding the dynamics of social risk factors in the occurrence of adolescent motherhood is vital in designing more appropriate prevention initiatives in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed this study to examine the transition of social risk factors and their association with adolescent motherhood in LMICs since the initiation of the MDGs. We analysed 119967 adolescent girls (15–19 years) from 40-nationally representative Demographic Health Surveys in 20 LMICs that had at least two surveys: a survey in 1996-2003(baseline, near MDGs started) and another in 2014-2018(endline). Adolescent motherhood (having a live birth or being pregnant before age 20) was the outcome of interest, whereas social risk factors including household wealth, girls’ level of education, and area of residence were the exposures. The association between adolescent motherhood and the social risk factors, as well as changes in the strength of the association over time were observed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. On an average, the proportion of adolescent mothers without education decreased by -15·61% (95% CI: -16·84, -14·38), whereas the poorest adolescent mother increased by 5·87% (95% CI: 4·74, 7·00). The national prevalence of adolescent motherhood remained unchanged or increased in 55·00% (11/20) of the studied countries. Comparing baseline to endline, the overall adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of adolescent motherhood increased for both poorest (AOR = 1·42, 95% CI: 1·28, 1·59) and rural residences (AOR = 1·09, 95% CI: 1·01, 1·17), and decreased, but not statistically significant for the low level of education (AOR = 0·92, 95% CI: 0·84, 1·01 for no education). Our study concludes that social risk factors of the adolescent mother had shifted in different directions during MDGs and SDGs eras, and adolescent mothers remained more disadvantaged than non-mothers in LMICs. Efforts need to be enhanced to improve adolescent girls’ education. Intervention should be prioritised in disadvantaged communities to delay adolescent first birth and prevent adolescent motherhood in LMICs.

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Volkmer Pontes, Vívian, Juliana Almeida Santos, and Maria Virginia Dazzani. "Affective-Semiotic Dynamics of the Transition to Motherhood in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Perspectives in Psychology 10, no. 3 (July 2021): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000026.

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Abstract. The transition to motherhood is an important moment in the life course, in which symbolic interactive dynamics are established between self, other, and world to overcome developmental challenges. However, these challenges are intensified with the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a radical and unexpected rupture in daily life. This article aims to analyze the affective-semiotic dynamics of Brazilian women who experienced the transition to motherhood during the COVID-19 pandemic from a qualitative multiple case study. Eight women participated in the study in the city of Salvador. Data were collected from two narrative interviews with each participant conducted through videoconference, with a 2-month interval between interviews. The main finding reveals that the emergence of the pandemic was described by the participants as an unexpected and significant rupture in the transition to motherhood that raised feelings of fear and anxiety. In addition, I–other relations were marked by intense ambivalence between the need for social support and the risk of contagion, and the perspective and experience of childbirth were marked by a feeling of insecurity in the relations with the health personnel and settings. In light of Semiotic Cultural Psychology, three interdependent affective-semiotic fields were highlighted from the narratives: the perception of oneself regulated by the sign of vulnerability, the other regulated by the sign of a potential threat, and healthcare provision regulated by the sign of risk. These findings highlight the importance of quality healthcare that helps women to reduce the disruptive impact of the pandemic on the ontogenetic structure of psychological organization.

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Preisner, Klaus, Franz Neuberger, Ariane Bertogg, and Julia M. Schaub. "Closing the Happiness Gap: The Decline of Gendered Parenthood Norms and the Increase in Parental Life Satisfaction." Gender & Society 34, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243219869365.

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In recent decades, normative expectations for parenthood have changed for both men and women, fertility has declined, and work–family arrangements have become more egalitarian. Previous studies indicate that the transition to parenthood and work–family arrangements both influence life satisfaction and do so differently for men and women. Drawing on constructivism and utility maximization, we theorize how gendered parenthood norms influence life satisfaction after the transition to parenthood, and how decisions regarding motherhood and fatherhood are made in order to maximize life satisfaction. We hypothesize that the rise of gender-egalitarian patterns has contributed to closing the parental happiness gap, and that the effects of motherhood and fatherhood on life satisfaction have converged. We test these assumptions by drawing on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1984-2015) and applying a series of hybrid panel regressions to estimate motherhood and fatherhood effects on life satisfaction in Western Germany over the last three decades. We then trace trends in these effects back to changing parenthood norms. The results indicate that the implications of parenthood have converged for men and women. As support for a gendered division of labor has lost ground, the transition to parenthood has become increasingly conducive to life satisfaction for both genders, and the parental happiness gap has vanished.

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López Orellana, Paulina. "Increase in Preterm Birth during Demographic Transition in Chile from 1991 to 2012." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/845968.

