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Academic literature on the topic 'Transition levels'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transition levels"

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palevskaya, Svetlana, and Altynaykassymzhanova. "Are Obesity Levels Increasing in the “Transition Countries?”." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 2574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201364.

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Aggarwal, Sunny, Nupur Verma, A. K. Singh, Narendra Singh, Rinku Sharma, and Man Mohan. "Multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock energy levels and radiative rates for Ni XXI." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 11 (November 2014): 1285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0454.

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We present accurate atomic structure calculations for the lowest 200 fine structural energy levels for oxygen-like nickel, which may be a useful ion for both astrophysical and fusion plasmas. For the calculations of energy levels and radiative rates, we have used the multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock method. Our results are compared with those obtained using other numerical methods and experiments so that their accuracy can be assessed. The transition wavelengths, oscillator strengths, and radiative rates are reported for electric dipole (E1) transitions from the ground state. We have also presented the transition probabilities and transition wavelength of some forbidden transitions. Finally, we predict new energy levels, oscillator strengths, and transition probability data, where no other theoretical or experimental results are available, which may be useful for future experimental work.
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El-Sayed, Fatma. "Energy levels and transition probabilities for transitions in Zr XXXV." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 255 (November 2020): 107237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107237.

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Třísková, L., V. Truhlík, J. Šmilauer, and Yu A. Shultchishin. "Comparison of and transition levels." Advances in Space Research 22, no. 6 (January 1998): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(98)00119-7.

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Rynkun, P., S. Banerjee, G. Gaigalas, M. Tanaka, L. Radžiūtė, and D. Kato. "Theoretical investigation of energy levels and transition for Ce IV." Astronomy & Astrophysics 658 (February 2022): A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141513.

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Aims. We present extensive energy level and transition data for the Ce IV spectrum. By providing accurate atomic data, we evaluate the impact of atomic data on the opacity in the neutron star merger ejecta. Methods. We performed energy spectra and transition data calculations using the GRASP2018 package, which is based on the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods, and the HULLAC code, which is based on a parametric potential method. Results. We present energy spectra calculated for the 225 levels for the Ce3+ ion. Energy levels are compared with recommended values from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and other available works. The root-mean-square (rms) deviations obtained for the GRASP2018 energy levels of the 5p6nl configurations from the NIST data are 1270 cm−1. The rms deviations for the HULLAC results from the NIST data are 5780 cm−1. Furthermore, electric dipole (E1) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above levels. The computed transition rates are compared with other theoretical computations. We also evaluate the accuracy of the wave functions and transition parameters by analyzing the dependencies of the line strength S on the gauge parameter G. The gauge dependency method also allows us to determine the transitions for which the ratio between the Babushkin and Coulomb gauges shows real agreement between forms and the transitions for which the agreement between both gauges is random. Using the GRASP2018 and HULLAC data, the opacities in the neutron star merger ejecta are also calculated. We find that the opacity of Ce IV is higher than that presented by previous works, which is because of the higher completeness of our atomic data. Although the differences in the energy levels and transition probabilities cause different features in the opacity spectrum, the Planck mean opacities of both data sets agree within 20%.
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El-Sayed, Fatma. "Energy levels, wavelengths, and transition probabilities for transitions in Pd XLII." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 254 (October 2020): 107204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107204.

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Dzierżęga, Krzysztof, Ulf Griesmann, Gillian Nave, and Łukasz Bratasz. "Absolute Transition Rates for Transitions from 5p Levels in Kr II." Physica Scripta 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.063a00209.

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WERNER, GERHARD. "ON CRITICAL STATE TRANSITIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEVELS IN NEURAL SYSTEMS." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 05, no. 01 (March 2009): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005709001222.

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The framework of "Modern Theory of Critical State Transitions"1,2 considers the relation between different levels of organization in complex systems in terms of critical state transitions. A state transition between levels entails changes of scale of observables and, concurrently, new formats of description at reduced dimensionality. It is suggested that this principle can be applied to the hierarchic structure of the nervous system, whereby the relations between different levels of its functional organization can be viewed as successions of state transitions: upon state transition, the 'lower' level presents to the 'higher' level an abstraction of itself, at reduced dimensionality and at a coarser scale. The re-scaling in the state transitions is associated with new objects of description, displays new properties and obeys new laws, commensurate to the new scale. To illustrate this process, some aspects of the neural events thought to be associated with cognition and consciousness are discussed. However, the intent is also more general in that state transitions between all levels of organization are proposed as the mechanisms by which successively higher levels of organization "emerge" from lower levels.
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Rynkun, P., G. Gaigalas, and P. Jönsson. "Theoretical studies of energy levels and transition data for Zr III." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937243.

