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Journal articles on the topic 'Transition levels'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

palevskaya, Svetlana, and Altynaykassymzhanova. "Are Obesity Levels Increasing in the “Transition Countries?”." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 2574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201364.

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2

Aggarwal, Sunny, Nupur Verma, A. K. Singh, Narendra Singh, Rinku Sharma, and Man Mohan. "Multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock energy levels and radiative rates for Ni XXI." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 11 (November 2014): 1285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0454.

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We present accurate atomic structure calculations for the lowest 200 fine structural energy levels for oxygen-like nickel, which may be a useful ion for both astrophysical and fusion plasmas. For the calculations of energy levels and radiative rates, we have used the multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock method. Our results are compared with those obtained using other numerical methods and experiments so that their accuracy can be assessed. The transition wavelengths, oscillator strengths, and radiative rates are reported for electric dipole (E1) transitions from the ground state. We have also presented the transition probabilities and transition wavelength of some forbidden transitions. Finally, we predict new energy levels, oscillator strengths, and transition probability data, where no other theoretical or experimental results are available, which may be useful for future experimental work.

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3

El-Sayed, Fatma. "Energy levels and transition probabilities for transitions in Zr XXXV." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 255 (November 2020): 107237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107237.

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4

Třísková, L., V. Truhlík, J. Šmilauer, and Yu A. Shultchishin. "Comparison of and transition levels." Advances in Space Research 22, no. 6 (January 1998): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(98)00119-7.

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5

Rynkun, P., S. Banerjee, G. Gaigalas, M. Tanaka, L. Radžiūtė, and D. Kato. "Theoretical investigation of energy levels and transition for Ce IV." Astronomy & Astrophysics 658 (February 2022): A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141513.

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Aims. We present extensive energy level and transition data for the Ce IV spectrum. By providing accurate atomic data, we evaluate the impact of atomic data on the opacity in the neutron star merger ejecta. Methods. We performed energy spectra and transition data calculations using the GRASP2018 package, which is based on the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods, and the HULLAC code, which is based on a parametric potential method. Results. We present energy spectra calculated for the 225 levels for the Ce3+ ion. Energy levels are compared with recommended values from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and other available works. The root-mean-square (rms) deviations obtained for the GRASP2018 energy levels of the 5p6nl configurations from the NIST data are 1270 cm−1. The rms deviations for the HULLAC results from the NIST data are 5780 cm−1. Furthermore, electric dipole (E1) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above levels. The computed transition rates are compared with other theoretical computations. We also evaluate the accuracy of the wave functions and transition parameters by analyzing the dependencies of the line strength S on the gauge parameter G. The gauge dependency method also allows us to determine the transitions for which the ratio between the Babushkin and Coulomb gauges shows real agreement between forms and the transitions for which the agreement between both gauges is random. Using the GRASP2018 and HULLAC data, the opacities in the neutron star merger ejecta are also calculated. We find that the opacity of Ce IV is higher than that presented by previous works, which is because of the higher completeness of our atomic data. Although the differences in the energy levels and transition probabilities cause different features in the opacity spectrum, the Planck mean opacities of both data sets agree within 20%.

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6

El-Sayed, Fatma. "Energy levels, wavelengths, and transition probabilities for transitions in Pd XLII." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 254 (October 2020): 107204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107204.

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7

Dzierżęga, Krzysztof, Ulf Griesmann, Gillian Nave, and Łukasz Bratasz. "Absolute Transition Rates for Transitions from 5p Levels in Kr II." Physica Scripta 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.063a00209.

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8

WERNER, GERHARD. "ON CRITICAL STATE TRANSITIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEVELS IN NEURAL SYSTEMS." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 05, no. 01 (March 2009): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005709001222.

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The framework of "Modern Theory of Critical State Transitions"1,2 considers the relation between different levels of organization in complex systems in terms of critical state transitions. A state transition between levels entails changes of scale of observables and, concurrently, new formats of description at reduced dimensionality. It is suggested that this principle can be applied to the hierarchic structure of the nervous system, whereby the relations between different levels of its functional organization can be viewed as successions of state transitions: upon state transition, the 'lower' level presents to the 'higher' level an abstraction of itself, at reduced dimensionality and at a coarser scale. The re-scaling in the state transitions is associated with new objects of description, displays new properties and obeys new laws, commensurate to the new scale. To illustrate this process, some aspects of the neural events thought to be associated with cognition and consciousness are discussed. However, the intent is also more general in that state transitions between all levels of organization are proposed as the mechanisms by which successively higher levels of organization "emerge" from lower levels.