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Introduction. Universally mothers at 35 years or more have had higher maternal and perinatal risks. This study analyzed the trend of this group in maternal population and determined their risk of having premature children, during the demographic transition period in Chile.Materials and Methods. Epidemiological study conducted in the population of simple live births registered in the Chilean National Database Births of 1991–2012. Analyses were performed in three categories of maternal age: 35 or more, under 35, and 20 to 29 years. The risk of prematurity was measured by crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio from logistic regression model.Results. Mothers aged 35 and older increased in population from 10.6% in 1991 to 16.7% in 2012 and presented an overall prevalence of preterm delivery of 6.7%, higher prevalence than 20–29 age group (4.7%). In aging mothers, the Odds Ratio for preterm birth adjusted for education, marital status, and parity was 1.68 (95% CI (1.66–1.70)) compared to mothers aged 20–29. All differences were significant (p<0.001).Conclusions. During Chilean demographic transition, mothers aged 35 or older increased steadily and significantly maintaining higher risks of preterm births. Policies to prevent and monitor the late motherhood could contribute to stopping the current trend.

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Grunberg, Victoria A., Pamela A. Geller, Kelley Durham, Alexa Bonacquisti, and Jennifer L. Barkin. "Motherhood and Me (Mom-Me): The Development of an Acceptance-Based Group for Women with Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Symptoms." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 2345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092345.

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Untreated postpartum mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) place women and their families at risk for negative biopsychosocial sequelae. Innovative and tailored treatments are needed to address potential disruptions in maternal functioning. Third-wave cognitive–behavioral approaches, including acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), hold promise for optimizing functioning given the focus on values-based living, rather than symptom reduction. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of an innovative psychotherapy group for women with symptoms of PMADs. Methods: This seven-session group, Motherhood and Me (Mom-Me), includes selected skills training from ACT, DBT, and Emotion-Centered Problem-Solving Therapy. Results: Mom-Me group sessions are described, and an outline of key information (session goals, content, and homework assignments) is provided to facilitate practical implementation. Conclusion: In line with third-wave approaches, this group was developed to enhance maternal functioning, which, in turn, may help women cope with psychological distress during the transition to motherhood.

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Beattie, Irenee R. "Tracking Women’s Transitions to Adulthood." Youth & Society 49, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x14527467.

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Theories suggest curricular tracking is linked to racial/ethnic inequality. However, prior studies largely examine cognitive outcomes like standardized test scores and neglect behavioral outcomes. They also overlook potential racial/ethnic differences within curricular tracks. This study asks the following questions: (a) Is curricular tracking associated with young women’s social and behavioral outcomes during the transition to adulthood (dropping out of high school, teen motherhood, and poverty)? and (b) Are there racial/ethnic differences in these associations? Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data and logistic regression, results show that all women reduce risks of negative outcomes in the college and vocational tracks compared with the general track. However, college track coursework buffers White women from dropping out and teen motherhood (but not poverty) significantly more than it does Black and Latina women. Thus, racial gaps are greatest within the college track rather than lower tracks, suggesting that the college track may be a site for opportunity hoarding among Whites.

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David, Sabina A., Agnes Van Dyk, and Daniel Opotamutale Ashipala. "Experiences of young adolescent mothers regarding adolescent motherhood in Oshana region." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 12 (July 18, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n12p39.

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Background and objective: Adolescence is generally understood as a period of growing to maturity, transition from childhood to adulthood with physical and mental maturity. Nowadays girls enter puberty as young as 9 years which pose a health risk to adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of adolescent mothers as regards motherhood in Oshana region.Methods: A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was conducted among adolescent mothers in Oshana Region of Namibia regards their experiences on adolescent motherhood. Thematic analysis following Tesch’s analysis process was employed.Results: The findings of this study revealed that having a baby at a younger age have a negative effect on their future plans. It is an unfortunate fact that emerged from the study that many adolescent mothers lack the required form of support or social assistance both during pregnancy and in raising their children in the economically driven world of today. It is an unfortunate fact that emerged from the study that many adolescent mothers lack the required form of support or social assistance both during pregnancy and in raising their children in the economically driven world of today. It appeared that having a child gives an added impetus to their lives; and they felt that every decision or step they made would impact their babies’ lives in one way or another.Conclusions: It appeared that having a child gives an added impetus to their lives; and they felt that every decision or step they made would impact their babies’ lives in one way or another. They experienced distorted inter-personal relationships with families and friends related to motherhood as well as challenges on bringing up a baby and baby care. However adolescent mothers also had future ambitions on education, support, relationships and job attainment.

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Miller-Graff, Laura E., Amy K. Nuttall, and Jennifer E. B. Lefever. "Interpersonal violence during pregnancy: Enduring effects in the post-partum period and implications for the intergenerational transmission of risk." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 3 (June 12, 2018): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418780358.

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Women are at greater risk of exposure to interpersonal violence during pregnancy. The influence prenatal violence has on children’s behavioral adjustment is generally understood to stem from its impact on mothers, but there is a dearth of prospective research to test these models. The current study evaluated the influence of interpersonal violence during pregnancy on children’s behavioral adjustment in toddlerhood through the mother’s mental health and parenting in infancy. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study on the transition to motherhood ( N = 682). Mothers reported on their experiences of violence during pregnancy, depression at 6 months, and their children’s behavior at 24 months. Warm, responsive behavior was coded at 8 months. Prenatal experiences of violence predicted toddlers’ aggression/defiance toward mothers through maternal depressive symptoms and parenting in infancy. There were no effects on the toddlers’ aggression toward their peers. Interpersonal violence in pregnancy was linked to aggression/defiance toward mothers in early childhood via cascading negative effects on maternal depressive symptoms and parenting.