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Aims. We seek to present accurate and extensive transition data for the Zr III ion. These data are useful in many astrophysical applications. Methods. We used the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) methods, which are implemented in the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package GRASP2018. The transverse-photon (Breit) interaction, vacuum polarization, and self-energy corrections are included in the RCI computations. Results. Energy spectra were calculated for the 88 lowest states in the Zr III ion. The root-mean-square deviation obtained in this study for computed energy spectra from the experimental data is 450 cm−1. Electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), and electric quadrupole (E2) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above states together with the corresponding lifetimes. The computed transition rates are smaller than the experimental rates and the disagreement for weaker transitions is much larger than the experimental error bars. The computed lifetimes agree with available experimental values within the experimental uncertainties.
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Kochan, Andrzej, Emilia Koper, Przemysław Ilczuk, and Łukasz Gruba. "Transitions in ERTMS/ETCS system." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 121 (June 1, 2018): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4575.

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The article concerns the issue of transition in ERTMS/ETCS system. The document discusses the selection and distribution of balises relevant for transition. The possibilities and limitations resulting from the selected configuration of the system in the scope of balises are presented. General principles of transition execution were also presented and a unified description of transitions between ERTMS/ETCS levels was proposed. The article describes balis groups important from the point of view of transition and telegrams exchanged in the process of transition. The selected example shows a description of transitions, including specified functional steps, their variants and an analysis of hazards for particular stages. The article highlights the complexity of the transition process and the fact that the issue of transition between the levels of ERTMS/ETCS system will be a real challenge for the railway industry in the upcoming years.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transition levels"

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Maroha, Emile. "Relativistic and no-relativistic energy levels, oscillator strengths, lifetimes and transition probabilities for S III." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2014. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1593.

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Energy levels, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for dipole-allowed transitions among levels of the terms belonging to the 3s23p2, 3s3p3, 3s23p3d, 3s23p4s, 3s23p4p, 3s23p4d, and 3s23p5s configurations of S in are calculated using the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) method. The relativistic effects are incorporated through mass, Darwin, spin-orbit, and spin-other-orbit operators in the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian in our calculations of the energy levels, oscillator strengths, transition probabilities and lifetimes for all fine-structure levels belonging to these configurations. The present results are compared with other available calculations and measurements. These data provide a powerful tool to study the composition, structure, dynamics and energetics of atmospheres of the Io-torus-Jupiter system and other astrophysical objects.
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Hall, Ralph Stephen. "Photocapacitance studies of transition metal related deep levels in III-V and II-VI semiconducters." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329476.

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Forsberg, Jonas. "Energy transition in transportation : Applying TIMES-based energy system optimisation models to sub-national levels." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83534.

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Transportation is embedded in the fabric of society and a key enabler of socio-economic development, but it is also a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) and local air pollution (AP). Cities collectively account for around three quarters of total energy-related CO2 emissions, and the negative health impacts from local APs are most felt in dense urban environments. Thus, transitioning away from current fossil fuel regime in urban transportation is necessary to address both global and local challenges. Mathematical models as energy system optimisation models (ESOMs) are commonly applied to explore contrasting energy futures and to provide insights on how the energy system (or specific sub-sectors) may evolve under different conditions. However, ‘typical’ national level models are not fully adapted to capture the characteristics of local (city) transportation, and previous city-level ESOM based analyses have focused on decarbonisation of local energy systems, thus omitting other local policy considerations as e.g. air quality, and several studies excluded transportation altogether.  In this thesis, a generic city-level ESOM framework (TIMES-City) was further adapted and used to provide policy-relevant insights on the anticipated energy transition of the local transport sector. The underlying work rests on a systems analysis approach, building on careful consideration of the overall system performance and boundaries, understanding of specific system characteristics, and challenges and opportunities facing local ‘system managers’; this has implications for model representation and for quantitative and qualitative modelling assumptions. Further, availability and quality of local transport, energy and emission data needed to calibrate models poses significant challenges, and considerable effort was also put on producing projections for future transport demand (a key model input), using lessons and input data from traditional transport demand models. These considerations were addressed in Paper I.  The model was then applied to two different cases (in Sweden) to explore potential conflicts and co-benefits between ambitious climate targets and deep cuts in APs (Paper II), and to assess the roles of local and regional governments in CO2 mitigation when also considering ambitious national-scale policies (Paper III). The results of Paper II indicate that substituting fossil fuels for biofuels in conventional vehicles is the least-cost decarbonisation pathway, however this produces only minor or even negative benefits to air quality. While, zero-emission vehicles cut all local tail-pipe emissions, but their total impact on climate change mitigation is determined by upstream impacts from the conversion and distribution of energy carriers. Thus, ensuring low levels of total CO2 and APs from transportation calls for re-coupling of the local and global responsibilities and motivations into comprehensive mitigation strategies. The results of Paper III indicate that current Swedish national mitigation measures will drive down CO2 emissions in transportation considerably, but biofuel availability and BEV (battery electric vehicles) costs are critical for the rate and extent of the transition, while locally and regionally determined measures to enable shifts (from car) to active travelling, public transportation and home-based work have a much more limited direct impact. Nonetheless, these measures, along with city investments in BEVs and charging infrastructure which pave the way also for residents and local businesses, can help to reduce overall energy intensity of the transport sector, thus slowing down growth in fuel demand and contribute to reaching ambitious climate targets with limited renewable resources (as e.g. biofuels). The two studies (Papers II and III) illustrate the usefulness of applying comprehensive ESOMs also at sub-national levels, providing insights on both global and local sustainability implications as well as deeper understanding of the roles of local and regional decision-makers in enabling and supporting low-carbon transitions in transportation.
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Ebem, Zeynep. "Health Promoting Behaviors And Exercise Stages Of Change Levels Of University Students At Transition To University." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608828/index.pdf.

