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Smith, Kristin Elizabeth. "Full-time motherhood understanding transition dynamics /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3515.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Sociology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hui, Choi Wai-hing. "The transition to motherhood for Chinese women." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634012.
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FERRO, VALENTINO. "Disagio e depressione perinatali durante la crisi della maternità. Impatto sulla relazione madre-bambino." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/143711.
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Introduzione. La transizione alla maternità è un momento nella vita della donna molto importante ed è una crisi evolutiva, che nella maggior parte dei casi ha un esito positivo. In alcuni casi la maternità può essere influenzata negativamente dall’insorgere nella donna di disagi psichici (Milgrom et al., 2001). Uno dei disagi della maternità è la depressione post-partum, che si manifesta con un’incidenza all’incirca del 13%, ha un eziologia multifattoriale e ha ricadute sulla salute e acquisizione del ruolo di madre, sull’instaurarsi della relazione madre/bambino, sulla regolazione emotiva diadica e sul rapporto con il partner (Karney & Bradbury, 1995; O’Hara & McCabe, 2013; Pearson et al., 2013). La depressione post-partum è spesso associata con sintomi depressivi durante la gravidanza e questa continuità predice conseguenze peggiori sulla salute psichica della madre (Grigoriadis et al., 2013).
Inoltre anche l’ansia si può presentare in comorbidità con i sintomi depressivi sia in gravidanza sia nel post-partum, l’incidenza è più alta in gravidanza, 18-25%, e decresce dopo il parto fino al 4,7% (Figueiredo & Conde, 2011 Sherry et al., 2014). L’ansia perinatale influenza negativamente gli scambi interattivi della diade madre bambino, queste madri sono più intrusive e i loro figli mostrano: pianto eccessivo, temperamento difficile e meno stati affettivi condivisi (Austin et al., 2008; Feldman, 2007; Reck et al., 2012). Un altro stato di disagio psichico è lo stress parentale che si può presentare nella transizione alla genitorialità (Abidin, 1990), ma non ci sono studi su questo stato in relazione con la depressione post-partum e/o l’ansia.
Obiettivi. Il presente lavoro è suddiviso in tre ricerche che hanno lo scopo di indagare l’incidenza della depressione post-partum, le variabili che predicono maggiormente la depressione post-partum, la relazione fra ansia patologica depressione post-partum e stress parentale e come queste variabili influenzino gli stili interattivi e la regolazione emotiva della diade.
Metodo. Le donne che hanno partecipato alle differenti ricerche sono state contattate presso l’ASL 2 di Savona fra la gravidanza e i primi mesi di post-partum. In tutte le ricerche la depressione è stata indagata con l’EPDS (Cox et al., 1987), l’ansia con lo STAI-Y (Spielberger, 1983), lo stress parentale con il PSI (Abidin, 1987), la percezione del rapporto di coppia con il DAS (Spanier, 1976), gli stili interattivi con il sistema di codifica video CARE-INDEX (Crittenden, 1994) e la regolazione emotiva diadica con il sistema di codifica video ICEP (Weinberg & Tronick, 1999; Riva Crugnola et al., 2013).
Risultati. Le tre ricerche mettono in luce diversi risultati, fra cui come l’ansia in gravidanza sia un fattore predittivo della depressione post-partum e come durante la transizione alla maternità l’aumentare dei fattori di rischio psicosociali sia associato a una maggiore depressione post-partum. Le ricerche sottolineano la stretta relazione fra depressione post-partum, stress parentale e ansia perinatale e come quest’ultima influenzi maggiormente gli stili di regolazione emotiva diadici meno adeguati. Infine la depressione post-partum influenza la percezione della donna della qualità del rapporto di coppia e predice stili interattivi disfunzionale della madre e del bambino.
Conclusioni. I seguenti studi mettono in evidenza la necessità di effettuare screening preventivi e mettere in atto interventi mirati a aiutare e a promuovere il benessere delle madri.Background. The transition to the motherhood is a important moment in woman life and it is also a developmental crisis, in most cases this transition has a positive outcome. Motherhood in some cases is negatively influenced by woman mental illness (Milgrom et al., 2001). Post-partum depression is one of these perinatal mental illness and its incidence is 13%, it has a multifactorial etiology and it influence the woman well-being, the mother-child relationship, the dyadic emotional regulation and the relationship with partner (Karney & Bradbury, 1995; O’Hara & McCabe, 2013; Pearson et al., 2013). Postpartum depression often is associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy and this predict worse consequences on the mother's psychological well-being (Grigoriadis et al., 2013). The perinatal anxiety often occurs in comorbidity with depressive symptoms both in pregnancy and in the postpartum, the incidence of anxiety is higher in pregnant between 18% and 25% than in the post-partum period 4.7% (Figueiredo & Conde, 2011 Sherry et al., 2014). The perinatal anxiety has negative influence on mother-infant relationship, these mothers are more intrusive and their children have excessive crying, difficult temperament and less shared positive states (Austin et al., 2008; Feldman, 2007; Reck et al., 2012). Another perinatal mental distress is parenting stress that may occur in the transition to parenthood (Abidin, 1990), but there are few studies on the relationship of parenting stress, post-partum depression and anxiety. Aims. This paper is divided in three studies investigating different themes, like: the incidence of postpartum depression, the variables who predict postpartum depression, the relationship between anxiety postpartum depression and parenting stress and how these variables influence the relationship styles and emotional regulation of the mother-child dyad. Methods. The women who participated in the research were contacted in ASL2 of Savona between pregnancy and first months of post-partum. In all three studies post-partum depression has been investigated with EPDS (Cox et al., 1987), anxiety with STAI-Y (Spielberger, 1983), parenting stress wih PSI (Abidin, 1987), dyadic adjustment with partner with DAS (Spanier, 1976), the relationship styles with the video coding system CARE INDEX (Crittenden, 1994) and the emotional regulation of the mother-child with the video coding system ICEP (Weinberg & Tronick, 1999; Riva Crugnola et al., 2013). Results. The three studies underline different results, like: anxiety during pregnancy is predictor of post-partum depression; mothers who have a lot of psychosocial risk factors have more probability to develop depressive symptoms in pregnancy and in the post-partum period; the effect of this risk factors is pejorative in depression symptomatology in the transition to the motherhood; maternal depression, anxiety and parenting stress are associated, anxiety is a grater predictor than depression of less adequate styles of mother-infant emotion regulation; post-partum depression affects the dyadic adjustment with partner and dysfunctional relationship styles of mother-child dyad. Conclusions. The results of these studies highlight the importance of doing early screening and well-timed and preventive intervention programs to help the mother wellbeing.
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Hui, Choi Wai-hing, and 許蔡惠卿. "The transition to motherhood for Chinese women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634012.