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Kornetov, N. A. "POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION – THE CENTRAL PROBLEM OF MENTAL HEALTH OF EARLY MOTHERHOOD." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 14, no. 6 (December 28, 2015): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2015-6-5-24.

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Perinatal mental health of the mother occupies a central position in healthcare, the same as caring for a newborn baby. Maternal depression is the lead pathology of postpartum period. Despite the high prevalence and importance to the overall development of children, most cases of depression are unappreciated, unrecognized and untreated. Inattention to issues which are related to physical and mental health of women, leads to severe negative social and economic consequences for society. Statistical comparison of the total number of pregnant women, the number of births in the United States in 2007, excluding cases of fetal loss, including still-births and miscarriages with similar Russian data allowed to calculate the approximate prevalence of postpartum depression in the same period. Presumable probability of postpartum depression is 15% in different regions of the world, and the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV for postpartum depression are representative for comparison. Considering these assumptions, according to 2007 each year about 260,000 out of 1 mln. 600,000 of Russian women in childbirth may suffer from post-natal depression. The results have a probabilistic character. For the mothers the consequences of unrecognized and untreated depression after childbirth are the most frequent. It should be seen as a depressive episode or recurrent depressive disorder which has a singular coloring due to the appearance in the peak period of reproductive age of women. Postpartum depression may increase the possibility of occurrence of relapse of a depressive disorder as well as the transition to a state of chronic depression. Alcoholism or drug use is a common complication of depression; the risk of suicide increases, especially during the time of reducing the severity of the most severe symptoms of depression, though it is below the prevalence of suicide among the population. Particular attention should be paid to such symptoms as instability in mood and irritability as during the postpartum depression and in its residual period. They can cause child abuse. This paper also presents current data on the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors for postpartum depression, its clinical manifestations, the influence of untreated maternal depression on child development, therapy and educational modules to spread multidisciplinary and inter-agency approach in perinatal mental health problems.

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Glynn, Laura M., Mariann A. Howland, and Molly Fox. "Maternal programming: Application of a developmental psychopathology perspective." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 3 (August 2018): 905–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000524.

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AbstractThe fetal phase of life has long been recognized as a sensitive period of development. Here we posit that pregnancy represents a simultaneous sensitive period for the adult female with broad and persisting consequences for her health and development, including risk for psychopathology. In this review, we examine the transition to motherhood through the lens of developmental psychopathology. Specifically, we summarize the typical and atypical changes in brain and behavior that characterize the perinatal period. We highlight how the exceptional neuroplasticity exhibited by women during this life phase may account for increased vulnerability for psychopathology. Further, we discuss several modes of signaling that are available to the fetus to affect maternal phenotypes (hormones, motor activity, and gene transfer) and also illustrate how evolutionary perspectives can help explain how and why fetal functions may contribute to maternal psychopathology. The developmental psychopathology perspective has spurred advances in understanding risk and resilience for mental health in many domains. As such, it is surprising that this major epoch in the female life span has yet to benefit fully from similar applications.

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Moore, Sarah. "Risk rituals and the female life-course: negotiating uncertainty in the transitions to womanhood and motherhood." Health, Risk & Society 22, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2019.1676403.

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Tambelli, Renata, Giulia Ballarotto, Carmen Trumello, and Alessandra Babore. "Transition to Motherhood: A Study on the Association between Somatic Symptoms during Pregnancy and Post-Partum Anxiety and Depression Symptoms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 12861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912861.

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Several authors found that somatic symptoms during pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, and levels of sleep, and fear of childbirth were associated with women’s post-partum psychopathological difficulties. The present study aimed to verify whether fear of childbirth can mediate the relationship between some somatic symptoms experienced during pregnancy (i.e., nausea, vomiting, and daily sleep duration) and the post-partum depressive and anxious symptoms. N = 258 mothers of children between 3 and 6 months of age filled out self-report questionnaires assessing somatic symptoms during pregnancy, fear of childbirth, and anxious and depressive symptoms during post-partum. Results showed that levels of vomiting during pregnancy (but not nausea and daily sleep duration) was associated with post-partum depression and anxiety. Furthermore, findings showed that fear of childbirth partially mediated the relationships between the levels of vomiting during pregnancy and post-partum state anxiety and depression. These results can have several clinical implications, allowing to implement preventive programs for post-partum depression, considering vomiting and fear of childbirth as important risk factors.

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Saldaña-Tejeda, Abril. "Experiences of Young Motherhood and Youth in Mexico: Medical Discourses and the Definition of Women as ‘Too Young to Care’." Population Horizons 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2015): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pophzn-2015-0005.