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The purposes of this study were to examine (a) health promoting behaviors, (b) physical activity levels, (c) exercise stages of change levels, and (d) exercise preferences of students who had just entered the university by gender and residence. Participants were 438 students from Middle East Technical University (METU) English Preparatory school. Adolescent Health Promotion Scale (AHPS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Physical Activity Stages of Change Questionnaire (PASCQ), and Physical Activity Preferences Check-list were used for the data collection. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric statistical methods (Mann Whitney U test, Pearson chi-square test), and a one-way MANOVA were used for the data analysis. According to AHPS results, female students&
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health promoting behaviors were better than those of male students except exercise behavior. Students living at home had higher scores on nutrition behavior and students living in dormitory had higher scores on stress management behavior (p <
.05). According to the IPAQ results, male students were more physically active than female counterparts. Students who were living in dormitory had higher physical activity levels than students living at home (p <
.05). PASCQ findings indicated no significant differences on the exercise stages of change levels by gender and residence (p >
.05). In general, students were at pre-contemplation 9.2%, contemplation 39.3%, preparation 27.8%, action 14.5%, and maintenance 9.2% stages. Swimming, walking, and table tennis were the three most frequently preferred physical activities. In conclusion, female students had better health promoting behaviors than those of male students except exercise behavior. Female students and students living at home were more at risk of inactivity. Approximately 80% of the METU English Preparatory school students&
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physical activity levels were not satisfactory for a healthy life. University physical activity facilities, extracurricular programs and the courses should be reconsidered to support the health promoting behaviors of these students.
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Knott, Linda D. "Secondary special education teachers' perceived levels of knowledge, involvement & importance of transition planning & delivery competencies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37976.

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The current study assessed perceived s of knowledge, involvement, and importance of transition planning and service delivery among secondary special education teachers in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Relationships were also explored between these levels and years of experience teaching students with special needs, category of students taught 1 highest degree earned, and contact hours training from in-service, coursework, and conferences in transition. A survey instrument was mailed to secondary special education teachers in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Ninety-two percent of the 236 survey recipients responded to the survey. Data from the survey included descriptive information regarding: years experience teaching students with disabilities, category taught, highest degree, and contact hours in conferences , courses, and in-services in years 1993-94, 1994-95, 1995-96. Data from the survey also included respondents' levels of knowledge, involvement, and importance of transition planning and service delivery. Survey data were analyzed to reveal differences among descriptive data and levels of knowledge, involvement, and importance. Significant findings from the study indicate that secondary special education teachers in Virginia perceive their knowledge of transition planning and service delivery in the low to medium range, their involvement in transition in the low to medium range, and the importance of transition planning and service delivery in the medium to high range. Significant findings from the study also included the positive relationship between knowledge of transition planning and service delivery and courses taken over the three year period of 1993-1996, conference contact hours over the same three year period, and inservice contact hours. Additionally significant was the positive relationship between involvement in transition planning and service delivery and inservice contact hours 1993-1996, conference contact hours over the same three year period, and courses taken. The level of importance of transition planning and service delivery was not affected by training options. Implications for LEAs in Virginia, implications for personnel preparation, and directions for future research are discussed.
Ed. D.
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Ratynska, Julie. "Postnatal effects in fatherhood: A comparison of levels of perceived stress in Swedish and French new fathers." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106590.

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In modern society, the role of fathers in parenthood tends to be as considered as the role of mothers. Becoming parent can lead to some positive effects, but also to some negative ones, which may have serious consequences on both parents and on the child. The purpose of the present work was to investigate whether a difference of a specific postpartum effect with regard to levels of perceived stress could be noticed in Swedish and French men who just became fathers for the first time. In this study, we pointed out the stress in daily life and the stress related to the role as a parent. All participants (nSwedish = 20; nFrench = 31) were men who became fathers for the first time a year or less before the measurement of stress. A questionnaire was submitted online and the data were analyzed using t-tests in order to measure the differences between French and Swedish regarding stress and ANCOVAs in order to measure if age and duration of the relationship have an impact on stress level. The results showed that Swedish fathers have a significantly higher perceived stress level than French fathers. However, there is no effect of age and duration of the relationship on the results. Moreover, no differences were found with respect to fathers’ parenting stress level.
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Ramsden, Mark J. "From excess supply to low levels of surplus labour : the transition of Chile in the 1980s and 1990s." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367636.

