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Academic literature on the topic 'Transition economies; Unemployment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Transition economies; Unemployment"

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Çağlayan Akay, Ebru, Zamira Oskonbaeva, and Hoşeng Bülbül. "What do unit root tests tell us about unemployment hysteresis in transition economies?" Applied Economic Analysis 28, no. 84 (October 26, 2020): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aea-05-2020-0048.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the hysteresis hypothesis in unemployment using monthly data from 13 countries in transition. Design/methodology/approach Stationarity in the unemployment rate of selected transition economies was analyzed using four different group unit root tests, namely, linear, structural breaks, non-linear and structural breaks and non-linear. Findings The empirical results show that the unemployment hysteresis hypothesis is valid for the majority of transition economies, including Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, the Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovenia. However, the results strongly reject the null hypothesis of unemployment hysteresis for the Kazakhstan and the Slovak Republics. Originality/value This study revealed that, for countries in transition, advanced unit root tests exhibit greater validity when compared to standard tests

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Garibaldi, Pietro, and Zuzana Brixiova. "Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment Dynamics in Transition Economies." IMF Working Papers 97, no. 137 (1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451930566.001.

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Garibaldi, Pietro, and Zuzana Brixiova. "Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment Dynamics in Transition Economies." Staff Papers - International Monetary Fund 45, no. 2 (June 1998): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3867391.

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Kajzer, Alenka. "The Real-Wage—Employment Relationship and Unemployment in Transition Economies." Eastern European Economics 33, no. 4 (July 1995): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1995.11648569.

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Cuestas, Juan C., Luis A. Gil-Alana, and Karsten Staehr. "A further investigation of unemployment persistence in European transition economies." Journal of Comparative Economics 39, no. 4 (December 2011): 514–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2011.09.002.

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Moutos, Thomas. "Trade in quality goods, trading regimes and unemployment in transition economies." Economics of Transition 6, no. 2 (November 1998): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.1998.tb00056.x.

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Freund, Caroline, and Bob Rijkers. "Episodes of unemployment reduction in rich, middle-income and transition economies." Journal of Comparative Economics 42, no. 4 (December 2014): 907–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.04.009.

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Mihajlović, Vladimir, and Gordana Marjanović. "Challenges of the Output-Employment Growth Imbalance in Transition Economies." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 67, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2021-0007.

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Abstract The trade-off between output and unemployment has become an essential part of modern macroeconomics and is known as Okun’s law. However, in transition and emerging markets economies’ context, the output-employment nexus has a much more important role as these countries strive to significantly improve the growth dynamics of both variables. This paper aims to analyze the particularities of this relationship in selected Central- and South-Eastern European transition (and former transition) countries to find out a discrepancy between the output and employment growth. Therefore, the employment elasticity coefficients are calculated. The estimated results suggest that, in the observed period, economic growth has not contributed to satisfactory employment growth, which is commonly referred to as a “jobless growth” hypothesis. Accordingly, this paper attempts to single out the main challenges of the output-employment growth misbalance in these countries and propose adequate policy measures that could reduce it. The industrial policy that differentiates from the “one-size-fits-all” paradigm is emphasized as the most important part of macroeconomic policy in transition economies to make their development more balanced. Additionally, short-run stabilization policy, especially the one focused on the labour market, has a significant role in these economies.

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Woźniak, Marcin. "Can the stochastic equilibrium job search models fit transition economies?" Acta Oeconomica 65, no. 4 (December 2015): 567–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.4.4.

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The aim of this study is to apply the stochastic job search framework to the analysis of three transition economies (Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic). Two versions of equilibrium unemployment models have been developed resembling Mortensen and Pissarides’ models, namely the dynamic and stochastic models. The dynamic model’s properties were briefly examined by evaluating the Jacobian matrix and plotting the phase plane of the economy. In the primary analysis of the stochastic model, job destruction decisions are endogenous as a response to random productivity changes. A martingale, i.e. a discrete-space version of the geometric Brownian motion with the drift and volatility parameter, was used to enable fluctuation of endogenous variables and to perform numerical simulations. The results are promising, although ambiguous in some points, e.g. the main model-generated time-series are close to the empirical time-series, including reasonable fluctuations, correlation signs, and autocorrelations. However, the model was unable to capture some subtle differences in productivity and job destruction rate series across the countries, which is its main limitation.

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Bayar, Yilmaz, and Laura Diaconu Maxim. "Effects of labor market and business regulations on unemployment: evidence from EU transition economies." Labor History 61, no. 5-6 (October 30, 2020): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0023656x.2020.1841125.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transition economies; Unemployment"

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Richter, Andrea. "Over-employment, labour immobility, distress work and firm start-ups : four economic themes of Russia's slow transition to the market." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312612.

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Pastore, Francesco. "A study of the regional distribution of unemployment in Poland's economic transition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270323.