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AbstractIn Mexico, as in many other countries, ‘early’ motherhood is defined as a social problem and in some cases as a social epidemic. Looking at the experiences of young mothers and using health promotion materials and policy documents from youth pregnancy prevention programmes, this article explores discourses around youth and sexuality in Mexico. It argues that discourses that define young mothers and fathers as a social problem are closely linked to those that understand youth as a transition, where certain social rituals are expected to mark the entrance into adulthood. The article suggests that pregnancy prevention programmes reproduce chronological expectations regarding women’s reproductive experiences and gendered stereotypes of youth sexuality and parenting experiences. The article looks into the bio-power mechanisms that are displayed to normalize youth sexual behavior at the expense of pathologizing young mothers and fathers. Discourses that define youth sexuality as an individual and as a social risk tend to compromise the provision of effective contraceptive information that would ultimately aid in the prevention of unwanted pregnancies.

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Chemutai, Violet, Julius Nteziyaremye, and Gabriel Julius Wandabwa. "Lived Experiences of Adolescent Mothers Attending Mbale Regional Referral Hospital: A Phenomenological Study." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2020 (November 23, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8897709.

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Background. Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood, and is a critical stage in ones’ development. It is characterized by immense opportunities and risks. By 2016, 16% of the world’s population was of adolescents, with 82% residing in developing countries. About 12 million births were in 15–19 year olds. Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly East Africa, has high adolescent pregnancy rates, as high as 35.8% in eastern Uganda. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) attributable to 15–19 years olds is significant with 17.1% of Uganda’s MMR 336/100.000 live births being in this age group. Whereas research is awash with contributing factors to such pregnancies, little is known about lived experiences during early motherhood. This study reports the lived experiences of adolescent mothers attending Mbale Hospital. Materials and Methods. A phenomenological study design was used in which adolescent mothers that were attending Young Child Clinic were identified from the register and simple random sampling was used to select participants. We called these mothers by way of phone numbers and asked them to come for focus group discussions that were limited to 9 mothers per group and lasting about 45 minutes–1 hour. Ethical approval was sought and informed written consent obtained from participants. At every focus group discussion, the data which had largely been taken in local languages was transcribed and translated verbatim into English. Results. The research revealed that adolescent mothers go through hard times especially with the changes of pregnancy and fear of unknown during intrapartum and immediate postpartum period and are largely treated negatively by family and other community members in addition to experiencing extreme hardships during parenting. However, these early mothers’ stress is alleviated by the joy of seeing their own babies. Conclusion. Adolescent motherhood presents a high risk group and efforts to support them during antenatal care with special adolescent ANC clinics and continuous counseling together with their household should be emphasized to optimize outcome not only during pregnancy but also thereafter. Involving these mothers in technical courses to equip them with skills that can foster self-employment and providing support to enable them pursue further education should be explored.

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Hamada, Mayumi. "Development of "information provision support program on breastfeeding" built from experience." Impact 2021, no. 5 (June 7, 2021): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.5.62.

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Breastfeeding can prove challenging for new mothers and, unfortunately, many women are not well informed about the difficulties they may experience, which means that they may not be adequately prepared to deal with them. In addition, the portrayal of breastfeeding as highly beneficial and a beautiful experience can make new mothers feel pressured and lead to frustration and disappointment if things don't go smoothly. Dr Mayumi Hamada, Department of Maternity Nursing, The Jikei University School of Nursing, Japan, is passionate about supporting women as they make their transition into motherhood. In 2018, it was reported that suicide is the most common cause of maternal death in Japan, and a key focus for Hamada is on breastfeeding and the struggles women may have with it as a factor in suicide risk. In her current work she is building on a previous analysis that looked at how breastfeeding is talked about with mothers who generally followed the normal breastfeeding period. This previous research highlighted a need for healthcare professionals to address breastfeeding uncertainties and develop support. Therefore, Hamada will work with women to elucidate the challenges and feelings they experience from birth to weaning and the researchers will use their findings to work with midwives to improve the information and support women receive before giving birth.

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Pillai, Vijayan K. "The Postwar Rise and Decline of American Fertility: the Pace of Transition To Motherhood Among 1950-1969 Marital Cohorts of White Women." Journal of Family History 12, no. 1-3 (March 1987): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319908701200123.

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Pillai, Vijayan K. "The Postwar Rise and Decline of American Fertility: The Pace of Transition to Motherhood Among 1950–1969 Marital Cohorts of White Women." Journal of Family History 12, no. 4 (October 1987): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319908701200405.

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This study supports the theoretical argument that historical experiences of the marital cohorts, and the changes in the social and demographic composition of the cohorts, determine the pace of childbearing among white American women married during 1950–1969. During the period 1965–1969 environmental factors supported a delay in the birth of the first child among working women. This may be the result of socioenvironmental responses to the threshold proportion of working women in the 1965–1969 cohort In the past, compositional changes, such as an increase in the proportion of working women, have resulted from structural changes absorbing women into the labor market. These trends might have brought about attitudinal and environmental changes during these years enabling many women to become more work committed Thus, both structural and environmental changes now support delayed childbearing.