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Burley, Suzanne Elizabeth. "Antenatal education in the transition to motherhood." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/637.
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This thesis explores the relationship between antenatal education and the transition to motherhood, focusing on the pre-natal expectations and postnatal experiences of a small sample of first-time mothers in Plymouth. The aims of the study were 1) to investigate the style and content of statutory and voluntary sector antenatal classes in the Plymouth area. 2) To investigate factors affecting non-attendance, including non-attenders' perceptions of them. 3) To examine the role of lay systems of knowledge and support in the transition to motherhood and 4) to investigate the differential impact of different patterns of knowledge and support on the experiences of new parents, with particular attention to the three key areas of maternal wellbeing, parenting skills and parental relationships. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to obtain relevant data. The findings suggested that antenatal classes in both sectors focused mainly on labour and birth. Coverage of infant care skills and other important postnatal issues like parental relationships and maternal wellbeing were virtually non-existent. The style of antenatal classes was perceived as overly-prescriptive and directive. Information about labour and birth often duplicated what women already knew. The greatest benefit of attending classes was social, rather than informational. Many women found the classes did not provide them with realistic expectations of new motherhood. Non-attenders were found not to be disadvantaged by not attending classes, despite the common concerns of health professionals. Instead, they drew extensively on lay information and support. In light of these fmdings, it is argued that formal antenatal classes should have a broader curriculum that is also realistic. This study is implicitly critical of the biomedical framework in which maternity services are couched. It contributes to the field by broadening the definition of antenatal education to include informal and lay sources, engaging with users' (rather than just providers') views, to help evaluate antenatal education services. Importantly, it does this by evaluating them in the context of new motherhood.
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Worthington, Gemma. "Motherhood with an eating disorder : breaking the cycle : the transition to motherhood with anorexia nervosa." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2014. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2034/.
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Species relationships of the endemic Elaphoglossum, and the extent and distribution of population genetic diversity were investigated using allozyme analysis in chapter five. As well as supporting the relationships of the taxa in the molecular phylogeny, the allozyme data suggest a hybrid origin of E. dimorphum between E. nervosum and E. bfurcatum. In addition the allozyme data revealed significant genetic differentiation in populations of E. nervosum and E. bfurcatum which should be taken into consideration in any future conservation programme. To conclude, Chapter 5 is a general discussion on the evolution and conservation of island plants, highlighting my research findings from St Helena and comparing it to other studies.
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Miller, Tina. "An exploration of first time motherhood : narratives of transition." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36391/.
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The ways in which women experience and narrate their journeys into first time motherhood is explored through a focus on narrative construction and reconstruction. The unique positioning of childbearing - at the interface between the biological and the social - both shapes expectations and renders experiences which do not conform to idealised notions of motherhood, diflicult to voice. The 17 participants in this study were all white, working women, who were expecting their first child. In depth interviews were carried out on three separate occassions, both antenatally and postnataily, over approximately a year. The longitudinal dimensions of the study enabled narrative trajectories to be collected and strategic construction and presentation of narratives to be explored. The movement in and out of the worlds of work and home was found to provide different reference points from which to make sense of, and narrate, a shifting sense of self. Narrative has not previously been used to explore women's experiences of transition to first time motherhood. Gathering women's narratives over time enabled different subjectivities to be explored and narrative layers to be discerned. The shifts made visible by this approach revealed the ways in which transition to motherhood is socially constructed and experienced within the context of differing professional and personal time frames. Within these competing time frames epistemological and ontological shifts take place. Eventually, epistemological and ontological security led women to challenge assumptions around mothering with which they may have previously collaborated. Feeling able to cope led to the voicing, retrospectively, of past difficult experiences. Narratives were reconstructed and professional constructions of 'normal' transition to motherhood, questioned. The research suggests that needs can remain unvoiced in a context where diverse mothering experiences are unjformly measured. The implications of the research for policy and practise, which is based on normative preoccupations, is considered.
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Yeates, Natasha Rachel Maria. "Identity and the transition to motherhood in first time mothers." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426817.
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This qualitative study explored the period of transition around having a child, during which women develop an identity as a mother within the wider context of a relational matrix. A comprehensive review of the literature highlighted the need to consider a view of self that is not unified or rational. The literature also emphasised the need to maintain mothers in a relational context. Stern's (1998) Motherhood Constellation was focused on to provide a framework for considering identity change with regard to relational aspects involving both the social world and intrapsychic phenomena. This study investigated the experiences of 6 first time mothers who, when approached by their Health Visitor about taking part, volunteered in order to share their experiences of becoming a competent mother with other women. A narrative approach based on Hollway and Jefferson's (2000) free association narrative interview technique was used to look at the way the women narrated their experiences, attending to intra-psychic phenomena within a sociocultural context. The main findings of the study were that the women narrated their experiences of change in terms of continuity and discontinuity of self and relationships, involving conscious and unconscious processes. This occurred within the wider context of a relational matrix featuring intimate relationships and others in the social world. This both pre-dated this period of transition and was anticipated to extend into the future. Implications for clinical practice and future research are explored and quality issues are appropriately discussed.
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Holt, L. "The role of self-concept in the transition to motherhood." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003704/.
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Kutzer, Roxanne. "Maternal and professional identity change during the transition to motherhood." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8064.
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Becoming a mother derails many women’s chances for career progression. One reason for this is that women leave organisations when they become mothers, or reduce their working hours. Another reason is that people within the organisation start to view them as less career-orientated as a result of being mothers. At the core of this issue is that who a woman is – her identity – is being redefined in the transition to motherhood, by herself and by those around her. But, little is known about how her professional identity develops during the transition to motherhood, or whether its development is related to her growing maternal identity. This paper, therefore, presents a systematic review of the literature concerning changes in maternal and professional identities, as well as the relationship between them. Based on the evidence, this review concludes that although the development of maternal identity has been well documented in the literature, little is known about how a woman’s professional identity develops, as she becomes a mother. Suggestions for further research and practice are discussed.
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Johns, Sarah Elizabeth. "Environmental risk and the evolutionary psychology of teenage motherhood." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271862.
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Henderson, Jan. "Delayed motherhood : exploring expectations, anxieties and emotional impact of the transition to motherhood at mid-life (37+ years)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/216.
