Journal articles: 'Transition Debate'

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Rutar, Tibor. "The Transition Debate Today." Historical Materialism 26, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-00001701.

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AbstractSpencer Dimmock has produced a convincing restatement, defence and update of Robert Brenner’s influential work on the origin of capitalism in England. The book productively engages with many Marxist and non-Marxist critics of the so-called ‘Brenner Thesis’, and presents fresh secondary and primary evidence in favour of it. This review sketches the theoretical background of Brenner’s intervention, summarises Dimmock’s take on Brenner, and comments on a few notable contemporary critiques of Brenner’s general framework which are not explicitly engaged with by Dimmock.

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ORENSTEIN, MITCHELL A. "Transition Economics: The Debate Continues." Russian Review 80, no. 1 (January 2021): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/russ.12302.

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Ibrahim, Jibrin. "Political Transition, Ethnoregionalism, and the “Power Shift” Debate in Nigeria." Issue 27, no. 1 (1999): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700503047.

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The Nigerian military has been engaged in a program of transition to democratic rule since 1985. The country’s military rulers developed “transition politics” into a strategy of transitions without end, a ruse to prevent democratization. Hopefully, Nigeria is now at the crossroads. One of the most important issues posed in the transition has been the ethnoregional one: Would entrenched ethnoregional forces allow political power to shift from the North to the South? It is not a new question in Nigerian transition politics.Two broad issues surface when ethnoregional domination emerges as a political issue in Nigeria: control of political power and its instruments, such as the armed forces and the judiciary; and control of economic power and resources.

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Blackburn, Robin. "Revisiting the Transition to Capitalism Debate." Almanack, no. 17 (December 2017): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-463320171713.

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Majumdar, Sayonee. "Disinterring the Transition Debate in Maoist China." Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 17, no. 1 (June 2018): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747918776387.

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This article tries to extricate the rationale behind China’s transition debate in the Maoist era (1949–1978). Using a re-casted theory of historical materialism (HM) to posit the shared ground of engagement of Chinese Marxists, I unpack the emergence of two competing development strategies for socialist transition, one which foregrounds forces of production (FOP) as the prime mover of this transition and the other class struggle to change relations of production (ROP) as the determining factor. I conclude by briefly discussing the shift from Mao Tse-tung to Deng Xiaoping’s era as a resolution of the development strategy in favour of the development of FOP as the key to China’s socialist transition.

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Szelenyi, Ivan, and Eric Kostello. "The Market Transition Debate: Toward a Synthesis?" American Journal of Sociology 101, no. 4 (January 1996): 1082–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230791.

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Mauger, Romain. "Promoting Public Participation in the Energy Transition: The Case of France's National Debate." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (March 18, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a4290.

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In an energy transitions era, the citizens tend to be increasingly considered as actors of the energy system. This situation reinforces in turn the importance of public participation processes into energy policy or legislation design. In 2012-2013, a significant public participation process in the field of energy policy was organised in France, named National Debate on the Energy Transition. From the beginning, it was proclaimed that its results would be integrated into a flagship energy transition act, which did happen with the adoption of the Energy Transition for Green Growth Act of 2015. This paper provides an overview of the organisation of this public debate and of the integration of its outcome into the Energy Transition Act. The experience of France can serve for other countries engaged in a process of transition towards a more sustainable society and especially towards a massive change of their energy mix. It addresses the successes as well as the failures of the French case and provides some key learning points to enhance the public participation into the Law-making process concerning the energy transition.

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Koistinen, Katariina, and Satu Teerikangas. "The Debate If Agents Matter vs. the System Matters in Sustainability Transitions—A Review of the Literature." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052821.

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Transition studies is a growing discipline for addressing sustainability challenges. Traditionally, its focus has been at the system level. However, addressing sustainability challenges also requires attending to the role of agents in sustainability transitions. This is the focus adopted in this paper. We review the literature on agency in sustainability transitions, based on 77 journal articles on sustainability transitions listed in Scopus from 2014 to 2018. We find that agency is increasingly explored in the sustainability transitions literature. Despite this growing interest, this body of knowledge remains scattered in regard to typologies or theoretical framings. Our review leads us to identify three recurring themes. One theme drew our attention in particular: the transition research community is divided into those who argue that agency is sufficiently embedded in the transition literature and those who oppose this argument. Going forward, the dynamics of individual-level agency, including behaviors and motivation, deserve further attention.