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Di Bella, Zsuzsanna Ilona Katalin de Jármy, Ana Maria Homem de Mello Bianchi, Fabio Fernando de Araujo, Marair Gracio Ferreira Sartori, and Manoel João Batista Castello Girão. "Contraception and family planning at the extreme of reproductive life – climacteric." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 62, no. 5 (August 2016): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.05.454.

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SUMMARY Menopause is an endocrine phenomenon characterized by gradual estrogen decline. This is a stage in a woman's life in which contraception is extremely important as the risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth increase, both maternal issues associated with higher incidence of comorbidities and issues related to fetal abnormalities, mitochondrial abnormalities, or genetic syndromes. On the other hand, there is a growing number of women who have postponed motherhood and need effective contraception, but without prolonging the return to fertility. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), low-dose oral hormonal contraceptives and non-oral contraceptives are preferred. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is a very good alternative that can maintain endometrial protection after menopause. Definitive methods such as tubal ligation and vasectomy are options for couples that already have their offspring. In this review, we present evidence for contraceptive indication and the effects of hormonal methods on climacteric including options for contraception, control of bleeding during perimenopause and of climacteric symptoms, as well as the transition from such methods to hormone therapy if indicated.

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Chivers, Bonnie R., Rhonda M. Garad, Lisa J. Moran, Siew Lim, and Cheryce L. Harrison. "Support Seeking in the Postpartum Period: Content Analysis of Posts in Web-Based Parenting Discussion Groups." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e26600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26600.

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Background The transition from pregnancy to motherhood is a major developmental phase that can be challenging for both women and their families. For new mothers, the postpartum period is recognized as a critical period for increased risk of both physical and mental health concerns. For this reason, it is imperative that women receive accurate, evidence-based information during this time. Objective This study aims to explore the conversations of new mothers on a web-based parenting forum to investigate what topics or concerns are being discussed. Methods A leading Australian web-based support forum for women before and after birth was used to obtain a sample of posts from the mothers of infants aged 0-12 months. Quantitative data (word frequencies and sentiment analysis) and qualitative data (post content) were extracted from discussion threads and examined to determine sentiments and theoretical storylines. Results In total, 260 posts were sampled. Infant care was the most prominent overarching topic discussed, with feeding and sleep being the most discussed subtopics. Discussions about maternal care were much less frequent but included questions about birth recovery, breastfeeding concerns, and interconception. A pattern of behavior emerged within the posts. This pattern resembled a cycle of learning across five phases: help seeking, solution ideation, testing and skill development, consolidation, and empowerment and improved mental well-being. A dynamic interplay was observed as mothers navigated new concerns or developmental changes. Conclusions Engagement in web-based forums to seek help and support during the postpartum period was common, with infant health and well-being being the primary concerns for new mothers during this time. The identification of a maternal learning cycle within the forum underscores the contributory role of web-based communities in maternal peer social support, information seeking, and early parenting practices.

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Mannocci, Alice, Sara Ciavardini, Federica Mattioli, Azzurra Massimi, Valeria D’Egidio, Lorenza Lia, Franca Scaglietta, et al. "HAPPY MAMA Project (Part 2)—Maternal Distress and Self-Efficacy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Field Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031461.

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Introduction: The aim of the pilot randomized controlled field trial is to assess if a midwifery intervention is able to increase the maternal self-efficacy and reduce the stress level during the first six months after birth. Methods: The study was conducted in two different hospitals in Rome, Italy, involving women delivering at or beyond term, aged >18 years old and with normal APGAR scores of the infant. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: “Individual Intervention Group” (they received home midwifery assistance for one month after birth, I) and the “Control Group” (C). A self-administered questionnaire was administered four times: at the baseline about one week after the hospital delivery (T0), after the intervention about one month after the delivery (T1), and at three months (T2) and at six months after birth (T3). The questionnaire included different validated scales needed to assess maternal perceived self-efficacy (KPCS), parental stress scale stress (PSS) and maternal depressive risk symptoms (EPDS). Results: The study population counted 51 mothers: 28 women in the “C” group and 23 women in the “I” group. The PSS score was statistically higher in the “C” than “I” group at T1 (p = 0.024); whereas the KPCS score was statistically higher in the “I” (p = 0.039) group; EPDS score did not show significant difference between the two groups in the follow-up period. An inverse significant correlation between KPCS and PSS was found during the study window time (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These results potentially give the opportunity to explore this area of focus further, in order to better address maternal individual needs for the successful transition to motherhood. More research in this area is required.

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Nelson, Antonia M. "Transition to Motherhood." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 32, no. 4 (July 2003): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884217503255199.

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Della Vedova, Anna Maria. "La comunicazione gestante-feto." IKON, no. 53 (February 2009): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ikr2006-053002.