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From the outbreak of unemployment in Poland in 1990, through the long recession and current macroeconomic revival, the regional pattern of unemployment remained remarkably unchanged. The thesis takes a micro-econometric approach to the issue, using the Polish Labour Force Survey, 1994-'97. It is found that persistence in regional patterns of unemployment is determined mainly by continuously higher flows of workers from employment to unemployment, rather than by lower flows out of unemployment in high unemployment regions. Thus, it would be wrong to think of high unemployment", regions simply as pockets of especially long duration unemployment. Moreover, the rate of inflow from employment to unemployment is significantly correlated with the degree of structural change. The econometric analysis concentrates on the outflows from employment to unemployment. The estimates are based on survival models with flexible baseline hazard. The first important finding is that, controlling for personal and environmental characteristics, there are significant differences in the probability of flowing into unemployment from a job for prime-aged workers (aged 25 through 44) in high and low unemployment regions. This age-effect is predominant over any other effect if one decomposes the mean and coefficient differences. When the focus is on prime-aged workers, structural change, as driven by the restructuring, and privatisation process of state owned firms in the manufacturing sector, becomes apparent. Especially strong is the difference in the probability of flowing into unemployment in industries with a high intensity of labour, independent of the level of physical and human capital, detected applying the Neven taxonomy. They provide their -employees with particularly secure jobs in low, but not in high unemployment regions. This 'result is consistent with hat of occupations with different skills. The semi-skilled workers, manual and non-manual, have a much lower probability of job loss than that of skilled workers in low unemployment regions. Education attainment provides a better defence against unemployment in high unemployment regions. Other individual-specific factors, such as gender and marital status, show no regional differences. Furthermore, a development in the method of analysing the effects of structural change on unemployment is proposed. How much of the inflow gap and, ultimately, the unemployment gap between the top and bottom groups of voivodships is due to economic structural change? In the case of Poland, the analysis suggests an upper bound of about three-quarters

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Tasci, Haci Mehmet. "Essays On Unemployment In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606092/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT ESSAYS ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN TURKEY TaSç
i, H. Mehmet Ph.D., Department of Economics Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Aysit Tansel March 2005, 223 pages In this study we examine the Turkish labor market by using the Household Labor Force Survey data for the years 2000 and 2001. There are three main essays in this study. In the first essay, the determinants of transitions between the labor market states of employment, unemployment, and out-of-labor force are examined by using multinomial-logit models. We observe from the transitions out of employment that workers with low education and those working in the non-public sector have a higher risk of losing their job than those with higher education and those working in the public sector. In the second essay, grouped duration approach is used to find the determinants of unemployment duration and test whether there is an evidence of duration dependence in unemployment. In the third essay, we distinguish the first-time job-seekers from the other job-seekers, and analyze the determinants of unemployment duration for these groups, separately. The last two parts of this study shows the main characteristics of the short-term and long-term unemployed people in Turkey. We find that individual and demographic characteristics as well as local labor market conditions are important factors in explaining the duration of unemployment for working-age groups. We observe that individuals with higher education (i.e. graduated from a university) have shorter unemployment duration than those with lower education (i.e. primary, middle and high school graduates). Our overall findings (both from transition and duration applications) suggest that women are in the disadvantaged position in the Turkish labor market. Further, regardless of gender difference, we observe that labor market conditions are significant determinant of transitions in the labor market. The same is also observed in the unemployment duration part for all data as well as for both first-time and other job-seekers.

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Straub, Larry G. "Promethean Framework and Measurement Instrument: Career Development, Maintenance and Transitions in Convulsive Economic Cycles." Case Western Reserve University Doctor of Management / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casedm1568628001000544.

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Santos, Roberta Teodoro. "Escolha ocupacional e saída para o desemprego – uma análise de transição de 2002 a 2016." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8321.

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The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the transition from employment to unemployment in the national labor market. Specifically, the study aims to understand what effect the quality a citizen’s current employment has on the probability of the employee losing their occupation in the future. The model is a Heckprobit, with the objective of understanding how the personal characteristics, socioeconomic, human capital and occupation characteristics can influence the probability of workers in the metropolitan areas of Recife, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Porto Alegre became unemployed. This econometric exercise is carried out by analysing the microdata of the Monthly Employment Survey (PME) from 2002 to 2016, with information from the Economically Active Population of persons aged 18 to 65 years. The results show that workers in more higher categories of employment are less likely to lose their jobs. Moreover, it is observed that the choice of occupational category tends to be more important for women than for men, that is, the effects of inadequate choices today negatively affect the probability of future employment.
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a transição do estado de emprego para o desemprego no mercado de trabalho nacional. Mais especificamente, o estudo visa compreender que efeito a qualidade do posto de trabalho atual possui sobre a probabilidade de o trabalhador perder sua ocupação no período futuro. O modelo realizado é um Heckprobit, cuja intenção é entender o quanto as características pessoais, socioeconômicas, capital humano e as características de ocupação podem influenciar na probabilidade dos trabalhadores das regiões metropolitanas de Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Porto Alegre transitarem para o desemprego. Tal exercício econométrico é realizado a partir de microdados da Pesquisa Mensal do Emprego (PME) dos anos de 2002 a 2016, com informações da População Economicamente Ativa na faixa etária de 18 a 65 anos. Os resultados apontam que trabalhadores alocados em categorias mais altas tem menor probabilidade de perder seu posto de trabalho. Além disso, é observado que a escolha da categoria da ocupação tende a ser mais importante para as mulheres do que para os homens, ou seja, os efeitos de uma escolha inadequada hoje afeta negativamente a probabilidade de emprego futura.