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9

Rynkun, P., G. Gaigalas, and P. Jönsson. "Theoretical studies of energy levels and transition data for Zr III." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937243.

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Aims. We seek to present accurate and extensive transition data for the Zr III ion. These data are useful in many astrophysical applications. Methods. We used the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) methods, which are implemented in the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package GRASP2018. The transverse-photon (Breit) interaction, vacuum polarization, and self-energy corrections are included in the RCI computations. Results. Energy spectra were calculated for the 88 lowest states in the Zr III ion. The root-mean-square deviation obtained in this study for computed energy spectra from the experimental data is 450 cm−1. Electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), and electric quadrupole (E2) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above states together with the corresponding lifetimes. The computed transition rates are smaller than the experimental rates and the disagreement for weaker transitions is much larger than the experimental error bars. The computed lifetimes agree with available experimental values within the experimental uncertainties.

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10

Kochan, Andrzej, Emilia Koper, Przemysław Ilczuk, and Łukasz Gruba. "Transitions in ERTMS/ETCS system." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 121 (June 1, 2018): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4575.

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The article concerns the issue of transition in ERTMS/ETCS system. The document discusses the selection and distribution of balises relevant for transition. The possibilities and limitations resulting from the selected configuration of the system in the scope of balises are presented. General principles of transition execution were also presented and a unified description of transitions between ERTMS/ETCS levels was proposed. The article describes balis groups important from the point of view of transition and telegrams exchanged in the process of transition. The selected example shows a description of transitions, including specified functional steps, their variants and an analysis of hazards for particular stages. The article highlights the complexity of the transition process and the fact that the issue of transition between the levels of ERTMS/ETCS system will be a real challenge for the railway industry in the upcoming years.

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11

Froese Fischer, Charlotte, and James Babb. "Transition Rates for 3s3p2 4P–3s3p4s 4Po Transitions in Al i." Atoms 7, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms7020054.

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Fully relativistic calculations have been performed for two multiplets, 3 s 3 p 2 4 P and 3 s 3 p 4 s 4 P o , in Al i. Wave functions were obtained for all levels of these multiplets using the grasp programs. Reported are the E1 transitions rates for all transitions between levels of these multiplets. Transition energies and transition rates are compared with observed values and other theory. Our calculated transition rates are smaller by about 10% than observed rates, reducing a large discrepancy between earlier calculations and experiments.

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12

Yupapin, Preecha. "Contemplation and perception energy transition states." International Journal of Scientific World 3, no. 2 (June 28, 2015): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v3i2.4861.

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<p>In this paper, the concept of meditation and perception energy transition states is configured described by the spirit energy transitions. Being life has been jeopardized situation due to the chaotic society. The technique that can be used to release and recover such problems is the challenge and being proposed. There are two techniques that can lead to obtain the mind concentration, where they are meditation ad mind-body considerations that have been successfully used for years. The descriptions of meditation and perception are performed by the spirit energy transitions of eight and sixteen levels respectively. The transition states and energy levels are explained, which can be useful for practitioners and world society.</p>

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13

Xu, Xunwei, Yanjun Zhao, Hui Wang, Aixi Chen, and Yu-Xi Liu. "Nonreciprocal transition between two nondegenerate energy levels." Photonics Research 9, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/prj.412904.

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14

Barylska, Kamila, and Edward Ochma´nski. "Levels of Persistency in Place/Transition Nets." Fundamenta Informaticae 93, no. 1-3 (2009): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2009-0086.

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15

Norrington, P. H., A. E. Kingston, and A. W. Boone. "Energy levels and transition probabilities for FeXXVions." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 33, no. 9 (April 27, 2000): 1767–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/33/9/308.

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16

Granone, Luis I., Konstantin Nikitin, Alexei Emeline, Ralf Dillert, and Detlef W. Bahnemann. "Effect of the Degree of Inversion on the Photoelectrochemical Activity of Spinel ZnFe2O4." Catalysts 9, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9050434.