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- The prenatal origin of the parent-child relationship was proposed in the past century by authors from a psychoanalytical domain affirming the relevance of the parent's affective investment in the unborn baby. Extensive literature focused on psychological processes involved in transition to motherhood like adaptation to pregnancy, maternal role attainment, maternal identity forming and maternal representation of the unborn baby. During pregnancy the woman gradually becomes aware of the foetus as an individual being, increasingly recognizing the separate person. In the last twenty years literature has brought evidence to organized foetal sensory-motor behaviour, auditive competence and foetal learning capability as from the fifth month of gestation. These foetal abilities in turn contribute to the increasing maternal awareness of the foetus which seems to be crucial in establishing the mother's attachment to her unborn baby. Mothers often report interaction with their unborn babies by talking or caressing the baby in the tummy. This early communication is supposed to have an influence on the development of the baby's mind. In the uterus it is particularly easy for the fetus to catch the sonorous or tactile maternal stimulus and consequently the growing nervous system and the developing cortical areas may receive a specific stimulation. Moreover the emotional communication between the mother and foetus has been explored. Animal experimentation and human observational studies have pointed out a relationship between maternal depression or anxiety and the impairment of the fetal nervous system due to the exposition to maternal cortisol. Presence of anxious and depressive symptoms in pregnancy is common and is related to premature birth risk, obstetrical complications, lack in the mother's prenatal care of herself and her baby and persists in a high number of cases in post partum depression. Based on this evidence the consideration of the foetus as a sensible, communicative and vulnerable person becomes very important as well as the promotion of pre and perinatal maternal mental health must be a priority.

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Thompson, Anne. "Safe motherhood at risk?" Midwifery 12, no. 4 (December 1996): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-6138(96)80002-7.

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Hwang, Woon Young, Sun Yeob Choi, and Hae Jeong An. "Concept analysis of transition to motherhood: a methodological study." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 28, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2022.01.04.

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Purpose: Although the term “transition to motherhood” is commonly used in research, the concept is not clear. This study, hence, was conducted to clarify the concept of “transition to motherhood.”Methods: The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant is used to analyze the concept of transition to motherhood.Results: Transition to motherhood is defined as the physical, psychological, social, and relational (mother-baby relationship/interpersonal relationship) changes that happen to a woman after pregnancy and delivery of a baby. The attributes of the transition to motherhood include: 1) adapting to physical changes after pregnancy and childbirth; 2) experiencing various psychological changes; 3) changing of her social perception from being a woman to someone’s mother; and 4) forming and developing a relationship with the newborn, adjusting priorities, and redefining the relationship between family and others. Meeting the newborn is regarded as an antecedent of the transition to motherhood. Redefining identity and physical image, ensuring mother’s well-being, maternal attachment, and confidence in the maternal role are regarded as consequences of the transition to motherhood. The concept was clarified by the presentation of model, borderline, and contrary cases.Conclusion: The significance of this study lies in the clarification of the concept of transition to motherhood and defining its attributes. It is recommended that tools be developed to measure transition to motherhood based on the results of this study. Furthermore, nurses and midwives can use study findings to better understand the concept of transition to motherhood in providing care and support to mothers who experience it.

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Bouchard, Geneviève. "Transition to Motherhood and Relationship Quality." Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 44, no. 1-2 (March 23, 2006): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j087v44n01_06.

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Fontenot, Holly B. "Transition and Adaptation to Adoptive Motherhood." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 36, no. 2 (March 2007): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00134.x.

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Anderson, Veanne N., Alison S. Fleming, and Meir Steiner. "Mood and the transition to motherhood." Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 12, no. 2 (April 1994): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646839408408870.

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Williams, Tannis Macbeth, Lesley A. Joy, Lisa Travis, Andrew Gotowiec, Miriam Blum-Steele, Leona S. Aiken, Susan Lee Painter, and Sheena M. Davidson. "Transition to motherhood: A longitudinal study." Infant Mental Health Journal 8, no. 3 (1987): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(198723)8:3<251::aid-imhj2280080308>3.0.co;2-u.

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Limbers, Christine A., Christina McCollum, Kelly R. Ylitalo, and Mikki Hebl. "Physical activity in working mothers: Running low impacts quality of life." Women's Health 16 (January 2020): 174550652092916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506520929165.