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McHenry, Dean E. "The South African Debate over the Democratic Transition." African Studies Review 36, no. 2 (September 1993): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524735.

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Cao, Yang, and Victor G. Nee. "Comment: Controversies and Evidence in the Market Transition Debate." American Journal of Sociology 105, no. 4 (January 2000): 1175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/210402.

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Büchs, Milena, and Max Koch. "Challenges for the degrowth transition: The debate about wellbeing." Futures 105 (January 2019): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.09.002.

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El Bilali, Hamid. "Innovation-Sustainability Nexus in Agriculture Transition: Case of Agroecology." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0001.

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AbstractDifferent governments and international organizations have shown interest in agroecology as a promising pathway for transition to sustainable agriculture. However, the kinds of innovation needed for agro-ecological transition are subject to intense debate. The scale of this debate is itself an indicator of the complicated relation between innovation and sustainability in the agro-food arena and beyond. This review paper analyses the potential of agro-ecology in agricultural sustainability transitions. It also explores whether agro-ecological transition is a sustainable innovation (cf. ecological, green, open, social, responsible). Furthermore, the paper investigates the potential contribution of agro-ecological transition to sustainability, using the 3-D (Direction, Distribution and Diversity) model of the STEPS centre. Agroecology is one of the few approaches that can harmoniously combine innovation and sustainability in agriculture while promoting genuine transition to agro-food sustainability since it embraces all dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, social/cultural/ethical). Nevertheless, it can be taken for granted neither that all traditional practices can be classified as ‘agro-ecological’ nor that all farmer-led innovations can be included in the agro-ecological repertoire. Moreover, the relationship between the three aspirations of agroecology (science, movement and practice) needs further elaboration in order to maximise potential for agriculture transition.

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Sorgen, Jeremy. "Beyond the Anthropocentrism Debate." Environmental Ethics 42, no. 2 (2020): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics202011911.

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The anthropocentrism debate, which centers on the place and status of environmental values, has been a core issue for environmental ethics since the field’s beginning in the 1970s. Nonanthropocentrists attribute value to non-human nature directly, while anthropocentrists claim that humans hold a certain priority. While the debate has produced a wide variety of interesting philosophical positions, it has not achieved its implicit goal of cultural reform. This is not because philosophers fail to agree on a tenable position, but because the debate is misconceived. Both sides of the debate assume that agreement on common values, worldviews, and substantive positions is prerequisite to cultural reform. Pragmatic criticism of this assumption, however, displays its underlying faults, while pragmatic inquiry into the field’s development displays how scholars are already generating methods more commensurate with the goal of cultural reform. Philosophers invested in changing public values should transition from debates in axiology (the study of values) to debating method, where axiology is just one method among others and not the one best suited to supporting cultural reform. A historical survey of the field suggests what scholars of environmental ethics are learning about methods that are both publicly engaged and culturally transformative.

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Patnaik, Prabhat. "Marxist theory and the October Revolution." Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy: A triannual Journal of Agrarian South Network and CARES 6, no. 2 (August 2017): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277976017731843.

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The theoretical basis of the October Revolution lay, not surprisingly, in a development of Marxism, but this development occurred through three successive rounds of theoretical debate, each stimulated by the specific Russian reality but each having a relevance far wider than the Russian context itself, and a relevance that abides to this day. While these three rounds of debate appear to be on three very different themes, each of them is concerned with the same question, namely, must a transition to socialism in any society await the ‘completion’ in some sense of the development of capitalism in that society? And if so, then what does the term ‘completion’ mean in this context? This essay seeks to provide answers to the question of what sort of revolutionary strategy is necessary to achieve the transition to socialism by considering the debates that took place at the time of the October revolution.

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King, Lawrence P. "Foreign Direct Investment and transition." European Journal of Sociology 41, no. 2 (November 2000): 227–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600007037.

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This article examines the debate on the developmental impact of foreign direct investment (FDI). While the most frequent finding within sociology is that FDI is harmful or at least less beneficial than domestic investment, most who study the transition from socialism or make economic policy in the region consider FDI to be a major motor of development. This paper examines the impact of FDI with a novel methodology. Rather than employing the standard analytic strategy that uses state-level macroeconomic data in a crossnational comparison, this article direcdy compares the performance of foreign owned firms to domestically owned firms. In the analysis six hypotheses derived from this debate on the role of FDI are tested with logistic regression on two large random sample surveys of Hungarian firms The findings support the position that foreign direct investment is beneficial for the recipient country. In addition, they support the idea that foreign owned firms are more beneficial than domestically owned firms.