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A qualitative study was conducted to explore the expectations, anxieties and emotional impact of eight women having their first child after the age of 37 years. The design used semi-structured interviews to collect data in two phases. The first were conducled when participants were in their third trimester of pregnancy (26+ wecks). The second phase was conducted four to six months post-birth. The rationale for the study was that despite the continuing trend for delayed motherhood (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2002), research on the experience of'late' motherhood is extremely limited. Women are choosing to delay motherhood for many reasons, including the need to feel emotionally prepared, finding the right partner, or after years of career success and having achieved financial stability. However, the 'biological clock' may compel women to have a child simply because timc is running out. Rapid advanccs in fertility treatment and improved levels of obstetric care have extended the opportunities for childbearing, to the extent that women are having babies up to the time of menopause, which commonly begins in the late forties (Sowers, 2000). Risks associated with 'late' babies include hypertension (Mirowsky); anxiety (Windridge & Benyman, 1999), and foetal abnormality (Benke, Carver, & Donahue, 1995). In addition, women may feel unprepared for motherhood or may experience ambivalence about their decision after many years of career development and settled lifestyle (Heckhausen, Wrosh, & Fleeson, 200I). 'Elderly primigravidae,' as they are referred to, are deemed 'high risk' by the medical profession (Mirowsky, 2002) therefore women may be expos cd to a 'culture of anxiety' surrounding their choice to have a child at what is thc beginning of the midlife phase.
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Löbler, Helge, and Jürgen Bode. "Risk taking under transition." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-218201.
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Even after 10 years, countries under transition are still on their way to becoming developed, internationally competitive countries. At this stage it is helpful for business cooperation to know whether managers in countries undergoing transition are behaving like socialists or Western managers, or somewhere in between. Many joint ventures and other alliances between Western companies and companies in countries in transition are seeking to establish new markets with new products or new technologies (i.e., new processes). They are risky because the returns are uncertain. Understanding the risk attitudes of managers in countries in transition can explain different investment behavior and provide vital information for installing the right incentives. This study compares the risk attitudes of Chinese, eastern, and western German managers. Chinese managers' risk attitudes seem to be more similar to the attitudes of western German managers than to those of their counterparts in eastern Germany. Some of the reasons and consequences are discussed in this article.
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Frost, Nollaig Anne. "Taking the other out of mother : the transition to secondtime motherhood." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434770.
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Hartley, Jo. "Transgressing the skin : a phenomenological study into the transition to motherhood." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2005. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/297/.
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The aim of this study was to illuminate the experience of early mothering for a small group of first-time mothers from the Southof England in 2001. Central to this were the detailed descriptions, as recounted by the women, of the way in which they gradually adapted to being mothers. In this phenomenological inquiry seven women shared their stories with me. The interview took place at a time and place of the women's choosing and they were asked to describe,in as much detail as possible, the way in which they had experienced "becoming a munf'. Each womantook a unique and circuitous journey to mothering and their narratives were rich and evocative, revealing the complexity of the transformative process. The datawere analysed using a descriptive phenomenological approach, which revealed seven constituents contained within a general structure. Although the women interviewed provided notably contrasting descriptions,underlying and uniting their individual experiences was the general structure. This can be summarised as, "Becoming a mother for the first time introduced some fundamental changes into the woman's manner of being in the world. Essentially,this concerned the development of a new becoming-a-mother-change-of-body subjectivity in which the woman was required to re-order her way of being in all its existential dimensions. The new mother sought to integrate and authenticate this challenging life event within her biography-she manifested both an openness to the beloved child and a resistance to the truncation of her existential possibilities." This is not to say that the women all experienced the phenomenon in the sameway, instead there were particular essential constituents through which each woman negotiated her transforming journey into motherhood. Some women assimilated these changes to their embodied self with ease, others struggled and resisted, feeling assailed and overwhelmed. The seven constituents are: " Welcoming the intimate stranger " Anxious loving " The baby fills her vision " Acceptance:from crisis to comprehension " Exhaustion,recovery and the physical body " Relationships:re-evaluation and conflict " Isolation, ambivalenceandtears The data also challenged mainstream understanding of postnatal depression as a discreet, diagnosable illness. Becominga mother is a transition that compels women to make radical re-adjustments to every aspect of their manner of 'being-in-the-world'. It would be extraordinary if this did not cause significant levels of distress,dis-equilibrium and a sense of chaotic disorganisation.I propose that distress in early mothering is understood as a normal reaction to a significant life-changing event. Implications for clinical practice and further research are also discussed.
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Jahan, Nowrozy Kamar Aree Prohmmo. "Early transition to motherhood : evidence from Kanchanaburi demographic surveillance system, Thailand /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd406/4737936.pdf.
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Matsuo, Hideko. "The transition to motherhood in Japan : a comparison with the Netherlands." Amsterdam : Rozenberg Publishers, 2003. http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/rw/2003/h.matsuo/.
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Bailey, Lucy. "Birth rites : power, the body and the self in transition to motherhood." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f31dfaf7-360a-4125-aa62-1892550867c6.
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This research examines theories of power, the body and the self by studying theoretically and empirically the transition to motherhood. Drawing on both textual analyses and semi-structured interviews with thirty middle-class women shortly before and shortly after they become mothers for the first time, it is argued that pregnancy and maternity leave are liminal periods during which identity is re-negotiated. The interview data, although not claimed to be a representative study, are used to comment on theories of the self in late modernity. It is suggested that the women's sense of self is refracted, rather than fragmented, through the transition; and that they are excused from elements in their old narrative sense of self for the period of pregnancy, although continuity in the narrative is likely to be reasserted upon entering motherhood. The importance of bodily change to self-identity is investigated through the example of pregnancy and birth. Three key dimensions of the women's shifting gender identity are identified as being sexuality, shape and space. Comparisons between the women's discourses of motherhood and employment are used to reveal not only tensions but important commonalities. Professional identity is shown to be a concern, and the means by which it is ensured in this new context are explored. Resources available to the women in managing their transition are identified. These include a range of discourses to which they have access, various experts who are used to help mediate the period of uncertainty and the women's own practices of the self Comparison between the textual and interview material is used to posit that the women have a degree of agency in this process. Finally, different ways of conceptualising this agency - inter- spatiality, counterpoint and inscription - are proposed to replace/ enhance the established language of resistance.
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Vejar, Cynthia Marie. "A Qualitative Approach Toward Understanding the Transition from Career to Fulltime Motherhood." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11265.
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The dissertation begins by discussing the essence of the current study, which sought to accurately portray the experiences and realities of fulltime mothers, followed by a comprehensive literature review surrounding issues pertinent in motherhood. Subsequently, an explanation of the methodological approach utilized in the current study is provided, in addition to the overview of a pilot study which exemplified potential themes, obstacles, and assets anticipated within the actual research. The case studies of four women chosen to represent issues relevant to fulltime mothers are presented. Finally, the creation of a substantive Stay-at-home-mothering (i.e., SAHM) Model is offered, along with two SAHM portraits and a conclusion section, which includes an implications section along with an exploration of the personal discoveries made by the current researcher.Ph. D.