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Objectives: The transition to motherhood is associated with declines in physical activity in women. Working mothers may be particularly at-risk for low levels of physical activity, since they have to balance the competing interests of work and family life, and exercise often takes a backseat to more seemingly pressing concerns. The potential benefits working mothers can experience from physical activity are numerous. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the percentage of working mothers from the United States who met the World Health Organization’s and the American College of Sports Medicine’s recommended guidelines for weekly physical activity and investigate the associations between physical activity, quality of life, and self-rated work productivity in this sample of working mothers. Methods: Participants were 334 working mothers from the United States (mean age = 35.00 years; standard deviation (SD) = 5.85; 77.8% White) recruited from a Qualtrics research panel. To be eligible to participate in the study, a woman had to be 18 years or older with at least one child aged 5 years or younger, work at least 30 h per week at a job, live with her child(ren) at least 50% of the time, and have a minimum of a bachelor’s degree. Participants completed the Godin leisure time exercise questionnaire, the World Health Organization—five well-being index, a single-item indicator of self-rated work productivity, and a demographic questionnaire. Results: Of the working mothers in the sample, 45.5% met the recommended guidelines of at least 150 min of moderate exercise in the past week. Approximately 39% of working mothers reported engaging in no 30-min bouts of strenuous exercise in the past week. Non-white working mothers, working mothers with a higher singular annual income, and working mothers who obtained a higher educational level were more likely to meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity in the past week. Meeting the recommended physical activity guidelines in the past week was associated with better quality of life ( r = 0.39; p < 0.001) and self-rated work productivity ( r = 0.13; p < 0.05). Only the association between physical activity and quality of life remained significant in a multivariate analysis (standardized beta coefficient = 0.33; p < 0.001) after controlling for race/ethnicity, maternal singular annual income, and maternal highest level of education. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that working mothers in the United States are a group at risk for low levels of physical activity. Given the great benefits that these women do experience as a function of getting exercise, it is critically important we pay more attention to how individual, organizational, and societal-level interventions might assist them in attaining target levels of physical activity.

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Walzer, Susan. "Transition into Motherhood: Pregnant Daughters’ Responses to Their Mothers." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, no. 10 (December 1995): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507601002.

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The author presents pregnant daughters’ reports about how their mothers influenced their own identities as mothers. Analysis of qualitative interview data suggested that mother–daughter relationships served as reference points for daughters’ ideologies about motherhood and were more varied than is often assumed. Daughters’ mixed feelings about their mothers and the role of this ambivalence in their own conceptions of motherhood may reflect the difficulties that mothers have in conforming to idealized images and expectations of motherhood. Clinical implications are discussed.

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Rohde, J. E. "Removing risk from safe motherhood." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 50 (October 1995): S3—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(95)02479-v.

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Lee, Sookhyun C., and Pat M. Keith. "The Transition to Motherhood of Korean Women." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 30, no. 3 (September 1999): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.30.3.453.

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Churchill, Annmarie Callahan, and Christopher G. Davis. "Realistic Orientation and the Transition to Motherhood." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 29, no. 1 (January 2010): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.39.

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Afflerback, Sara, Amanda Koontz Anthony, Shannon K. Carter, and Liz Grauerholz. "Consumption Rituals in the Transition to Motherhood." Gender Issues 31, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12147-014-9115-0.

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Roifah, Miftahur. "BECOMING A MOTHER: THE TRANSITION TO MOTHERHOOD IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S ZIKORA." Prosodi 15, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184.

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In patriarchal society, motherhood is viewed as a responsibility for women although not all are willing or able to carry it on. To become a mother, a woman has to experience a challenging phase in life and ready to sacrifice everything they have. Feminist critics see motherhood as a complex issue operating patriarchal institution that regulates, dominates, and oppresses women. What is more, some women are not ready with the consequences during the transition to motherhood and bear the status of becoming a mother that often results in having a hard time. To bring this issue into discussion, this study is going to explore the crises that Zikora has to undergo in her transition to become a mother. Zikora is the protagonist in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's short story, Zikora. In analyzing the issue, this study applies the theory of motherhood by Andrienne Rich and uses a qualitative approach with a close reading method. The result of the study shows that motherhood brings women to a new world full of challenges. Motherhood requires not only physical strenght but also mental strenght and self control so that whatever the crises are, women can bear them and overcome the obstacles they are facing.

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Deepak. "Menopause and Motherhood: Bliss or Risk." International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 8, no. 3 (2020): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-2660.2020.00085.x.

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Bearak, Jonathan Marc, Anna Popinchalk, Kristen Lagasse Burke, and Selena Anjur-Dietrich. "Does the Impact of Motherhood on Women's Employment and Wages Differ for Women Who Plan Their Transition Into Motherhood?" Demography 58, no. 4 (May 10, 2021): 1301–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9295218.

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Abstract Women's ability to control their fertility through contraception and abortion has been shown to contribute to improvements in education and employment. At the same time, their employment and wages decline substantially when they transition to motherhood. About one-third of births are unintended, and it is unknown whether the impact of motherhood on employment, hours, and wages is smaller for women who planned their transition into motherhood compared with those who did not. To explore this, we examine fixed-effects models that estimate labor market outcomes using panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979–2014. We estimate models for Black and White women and find that the relationship between motherhood and employment is significantly more negative among White women who plan their transition into motherhood than among those who have an unplanned first birth. Among those who remain employed, we find that those with a planned first birth work fewer hours and have lower wages relative to those with unplanned births. We do not find significant evidence that the association between motherhood and labor market outcomes differs by fertility planning among Black women. Prior research shows how women's choices are structurally constrained by sociocultural norms and expectations and by a labor market that may not readily accommodate motherhood. In this context, our findings may reflect differences in women's motherhood and employment preferences and their ability to act on those preferences. Our analysis also makes a novel contribution to the large body of research that associates unplanned births with negative outcomes.