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Behanan, Ronia. "The social drift phenomenon : associations between the socio–economic status and cardiovascular disease risk in an African population undergoing a health transition / Ronia Behanan." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5549.

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Background: The global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is escalating as part of the rapid health transition that developing countries are experiencing. This increase is associated with shifts in demographics and economics, two of the major factors that affect diet and activity. The term social drift phenomenon (SDP) is used to describe the observations that: in the early stages of the epidemiological and nutrition transitions, it is usually the more affluent, higher socio–economic groups that are affected; in the later stages, it is the poor, lower socio–economic groups that display the consequences of these transitions. Therefore, in developing countries at the beginning of the transition, affluent people have higher prevalence of obesity and increased CVD risk. In developed countries, at much later stages of the transition, obesity and increased CVD risk is more prevalent in the lower socio–economic groups. In South Africa, the Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans (THUSA) study which was done in 1996/1998 indicated that at that time, most of the risk factors for CVD were observed in the more urbanised (richer) subjects. It is not known if this pattern changed in any way due to the present rapid urbanisation of South African blacks. Therefore, in this study we explored the associations between socio–economic status (SES) (measured by level of urbanisation, education and employment) and CVD risk factors in an African population undergoing transition in the North–West Province of South Africa, that were prevalent in 2005 when the baseline data for in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study were collected. Objectives: The main objective of this dissertation was to examine the SDP in an African population in a nutrition and health transition, by: (i) Reviewing the literature on associations between socio–economic variables and biological health outcomes focusing on CVD risk factors in developed and developing countries; (ii) Analysing the baseline data from the 2005 PURE study to examine the relationships between components of SES, namely level of iii urbanisation, education and occupation, and nutrition–related CVD risk factors in men and women participating in the PURE study; and (iii) Comparing results on these associations between CVD risk factors and SES from the PURE study with those found in the THUSA study, which was conducted almost 10 years earlier, to examine if social drift in these associations has taken place. Study design: The dissertation is based on a comparison of the CVD risk factors and socio–economic status of the THUSA and PURE studies. Secondary analysis of the baseline cross–sectional epidemiological data from the PURE study was executed. The South African PURE study is part of a 12–year Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study which investigates the health transition in urban and rural subjects in 22 different countries. The main selection criterion was that there should be migration stability within the chosen rural and urban communities. The rural community (A) was identified 450 km west of Potchefstroom on the highway to Botswana. A deep rural community (B), 35 km east from A and only accessible by gravel road, was also included. Both communities are still under tribal law. The urban communities (C and D) were chosen near the University in Potchefstroom. Community C was selected from Ikageng, the established part of the township next to Potchefstroom, and D from the informal settlements surrounding community C. The baseline data for PURE were collected from October to December 2005. A total of 2010 apparently healthy African volunteers (35 years and older), with no reported chronic diseases of lifestyle, tuberculosis (TB) or known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were recruited from a sample of 6000 randomly selected households. Methods: A variety of quantitative and qualitative research techniques was used by multidisciplinary teams to collect, measure and interpret data generated from biological samples and validated questionnaires. For this study, the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) package (version 17.0, SPSS Inc) was used to analyze the data. Means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CVD risk and dietary factors were calculated. Participants of both genders were divided into different groups (according to urbanisation, education and employment levels) and compared. Estimated significant differences between rural and urban participants were determined with analysis of variance using the general linear model (GLM), multivariate procedure. Univariate analysis was used to explore further the influence of education on CVD risk factors and dietary intakes. Employment was used as a proxy for income, and pairwise comparisons using GLM, multivariate procedure were done for comparing the three groups (Not answered, employed and not employed). Tests were considered significant at P<0.05. Results: Comparison of urban with rural subjects participating in the PURE study showed that urban men had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures and lower fibrinogen levels than rural men. In women, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and serum triglycerides were significantly higher in urban subjects whereas fibrinogen levels were significantly lower among urban subjects. After examining the relationship between the level of education and CVD risk factors, we observed that men with higher education levels had significantly higher BMI. In women, serum triglycerides and blood pressure were lower and BMI was significantly higher in the educated subjects. Because it was difficult to distinguish between reported household and individual income levels, we compared CVD risk factors of employed and unemployed subjects. Employed men had significantly higher BMI whereas the unemployed men had significantly higher fasting glucose and fibrinogen levels. Although mean blood pressure of employed men was higher than that of unemployed men, the difference did not reach significance. In women, the only significant difference seen was that employed women had lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, triglycerides and fibrinogen levels, but they had a significantly higher BMI. Employed women had significantly higher BMI than unemployed women (27.9 [26.3–29.4] versus 26.5 [26.0–27.0] kg/m2). It seems that most of the nutrition related CVD risk factors were still higher in the higher socio–economic group, a situation similar to that reported in the THUSA study. v Conclusion: The results of this study showed little evidence of a major social drift in CVD risk factors from subjects participating in the 1996/1998 THUSA study to those in the 2005 PURE study. Most cardiovascular disease risk factors are still higher in the higher SES groups. However, there were some indications (increased fibrinogen in both men and women living in rural areas; higher triglyceride and fasting glucose levels in unemployed women; no significant differences in blood pressure and total cholesterol across different SES groups which existed in the THUSA study) that a social drift in CVD risk factors in our African population is on the way. This means that promotion of healthy, prudent diets and lifestyles should be targeted to Africans from all socio–economic levels for the prevention of CVD.
Thesis (M.Sc (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Laur, Piret. "EXTERNAL CAUSES OF DEATH IN ESTONIA 1970-2002 : a special reference to suicide, traffic accidents and alcohol poisoning." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3276.