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Physicochemical properties of spinel ZnFe2O4 (ZFO) are known to be strongly affected by the distribution of the cations within the oxygen lattice. In this work, the correlation between the degree of inversion, the electronic transitions, the work function, and the photoelectrochemical activity of ZFO was investigated. By room-temperature photoluminescence measurements, three electronic transitions at approximately 625, 547, and 464 nm (1.98, 2.27, and 2.67 eV, respectively) were observed for the samples with different cation distributions. The transitions at 625 and 547 nm were assigned to near-band-edge electron-hole recombination processes involving O2- 2p and Fe3+ 3d levels. The transition at 464 nm, which has a longer lifetime, was assigned to the relaxation of the excited states produced after electron excitations from O2- 2p to Zn2+ 4s levels. Thus, under illumination with wavelengths shorter than 464 nm, electron-hole pairs are produced in ZFO by two apparently independent mechanisms. Furthermore, the charge carriers generated by the O2− 2p to Zn2+ 4s electronic transition at 464 nm were found to have a higher incident photon-to-current efficiency than the ones generated by the O2− 2p to Fe3+ 3d electronic transition. As the degree of inversion of ZFO increases, the probability of a transition involving the Zn2+ 4s levels increases and the probability of a transition involving the Fe3+ 3d levels decreases. This effect contributes to the increase in the photoelectrochemical efficiency observed for the ZFO photoanodes having a larger cation distribution.

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17

Eser, Selda, and Leyla Özdemir. "Electric dipole transitions between low-lying levels in doubly ionized krypton, xenon, and radon." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 6 (June 2018): 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0238.

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Using the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package (GRASP) based on a fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock (MCDF) method, the transition parameters, such as transition rates (probabilities), oscillator strengths, and line strengths for the electric dipole transitions between low-lying levels are evaluated for doubly ionized krypton, xenon, and radon. Breit interactions for relativistic effects and quantum electrodynamical (QED) contributions besides valence and valence–core correlation effects are taken into account in calculations. We compare the results obtained with the available data in the literature and discuss them, when possible.

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18

Karaçoban Usta, Betül, and Büşra Alparslan. "Lifetimes, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities for Ce IV." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 11 (November 2017): 1103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0161.

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The lifetimes for the levels of 5p6nf (n = 5–30), 5p6np (n = 6–30), 5p6nd (n = 5–30), 5p6ng (n = 5–30), and 5p6ns (n = 7–30) configurations and the transition parameters for the electric dipole transitions between these levels have been calculated using the relativistic Hartree–Fock (HFR) method for triply ionized cerium (Ce IV, Z = 58). We have compared the results with the previously reported available calculations and experiments in the literature. Moreover, some new transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, and lifetime values for highly excited levels in Ce IV, not appearing in databases, have been obtained using this method.

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19

Raineri, M., M. Gallardo, J. Reyna Almandos, A. G. Trigueiros, and C. J. B. Pagan. "New Transition and Energy Levels of Three-Times Ionized Krypton (Kr IV)." Atoms 9, no. 3 (July 23, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9030048.

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A capillary pulsed-discharge and a theta-pinch were used to record Kr spectra in the region of 330–4800 Å. A set of 168 transitions of these spectra were classified for the first time. We extended the analysis to twenty-five new energy levels belonging to 3s23p24d, 3s23p25d even configurations. We calculated weighted transition probabilities (gA) for all of the experimentally observed lines and lifetimes for new energy levels using a relativistic Hartree–Fock method, including core-polarization effects.

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20

Gostelow, J. P., and G. J. Walker. "Similarity Behavior in Transitional Boundary Layers Over a Range of Adverse Pressure Gradients and Turbulence Levels." Journal of Turbomachinery 113, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929125.