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Vega, María del Carmen. "Levels And Patterns Of Violence During The Transition Into The Middle Horizon On The Central Coast Of Peru." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113558.

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This article examines the patterns and prevalence of trauma in 256 Late Lima individuals. is assemblage of human remains comes from the sites of Huaca 20 and Copacabana and was compared to 45 Middle Lima individuals from thesite of Cerro Culebra, as well as 30 individuals from the Middle Horizon 2 and 4 (Miramar). Other investigators have proposed that social and political changes during the transition into the Middle Horizon on the Central Coast of Perumight have caused an increase in episodes of violence in the local population. e results of this investigation, however, show that this transition witnessed a reduction in of non-lethal episodes of violence, especially for women, with occasional episodes of more violent and lethal clashes. is situation seems to have been maintained with the consolidation of Wari imperial presence (or inuence). ese observations for the Central Coast contrast heavily with those made for patterns of violence in the South Coast and Highlands during the same period. It is thus proposed that Wari presence in peripheral zones did not always trigger the same social consequences, possibly as the result of distinct political strategies of expansion utilized by the Wari state.
El presente artículo examina las prevalencias y patrones de los traumatismos de probable origen intencional presentes en 256 individuos Lima Tardío (Huaca 20 y Copacabana), comparando los resultados con los de 45 individuos Lima Medio (Cerro Culebra) y 30 individuos del Horizonte Medio 2 a 4 (Miramar), buscando dilucidar si los cambios políticos y sociales experimentados durante la transición al Horizonte Medio pudieron haber ocasionado un alza en los episodios de violencia vividos por las poblaciones locales.Los resultados de esta investigación indican que al parecer la introducción wari en la Costa Central signicó una disminución de los episodios de violencia no letal, especialmente para las mujeres, con ocasionales episodios de enfrentamientos más violentos que conllevaron a la muerte. Esta situación parece haberse mantenido una vez consolidada la presencia (o inuencia) imperial. Asimismo, se observó que los niveles y patrones de violencia durante la transición y consolidación wari en la Costa Central fueron distintos que los experimentados en la costa y sierra sur, deduciéndose a partir de esto que la presencia wari en las zonas periféricas no siempre desencadenó las mismas consecuencias sociales, obedeciendo posiblemente a las distintas estrategias políticas de expansión por parte de dicho estado.
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Yü, Ying-siu, and 余瑛韶. "Employee motivation and satisfaction in different organizational levels: a study of banking industry in HongKong in transition to 1997." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266927.

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Yü, Ying-siu. "Employee motivation and satisfaction in different organizational levels : a study of banking industry in Hong Kong in transition to 1997 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14724546.

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Books on the topic "Transition levels"

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Sekher, T. V. Fertility transition in Karnataka: Levels, trends, and implications. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2001.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. and Canadian Policy Research Networks, eds. From education to work: A difficult transition for young adults with low levels of education. Paris: OECD, 2005.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. and Canadian Policy Research Networks, eds. From education to work: A difficult transition for young adults with low levels of education. Paris: OECD, 2005.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.) and IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (37th : 2011 : Seattle, Wash.), eds. Carrier density and compensation in semiconductors with multi dopants and multi transition energy levels: The case of Cu impurity in CdTe : preprint. Golden, CO]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.

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Providing for consideration of the resolution (H. Res. 38) to reduce spending through a transition to non-security spending at fiscal year 2008 levels: Report (to accompany H. Res. 43). Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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United Nations Development Programme. Regional Bureau for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, ed. Rebuilding effective government: Local-level initiatives in transition. Bratislava, Slovakia: United Nations Development Programme, 2002.

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Neil, Hood, Kilis Robert, Vahlne Jan-Erik 1941-, and Micro-level Studies of the Transition in the Baltic States (1995 : Rīga, Latvia), eds. Transition in the Baltic States: Micro-level studies. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

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Transitions in molecular systems. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2010.

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ESL manual with transition for success in English [Level 2]. Orlando, Fla: Harcourt, 2002.