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Wood, David L. "Transition for High Risk Youth." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5160.
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Muzzy, Sarah Burnett. "Consumerism and the transition to motherhood : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/7585.
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Sauer-Sargent, Jody Sue. "Navigating the transition into motherhood| Women's experiences of control, emotion, and social ideals." Thesis, Wayne State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10194328.
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In this dissertation, I sought to give postpartum women their own voices so that they could help define the postpartum experience on their own terms. It fills important gaps within the literature on new mothers’ experiences. A phenomenological approach was used, emphasizing the lived experiences of the women, with an overlay of autoethnography, where the personal experience of the researcher becomes important primarily in how it illuminates the phenomenon being studied. Thus, my personal experience of pregnancy into early motherhood is interwoven throughout this dissertation. Forty-two women participated in the in-depth, face-to-face interview, followed by a questionnaire. The qualitative data was analyzed, specific themes became prominent, and were coded for this study. Little of the quantitative data obtained by the questionnaire was used for this study. The following are forefront in this study of understanding how do women learn to navigate the “new world” of motherhood. First, throughout pregnancy, labor, postpartum, and early motherhood women experience control in a variety of ways, specifically a lack of control. Secondly, women are often afraid of doing something wrong, during pregnancy, labor, birth, and motherhood, such as differing from the norms put forward by friends, family, and the medical field, leading to feelings of guilt. When things do go right, they can feel pride, but were not likely to express this in my study. The third area of study in this dissertation, is that mothers are judged in both appearance and motherwork. In a sense, two ideals, “The Motherhood Mandate” and “Beauty Mandate,” are fighting against one another, that of being and ideal mom in terms of mothering and of being an ideal woman in terms of beauty is intertwined. These three themes are discussed in relation to three sociological theories. Medicalization and Foucault’s “docile bodies” thesis both aid in explaining women’s thoughts and experiences, as well as constraints in the postpartum stage. The social constructionist approach of “doing gender,” is applicable as well, as a general framework under which women think and act.
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Tsaroucha, Anna G. "Maternal expectations, experiences and mood during the transition to motherhood in primiparous mothers." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431505.
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Mohamad, Emma. "Breastfeeding, media and culture : negotiating space, modesty, motherhood and risk in Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54458/.
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This study explores how Malay women negotiate religion (Islam) and culture in their understanding of breastfeeding and their responses to media representations. The study adopts a cultural anthropological approach, exploring women's relationship with breastfeeding in specific cultural context, but also linking with debates about media influence. The thesis unpacks the complex relationship between media and audience by examining breast and formula feeding in both general and specialist media, as well as exploring mothers' discussions about infant feeding (which include their responses to media prompts and them making collages) in focus groups. The study suggests that culture and religion play an important role in women's understanding of breastfeeding and the media. In particular, this thesis identifies how women negotiate Islamic rule about milk kinship and the notion of bonding, which affect how they feel about wet nursing practice. In addition, mothers recognise their responsibilities as Muslim women (through the rules of aurat) which shape feelings of modesty and the way they look at space (both media and real space). Women also discuss ideologies of motherhood through the 'types' of women who would breast or formula feed, and identify with their role as mothers in their responses to media stories about infant feeding risk. The study therefore locates Malay mothers as audiences whose readings link to everyday lives, embodied experiences, and identities.
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Rokosh, Rhonda Marie. "Transition planning for at-risk students." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23479.pdf.
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Cudmore, Laurinda Gayle. "The transition to motherhood, a phenomenological study of women's experiences as first time mothers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21960.pdf.
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Daum, Abigail F. ""Supermom" and "Super-Maman": The Transition to New Motherhood in American and French Mothers." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/969.
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The aim of the proposed study is to examine the effects of the transition into new motherhood and the differences in these effects among American and French primiparous mothers. The study establishes the societal pressures and cultural expectations placed on the motherhood role, historically and to the present day, and presents possible sources for maternal guilt, role strain, and a sense of loss of individuated self in the transition to new motherhood. This mixed methods study uses semi-structured interviews, vignettes, the Job-Family Role Strain Scale, and the Motherhood Salience Scale to determine the effects of the transition into the new mother role. American mothers, compared with French mothers, are expected to feel more societal pressure related to motherhood, practice more intensive mothering, feel more “Supermom” pressure, feel more role strain related to work-family balance, feel more maternal guilt, place motherhood higher on their identity salience hierarchy, and feel more of a loss of individuated self. This research may provide a fuller understanding of the motherhood role and how the shift into new motherhood is felt cross-culturally.
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DeMarkis, Caroline F. "The relationship between prepartum expectations about the transition to parenthood and actual postpartum experiences." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040342/.
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Batalovic, Milena. "Understanding the experience of transition into single motherhood for professional working women : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, Regent's University London, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683436.
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Single motherhood has become increasingly common and yet very little research examines how women themselves experience the transition into single motherhood, thus their life stories remain largely unchronicled. This study explores the lived experience of transition from motherhood within a married or co-habiting couple to single motherhood for professional working mothers. The study is idiographic and qualitative and it is grounded in the detailed accounts of individual women going through the transition, prioritising their own view of the experience. Six professional women took part in semi structured interviews, and interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to analyse the material. Three superordinate themes were identified; the first highlighted the emotional turmoil the women experienced , in the initial phase of transition, in relation to personal, familial and social consequences that divorce might have on them and their children. The second theme detailed the women's actual experiences of these consequences and their effects following divorce, with the most notable finding being that the women concurrently held ambivalent or conflicting feelings about their experience. The third superordinate theme pertained to the social stigma and stereotyping that the women encountered throughout the transitional process. Existing literature on life transitions, motherhood and single motherhood was used in order to discuss the findings. The findings revealed that after a great deal of emotional struggle women satisfactorily negotiated and adapted to their new single mother status. The outcome of this study has implementations for clinical work with professional women as it highlights the benefits of allowing them to become aware of and examine the possible transitions that might arise from ambivalent feelings as they make the transition from married to single motherhood.
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Solomon, Andrew Wallace. "Transition to motherhood : the acquisition of maternal identity and its role in a mother's attachment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648404.
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Hagström, Oscar. "Exploring risk management during transition to omnichannel." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354838.
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Major changes with regards to digitalization and new customer behaviours have transformed the retail industry in many ways. One of the latest trends in retail is the focus on omnichannel, in order to stay competitive in today's changing market conditions. Omnichannel is about creating a seamless distribution and experience for the customers between channels. These changes that come with digitalization come with strategical and developmental challenges. As well as an increased pressure to work more efficiently and at an accelerated speed to cope with new trends. This can be hard to accomplish, to embark into unknown territory since no organization truly has reached omnichannel. Whilst speed and innovation play a vital part in adapting to new rules of conduct within retail, risk management is still a part of their project management tasks. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how management is working with handling risks that can occur in the transition processes to omnichannel. This thesis is based on a qualitative research design where seven semi-structured interviews have been conducted with managers from various large Swedish retail organizations. The conclusion shows three main themes from the empirical findings, which are the following: Operational risks are more common and manageable than strategical, Depending on project scope; risk assessment and mitigation differs and the diversity and roles of employees.