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Boundary layer transition has been investigated experimentally under low, moderate, and high free-stream turbulence levels and varying adverse pressure gradients. Under high turbulence levels and adverse pressure gradients a pronounced subtransition was present. A strong degree of similarity in intermittency distributions was observed, for all conditions, when the Narasimha procedure for determination of transition inception was used. Effects of free-stream turbulence on the velocity profile are particularly strong for the laminar boundary layer upstream of the transition region. This could reflect the influence of the turbulence on the shear stress distribution throughout the layer and this matter needs further attention. The velocity profiles in wall coordinates undershoot the turbulent wall layer asymptote near the wall over most of the transition region. The rapidity with which transition occurs under adverse pressure gradients produces strong lag effects on the velocity profile; the starting turbulent boundary layer velocity profile may depart significantly from local equilibrium conditions. The practice of deriving integral properties and skin friction for transitional boundary layers by a linear combination of laminar and turbulent values for equilibrium layers is inconsistent with the observed lag effects. The velocity profile responds sufficiently slowly to the perturbation imposed by transition that much of the anticipated drop in form factor will not have occurred prior to the completion of transition. This calls into question both experimental techniques, which rely on measured form factor to characterize transition, and boundary layer calculations, which rely on local equilibrium assumptions in the vicinity of transition.

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21

Fischer, C. Froese, and Xinghong He. "Transition energies and transition rates for the 2p4(3P)3p - 2p4(3P)3d transitions in Ne II." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-013.

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Theoretical transition rates for 2p4(3P)3p - 2p4(3P)3d transitions in Ne II are reported from multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculations with Breit-Pauli corrections and multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations with Breit corrections. Because the even parity states have many close-lying energy levels, interaction between terms is strong in some cases. An analysis of the data is presented.PACS Nos.: 31.25Jf, 32.30Jc, 32.70Cs

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22

Arutyunyan, Rafael V., Alexander D. Vasiliev, Yuri N. Obukhov, and Alexander V. Osadchy. "Metastable One-Electron Excited States of Charged Fullerenes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (December 31, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5864604.

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We study the spontaneous emission processes for the quantum transitions between electron states of a charged C60 fullerene. Lifetimes for the transitions between the volume-localized electron levels and the surface-localized electron levels are evaluated and compared with the transitions between two surface-localized electron levels. We find the lifetimes by computing the transition dipole moments on the basis of the numeric calculations of the three-dimensional electron wave functions of a charged fullerene by making use of the density functional theory method implemented in the QuantumEspresso package. We show that the lifetime of a volume-localized level is of order of 1 μs for a transition energy of about 5 eV. This suggests to consider the possibility of using charged fullerenes for generating short-wavelength radiation, including coherent radiation in this range.

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23

Nikitin, Jana, and Alexandra M. Freund. "Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition." Swiss Journal of Psychology 76, no. 4 (September 2017): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000201.

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Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

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24

Akasofu, Syun-Ichi. "Paradigms and Four Levels of Scientific Controversies." Journal of Research in Philosophy and History 4, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jrph.v4n2p21.

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A paradigm transition or change is essential in the development of science. During the transition, there are intense debates and controversies among scientists. In this paper, we attempt to analyze controversies in four levels and also three types of researchers.

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25

Scott, Adam D., Dawn M. King, Stephen W. Ordway, and Sonya Bahar. "Phase transitions in evolutionary dynamics." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 12 (December 2022): 122101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124274.

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Sharp changes in state, such as transitions from survival to extinction, are hallmarks of evolutionary dynamics in biological systems. These transitions can be explored using the techniques of statistical physics and the physics of nonlinear and complex systems. For example, a survival-to-extinction transition can be characterized as a non-equilibrium phase transition to an absorbing state. Here, we review the literature on phase transitions in evolutionary dynamics. We discuss directed percolation transitions in cellular automata and evolutionary models, and models that diverge from the directed percolation universality class. We explore in detail an example of an absorbing phase transition in an agent-based model of evolutionary dynamics, including previously unpublished data demonstrating similarity to, but also divergence from, directed percolation, as well as evidence for phase transition behavior at multiple levels of the model system's evolutionary structure. We discuss phase transition models of the error catastrophe in RNA virus dynamics and phase transition models for transition from chemistry to biochemistry, i.e., the origin of life. We conclude with a review of phase transition dynamics in models of natural selection, discuss the possible role of phase transitions in unraveling fundamental unresolved questions regarding multilevel selection and the major evolutionary transitions, and assess the future outlook for phase transitions in the investigation of evolutionary dynamics.