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Van den Bergh, Jeroen, and Stefan Drews. "A transition to green ‘agrowth’." Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift 33, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/oew350316.

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We need to debate in science, politics and wider society the option of stepping outside the futile framing of pro- versus anti-growth. Realizing there is a third way, namely an agrowth strategy, can help to overcome existing polarization and weaken political resistance against effective environmental and climate policies.

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ALDANA, M., H. LARRALDE, and B. VÁZQUEZ. "ON THE EMERGENCE OF COLLECTIVE ORDER IN SWARMING SYSTEMS: A RECENT DEBATE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 18 (July 20, 2009): 3661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209053552.

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In this work, we consider the phase transition from ordered to disordered states that occur in the Vicsek model of self-propelled particles. This model was proposed to describe the emergence of collective order in swarming systems. When noise is added to the motion of the particles, the onset of collective order occurs through a dynamical phase transition. Based on their numerical results, Vicsek and his colleagues originally concluded that this phase transition was of second order (continuous). However, recent numerical evidence seems to indicate that the phase transition might be of first order (discontinuous), thus challenging Vicsek's original results. In this work, we review the evidence supporting both aspects of this debate. We also show new numerical results indicating that the apparent discontinuity of the phase transition may in fact be a numerical artifact produced by the artificial periodicity of the boundary conditions.

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Ouellette, Jennifer. "It Takes a Phase Transition." Boom 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2015.5.3.76.

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The author uses the debate over vaccines, and the recent passage of legislation in California that ended exemption from vaccines for reasons of personal belief, to explore how to change opinions on controversial topics. Research on the information deficit model, the affective tipping point, and notions of personal identity are discussed.

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Harrill, R., and T. D. Potts. "Social Psychological Theories of Tourist Motivation: Exploration, Debate, and Transition." Tourism Analysis 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354202108749989.

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Ibrahim, Jibrin. "Political Transition, Ethnoregionalism, and the "Power Shift" Debate in Nigeria." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 27, no. 1 (1999): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1166997.

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Anderson, Margaret, and Alison Mackinnon. "Women's agency in Australia's first fertility transition: a debate revisited." History of the Family 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1081602x.2014.990479.

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Swearingen, C. Jan. "Oral Hermeneutics During the Transition to Literacy: The Contemporary Debate." Cultural Anthropology 1, no. 2 (May 1986): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/can.1986.1.2.02a00020.

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Stephens, Neil, and Rebecca Dimond. "Debating CRISPR/cas9 and Mitochondrial Donation: Continuity and Transition Performances at Scientific Conferences." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 2 (December 4, 2016): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2016.80.

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Conferences are important performative sites. Here we detail a UK science policy conference debating the novel biomedical techniques CRISPR/cas9 and mitochondrial donation. Both techniques have received significant attention from scientists and bioethicists about their clinical potential, social implications, and the prospects of genetic and germline modification. In many countries the policy debates on regulating both technologies is ongoing and operating in tandem. The UK, however, is operating in a distinct policy context in that mitochondrial donation was formally legalized under license in 2015, meaning the British CRISPR/cas9 debates occur in the light of a confirmed policy position on mitochondrial donation. Our analysis of the Progress Educational Trust 2015 annual conference ‘From Three-Person IVF to Genome Editing’ argues that this event conducted important staging work in articulating the relationship between these two technologies in the UK. These efforts constitute what we call a ‘transition performance’ that (i) enacted the successful resolution of the mitochondrial donation policy debate, (ii) performed the success of British biomedical politics, and (iii) opened the space for a public debate on CRISPR/cas9 in line with a specifically configured set of legitimacy practices. Subsequently the conference contrasts to many other conferences that fit what we term a ‘continuity performance’ that seek to assert consistency and progress through iteration. We close by articulating further applications and developments of these notions in Science and Technology Studies.

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ten Brink, Tobias, and Oliver Nachtwey. "Lost in Transition: the German World-Market Debate in the 1970s." Historical Materialism 16, no. 1 (2008): 37–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920608x276288.