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Jongsma, Michael Howard. "Care Transition Gaps: Risk Identification and Intervention." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/446.
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Hospital readmissions related to chronic heart failure (CHF) are costly, widespread, and often avoidable. Patient education that includes diagnosis, causes, medications, diet, exercise, and exacerbation warning signs has been shown to reduce the number of CHF readmissions. The purpose of this study was to use risk stratification to identify CHF patients at high risk for 30-day readmission. Once a high-risk CHF patient was identified, nursing interventions would be triggered to reduce readmissions and close the gaps in the continuum of care following acute care admission. Transitions of care theory was used as the framework for this project. The methodology had a quality improvement focus. The patient population consisted of high-risk CHF patients (n = 25) with NYHA classification of II-IV using the risk identification tool. Patients were identified using the tool, were followed for 30 days, and received nursing interventions to reduce the possibility of readmission. Only one of the identified patients was readmitted within 30 days for a diagnosis unrelated to CHF, resulting in no readmissions within this sub group. This study suggests that risk stratification can identify and direct resources to CHF patients, decreasing their likelihood for readmission. Nurse leaders can use standardized tools such as the risk identification tool, thereby reducing readmissions along with associated costs for readmissions.
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Murray, De lopez Jenna. "Becoming (m)other : political economy and maternal transition in urban Chiapas." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/becoming-mother-political-economy-and-maternal-transition-in-urban-chiapas(c023a170-3294-4e15-b783-ef3a0ec0a4cf).html.
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Based upon fieldwork in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, South East Mexico, this thesis is about how mestiza women in a low-income barrio become mothers. As such, it is an engagement with theories of embodiment, maternal subjectivity, transformation of self and gendered modernities. The chapters are intended to evoke discussion around the roles that mestiza women, the wider Mexican society and the state play in simultaneously embracing and rejecting constructed notions of the good mother. Competing notions of good motherhood come about through local practices and ideals, and also through discourses of risk and global health. The thesis is structured so that the corporeal processes of maternity (pregnancy, birth and nurturing) provide a common and interlinking theme which also demonstrate maternal transition as a life event akin to others. In doing so, this thesis is ultimately about the way in which gendered beings experience change. I intend this thesis to be both a political and theoretical project which highlights the lives of a community of women in a particular moment in their history. This thesis provides further evidence for the need to formulate new global theories of change that foreground gender in global processes. The women I met during fieldwork, and whose narratives have shaped the direction of this thesis, show that when individuals have recourse to a mixed economy of health care and are not reliant on state intervention, it can result in an outcome that better meets with the woman’s expectations. Women’s combined use of lay and clinical services reveal ways in which they make active attempts to avoid negative pre and postnatal experiences. In doing so, they embody a maternal identity that is deeply rooted in local ways of being-in-the-world. By managing the process of maternity more akin to local ways of thinking about gendered personhood, the women reveal how social change is both assimilated and contested in daily life.
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Ghorayeb, Jihane. "IBD and mums-to-be : transition to motherhood within the context of inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22107/.
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There is a severe patient knowledge deficit about pregnancy and IBD resulting in women with IBD being more likely than healthy controls to remain voluntarily childless. It is surprising, therefore, that there is little research on the topic. Hence, this study addresses the research question: ‘What is the lived experience of women who transition to motherhood within the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?’. The study recruited 22 mothers with IBD (11CD, 10UC, 1 IBDu) who had at least one biological child of a young age (roughly 2 to 7 years old). The sample was predominantly White (N=16) as well as educated and affluent. First, convenience and purposive sampling were used to maximize diversity of geographical location and experience (e.g., having an external pouch); and then theoretical sampling was used to close gaps in understanding of the experience of mothers with IBD. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews (N=20) and via Skype (N=2) were conducted, most of which were video-recorded (N=21). The data were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Three separate analyses were produced and represented in three separate chapters, each focusing on one central concept: Blurred Lines, Transitional Challenges, and Reflecting on Others. Six key findings span these three separate analyses. First, prior to the transition to motherhood, women experience difficulties establishing a relationship of trust with healthcare providers and some assume their IBD would be a barrier in forming romantic relationships. Second, managing IBD symptoms can help prepare women for their transition to motherhood. Third, there is a misconception that IBD medication can damage the foetus and the child during breastfeeding. Fourth, women can experience a diagnosis shadowing whereby their pregnancy and IBD symptoms can be conflated. Fifth, transition to motherhood with IBD is facilitated by having an extensive network of support. Sixth, having IBD and becoming a mother are both associated with loss of identity, of freedom, of friendships, and of intimacy for some women. These findings are of practical relevance to women with IBD, their partners, and healthcare providers and have been disseminated throughout the duration of the study including via ‘YouTube Medleys’ created with permission using video-recorded extracts from the interviews.
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Jonsson, Annie, and Julie Marie Skalleberg. "Motherhood transitions in sport: From pregnancy to post-partum." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Hälsa och idrott, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-41964.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnliga idrottares upplevelser av karriärövergången att bli mamma, med ett fokus på utmaningar, resurser och copingstrategier under perioderna före-, under- och efter graviditeten. I studien användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna i studien var nio svenska idrottande mödrar i åldrarna 30-53 år (M=39.8, SD=7.3). Alla deltagare hade erfarenhet av att kombinera sitt moderskap med ett idrottande på nationell eller internationell nivå inom sin specifika idrott. Intervjuguiden och dataanalysen grundade sig på Övergångsmodellen (Stambulova, 2009). I resultatet framkom följande: under perioden före graviditeten upplevdes oro som främsta utmaning, att känna sig redo för att bli mamma som främsta resurs och att kunna planera sin graviditet som främsta copingstrategi. Under graviditeten framkom utmattning som främsta utmaning, socialt stöd som främsta resurs och strategier som deltagarna lärt sig under sin idrottskarriär som främsta copingstrategi. Efter graviditeten var stress främsta utmaning, socialt stöd främsta resurs och livet som en atlet hjälpte var främsta copingstrategi. Slutsatsen som dras i studien är att det finns flera upplevda utmaningar vid övergången att bli elitidrottande mamma, och att ett sätt att underlätta för dessa kvinnor skulle kunna vara ett utökat stöd från till exempel förbund, både socialt och finansiellt.The aim of this study is to investigate experiences of motherhood transitions in sport, with a focus on the challenges, resources and coping strategies in the pre-pregnancy, during the pregnancy, and the postpartum phase. In the study a qualitative research metodology with semi-structured interviews was used. The participants in the study were nine Swedish athlete mothers aged 30-53 years (M=39.8, SD=7.3). All the participants had an experience of combining their motherhood with an athletic career at a national or an international level in their specific sport. The interview guide and the data analysis were grounded on the athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2009). In the result during the pre-pregnancy, worry emerged as the main challenge, feeling ready to become a mother as the primary resource and planned pregnancies as the main coping strategy. During the pregnancy, fatigue emerged as the main challenge, social support both inside and outside sport as the primary resource, and strategies from sport as the main coping strategy. In the post-partum, stress was a frequent challenge, social support inside and outside sport were the most common resource, and life as an athlete helped were the main coping-strategy. As a conclusion in the present study, several challenges were experienced in the transition to becoming a mother as an elite athlete. A way of facilitating for these women could be increased support, for example from sport federations, both socially and financially.