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United States. Employment and Training Administration. Office of Policy and Research, ed. Skills, standard and entry-level work: Elements of a strategy for youth employability development. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Office of Policy and Research, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transition levels"

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Bongaarts, John, and Dennis Hodgson. "Country Fertility Transition Patterns." In Fertility Transition in the Developing World, 15–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11840-1_2.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the fertility transitions of individual countries. Countries are the entities that make policy decisions and implement family planning programs. Each country has a special set of economic, political, social and cultural conditions that influence fertility trends and related policies. We describe levels and trends in fertility in 97 developing countries between 1950 and 2020. Measures related to successive phases of the transitions are provided, including pre-transitional fertility, the timing of the onset, the pace of fertility decline, the timing of the transition’s end and post-transitional fertility. A special section discusses countries that have experienced a “stall” in their fertility transition. Transition patterns varied widely among developing countries over the past seven decades. Countries such as Singapore, Mauritius, Korea, Taiwan, and China experienced early, rapid, and complete transitions. In contrast, transitions in all but one country (South Africa) in sub-Saharan Africa have been late and slow, and fertility today remains well above replacement. Among the 97 countries examined, only 42 have reached the end of the transition, which is defined as having reached a TFR below 2.5 in 2020. The majority of countries are still in transition, and some have barely started a fertility decline.
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Sewell, G. L. "Microscopic Derivation of Hydrodynamics with Phase Transition in a Plasma Model." In On Three Levels, 11–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2460-1_2.

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Tersoff, J. "“Pinning” of Transition-Metal Impurity Levels." In Properties of Impurity States in Superlattice Semiconductors, 189–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5553-3_15.

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Leamer, Edward E. "Access to Western markets, and Eastern effort levels." In Lessons from the Economic Transition, 503–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5368-3_30.

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Bongaarts, John, and Dennis Hodgson. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Fertility." In Fertility Transition in the Developing World, 51–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11840-1_4.

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AbstractThe fertility levels of developing countries correlate with many socio-economic variables including girls’ or women’s education, infant and child mortality, GDP/capita, and percent urban. To determine whether these correlations are causal or simply due to collinearity we rely on multivariate fixed effect regression analyses. The results identify women’s education as the most important determinant of fertility, which is consistent with past studies. Next, we examine the relationship between education and fertility over the course of transitions from 1960 and 2015 in individual developing countries. Instead of finding continuous relationships during the transitions, several puzzling anomalies appear. In the pre-transition phase, fertility is unresponsive to rising education resulting in delays in the onset of transition. Once a few countries in a region enter the transition, other countries follow sooner than expected and over time the onset of the transition occurs at ever lower levels of education. Moreover, once a transition is underway, fertility in many countries declines more rapidly than can plausibly be expected from rising education levels alone. To explain these anomalies, we rely on several concepts that have been neglected in conventional demographic theories: diffusion processes, social norms, and family planning programs.
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Rey, Emmanuel, Martine Laprise, and Sophie Lufkin. "Specific Skills and Adapted Support." In Neighbourhoods in Transition, 111–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82208-8_7.

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AbstractAlthough urban brownfields hold significant inherent potential, especially in limiting urban sprawl, a large number of sites are still awaiting a regeneration project. Moreover, many of these projects only partially or superficially address sustainability principles. Hence, concrete courses of action are required to support the evolution of current practices towards increased sustainability. These courses of action, which rely on specific skills and adapted supports, require a complementary approach. In other words, strategies should be conducted consistently at the territorial, metropolitan, and project levels. In this regard, the present chapter provides a series of courses of action to be implemented at these levels. Our aim here is to foster the sustainable transition of metropolitan areas, and more precisely brownfield sites, into lively neighbourhoods.
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Bongaarts, John, and Dennis Hodgson. "Transitions in Individual Reproductive Behavior and Preferences." In Fertility Transition in the Developing World, 29–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11840-1_3.

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AbstractPopulation-level fertility transitions are brought about by the actions of millions of individual women to limit and space childbearing. This chapter begins with an overview of levels and trends in contraception and abortion and their impact on fertility. Over the course of the fertility transition from near seven to two children per woman the proportion of women using contraception rises from near zero to about 75%. Despite this large increase in contraceptive prevalence, it falls short of the demand for contraception throughout the transition in all populations. The gap between use and demand implies that some women who want to avoid pregnancy are not using contraception. These women are considered to have an “unmet need” for contraception. This unmet need is caused by a number of obstacles women face in trying to implement their reproductive intentions. As a result, a large proportion of pregnancies end in unplanned births and abortions, especially in the later phases of the transition.
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Brown, J. A., J. D. Blacic, C. T. Aimone, and R. D. Dick. "Stress wave propagation and attenuation in sandstone at high strain levels." In The Brittle‐Ductile Transition in Rocks, 149–71. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm056p0149.

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Luo, Zundu, and Yidong Huang. "Energy Levels and Spectroscopic Properties of Transition Metal Ions." In Physics of Solid-State Laser Materials, 203–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9668-8_7.

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Murrell, Peter. "The Relative Levels and the Character of Institutional Development in Transition Economies." In Political Economy of Transition and Development, 41–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0439-9_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transition levels"

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Jonscher, Andrew K. "Nonexponential transition rates from deep levels." In Madras - DL tentative. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.56973.