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Yulizawati, Yulizawati, Yantri Maputra, and Iney Pive Enosentris. "Transition of Roles Change of Motherhood in Women." Journal of Midwifery 6, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.6.1.74-83.2021.

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Being a mother is an extraordinary experience for women. The transition to changing the role of being a mother is a process that a mother must go through in achieving her maternal identity. The purpose of this paper is to determine the transition from changing the role of being a mother to women. This type of writing is a narrative literature review, conducted in June-November 2020. Data was collected through the PubMed digital library, Science Direct and Google Scholar using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data analysis was done qualitatively. The analysis was carried out on 19 research articles. The results of the paper show three main themes, namely motherhood, transition to motherhood in working and unemployed mothers, and the role of midwives in supporting the role transition process. The transition process of changing the role of motherhood to both working and non-working mothers, namely experiencing feelings of inadequacy, feeling alone, losing, then being able to realize, make adjustments and perform these roles. Midwives must provide care according to client needs

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Bertolini, Sonia, Rosy Musumeci, Manuela Naldini, and Paola Maria Torrioni. "Working women in transition to motherhood in Italy." Journal of Romance Studies 15, no. 3 (December 2015): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jrs.2015.150305.

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Pollari, Elsie Hurtado, Bhumi Bhatt, Sophia Baffes, Kelsie Walraven, Kelly Raye, Huda Hussain, Victoria Greenlee, and Tess Somerville. "Distinguishing OT’s Role in the Transition to Motherhood." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): 7610510163p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-po163.

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Abstract Date Presented 04/02/2022 This research explores maternal role transition and competency to better understand how OTs can support mothers during the transition to motherhood. The following themes emerged after an in-depth literature review and three focus groups with new mothers: support systems, physical and psychological health, role transition, and advocacy. OTs can provide education and adaptations or modifications to routines to facilitate balance during the imbalance of a new mother’s life. Primary Author and Speaker: Elsie Hurtado Pollari Contributing Authors: Bhumi Bhatt, Sophia Baffes, Kelsie Walraven, Kelly Raye, Huda Hussain, Victoria Greenlee, Tess Somerville

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Vincent, Carol, and Simon Warren. "Becoming a ‘Better’ Parent? Motherhood, education and transition." British Journal of Sociology of Education 19, no. 2 (June 1998): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0142569980190202.

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von Mohr, Mariana, Linda C. Mayes, and Helena J. V. Rutherford. "The Transition to Motherhood: Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience Perspectives." Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 70, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2016.1277905.

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Gauthier, Lysanne, Frédéric Guay, Caroline Senécal, and Tamarha Pierce. "Women’s Depressive Symptoms during the Transition to Motherhood." Journal of Health Psychology 15, no. 8 (May 7, 2010): 1145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105310364170.

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Redshaw, Maggie, and Colin Martin. "Motherhood: a natural progression and a major transition." Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 29, no. 4 (September 2011): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2011.639510.

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Lee, Christina. "Social context, depression and the transition to motherhood." British Journal of Health Psychology 2, no. 2 (May 1997): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00527.x.

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Miller, Tina. "Shifting perceptions of expert knowledge: Transition to motherhood." Human Fertility 6, no. 3 (January 2003): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1464770312331369413.

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Ben-Ari, Orit Taubman, Shirley Ben Shlomo, Eyal Sivan, and Mordechay Dolizki. "The Transition to Motherhood—A Time for Growth." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 28, no. 8 (October 2009): 943–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.8.943.

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Nizalova, Olena Y., Tamara Sliusarenko, and Solomiya Shpak. "The motherhood wage penalty in times of transition." Journal of Comparative Economics 44, no. 1 (February 2016): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.10.009.

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Błachnio, Aleksandra, and Karolina Kuryś-Szyncel. "I Am a Mother Because I Wanted to—I Am a Grandmother Because Others See Me That Way—Motherhood as a Critical Life Event for Ageing Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416381.

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The purpose of this study was to analyse women’s perceptions of their transition to motherhood in the late decades of their female adulthood. The research problem was whether and to what extent the meaning of the transition to motherhood changes for women from different birth cohorts. Our sample included mothers from two generational cohorts: 50 women in middle adulthood (M = 47.66), and 52 women in late adulthood (M = 69.35). The results were analysed using qualitative data analysis methods, including frequency analysis and qualitative narrative analysis. Based on the analyses, the category of transition to motherhood was found to be a standard feature for all the women studied in middle and late adulthood. In both older generations, some women recalled the birth of their first child as a coping with change. Indicators of criticality were extracted from their narratives: potential bivalence, the unpredictability of consequences, and longevity of life changes. The results showed that the generation of women in late adulthood exhibited significantly fewer difficulties related to their own motherhood. The semantic dominant of the narratives studied is motherhood as taking responsibility for another person.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Transition to motherhood at risk'

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