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Petrowski, Barbara S. "A descriptive correlational study to investigate factors that influence transition to motherhood in first-time mothers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq23454.pdf.
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Kästner, Anne Kristin. "Discounting Transition Risk : The Development of a Climate Risk Model for Equity Portfolios." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413265.
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To mitigate climate change, the transition to a low-carbon economy is imperative. Even though this transition poses unprecedented economic and social risks, academic research regarding the impacts of such risks on the financial sector is limited. This thesis develops an integrated analytical framework to quantify the transition risks of equity portfolios. The aim is to improve the scientific understanding of transition risk modelling and to enable a forward-looking risk analysis in investment management. Transition risks are analyzed with a scenario-based approach. Three transition scenarios that stretch until 2025 and 2030 are constructed. For each scenario, three risk variables are designed: a global carbon tax, a change in the share of renewables in electricity generation, and a change in fossil fuel production. A transition-adjusted dis-counted cash flow (TA-DCF) model is developed to estimate the financial impacts of those risks. Furthermore, a method to model company-specific transition capacity is applied. The findings of the study suggest limited total transition impacts on the portfolio level until 2030. The analysis of a diversified global equity index discovers losses of -2.95% of the total market value in the most ambitious transi-tion scenario. Transition risks become more apparent on the sector and individual company level. The thesis finds that three sectors, Energy, Utilities and Materials, are highly exposed to transition risks. In addition, the TA-DCF model enables the identification of companies that are expected to lose of most of their value due to transition risks as well as companies that leverage the emerging opportunities. The developed framework can be applied in portfolio management and portfolio construction to incorporate tran-sition risks into decision-making processes in financial risk management. Several use cases, i.e. the development of a low transition risk benchmark, are discussed.
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Ashwin, Catherine Anne Cecelia. "A mixed methods study exploring the intricacies of smoking : stopping and relapsing during the transition to motherhood." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13847/.
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Background The harmful effects of smoking during pregnancy have been well documented within the literature (Eastham and Gosakan 2010, British Medical Association [BMA] 2004). Consideration of these facts encourages many women in giving up the habit during this period. However, following the birth the decision to remain abstinent from smoking is often a difficult one for women to make with quite a number relapsing in the first few months. The risk factors for smoking during pregnancy predominantly focus on the health of the baby whereas the longer term risks and benefits of not smoking, although identified by women are not reinforced in preparation for post natal abstinence. With knowledge of the high numbers of women relapsing to smoking postpartum the purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of women during transition to motherhood who stopped smoking during pregnancy. A mixed methods study was undertaken using both quantitative and qualitative approaches in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Participants Women were initially recruited to the study through questionnaires made available in the antenatal clinics in two large teaching hospitals in the East Midlands. In total 216 questionnaires were returned from a possible 400, however, nineteen had been incorrectly completed so were excluded. Of the remaining 197 questionnaires 75 had been completed by women who had not smoked at the beginning of pregnancy and as such were excluded from the final analysis. Women willing to participate in the interviews left contact details on the questionnaires. In total 27 women were interviewed on three occasions, once between 28 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and twice in the postpartum at six weeks and between three and six months. The women interviewed comprised women born in the UK and women born outside of the UK with ages ranging from 16-38 years of age. Analysis The questionnaires were analysed using SPSS which produced pertinent demographic details of the range of women within the catchment area for the study. Data collected during the interviews were finally analysed as a continuous narrative from each woman aided by the use of NVIVO software. Results/Findings Data arising from the results of the questionnaires showed that 53.2% of the women were primigravida and 57.6% were in close contact with a friend or relative who smoked. The data also indicated that the majority of women gave up smoking for the health of the baby and had little professional help in stopping. Some of the women considered that partners were supportive when stopping smoking, but overall, the women considered they stopped of their own accord. Findings from the interviews revealed three original concepts that had a further six themes and 15 subthemes. Social influence, barriers and facilitators, and most significantly, pregnancy seen as a new start in life or just an interval were the three key concepts arising from the study. These concepts were further broken down into themes and sub themes that impacted upon a woman’s relationship with smoking. The social influence of friends and family worked both positively and negatively for women with regard to remaining a non-smoker, professional support was generally seen as positive. The health of the baby, breast feeding, self-efficacy and self-belief, nausea, the smell and taste of cigarettes and policy change were also drivers for stopping and staying stopped. Where relapse was more likely, women struggled with issues of guilt, stress and difficulty in breaking long standing habits. However, the overriding factor in remaining a non-smoker was the notion of beginning a new chapter in their lives; a new life they discussed planning to stop and the emergence of a new identity. For some women returning to smoking was a reverse of these ideas, viewing pregnancy as an interval or suspension of their lives and a return to smoking signified a return to their previous, familiar identity and confidence in who they were. Conclusion It is anticipated the findings from this research will contribute to the development of more successful interventions to aid long term smoking cessation in the future by adding to the knowledge of the complexities of smoking cessation during pregnancy and the transition to motherhood. Further research is recommended to look at supporting women in achieving higher levels of self-belief and self-efficacy and to consider pregnancy as a time to start a new phase in their lives. For interventions to be successful greater collaboration between health professionals and women must take place to ensure that such interventions meet the needs of the women.
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Cavanaugh, Anne Fenton. "Exploring the role of playfulness, social support and self esteem in coping with the transition to motherhood." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3575.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Counseling and Personnel Services. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Gebremichael, Keariam, and Saadul Islam Khan. "Transition Risk on a Consumer’s Journey : Influencing Concepts towards the occurrence of Transition Risk on a Consumer’s Journey on Virtual Reality Shopping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167053.