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Stewart, Joseph Alexander, and Leslie Arthur. "ACADEMIC TRANSITION: KICKING A-LEVELS INTO TOUCH." In 21st International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. The Design Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35199/epde2019.9.

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Markova, S. V., and Gueorgii G. Petrash. "Resonance-to-metastable-levels transition Hg ion laser." In Second Conference on Pulsed Lasers: Pulsed Atomic and Molecular Transitions, edited by Victor F. Tarasenko, Georgy V. Mayer, and Gueorgii G. Petrash. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.216891.

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Dris, Antonis, and Mark W. Johnson. "Transition on Concave Surfaces." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53352.

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Boundary layer measurements have been made on the concave surfaces of two constant curvature blades using hot wire anemometry. All the current experiments were performed with negligible streamwise pressure gradient. Grids were used to produce a range of freestream turbulence levels between 1% and 4%. The freestream velocity increases with distance from a concave wall according to the free vortex condition making the determination of the boundary layer edge difficult. A flat plate equivalent boundary layer procedure was adopted therefore to overcome this problem. The Taylor-Goertler (T-G) vortices resulting from the concave curvature were found to make the laminar and turbulent boundary layer profiles fuller and to increase the skin friction coefficent by up to 40% compared with flat plate values. This leads to a more rapid growth in boundary layer thickness. The evolution in the intermittency through transition is very similar to that for a flat plate, however the shape factors are depressed slightly throughout the flow due to the fuller velocity profiles. For all the current experiments, curvature promoted transition. This was very marked at low freestream turbulence level but remained significant even at the highest levels. It appears that the velocity fluctuations associated with the T-G vortices enhance the freestream turbulence resulting in a higher effective turbulence level. A new empirical correlation for start of transition based on this premise is presented. The ratio of end to start of transition momentum thickness Reynolds numbers was found to be approximately constant.
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Guo, Shuxia. "Optical Transition Levels Related to Oxygen Vacancies in ZnO." In 2012 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics (SOPO 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sopo.2012.6270553.

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Johnson, Mark W. "A Bypass Transition Model for Boundary Layers." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-090.

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Experimental data for laminar boundary layers developing below a turbulent free stream shows that the fluctuation velocities within the boundary layer increase in amplitude until some critical level is reached which initiates transition. In the near wall region, a simple model, containing a single empirical parameter which depends only on the turbulence level and length scale, is derived to predict the development of the velocity fluctuations in laminar boundary layers with favourable, zero or adverse pressure gradients. A simple bypass transition model which considers the streamline distortion in the near wall region brought about by the velocity fluctuations suggests that transition will commence when the local turbulence level reaches approximately 23%. This value is consistent with experimental findings. This critical local turbulence level is used to derive a bypass transition prediction formula which compares reasonably with start of transition experimental data for a range of pressure gradients (λθ = −0.01 to 0.01) and turbulence levels (Tu = 0.2% to 5%). Further improvement to the model is proposed through prediction of the boundary layer distortion, which occurs due to Reynolds stresses generated within the boundary layer at high free stream turbulence levels and also through inclusion of the effect of turbulent length scale as well as turbulence level.
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Matsubara, Masaharu, P. Henrik Alfredsson, and K. Johan A. Westin. "Boundary Layer Transition at High Levels of Free Stream Turbulence." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-248.

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Transition to turbulence in laminar boundary layers subjected to high levels of free stream turbulence (FST) can still not be reliably predicted, despite its technical importance, e.g. in the case of boundary layers developing on gas turbine blades. In a series of experiments in the MTL-wind tunnel at KTH the influence of grid-generated FST on boundary layer transition has been studied, with FST-levels up to 6%. It was shown from both flow visualisation and hot-wire measurements that the boundary layer develops unsteady streaky structures with high and low streamwise velocity. This leads to large amplitude low frequency fluctuations inside the boundary layer although the mean flow is still close to the laminar profile. Breakdown to turbulence occurs through an instability of the streaks which leads to the formation of turbulent spots. Accurate physical modelling of these processes seems to be needed in order to obtain a reliable prediction method.
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Tawara, T., H. Omi, A. Najar, R. Kaji, S. Adachi, and H. Gotoh. "Optical transition between Stark levels in (ErSc)2O3 epitaxitial films." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2014.jw2a.56.

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Leitsmann, R., F. Chicker, Ph Planitz, C. Radehaus, U. Kretzer, M. Scheffer-Czygan, and S. Eichler. "Charge transition levels of boron and silicon impurities in GaAs." In 2011 Semiconductor Conference Dresden (SCD). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scd.2011.6068765.

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Sorvala, Aino, Esko Alasaarela, Hannu Sorvoja, and Risto Myllyla. "Activity classification using a state transition diagram and activity levels." In 2012 6th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismict.2012.6203031.

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Reports on the topic "Transition levels"

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Bolton, Laura. Transition to Federal Health and Education Governance. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.096.