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The study aims to describe the external causes of death (ECD) mortality, specifically suicide and traffic death in Estonia 1970-2002 in relation to the political and economic development with a special focus on the unemployment and alcohol use impact. This analyse bases on the Statistical Office of Estonia and other governmental institutions published information. The highest mortality rates occurred for traffic accidents 1990-91 and for suicides 1994-95. Middle-age man excess ECD mortalityoccurred in early 1990s with the greatest politico-economic changes accompanied by high psychosocial stress before the population could acquire appropriate coping strategies. Impact of the first main reforms on the population health has been ascertained. Price liberalisation was followed by immense inflation and real wage fall in early 1990s. Privatisation and monetary reform influenced on the basic living security of the population. People faced unexpected living difficulties as work and dwelling insecurity, decreased real income, insufficiency to meetessential expenditures, declined living standard, social status loss, population stratification and inadequate social protection. Unemployment was just introduced and did not play a significant role for the high mortality. Traffic accidents’ fatal consequences decreased with growing GDP as cars and roads became safer however accidents’ number did not decrease. Western cars appearance euphoria could influence more than alcohol consumption. It could plausibly increase accidents but the reason and role of alcohol consumption in the intentional actions needs more information. Suicide could have been influenced mainly by social and traffic accidents mortality mainly by environmental factors. Earlier findings about the unemployment and alcohol consumption impact on the transition’s high injurymortality have not been confirmed by the current study. Current paper provides framework within population worsening health factors during politico-economic changes could be better understood. The strongest impact on Estonia’s population health could come from transition’s political and economic reforms influencing dwelling and incomesecurity. Low salary and low purchasing power could hurt a human dignity even more than possible unemployment

ISBN 91-7997-094-X

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Beugnot, Julie. "Chômage et politique économique dans un contexte d'équilibres multiples." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10012.

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Cette thèse étudie les performances du marché du travail dans une économie susceptible de présenter plusieurs équilibres, et les implications d’une telle configuration pour la politique économique. Elle comporte quatre essais, traitant chacun d’un aspect spécifique de cette problématique. En premier lieu, l’analyse économétrique des séries temporelles de taux de chômage de quelques pays de l’OCDE, permettant notamment l’identification des changements de régimes et de leurs caractéristiques, apporte des évidences significatives à l’appui de l’hypothèse d’une multiplicité d’équilibres. En second lieu, on étudie les effets de l’introduction d’un salaire minimum obligatoire et d’une hausse de celui-ci dans un modèle statique de concurrence imparfaite avec négociations salariales au niveau de la firme, le facteur travail étant hétérogène. Si la hausse du salaire minimum est défavorable à l’emploi,l’introduction d’un salaire minimum en présence d’une multiplicité d’équilibres permet d’éliminer l’équilibre Pareto-inférieur. En troisième lieu, on étudie également les implications de l’existence d’équilibres multiples pour les politiques économiques, du fait de l’altération des propriétés dynamiques de l’économie, à travers l’analyse complète d’un modèle dynamique de concurrence imparfaite avec des négociations salariales individuelles et des frictions d’appariement sur le marché du travail. Enfin, on montre grâce à l’outil expérimental dans quelle mesure l’introduction d’une variable dite de tâche solaire, peut être source de défaut de coordination et d’inefficience dans une économie possédant deux équilibres Pareto-ordonnés
This thesis analyzes the performances of labor market in an economy subject to multiple equilibria and the implications of such a configuration for economic policy. It contains four pieces of research, each dealing with a particular aspect of the general setting. First, the econometric analysis of the unemployment time series for several OECD countries,which allows the identification of regime switches and their characteristics, brings forth some significant evidence that the multiple equilibria framework is relevant. Second, the effect of the implementation and of the rise of the minimum wage are investigated through a static model, assuming imperfect competition, heterogeneous labor input and wage negotiations at the firm level. Though minimum wage hikes have an adverse effect on employment, the implementation of a binding minimum wage turns out to be an efficient tool for excluding the Pareto- inferior equilibrium. Third economic policy conditions are also affected because the existence of multiple equilibria alters the dynamic properties of the economy. This case has been investigated in the framework of a fully dynamic model assuming imperfect competition individual wage negotiations and matching frictions. Finally, a coordination game experiment confirms that the introduction of a sunspot can be a source of coordination failure and inefficiency in an economy with two Pareto-ranked equilibria