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26

Tersoff, J. "‘‘Pinning’’ of energy levels of transition-metal impurities." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 5, no. 4 (July 1987): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.583715.

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27

Fatma El-Sayed and Z. S. Matar. "Energy Levels and Transition Rates for Ti XIV." Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 16, no. 6 (November 2019): 713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1547477119060451.

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28

Biémont, E., and J. E. Hansen. "Energy levels and transition probabilities in 3dand 3d9configurations." Physica Scripta 39, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/39/3/005.

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29

Xia, X., and J. J. Quinn. "Transition energies ofD−levels in quantum-well structures." Physical Review B 46, no. 19 (November 15, 1992): 12530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.46.12530.

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30

Song-Quan, Shang, Wu Xin-xin, Yao Shu-tong, Xie Lin-zhen, and Wang Yi-qiu. "Microwave transition between "clock levels" of Cs beam." Chinese Physics Letters 2, no. 12 (December 1985): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/2/12/008.

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31

Woods, Nancy F., Molly C. Carr, Eunice Y. Tao, Heather J. Taylor, and Ellen S. Mitchell. "Increased urinary cortisol levels during the menopause transition." Menopause 13, no. 2 (March 2006): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.gme.0000198490.57242.2e.

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32

García, Gustavo, and José Campos. "Transition probabilities for triplet levels of Sr(I)." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 39, no. 6 (June 1988): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(88)90093-3.

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33

García, Gustavo, and José Campos. "Transition probabilities for triplet levels of Ba(I)." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 42, no. 6 (December 1989): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(89)90048-4.

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34

Shamaly, John J., and Victor F. Bunze. "I-Line to DUV transition for critical levels." Microelectronic Engineering 30, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9317(95)00201-4.

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35

Vay, Laura, Esther Hernández-SanMiguel, Carmen D. Lobatón, Alfredo Moreno, Mayte Montero, and Javier Alvarez. "Mitochondrial free [Ca2+] levels and the permeability transition." Cell Calcium 45, no. 3 (March 2009): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceca.2008.10.007.

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36

Li, W., A. M. Amarsi, A. Papoulia, J. Ekman, and P. Jönsson. "Extended theoretical transition data in C i–iv." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 3780–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab214.

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ABSTRACT Accurate atomic data are essential for opacity calculations and for abundance analyses of the Sun and other stars. The aim of this work is to provide accurate and extensive results of energy levels and transition data for C i–iv. The Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods were used in this work. To improve the quality of the wavefunctions and reduce the relative differences between length and velocity forms for transition data involving high Rydberg states, alternative computational strategies were employed by imposing restrictions on the electron substitutions when constructing the orbital basis for each atom and ion. Transition data, for example, weighted oscillator strengths and transition probabilities, are given for radiative electric dipole (E1) transitions involving levels up to 1s22s22p6s for C i, up to 1s22s27f for C ii, up to 1s22s7f for C iii, and up to 1s28g for C iv. Using the difference between the transition rates in length and velocity gauges as an internal validation, the average uncertainties of all presented E1 transitions are estimated to be 8.05 per cent, 7.20 per cent, 1.77 per cent, and 0.28 per cent, respectively, for C i–iv. Extensive comparisons with available experimental and theoretical results are performed and good agreement is observed for most of the transitions. In addition, the C i data were employed in a re-analysis of the solar carbon abundance. The new transition data give a line-by-line dispersion similar to the one obtained when using transition data that are typically used in stellar spectroscopic applications today.

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37

Singh, Jagjit, Sunny Aggarwal, A. K. Singh, and Man Mohan. "Breit–Pauli atomic structure calculations for sulphur-like titanium." Canadian Journal of Physics 90, no. 9 (September 2012): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p2012-074.

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Configuration interaction calculation has been performed for excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities of 114 fine-structure levels of sulphur-like titanium. The relativistic effects are included in Breit–Pauli approximation by adding mass-correction, Darwin, and spin–orbit interaction terms to the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian. We have adjusted the diagonal elements of Hamiltonian matrices (fine-tuning) before the calculation of oscillator strength and transition probabilities for the electric dipole allowed transitions. Our calculated data are in close agreement with data listed in National Institute of Standards and Technology and other available results. Correct identification of some of the levels become very difficult because of strong mixing among several fine-structure levels. We predict new energy levels, oscillator strength, and transition probability data, where no other theoretical or experimental results are available, which will form the basis for future experimental work.