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This report looks at transition from central to federal responsibilities for health and education in Nepal and Indonesia. Federalism is a complex process and it was outside of the scope of this review to investigate the extent to which it has been developed in these countries and the nature of its functioning. Challenges identified in the literature on transition to federalism and decentralisation include ensuring equitable distribution of finances and resources across states, slow transfer of power and lack of coordination between government levels, lack of capacity at local levels and incoherence in capacity building, ensuring continuity of medical supplies and continuity of health services during transition, and training local level health personnel in procurement. This report also notes some recommendation from experience on transition to decentralisation, including the need to put a clear legislative framework, to make a slowly phased transition is needed to allow for changes and adjustments, to consider conditional grants to ensure that health is not de-prioritised in a federal system.
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Morrison, Clyde A., Elizabeth D. Filer, Norman P. Barnes, and Gregory A. Turner. Theoretical Temperature-Dependent Branching Ratios and Laser Thresholds of the 5I(7)-5I(8) Transition Levels of Ho3(+) in Ten Garnets. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226664.

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Potts, Tavis, and Rebecca Ford. Leading from the front? Increasing Community Participation in a Just Transition to Net Zero in the North-East of Scotland. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/19722.

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n line with Scottish Net Zero targets and the national strategy for a Just Transition, the Northeast of Scotland is transforming towards a low carbon future with a number of high-profile industry and policy initiatives. With the region home to global energy companies and historical high levels of energy sector employment, the narrative on transition is predominantly framed within an industrial and technological context, including narratives on new opportunities in green jobs, green industrial development, technical innovation and new infrastructure to support energy transition. As the energy landscape shifts in the North-East of Scotland, the impacts will be felt most keenly in communities from shifts in employment to changes to local supply chains. It is important to note that Net Zero ambitions will also change the nature and structure of communities in the region, for those within a shifting oil and gas industry and those without. A just transition ensures that all voices are heard, engaged and included in the process of change, and that communities, including those who have benefited and those who have not, have a stake in determining the direction of travel of a changing society and economy of the North-east. As a result, there is a need for a community-oriented perspective to transition which discusses a range of values and perspectives, the opportunities and resources available for transition and how communities of place can support the process of change toward Net Zero. Social transformation is a key element of a just transition and community engagement, inclusion and participation is embedded in the principles laid down by the Just Transition Commission. Despite this high-level recognition of social justice and inclusion at the heart of transition, there has been little move to understand what a just transition means in the context of local communities in the NorthEast. This project aims to address this imbalance and promote the ability of communities to not only engage but to help steer net zero transitions. It seeks to uncover and build a stronger local consensus about the vision and pathways for civil society to progress a just transition in the Northeast of Scotland. The project aims to do this through bringing together civil society, academic, policy and business stakeholders across three interactive workshops to: 1. Empower NE communities to engage with the Just Transition agenda 2. Identify what are the key issues within a Just Transition and how they can be applied in the Northeast. 3. Directly support communities by providing training and resources to facilitate change by working in partnership. The project funding supported the delivery of three professionally facilitated online workshops that were held over 2021/22 (Figure 1). Workshop 1 explored the global principles within a just transition and how these could apply to the Scottish context. Workshop 2 examined different pathways and options for transition in the context of Northeast Scotland. Workshop 3, in partnership with NESCAN explored operational challenges and best practices with community participants. The outcomes from the three workshops are explored in detail.
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Ma, Yunxing, Julia Brettschneider, and Joanna Collingwood. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and tau levels in patients progressing from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0020.

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Review question / Objective: Reported levels of amyloid-beta and tau in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are evaluated to discover if these biochemical markers can predict the transition from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A systematic review and quantitative meta-analyses are performed to test relationships between three potential biomarkers in CSF (Aβ(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau181) and the evolution of AD in longitudinal evaluations of levels relative to baseline, using prior-published experimental data. The primary focus of the analysis is on the period describing the transition of a patient from MCI to AD, where it is critical to discover the main biomarker characteristics that differentiate patient outcomes for those who have a stable form of MCI, and those who progress to a confirmed diagnosis of AD. A secondary purpose of the review was to examine the status of iron in CSF as a function of disease status.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.

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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.
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Fu, Gongkang. Evaluation of Illinois Bridge Deterioration Models. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-029.