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Steenkamp, Lorainne. "South Africa's economic policies on unemployment : a historical analysis of two decades of transition / Lorainne Steenkamp." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15574.

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After twenty years of democracy, the most pressing problem facing South Africa is the absence of sustainable economic growth and job creation. Since 1994, major economic reforms and adjustments have been made, which were seen as a requirement for achieving economic growth and development. However, despite these efforts, unemployment in South Africa remains a challenging problem. The main objectives of the study are, firstly, to examine South Africa’s economic policy initiatives implemented since 1994. Secondly, to determine whether the issue of unemployment has improved under a review of the economic policies that have been implemented since 1994. Finally, this is achieved by examining the changes in employment and, more specifically, the changes in the cost-neutral change in the capital/labour (K/L) ratio between 1995 and 2013 by means of a historical Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling approach. The literature study focuses on employment, growth and human capital theories to reflect on the present state of knowledge and to contribute to evidence-based policy debates. It also provides an overview of South Africa’s economic policy, programmes and strategy decisions and of the country’s economic stance since the transition to democracy in 1994, with a specific focus on the labour market. Historical CGE modelling, applied using the PEKGEM – a dynamic CGE model of the South African economy, was chosen to examine the relationship between growth and structural changes under the different economic and development policies in South Africa between 1995 and 2013. The primary aim was to determine how the dynamics and structure of South African employment changed during the period in which these policies were implemented, using the historical CGE modelling approach. The focus was primarily on changes in the capital and labour markets across all sectors over this period. The results indicate an increase in capital relative to labour (K/L) over the period 1995 to 2013, despite the increase seen in the rental price of capital relative to wages (PK/PL). To better understand the structural shift, the theoretical specification of the capital/labour preference within PEKGEM was considered. The results suggests that at any given ratio of real wages relative to the rental price of capital, industries would choose a K/L ratio 8.1 per cent higher in 2013 than it would have in 1995. Considering the fact that South Africa has a comparative advantage in unskilled labour-intensive goods, especially given the country’s abundance of labour and high levels of unemployment, the shortcomings of South Africa’s economic policies in addressing the pressing issue of unemployment is emphasised.
MCom (Economics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

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Giuntoli, G., S. Hughes, Kate Karban, and J. South. "Towards a middle-range theory of mental health and well-being effects of employment transitions: Findings from a qualitative study on unemployment during the 2009-2010 economic recession." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9084.

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This article builds upon previous theoretical work on job loss as a status passage to help explain how people's experiences of involuntary unemployment affected their mental well-being during the 2009-2010 economic recession. It proposes a middle-range theory that interprets employment transitions as status passages and suggests that their health and well-being effects depend on the personal and social meanings that people give to them, which are called properties of the transitions. The analyses, which used a thematic approach, are based on the findings of a qualitative study undertaken in Bradford (North England) consisting of 73 people interviewed in 16 focus groups. The study found that the participants experienced their job losses as divestment passages characterised by three main properties: experiences of reduced agency, disruption of role-based identities, for example, personal identity crises, and experiences of 'spoiled identities', for example, experiences of stigma. The proposed middle-range theory allows us to federate these findings together in a coherent framework which makes a contribution to illuminating not just the intra-personal consequences of unemployment, that is, its impact on subjective well-being and common mental health problems, but also its inter-personal consequences, that is, the hidden and often overlooked social processes that affect unemployed people's social well-being. This article discusses how the study findings and the proposed middle-range theory can help to address the theoretical weaknesses and often contradictory empirical findings from studies that use alternative frameworks, for example, deprivation models and 'incentive theory' of unemployment.

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Books on the topic "Transition economies; Unemployment"

1

Rühl, Christof. The blind man's subsidies: Output, inflation and unemployment in transition economies : a general framework. Vienna: Institut für Höhere Studien/Institute for Advanced Studies, 1996.

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Earle, John S. The microeconomics of creating productive jobs: A synthesis of firm-level studies in transition economies. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.

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Axell, Ylva. Economic transition and unemployment in East Germany. Stockholm: Stockholm Institute of Soviet and Eastern European Economics, 1991.

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1968-, Bell Janice, ed. Unemployment in transition: Restructuring and labour markets in Central Europe. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic, 2000.