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38

Öztürk, İ. K., G. Çelik, Y. Gökçe, B. Atalay, F. Güzelçimen, A. Er, G. Başar, and S. Kröger. "Transition probabilities of neutral scandium." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 11 (November 2014): 1425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0048.

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The electric dipole transition probabilities and the oscillator strengths of neutral scandium have been calculated using the quantum defect orbital theory and the Cowan code for the 3d4s2–3d4s4p, 3d24s–3d24p, and 3d4s2–4s24p transitions. In addition, a parametric analysis of the fine structure for the 3d4s2configuration of even parity is performed using Cowan code. The transition probabilities and the oscillator strengths obtained in this work are mostly in agreement with the data obtained from different theoretical works given in the literature. Moreover, transition probabilities for 24 levels of neutral scandium are given for the first time.

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39

Melnikov, Sergei P., and Anatolii A. Sinyanskii. "Ultimate efficiency of nuclear-pumped gas lasers." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 4 (December 1993): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460000639x.

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We suggest several cascade lasing schemes: (1) cascade of laser transitions between atom (ion) excited levels when the lower laser level of one laser transition is simultaneously the upper laser level of another transition located below; (2) successive lasing, first, on ion transitions, then after ion recombination on atom transitions; (3) while using multicomponent mixtures, successive lasing on atoms (ions) of separate components. These possibilities are discussed in terms of specific lasers, some of which have been studied experimentally.

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Çelik, G., Ş. Ateş, and G. Tekeli. "Electric dipole transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, and lifetimes for Co16+." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 1 (January 2016): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0414.

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The electric dipole transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, and lifetimes for Co16+ have been calculated within the weakest bound electron potential model (WBEPM) theory using experimental energy levels and theoretical expectation values of orbital radii corresponding to those energy levels under the assumption of the LS coupling scheme. In the calculations both multiplet and fine structure transitions are studied. The present results are consistent with earlier results given in the literature. Moreover, some transition probability and oscillator strength values not existing in the literature are reported for the first time.

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Syme, Anna-Maree, and Laura K. McKemmish. "Experimental energy levels of 12C14N through marvel analysis." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499, no. 1 (September 12, 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2791.

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ABSTRACT The cyano radical (CN) is a key molecule across many different factions of astronomy and chemistry. Accurate, empirical rovibronic energy levels with uncertainties are determined for eight doublet states of CN using the marvel (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) algorithm. 40 333 transitions were validated from 22 different published sources to generate 8083 spin-rovibronic energy levels. The empirical energy levels obtained from the marvel analysis are compared to current energy levels from the mollist line list. The mollist transition frequencies are updated with marvel energy level data which brings the frequencies obtained through experimental data up to 77.3 per cent from the original 11.3 per cent, with 92.6 per cent of the transitions with intensities over 10−23 cm molecule−1 at 1000 K now known from experimental data. At 2000 K, 100.0 per cent of the partition function is recovered using only marvel energy levels, while 98.2 per cent is still recovered at 5000 K.

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De Miranda-Ribeiro, Adriana, and Ricardo Alexandrino Garcia. "Transition or transitions? Analyzing the fertility decline in Brazil in the light of educational levels." Revista Latinoamericana de Población 7, no. 13 (December 20, 2013): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31406/relap2013.v7.i2.n13.4.

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In Brazil, the reproductive behavior is differentiated according to educational level. The main objective of this article is to analyze fertility differentials by educational level in order to seek characteristics that determine the particular stage of the demographic transition of each educational group. The study will focus on the analysis of fertility level (tfr), parity composition, mean age of childbearing and tempo effect (bf Model). Data come from the Brazilian Demographic Censuses (1980 to 2010). Brazil seems to be completing the (first) demographic transition: fertility is below the replacement level, the mac is starting to increase and the percentage of higher order births is decreasing. Because of the great social inequality, one can identify groups in distinct stages of the transition. Regarding fertility, highly educated women are facing the sdt, while the lesser educated are facing the ftd.