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AbstractThe persistence of economic and geopolitical conflicts beyond the 1990s has revived interest in explanations that analyse international conflicts in relation to capitalism. In this debate, many contributors have accepted one or another version of a strong globalisation theory, which reflects the hopes for an age of peace and prosperity as a largely co-operative process. This paper attempts to question this thesis by introducing an almost forgotten debate: the German world-market debate of the 1970s. This approach attempted to show how the general laws of motion of capitalism prevail under changing conditions. Furthermore it pointed to the existence of many states, which again and again reproduces the reality of multipolar competitive capitalism, albeit in changing forms. In the following we outline the central – sometimes diverging – insights, before subjecting them to a critical appraisal and identifying a number of points where the theses could be developed further. Taking up the threads of that debate without repeating its weaknesses could prove productive for today's discussion.

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Hatch, David A. "BECKETT IN TRANSITION: , Little Magazines, and Post-War Parisian Aesthetic Debate." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 15, no. 1 (November 1, 2005): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-015001007.

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fits into a larger dialogue on aesthetics that occurs in and around magazine following World War II. In the text Samuel Beckett and Georges Duthuit not only dismiss the modernist agenda established by Eugene Jolas in the previous transition journal, but they also critique discussions about contemporary art exhibitions and enter into the Jean-Paul Sartre/Surrealist debate.

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Iwasaki, Ichiro, and Taku Suzuki. "RADICALISM VERSUS GRADUALISM: AN ANALYTICAL SURVEY OF THE TRANSITION STRATEGY DEBATE." Journal of Economic Surveys 30, no. 4 (May 21, 2015): 807–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joes.12110.

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Gal, Susan. "Gender in the Post-socialist Transition: the Abortion Debate in Hungary." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 8, no. 2 (March 1994): 256–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325494008002003.

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Benn, Piers. "THE GAY MARRIAGE DEBATE – AFTERTHOUGHTS." Think 13, no. 36 (December 17, 2013): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175613000298.

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This article analyses some familiar arguments both for, and against, same-sex civil marriage. I argue that it is not enough to defend gay marriage by a simple appeal to equality, unless one addresses the view that same-sex marriage would be contrary to the objective nature and purpose of marriage. I illustrate the ways in which a stand-off is reached in discussions of this particular matter. I also suggest that there is a mystery about what the ‘upgrade’ from a faithful relationship to marriage amounts to, but that part of the answer is that marriage embodies a state-recognized social transition. This is underpinned by the interest that society has in marriage, largely owing to its facilitating a stable environment for children. However, I suggest that marriage also properly functions as a way to uphold commitment and love, and conclude that that there is no good reason not to uphold – through marriage – those things in same-sex relationships. But I concede that religious organisations with theological objections to same-sex marriage should not be obliged to conduct gay weddings.

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Gittings, John. "The Years of Great Debate." China Quarterly 143 (September 1995): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000014983.

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The year which I spent as acting editor of The China Quarterly was a time of turmoil and transition for China studies which now seems very far away. How contemporary China should be perceived was a matter for intense and sometimes bitter argument. This was part of the wider controversy over the whole nature of Asian studies and its relationship to government policy which had arisen out of the American intervention in Vietnam. The difficulty of understanding the Cultural Revolution and the lack of scholarly access to China only sharpened the debate. Yet Western China scholarship was on the verge of a new leap forward which would soon make China more penetrable than at any time since 1949. For the year of 1971–72 led from ping-pong diplomacy to Richard Nixon's on-the-spot discovery that the Great Wall of China really was great. Before long even those scholars who had maintained that China was better studied from a safe distance found that their institutions were able to secure tempting access to the mainland.

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Benasso, Sebastiano, and Sveva Magaraggia. "In transition … Where to? Rethinking Life Stages and Intergenerational Relations of Italian Youth." Societies 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9010007.

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This article wants to contribute to the ongoing debate within youth studies about the frameworks and concepts that inform research on the meanings of and transitions into adulthood. It aims to contribute to debates about the changing nature of life stages and the need for new conceptual categories and definitions of adulthood and of intergenerational relations. Thus, the first question that drives our reflections is: How do the radical transformations implied in the transition to adulthood pathway change the metaphors used to describe it, the ways of defining adulthood itself, and the scope for mutual recognition amongst different generations? Indeed, intergenerational relationships acquire more complexity in a framework in which a) structural factors like the precarisation of the labour market and the aging population heighten reciprocal interdependence and b) changes in the life-course patterns distance the different generations, especially in terms of biographical sense-making. These theoretical reflections arise from empirical work done in Northern Italy, with thirty-something people who are struggling with a prolonged and de-standardised transition process, negotiating “new adult roles”, particularly in the field of parenthood). This complex transition is significant and widespread in Italian context that, as part of the group of Southern welfare states, has low levels of welfare provision and high reliance on the family as a form of support.