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Aghion, Philippe. On the speed of transition in Central Europe. London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1993.

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Aghion, Philippe. On the Speed of Transition in Central Europe. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Canada, Economic Council of. Transitions for the 90s. Ottawa, Ont: The Council, 1990.

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Nativel, Corinne. Economic transition, unemployment and active labour market policy: Lessons and perspectives from the East German Bundesländer. Edgbaston, Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press, 2002.

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Berthold, Norbert. Real wage rigidities, fiscal policy, and the stability of EMU in the transition phase. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 1999.

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Fund, International Monetary, ed. Labor market institutions and unemployment dynamics in transition economies. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transition economies; Unemployment"

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Flemming, John S. "Public Finance, Unemployment and Economies in Transition." In Economics in a Changing World, 60–79. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22988-8_4.

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Tyrowicz, Joanna, and Piotr Wójcik. "Unemployment Convergence in Transition." In Economic Growth and Structural Features of Transition, 236–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277403_12.

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Commander, Simon, and Andrei Tolstopiatenko. "Unemployment, restructuring and the pace of transition." In Lessons from the Economic Transition, 331–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5368-3_20.

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Perugini, Cristiano, and Marcello Signorelli. "Youth Unemployment in Transition Countries and Regions." In Economic Growth and Structural Features of Transition, 277–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277403_14.

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Mickiewicz, Tomasz. "Unemployment Paths and Restructuring." In Economic Transition in Central Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, 83–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230504349_5.

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Riphahn, Regina T. "Residential location and youth unemployment: The economic geography of school-to-work transitions." In Population Economics, 273–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55573-2_14.

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Reize, Frank. "Previous Empirical Findings on the Transition from Unemployment to Self-Employment." In ZEW Economic Studies, 25–29. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2685-2_3.

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Cazes, Sandrine, and Sher Verick. "Transitions out of Informality and Falling Unemployment: The Transformation of the Brazilian Labour Market since the 2000s." In The Labour Markets of Emerging Economies, 109–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137325358_4.

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Chevalier, Tom. "Fighting Youth Unemployment." In Growth and Welfare in Advanced Capitalist Economies, 348–71. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866176.003.0011.

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The chapter stresses that the transition to a post-industrial society has consequences on the life course, and especially on the transition from childhood to adulthood. However, this transition varies significantly between countries, because of different institutional arrangements. Accordingly, the chapter analyzes these different arrangements of socio-economic institutions, including education, labor market policies, and welfare policies (with student support), by presenting the typology of “youth welfare citizenship regimes.” The second part of the chapter proceeds to four “typical” case studies showing how different growth regimes presented in the first chapter shape these youth welfare citizenship regimes (France, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Then it analyzes how growth strategies (the reforms implemented by governments in order to boost growth and job creation) have recently been influencing the evolution of youth citizenship regimes, especially through reforms of active labor market policies (ALMP) that aim to fight youth unemployment. The argument here is not causal but rather contextual and systemic, and the objective of the case studies is therefore to present the coherence between a growth regime and the way socio-economic institutions structure the entry into adulthood, leading to a specific youth welfare citizenship regime, and how reforms inspired by a specific growth strategy contributes to transform youth welfare regime.

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Kılıç, Esin, and Erol Kutlu. "Trade Openness and Unemployment in Transition Economies." In Handbook of Research on Unemployment and Labor Market Sustainability in the Era of Globalization, 371–87. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2008-5.ch020.

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Liberalization of foreign trade and foreign exchange regimes of the countries in transition from planned economies to liberal economies, which are called transition economies in the literature, constitutes one of the crucial pillars of the process. The effect of foreign trade liberalization process on the workforce markets, however, has been a matter of ongoing dispute in the literature. For this reason, the long-term relationship between trade openness and unemployment in 17 transition economies between years 1998-2014 is researched in this study, using dynamic heterogeneous panel data analysis methods. As a result of the econometrical analysis, it has been found that there is a significant relationship between trade openness and the rate of unemployment and that trade openness has a reducing effect on unemployment.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transition economies; Unemployment"

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Gökçek Karaca, Nuray. "Social Integration in Turkey and Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00870.

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In this study, social integration of Turkey was examined in comparison with the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). To examine social integration of Turkey in comparison with transition economies, we benefited from the Social Integration Dimensions which was developed by UNDP. As a comparison of Turkey with EU countries, we can say that Turkey has lower employment, youth unemployment, satisfaction with freedom of choice, satisfaction with job, trust in people, satisfaction with community, perception of safety and higher trust in national government than EU countries. Except the employment, youth unemployment and trust in national government, there is no certain difference between CEE and CIS countries that the performance of countries varies from indicator to indicator.

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Ballı, Esra, and Muammer Tekeoğlu. "Transition Process: Russia and Ukraine Case." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00663.