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Jacobson, Melanie H., Penelope P. Howards, James S. Kesner, Juliana W. Meadows, Celia E. Dominguez, Jessica B. Spencer, Lyndsey A. Darrow, Metrecia L. Terrell, and Michele Marcus. "Hormonal Profiles of Menstrual Bleeding Patterns During the Luteal-Follicular Transition." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): e2024-e2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa099.

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Abstract Context Menstrual cycle function is determined by a complex endocrine axis that controls the ovaries and endometrium. While the late luteal phase is characterized by declining progesterone and estrogen, how these hormonal profiles relate to menstrual bleeding patterns is not well understood. Objective Characterize associations between luteal phase hormonal profiles and subsequent menstrual bleeding patterns, specifically spotting before bleeding. Design, Setting, and Participants We examined creatinine-adjusted urinary estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) levels in relation to spotting in 116 premenopausal women (ages 20–47) who kept daily menstrual diaries and collected first morning urine samples for ≥ 2 consecutive cycles or 1 luteal-follicular transition (n = 283 transitions). We used linear mixed models to estimate associations between luteal phase hormone levels and spotting before bleeding. Main Outcome Measure(s) and Results Transitions with ≥ 1 days of spotting before menstrual bleeding (n = 118) had greater luteal phase Pd3G levels vs nonspotting transitions (n = 165). Differences in Pd3G between spotting and nonspotting transitions were largest at menses onset (34.8%, 95% confidence interval, 18.9%, 52.7%). Pd3G levels for spotting transitions dropped to similar levels as nonspotting transitions an average of 1 day later, which aligned with the first day of bleeding for transitions with contiguous spotting. Spotting transitions were preceded by slower rates of Pd3G decline than nonspotting transitions, whereas E13G declines were similar. Conclusions Self-reported bleeding patterns may provide insight into luteal phase Pd3G levels. First bleed appears to be the best choice for defining the end of the luteal phase and achieving hormonal consistency across transitions.

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Jin, Wei-Guo, Hiroaki Ono, and Tatsuya Minowa. "Isotope Shifts in High Lying Levels of Dy I and Er I by High-Resolution UV Laser Spectroscopy." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2011 (November 29, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/578374.

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High-resolution atomic-beam ultraviolet (UV) laser spectroscopy in Dy I and Er I has been performed. Isotope shifts have been measured for two transitions in Dy I and one transition in Er I. Specific mass shifts and field shifts have been derived for the studied transitions, and large differences between the two – transitions in Dy I have been found. From the derived specific mass shifts and field shifts, configuration mixing at the upper levels of transitions has been discussed.

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Shenk, Mary K., Ryan O. Begley, David A. Nolin, and Andrew Swiatek. "When does matriliny fail? The frequencies and causes of transitions to and from matriliny estimated from a de novo coding of a cross-cultural sample." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1780 (July 15, 2019): 20190006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0006.

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The question of when and why societies have transitioned away from matriliny to other types of kinship systems—and when and why they transition towards matriliny—has a long history in anthropology, one that is heavily engaged with both evolutionary theory and cross-cultural research methods. This article presents tabulations from a new coding of ethnographic documents from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS), tallying claims of transitions in kinship systems both away from and to matriliny using various levels of stringency. We then use our counts as the outcome variables in a set of Bayesian analyses that simultaneously estimate the probability of a transition occurring given societal covariates alongside the conditional probability of detecting a transition given the volume of ethnographic data available to code. Our goal is to estimate the cross-cultural and comparative frequency of transitions away from and to matriliny, as well as to explore potential causes underlying these patterns. We find that transitions away from matriliny have been significantly more common than ‘reverse transitions' to matriliny. Our evidence suggests that both rates may be, in part, an artefact of the colonial and globalizing period during which the data comprising much of the current ethnographic record were recorded. Analyses of the correlates of transitions away from matriliny are consistent with several of the key causal arguments made by anthropologists over the past century, especially with respect to subsistence transition (to pastoralism, intensive agriculture and market economies), social complexity and colonialism, highlighting the importance of ecological factors in such transitions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.

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Moilanen, Kristin L., Daniel S. Shaw, and Kari L. Maxwell. "Developmental cascades: Externalizing, internalizing, and academic competence from middle childhood to early adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 3 (June 24, 2010): 635–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000337.