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Brandon, Pepijn. "Marxism and the ‘Dutch Miracle’: The Dutch Republic and the Transition-Debate." Historical Materialism 19, no. 3 (2011): 106–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920611x573806.

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AbstractThe Dutch Republic holds a marginal position in the debate on the transition from feudalism to capitalism, despite its significance in the early stage of the development of global capitalism. While the positions of those Marxists who did consider the Dutch case range from seeing it as the first capitalist country to rejecting it as an essentially non-capitalist commercial society, all involved basically accept an image of Dutch development as being driven by commerce rather than real advances in the sphere of production. Their shared interpretation of the Dutch ‘Golden Age’, however, rests on an interpretation of Dutch economic history that does not match the current state of historical knowledge. Rereading the debate on the Dutch trajectory towards capitalism in the light of recent economic historiography seriously challenges established views, and questions both major strands in the transition-debate.

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Bull, Martin J. "The Italian transition that never was." Modern Italy 17, no. 1 (February 2012): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.640423.

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The recent argument that the notion of ‘transition’ should be set aside in attempting to explain the trajectory of Italian politics in the past two decades is to be welcomed, but does not go far enough in explaining why we, as Italianists, got our case wrong and how exactly we might get our case right today. The transitional ‘myth’ was born and maintained despite growing evidence of its inherently problematic nature, in both conceptual and empirical terms. The concept of ‘transition’ needs more serious conceptual treatment and empirical application, but even with this work it is unlikely to be concluded that Italy is in transition. Freeing Italy and Italianists from this conventional wisdom, while, at the same time, not abandoning the idea that something exceptional happened to Italian politics in the early 1990s will help enrich the debate on the nature of the political change that Italy has experienced in the past 17 years.

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Beaulier, Scott, Peter Boettke, and Leonid Krasnozhon. "In defense of shock therapy: Post-socialist transition of the Czech Republic." Journal of Governance and Regulation 1, no. 2 (2012): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v1_i2_p4.

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Popov (2007, 2000), Kolodko (2000), and Stiglitz (1999) argue that a shock therapy approach has a negative effect on post-socialist transition. Their benchmark for shock therapy, however, refers to the debate on the speed of market reforms. We propose that a more meaningful benchmark is the experience of the Czech Republic, Russia, and other transition economies which share similar approach to the market reforms, but have solved political economy problems of credibility and commitment differently. We compare the Czech Republic’s economic, political, and social performance to these benchmarks in all other post-socialist countries since they began their transitions. We find that the Czech transition is a consistent success because the Havel shock therapy has solved the political economy problems of reform’s credibility and state’s commitment to reform.

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Nalule, Victoria, and Theophilus Acheampong. "Energy Transition Indicators in African Countries: Managing the Possible Decline of Fossil Fuels and Tackling Energy Access Challenges." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 12, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v12i1.2.

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The global move to tackle climate change as envisaged in the 2015 Paris Agreement has necessitated debates and action geared towards transitioning to a low carbon economy. Although there is no agreed international definition of energy transition, the focus has been put to a shift from fossil fuels to renewables. This paper is intended to contribute to the global debate on energy transition with a focus on the initiatives taking place in a few selected countries. The argument in this paper is to the effect that many developing countries still need fossil fuels to tackle energy access challenges and ensure economic growth. Nevertheless, this does not in any way mean that these countries are climate change deniers. In this respect, the question to be addressed in this article is how can we measure energy transition efforts in developing countries? In responding to this question, the article attempts to develop and analyse some key energy transition indicators.

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Mok, Ka Ho, and John Hudson. "Managing Social Change and Social Policy in Greater China: Welfare Regimes in Transition?" Social Policy and Society 13, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746413000596.

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Discussion of welfare regimes and welfare state ideal types continues to dominate comparative social policy analysis, but the focus of the debate has expanded considerably since the publication of Esping-Andersen's (1990) groundbreaking The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Shifts in this debate have been prompted by a mixture of theoretical and empirical concerns raised by comparative social policy scholars, but they have also resulted from a more general internationalisation of social policy research agendas within the academy too. In particular, there has been a strong desire to expand the scope of the debate to encompass nations and regions not included in Esping-Andersen's initial study of just eighteen high income OECD states.