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Background: Retailing through Virtual Reality (VR) is faced with a dilemma of potential customers using the VR to look for products online, but somehow do not make a purchase online and prefer to visit the physical stores instead. This phenomenon is referred as Transition Risk. Aim: To develop an understanding regarding the concepts and factors that influence the occurrence of transition risk by using UTAUT2 framework. Identify those concepts and thus be able to assist retailers in diminishing the transition risk gap. Methodology: Is a quantitative study that involves an experiment followed by a questionnaire as the research instrument. The data was analyzed through regression analysis by using SmartPLS 3.0 as the data analysis tool for SEM. An exploratory research design for the cross-sectional study of a small sample of 45 people experimented. Findings: Findings of the research suggest that transition risk has a direct relation with the UTAUT2 constructs: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, hedonic motivation, and habit of the consumer. Moreover, absence of familiarity with VR retailing, social influence and consumer’s habit of web-rooming and retail therapy are significant contributors towards transition risk. Furthermore, UTAUT2 framework can also be used to identify reason for no usage and/or abandoning of use technology.
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Hauser, Frank. "Country Risk and Foreign Direct Investments in Transition Countries." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-49002.
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Djalilov, Kh, Serhii Viacheslavovych Lieonov, Anna Volodymyrivna Buriak, Сергій Вячеславович Лєонов, Анна Володимирівна Буряк, Сергей Вячеславович Леонов, and Анна Владимировна Буряк. "Risk, concentration and efficiency in transition economies: comparative analysis." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59630.
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Over the last more than two decades the financial systems of the former
USSR as well Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have undergone
substantial reforms and their impact of overall economy is now established in
the literature. The research investigating the risk taking behavior of banks
in former Soviet countries are limited. Considering that banks behave differently
under different institutional settings the results obtained for developed
and developing countries may not apply to the transition ones.
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Daleo, Lisa. "Relations Among Adolescent Motherhood, Caregiving Experience, and Perceptual and Caregiving Responses to Infant Cries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26271.
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Prospective analyses suggest that young mothers may not be capable of perceptually discriminating between different infant cry stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the perceptual and caregiving responses of adolescent mothers to different infant cry stimuli. Twenty-five primiparous adolescents and 39 nulliparous adolescents listened to segments of three different infant cry types that varied in the amount of high-pitched, hyperphonation contained in the acoustic structure. Participants rated their responses to the low- and high-risk cries on perceptual rating scales, and selected a caregiving behavior in response to these same cries. Analyses of Variance showed that both groups of participants perceived the infant cry segments as more arousing, annoying, distressing, loud, and sick-sounding as the amount of hyperphonation increased across cries. Results also showed that adolescent mothers did not perceive high-risk cries as more arousing, annoying, urgent, loud, and sick-sounding than adolescents who were not mothers. However, primiparous participants perceived hyperphonated and partially-hyperphonated cries as less annoying and less loud than nulliparous adolescents. This study did not find significant differences between primiparous adolescents' and nulliparous adolescents' caregiving experiences. Chi-square analyses indicated no significant differences between the participant groups' caregiving response choice frequencies to all three infant cry types.Ph. D.
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Schury, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Psychobiological and psychosocial effects of childhood maltreatment on women during transition into motherhood and their newborns / Katharina Schury." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137557605/34.
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Hasse-Grierson, Eliane. "The neglected child becomes a mother : care-leavers' transition to motherhood and their lived experience of being a mother." Thesis, Regent's University London, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698147.
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This study seeks to explore the experiences of motherhood amongst care-leavers with histories of neglect and/or abuse. Six mothers were interviewed, who had been in care for three years or more and had by the time of the interviews left care for at least eight years. The data collected was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), and four main themes were identified: (1) motherhood as a lifeline and a great challenge; (2) the negotiation of external threats and support; (3) care-leavers’ mothering overshadowed by their past; and (4) being good-enough-mothers: self-imposed pressures. The findings suggest that the transition to motherhood is a personal existential journey involving the search for connections, love and identity; giving the participants an opportunity to create a positive sense of self that lies beyond that of a “child of the system”, and bringing them a sense of purpose and self-worth. However it also propelled them to confront their givens and vulnerabilities, leaving them struggling at times to meet the demands of motherhood. External support and personal determination were key elements in their resilience and success in mothering their children. However, the positive elements of motherhood as the secure base from which to explore new ways of being were not enough to heal the trauma of their past. Participants’ needs to overprotect their children and the tendency to interpret their children’s need for independence as rejection may be fostering the transmission of psychological traits that they sought to avoid. There is a need for easier access to counselling services for these young adults before and after they leave care. Moreover, psychological educational programmes should be established to minimise the negative impact of children-in-care’s early experiences, preparing them not only for motherhood if desired, but also for life as independent, selfassured individuals.
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Arias, Bobbie Sue. "The Importance of Online Peer Relationships During the Transition to Motherhood: Do They Decrease Stress, Alleviate Depression and Increase Parenting Competence?" PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2946.
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This research addressed the challenges faced by women in today's society during the transition to motherhood, and explored the possible benefits of an online natural helping network of blogging peers. Given the content of the literature describing the transition to motherhood and the many hardships that pose possible obstacles for an ideal transition, this research attempted to uncover the reasons why mothers blog and what benefit, if any, they experience as a result of blogging. This study explored the following questions: Why do women blog during the transition to motherhood? What is the relationship among the seven identified variables: blogging intensity, authentic self-disclosure, perceived general social support, perceived social support from blogging, current depression, stress, and parenting competence?
This dissertation employed a cross-sectional research design using a web-based survey. The data were trimmed to limit the participants to residents/citizens of the United States and mothers of preschool aged (0-5) children who lived with them four or more days per week. The data were further limited to include only those participants (N = 501) who completed the survey in its entirety. New mothers experienced benefits as a result of their authentic participation in blogging and reported key reasons that they participated including: to share their experiences with others, to preserve their memories, to interact with a like-minded audience, and to feel understood. There were significant positive correlations between authentic self-disclosure and perceived social support, and sense of parenting competency, and a negative relationship between authentic self-disclosure and maternal depression and perceived stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that social support was the strongest predictor of current depression. Social support was also a predictor of stress and of perceived parenting competence. Additionally, social support significantly predicted authentic self-disclosure. With a growing reliance on technology and social media, social work has an obligation to identify and utilize the beneficial aspects of this medium.
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Dash, Suzanna. "A social constructivist grounded theory exploration into the impacts of infant sleeplessness on 'normal' experiences within the transition to motherhood." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620902.