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AbstractThe current study was initiated to increase understanding of developmental cascades in childhood in a sample of at-risk boys (N= 291; 52% White). Mothers, teachers, and boys reported on boys' externalizing problems, internalizing difficulties, and academic competence. Consistent with hypotheses regarding school-related transitions, high levels of externalizing problems were associated with both low levels of academic competence and high levels of internalizing problems during the early school-age period, and with elevations in internalizing problems during the transition to adolescence. Low levels of academic competence were associated with high levels of internalizing problems in middle childhood, and with high levels of externalizing problems during the transition from elementary school to middle school. Shared risk factors played a minimal role in these developmental cascades. Results suggest that there are cascading effects of externalizing problems and academic competence in childhood and early adolescence, and that some cascading effects are more likely to occur during periods of school-related transitions. Implications of developmental cascade effects for research and intervention are discussed.

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Karaçoban, Betül, and Leyla Özdemir. "Transition Parameters for Doubly Ionized Lanthanum." Journal of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 2012 (September 27, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/246105.

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The transition parameters such as the wavelengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities (or rates) for the nd (n=5−9)−nf (n=4−8), nd (n=5−9)−np (n=6−9), np (n=6−9)−ns (n=6−10), and ng (n=5−8)−nf (n=4−8) electric dipole (E1) transitions of doubly ionized lanthanum (La III, Z=57) have been calculated using the relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) method. In this method, configuration interaction and relativistic effects have been included in the computations combined with a least squares fitting of the Hamiltonian eigenvalues to the observed energy levels. We have compared the results obtained from this work with the previously available calculations and experiments in literature. We have also reported new transitions with the weighted transition probabilities greater than or equal to 105.

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Karaçoban Usta, Betül, and Sevda Doğan. "Energies, Landé g-factors, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities in Cs-like Pr V." Canadian Journal of Physics 93, no. 12 (December 2015): 1439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0308.

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We have calculated relativistic energies and Landé g-factors for the levels of 5p6nf (n = 4–30), 5p6np (n = 6–30), 5p6nd (n = 5–30), 5p6ng (n = 5–30) and 5p6ns (n = 6–30) configurations and the transition parameters, such as wavelengths, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities (or rates), for the electric dipole (E1) transitions between these levels in quadruply ionized praseodymium (Pr V, Z = 59) by using the relativistic Hartree–Fock method. We have compared the results with available calculations and experiments in the literature.

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Sun, Yan, CuiCui Sang, KaiKai Li, XinYu Qian, Feng Hu, DongDong Liu, and BingCong Gou. "Energy levels and radiative transitions of the K-shell excited sextet states in boron-like sulfur ion." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 10 (October 2016): 1054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2016-0317.

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Theoretical calculations are reported for energy levels and transition probabilities of the K-shell excited sextet series 6Se,o(m) and 6Po,e(m) (m = 1–7) for the astrophysically important element sulfur. Energy levels, fine structure splittings, and transition parameters of the high-lying sextet series 6Se,o(m) and 6Po,e(m) (m = 1–7) in boron-like sulfur ion are calculated with the multi-configuration Rayleigh–Ritz variation method. To obtain the accurate energy level, the relativistic corrections and mass polarization effect are included by using the first-order perturbation theory. Configuration structures of these sextet series are assigned according to the energies, percentage contributions of basis states to the eigenvector, relativistic effect corrections, and verification of fine structure splittings. The oscillator strengths, transition probabilities, and wavelengths of electric-dipole transitions between 6So,e(m) and 6Pe,o(m) (m = 1–7) states are also systematically calculated and discussed.

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Latouche, Guy, and P. G. Taylor. "Level phase independence for GI/M/1-type Markov chains." Journal of Applied Probability 37, no. 4 (December 2000): 984–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1014843078.

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GI/M/1-type Markov chains make up a class of two-dimensional Markov chains. One dimension is usually called the level, and the other is often called the phase. Transitions from states in level k are restricted to states in levels less than or equal to k+1. For given transition probabilities in the interior of the state space, we show that it is always possible to define the boundary transition probabilities in such a way that the level and phase are independent under the stationary distribution. We motivate our analysis by first considering the quasi-birth-and-death process special case in which transitions from any state are restricted to states in the same, or adjacent, levels.

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