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Barua, Mintu. "Contest for Dominance: US–China Rivalry in Asia." China Report 56, no. 4 (October 17, 2020): 484–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445520963415.

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There is an ongoing debate whether China is a satisfied power or a dissatisfied revisionist power. On the basis of the concept of regime insecurity and power transition theory, this article argues that the resolution of this debate mainly depends on some essentially interrelated complex factors—China’s assertive behaviour, China’s core interests, China’s internal security, and China’s involvement in territorial disputes. Moreover, this article examines the validity of the usual claim of power transition theory that the dominant power is always satisfied with the status quo, and contrary to this idea of power transition theory, this article suggests that the dominant power can be dissatisfied and revisionist too if its hegemony is under threat.

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Sommerseth, Ingrid. "Archaeology and the debate on the transition from reindeer hunting to pastoralism." Rangifer 31, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.31.1.2033.

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The distinctive Sami historical land use concerning reindeer management and settlement of inner Troms, North Norway, is reflected in places with archaeological remains. The insight and knowledge connected with these places can be accessed through oral traditions and place-names where reindeer management is embedded in reindeer knowledge developed over long time spans. Previous distinctions between wild reindeer hunting and pastoral herding can be redefined, since much of the traditional knowledge concerning the wild reindeer (goddi) may have been transferred to the domesticated animals (boazu). The transition from reindeer hunting to pastoralism is a current research focus and archaeological results from inner Troms indicate that several Sami dwellings with árran (hearths) are related to a transitional period from AD 1300 to 1400. This period is marked by a reorganisation of the inland Sami siida (collective communities), and changes in landscape use wherein seasonal cycles and grazing access began to determine the movements of people and their domestic reindeer herds. This reorganisation was a response to both external political relations and the inner dynamic of the Sami communities. The first use of tamed reindeer was as decoys and draft animals in the hunting economy, only later becoming the mainstay of household food supply in reindeer pastoralism, providing insurance for future uncertainties. The formation of the national border between Norway-Denmark and Sweden in 1751 led to extensive changes in the previously trans-national mobility pattern, leading to fragmentation of the old siidas and to a new stage of nomadic pastoral economy.

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Kempt, Lars. "THE GERMAN ENERGY TRANSITION AND ITS STUMBLING BLOCKS—PROMOTION OF POWER GENERATION FROM PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE GERMAN ENERGY TRANSITION." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4204.

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The energy transition that began in Germany in 2000 is widely accepted by the population. Opinion research institutes report that more than 90 per cent agree with the policy adopted. Nevertheless, in the public debate in recent years increasingly critical opinions were voiced. In particular, the increased costs of the energy transitin are discussed, which are to be borne by the population and the economy. Despite increased burdens in all areas of the energy transition, the criticism is mostly due to the increased burden on electricity customers through the increased use of renewable energy. One reason for this is the increase in the Renewable Energy Act (EEG / Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) surcharge, which finances the expansion of renewable energies and which ultimately has to be borne by the customers of the energy supply companies. This surcharge increased by 74 per cent in the years 2012 to 2014 alone. One of the main reasons for this was the excessive subsidization of electricity from photovoltaic systems from 2008 to 2012, which was primarily used by major investors and resulted in a massive expansion. Although the share of renewable energies in the German electricity mix has thus increased, an economic equivalent, such as a sustainable increase in jobs or high export figures among the companies that produce these plants, was not observed. Today, economists ask to what extent this mistake could have been avoided and to what extent this has damaged the reputation of the energy transition. The economic policy debate on this issue is led by various interest groups whose opinions are widely divergent. Establishing public consensus is difficult, yet essential for a successful continuation of the energy transition.

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Tagotra, Niharika. "The Political Economy of Renewable Energy: Prospects and Challenges for the Renewable Energy Sector in India Post-Paris Negotiations." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 73, no. 1 (March 2017): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928416686584.