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Background: The aims of this qualitative research were to explore a range of challenges encountered by mothers coping with infant sleep difficulties, and subsequent impacts on the transition to becoming a parent. The intention was twofold – to raise awareness amongst practitioner psychologists that “many new mothers experience some level of emotional distress and all deserve systematic and compassionate support” (Boots Family Trust, p.1), with particular reference to early relationship formation, and to encourage opportunities for translation from multidisciplinary research into practice. Method: Five semi-structured interviews were conducted. Four with mothers who were either experiencing, or had in the past experienced sleep difficulties with their babies. The fifth was with a professional ante-natal educator, herself a mother. The interviews were transcribed and analysed according to a constructivist version of grounded theory methodology guided by Charmaz (2006). Analysis: A central narrative of ‘the wearing mask of transition’ was developed from four analytic categories: being me’, ‘being pushed to the limit’, ‘relationships’ and ‘coping, learning and trusting’. The interconnectedness of the categories was conveyed via the visual translation of the proposed pluralistic model – ‘the coping mask of transition’. Conclusion: After having been neglected within mainstream mental health services, perinatal mental wellbeing is currently being prioritised, representing a unique opportunity for multidisciplinary consultation and sharing of expertise and training. The ‘normal’ experiences of the women interviewed were revealed as emotionally complex. They worked through their sleep deprivation and distress feeling largely unsupported, and often unwilling to disclose even to partners the extent of their difficulties. It is hoped that this small-scale study, with its focus on a non-clinical population, and the significance of maternal mental and emotional wellbeing and outcomes for children, will encourage professionals to consider the distressing impacts of ‘normal’ sleep disturbance and deprivation within the broader context of this major life transition.
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Tsai, Shiow Meei. "Assessing the Relationship Between Transition to Motherhood, Early Mother-Infant Interaction, Stress, and Social Support Among Taiwanese First-Time Mothers." Diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22072.
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Transition to motherhood is referred to as change in the new role and relationship during women's developmental stages. Difficult transitions may cause problems in the mother-infant relationship and influence the acceptance of this role. The purpose of this study was to investigate transition to motherhood as it relates to early mother infant interaction, stress and social support of first time Taiwanese mothers, and to determine other maternal characteristics related to transition to motherhood. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 63 first-time postpartum mothers between ages of 18 to 35 who intended to breastfeed their infants. The subjects were recruited from a maternity unit of one medical center in south of Taiwan between year 2004 to year 2005. Four major instruments were used to collect the data: Revised What Being the Parent of a Baby is like Questionnaire, The Nursing Child Assessment Scale, The Perceived Stress Scale and The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List.
The first administration of all questionnaires was conducted and the feeding interaction was observed and scored on the postpartum day during hospitalization (Time 1). After observation, immediate feedback regarding their feeding interaction including positive feedback and suggestions were given to all participants by the investigator. The second administration of all questionnaires was conducted at 4 weeks postpartum (Time 2). The last administration of all questionnaires was mailed to participants at 4 months postpartum (Time3). T-test, analysis of variance, Pearson Correlation and stepwise multiple regression were utilized to analyze the data.
Findings indicate that first- time mothers with lower perceived stress and longer breastfeeding had an easier transition process to motherhood. During this transition, social support mediates the effect of perceived stress. The data fit the model and explained 42 % of the variance in transition to motherhood. Up to 29 % of variance was explained by perceived stress and of 13 %was explained by the length ofbreastfeeding. The study provides a knowledge base for further research on transition to motherhood and designing advanced educational program for new parents and clinical practice is required.
Key words: transition, motherhood, mother-infant interaction, stress, social support.
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Darvill, Ruth. "The transition from woman to mother : an investigation into psychological factors that impact on women's experience of first time motherhood." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496511.
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The aim of this series of three studies was to broaden understanding of first time maternal transition from a woman's perspective. While there is an extensive body of literature on discrete aspects of childbearing such as labour or motherhood, few studies address the whole childbearing period including pregnancy, birth and new motherhood as one psychosocial process. The intention was to fill the gaps in current knowledge of first time maternal transition. Using a grounded theory approach, findings from Study 1 identified the altering self-concept as central to women's experience of becoming first time mothers. Data from Study 1 suggested transition to motherhood began in pregnancy, contrasting with many current studies that suggested transition begins after birth. A period of vulnerability during pregnancy was identified. Findings from Study 1 shaped the choice of psychosocial factors to be assessed in Study 2. A quantitative study with repeated measures was designed to answer questions about the role of self-concept within the transition. Established scales were used to measure self-concept along with a measure of coping styles, levels of depression and perceived social support once during pregnancy (baseline) and again after the birth of a first infant (follow up). Results of Study 2 confirmed changes in self-concept across the maternal transition. Women had higher levels of the identity component of self-concept after the birth than during pregnancy. More women were depressed during pregnancy than after the birth. Results confirmed findings in Study 1 of a period of vulnerability in pregnancy that may currently be unrecognised. A final study focused on the identified period of vulnerability within the maternal transition, as suggested by data in Study 1 and 2. Social support needs during this time were discussed.
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Millar, Jillian M. "Self-reported stress and posttraumatic growth following the transition to motherhood : investigating the role of social support and self-efficacy." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/562.
Full textAbstract:
The onset of parenthood signifies a transition point in a person’s life, which requires adaptation to a variety of changes and is often considered a time of great stress and great joy. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) or positive psychological outcomes can be experienced as a result of an individual’s struggles with highly stressful or challenging life events, such as the birth of a child. The current research explores the relationship between PTG and the transition to motherhood. Two studies investigated women’s retrospective perceptions of PTG regarding their first experience of parenthood. Study One employed a quantitative methodology to examine the extent to which participants’ perceived social support, self-efficacy, and level of perceived stress surrounding the birth of their first child, predicted PTG. A sample of 83 participants completed the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory; the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; the Mastery - Self-Efficacy Scale; and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. Data were analysed using a standard multiple regression analysis to determine which variable/s significantly and independently predicted the level of PTG. Results indicated that perceived social support was the only variable to achieve significance (F(3,78)= 3.333; p < 0.05). To gain a holistic perception of how and why social support played such a vital role in predicting PTG, a second study was conducted. Study Two followed-up with a qualitative exploration of ten women’s perceptions of social support across the transition to motherhood, in order to illicit greater understanding of its relationship to PTG. Thematic content analysis of transcripts revealed four main themes: reassurance, help seeking, self-efficacy, and changes in the self. Additionally the role of the women’s expectations and recommendations for others is discussed. This research has therapeutic implications for therapists who may be able to utilise these findings to encourage and enhance positive outcomes, coping, and adaptation in individuals experiencing a crisis and/or stressful life transitions. Additionally this research adds to the evidence supporting the use of the PTGI as a general measure of growth, thereby allowing it to be applied to incidents and experiences outside of those traditionally defined as traumatic.