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The National Bridge Inventory bridge inspection system ranks the condition of bridge components on a scale of zero to nine. The resulting condition ratings represent an important element considered in deciding measures for bridge maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation. Thus, forecasting future condition ratings well is critical to reliable planning for these activities and estimating the costs. The Illinois Department of Transportation currently has deterministic models for this purpose. This study’s objective is to review the current models using condition rating histories gathered from 1980 to 2020 in Illinois for the following bridge components: deck, superstructure, substructure, culvert, and deck beam. The results show the current Illinois Department of Transportation models are inadequate in forecasting condition ratings, producing overestimates of the transition times between two condition rating levels for these components / systems, except for the deck beam, which is underestimated. It is recommended that the mean transition times found in this study from condition rating histories are used to replace the current models as a short-term solution. Further research is recommended to develop probabilistic models as a long-term solution to address observed significant variation or uncertainty in condition rating and transition times between condition rating levels.
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Parsons, Helen M., Hamdi I. Abdi, Victoria A. Nelson, Amy M. Claussen, Brittin L. Wagner, Karim T. Sadak, Peter B. Scal, Timothy J. Wilt, and Mary Butler. Transitions of Care From Pediatric to Adult Services for Children With Special Healthcare Needs. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer255.

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Objective. To understand the evidence base for care interventions, implementation strategies, and between-provider communication tools among children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) transitioning from pediatric to adult medical care services. Data sources. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, the Cochrane Central trials (CENTRAL) registry, and CINAHL to identify studies through September 10, 2021. We conducted grey literature searches to identify additional resources relevant to contextual questions. Review methods. Using a mixed-studies review approach, we searched for interventions or implementation strategies for transitioning CSHCN from pediatric to adult services. Two investigators screened abstracts and full-text articles of identified references for eligibility. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental observational studies, and mixed-method studies of CSHCN, their families, caregivers, or healthcare providers. We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies and grouped interventions into categories based on disease conditions. We summarized basic study characteristics for included studies and outcomes for studies assessed as low to medium risk of bias using RoB-2. Results. We identified 9,549 unique references, 440 of which represented empirical research; of these, 154 (16 major disease categories) described or examined a care transition intervention with enough detail to potentially be eligible for inclusion in any of the Key Questions. Of these, 96 studies met comparator criteria to undergo risk of bias assessment; however only 9 studies were assessed as low or medium risk of bias and included in our analytic set. Low-strength evidence shows transition clinics may not improve hemoglobin A1C levels either at 12 or 24 months in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with youth who received usual care. For all other interventions and outcomes, the evidence was insufficient to draw meaningful conclusions because the uncertainty of evidence was too high. Some approaches to addressing barriers include dedicating time and resources to support transition planning, developing a workforce trained to care for the needs of this population, and creating structured processes and tools to facilitate the transition process. No globally accepted definition for effective transition of care from pediatric to adult services for CSHCN exists; definitions are often drawn from principles for transitions, encompassing a broad set of clinical aspects and other factors that influence care outcomes or promote continuity of care. There is also no single measure or set of measures consistently used to evaluate effectiveness of transitions of care. The literature identifies a limited number of available training and other implementation strategies focused on specific clinical specialties in targeted settings. No eligible studies measured the effectiveness of providing linguistically and culturally competent healthcare for CSHCN. Identified transition care training, and care interventions to
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Prada, María Fernanda, Graciana Rucci, and Fabiola Saavedra. The Transition to Telework in Latin America and the Caribbean: Key Findings using LinkedIn data. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004738.

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The COVID-19 crisis generated a sudden need for businesses to start operating remotely, and for employees to work from home. In consequence, the use of telework increased rapidly in Latin America and the Caribbean as it did globally. However, differences on the severity of containment measures by country, access to internet, and particularities of each country's labor markets may have played a role in the divergence of trends across countries in the post-pandemic scenario. We use data from LinkedIn in 7 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, between January 2020 and April 2022, to shed some light on how telework evolved in a selection of countries in the region during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This note summarizes four findings associated with telework adoption and on the divergences in telework behavior across countries in the post-pandemic period. First, countries with more strict government containment measures experienced higher telework rates along 2020; second, telework adoption seems unrelated with countries' internet network coverage and internet network performance; third, telework adoption reflects the dynamics of the labor demand and was driven mostly by the professional services economic sector; and finally, it seems evident that telework will not return to its pre-pandemic levels and it is here to stay.
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Means, Barbara, and Julie Neisler. Suddenly Online: A National Survey of Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Digital Promise, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/98.

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Digital Promise and Langer Research Associates developed the “Survey of Student Perceptions of Remote Teaching and Learning” to capture the experiences of undergraduates taking courses that transitioned to online instruction in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey explores the nature of college courses as they were taught during the COVID-19 outbreak, the pervasiveness of various challenges undergraduates faced after the transition to remote instruction, and course features associated with higher levels of student satisfaction. Data analyses compared experiences of students from low-income, underrepresented, or rural backgrounds to those of students with none of these characteristics. This survey was administered in the spring of 2020 to a random national sample of 1,008 undergraduates, age 18 and older, who were taking college courses for credit that included in-person class sessions when the COVID-19 pandemic hit and had to finish the course by learning at a distance.
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McKelvy, Timothy K., Gregory B. Tackett, and Kathryn J. Roose. AMRDEC High Level Architecture Transition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393544.

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