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This study analyses how real GDP growth, inflation, employment, foreign direct investment inflow and income equality for Russia and Ukraine changed during the process of economic transition from 1991 to 2011. Most opinions agree that initial conditions and economic situation of a country, natural resources, historical background and institutions affect the process of economic transition. We see that both Russia and Ukraine experienced a transitional recession in the early 1990s at the start of the transition and an increase in the inflation rate. The Gini indexes of Russia and Ukraine have increased dramatically. The unemployment also went up in both countries until 1999s and reached a peak 13% during the 1998 Russian crisis in Russia. The growth rates of both countries were below 1% until 1997-1998, although it started to increase, after 2000, it decreased sharply in 2008 because of the Global Economic Crisis experienced the same year.

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Çağlayan Akay, Ebru, and Zamira Oskonbaeva. "The Relationship between Economic Growth and Misery Index: Evidence from Transition Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02359.

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Unemployment and inflation, the main components of the misery index, continue to be vital macroeconomic problems, which draw researchers’ attention both in developed and developing countries. The study investigates the interaction among economic growth and misery index in the selected transition countries using Panel ARDL. In the study, annual data for the period of 1996-2017 of selected 16 transition countries are used. The findings of the study show that there is a long-run relationship between the misery index and economic growth. In other words, it can be concluded that economic misery deteriorates economic growth. If the economy is to be sustainably improved, the misery index should be taken into account. The government needs a policy of decreasing inflation and unemployment, which is one of the fundamental macroeconomic policy priorities. This study may provide policy-makers with new insights to evaluate the role of economic misery in enhancing economic growth in transition countries.

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Zhumakunova, Tolkun, and Raziya Abdiyeva. "Public Debt and Public Debt Administration in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01842.

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Public debt and public debt administration in recent years became significant economic problem of most countries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan has faced with public debt problem. Sharp decline of production, high level of unemployment and the need for economic and structural reforms during transition to market economy caused a large budget deficit. Budget deficit and public debt problems still remain as one of important macroeconomic issues in Kyrgyzstan. The purpose of our paper is to overview public debt politics and analyze public debt administration in Kyrgyzstan. Also to investigate legal framework of public debt, transparency, risks and effectiveness of public debt administration in Kyrgyzstan.

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Bulut, Cihan, Elchin Suleymanov, and Fakhri Hasanov. "Problems Encountered during the Transition to Market Economy in Azerbaijan and Solution Attempts." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00681.

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After re-gaining its independence on 18 October 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan started to transform to the market-based economy and to integrate into the world economy. The country’s oil and natural gas reserves have been considered the main source for financing range of government programs for reforms. On the one hand, these reserves had to be used effectively; on the other hand, there was a huge demand for foreign investment for extraction. To this end, Azerbaijan has signed “Contract of the Century” in 1994. Although Azerbaijan has wide oil and natural gas reserves, it has faced a number of difficulties in its transition way. This study analyzes these problems and reforms for solving them. One of the types of the problems were related to the economic structure of the former Soviet Union: disruption of the economic ties between the republics resulted in decline of production, high levels of unemployment and prices and consequently led to an economic recession in all of the republics. Another set of problems was related to lack of sufficient institutional bases to transform to the market economy. Moreover, internal conflicts between the political parties and groups for having authority as well as political chaos in the republic can be considered other serious problems during the transition period. Furthermore, Karabakh war and occupation of 20 percent of the Azerbaijani territory by the Armenian military forces had made the situation extremely complicated. Despite all of these extremes, Azerbaijan transformed to the market-based economy decidedly and even became one of the fast growing countries of the world. Even in 2006, with the GDP growth rate of 34.5 percent, Azerbaijan was a leader among growing economies. In parallel with this significant economic development, there is still a need for some socio-economic and institutional reforms in order to get a well-functioned market-based economy in Azerbaijan.

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Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Ayşen Hiç Gencer, and Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz. "The Relationships between Competitiveness and Economic Growth: A Study on the Countries of Central Asia and Caucasus." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00424.

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The relationships among input, production and market suddenly broke down after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The reflections of this disintegration are deeply felt in the Central Asian and in the Caucasian economies, which lack the traditions of being a government. The imbalances in the supply and demand, such as shutting down of factories due to breakdown of production relations and the resulting severe rise in the unemployment rate, caused a transition recession. As well-known in the literature, the main reason behind this is the interdependency of the production structures in these newly independent former Soviet countries. Large industrial establishments were left alone due to lack of sufficient raw materials and other inputs, due to lack of new technologies, and/or due to political void resulting from the transition period. In the newly established economic and political system, all of these countries, namely Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, try to realize their economic growth and development by specializing in the production of goods in which they have an economic advantage in terms of competitiveness. In this study, the effects of competitiveness on economic growth is investigated for these 7 countries during the 1995-2010 period using panel data analysis based on the Lafay index. In the light of the results of this research, policy recommendations are attempted in order to determine the sectors in which these countries are more competitive and hence to suggest ways of increasing their economic growth rate.

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Taşar, M. Okan. "The Public Policy in Agricultural Product Markets and Effectiveness of Regulations." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02009.

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Parallel to the developments in the global economy, perhaps the most problematic market structure within the liberalization process in the transition economies and in the Turkish economy is highlighted as agricultural product markets. The effects of agricultural product prices on other macroeconomic indicators and the fundamental economic problems such as inflation, income distribution, poverty and unemployment constitute a fundamental dynamic. At this point, public policies and regulations of market processes need to be analyzed in terms of the effects they will cause. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of interventions and regulations on agricultural products markets on market economy and macroeconomic indicators. However, it will be possible to establish the most appropriate agricultural policies possible for the macroeconomic performance of the Turkish economy. In the first section; the impacts and consequences of regulations will be determined by establishing the relationship between agricultural product markets and government interventions. The second part is to analyze these effects and results with the help of data and indicators belonging to the Turkish economy and to analyze the different effects caused by the applied agricultural regulations. The last part is; the discussion of rational agricultural intervention policies and regulations with the least possible negative impact.

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Chen, Qiyu, Zidong Ji, Lan Chen, and Qi Huang. "Analysis of Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and People’s Unemployment." In 2021 International Conference on Financial Management and Economic Transition (FMET 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210917.088.

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Saeed, Nawsherwan. "Is the constitution the problem in front of the democratic transition in Iraq?" In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp171-183.

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Nearly 17 years after the US invasion, Iraq ranks first in the list of the most corrupt and least stable countries in the world. The state of instability and rampant corruption in Iraqi society since 2003 made some critics blame the constitution itself as the main obstacle to the country's democratic transition. For them, the hasty method of drafting the constitution, the absence of Iraqi constitutional expertise, and the lateral representation of Sunni Arabs are among the factors that have contributed to the precarious situation in Iraq over the past years. Likewise, critics argue that the ambiguity and ambiguity in some constitutional articles hindered its application. Amid these readings, the October revolution erupted on October 1, 2019 in Baghdad and the rest of the southern governorates of Iraq in protest against the deteriorating economic conditions of the country, unemployment, and the spread of administrative corruption. The demands of the demonstrators reached to change the constitution and amend the electoral law. Thus, the question posed in this paper is to what extent can the constitution really be an obstacle to the democratization process in Iraq? This paper discusses that the nature of Iraqi society as a deeply divided society, the absence of the previous democratic experience among the citizens, the weakness of the political culture of cooperation and tolerance among the political elites, and external interference are among the main obstacles to the democratic transformation in the country. Finally, the conclusion of the study is that despite all the criticisms and criticisms about the democratic experience in Iraq, the process of democratic transformation is slow in itself, and therefore it can be said that the process is still ongoing and has not failed yet.

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Nikoloski, Dimitar. "POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NORTH MACEDONIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0019.

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Poverty and social exclusion are often associated with unemployment, but being employed is not always sufficient to provide decent living conditions for workers and their families. The ‘low-wage’ workers similarly as unemployed are often associated with an image of men and women struggling to support their families and living at risk of poverty and social exclusion. Dealing with the social stratification engendered from the employment status of workers in the post-transition countries represents a challenging task for the academics and policymakers. The aim of the paper is to assess the determinants of poverty in North Macedonia from the point of view of employment status, particularly the differences between low-paid and unemployed workers. We assess the factors affecting the probability of at-risk-of poverty status by estimating a logit model on cross-section data separately for employed and unemployed persons in 2015. The analysis draws from an examination of micro data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) whose main scope is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, as well as indicators of monetary poverty. Besides other personal and household characteristics, being low-paid appears as the most important factor for at-risk-of poverty status among employed persons, while the low work intensity is the most responsible factor for at-risk-of poverty status among unemployed persons. In addition, our analysis reveals that the social transfers do not satisfactorily cover these categories, which assumes that we need a much broader arsenal of respective policy measures aiming to reduce poverty among the vulnerable labour market segments. The proposed policy recommendations cover the following areas: education and training, active labour market policies, unionisation and collective bargaining, wage subsidies and taxation and statutory minimum wage.

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Reports on the topic "Transition economies; Unemployment"

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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Turkey. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrtr.2020.12.

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This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the report portrays indicators of youth population, youth employment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. Since the urban/rural distinction is not clear in Turkey, the overtime change in the status of the Rural NEETs can-not be analysed.The adopted statistical procedures across the different selected dimensions involves descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets, in addition we also used the statistics provi-ded by the Statistical Institute of Turkey, in addition to some academic works.The analyses show that Turkey has an ageing population, and that the share of the youth in the population declined over years. The relatively younger population of Turkey has pre-viously always been accepted as an advantage, but this advantage has disappeared with declining birth rates. The transition to a new administrative system in 2012 prevents a de-tailed analysis of the situation of rural NEETS. However, the available data shows that there is a significant gender gap and the lower levels of female labour force participation has led to the emergence of the NEETs as a gendered problem.

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