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The global emphasis on reduction in carbon footprint has brought the issue of clean energy back into focus. There are two most notable aspects of the debate. The first aspect concerns the tension it has generated globally between the green energy industry and the traditional energy industries while the second aspect of the debate concerns the developing countries, which lack the necessary infrastructure and technology to make the transition to clean energy. This transition amounts to a remarkable shift in the socio-economic paradigms of developing nations like India which have a largely carbon-based economy. In this article, we study the global transition to clean energy using the political economy framework, wherein we analyse the role played by international regimes, national governments and energy companies in facilitating or inhibiting this transition. We also try and ponder over the impact this transition has on emerging economies like India and how they seek to cope with this while resolving the tension between economic growth and sustainability.

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Palau-Sampio, Dolors, Rubén Rivas-de-Roca, and Emilio Fernández-Peña. "Framing Food Transition: The Debate on Meat Production and Climate Change in Three European Countries." Social Sciences 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120567.

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The link between meat production and climate change has fostered increasing social debate in recent years. Livestock is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, among other global problems attached to the meat industry. However, this debate is often presented as one-dimensional, without a comprehensive approach. As the media plays a key role in shaping public perceptions of nutrition, this study aims to examine how the matter of food transition and climate change is addressed by three centre-left media outlets from Germany (Der Tagesspiegel), the United Kingdom (The Guardian) and Spain (El País). A search including the words *meat* and *climate change* in different languages, performed over one year (2021), resulted in a sample of available news items (N = 273). Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we analysed the coverage in terms of scope and use of frames. The results showed a scant number of news items combining climate change and meat consumption, though there were some differences indicating a greater awareness in the United Kingdom. Most of the news items from the three countries applied frames based on solutions from an environmental perspective. Media attention was discontinuous and sometimes determined by political debates, which made it difficult to reflect upon the underlying issues.

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Pue, W. Wesley. "Exorcising Professional Demons: Charles Rann Kennedy and the Transition to the Modern Bar." Law and History Review 5, no. 1 (1987): 135–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743939.

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History abounds with debates which turn on the seemingly innocuous question as to whether fundamental change did or did not occur in any particular period. Many such controversies are well-known: Was there or was there not a ‘Tudor revolution’? Was there or was there not an ‘agricultural revolution’? What about a ‘great transformation’? A revolutionary change in Canadian government in 1982? A ‘making’ of the English working class? A ‘transformation’ or ‘Americanization’ of American law? Are we or are we not at the present conjuncture in the process of a fundamental—and globe spanning—transformation to a dominant corporatist ideology? The examples of this sort of debate can be multiplied almost endlessly.

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Cummings, Vicki, and Oliver Harris. "Animals, People and Places: The Continuity of Hunting and Gathering Practices across the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in Britain." European Journal of Archaeology 14, no. 3 (2011): 361–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146195711798356700.

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This article considers the long-debated and thorny issue of the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in Britain. The apparently polarised debate that has dominated this discussion is, we suggest, unhelpful, and rather than positing either total colonisation from abroad, or simple indigenous continuity, we propose a model where both incomers and autochthons had their part to play. To explore this further we trace continuities across the divide in practices of hunting and gathering, and place these alongside the demonstrable evidence for change.

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Becker, Sören, and Matthias Naumann. "Rescaling Energy? Räumliche Neuordnungen in der deutschen Energiewende." Geographica Helvetica 72, no. 3 (July 24, 2017): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-72-329-2017.

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Abstract. The German energy transition is not only characterized by wide technological changes but also by spatial restructuring. The decentralization of energy supply potentially increases the importance of the regional or local scale. The Anglo-American debate on the Politics of Scale addresses the production and transformation of scale while energy issues have not yet been systematically addressed. This paper combines the theoretical paradigms of scale, rescaling and scalar strategies with empirical examples from the German energy transition. Using the cases of energy regions, remunicipalizations and social movements, the implications of the German energy transition are analyzed regarding the role of scale. The paper argues that the perspective of the Politics of Scale can contribute not only to a better understanding of the different dimensions of energy transitions but also to critical energy geographies in general.

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Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina. "Whither Russia? A Review of Andrei Shleifer's A Normal Country." Journal of Economic Literature 45, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.45.1.127.

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In this review, the author reflects on the heated debates around views about Russia's postcommunist transition expressed in essays collected in new Andrei Shleifer's book, A Normal Country: Russia after Communism (Harvard University Press, 2005), which were initially published at different times during transition. She focuses on the three questions that have been in the center of the debate among academics and policymakers: What should the sequencing and the speed of reforms be? Should a country have political centralization for fiscal decentralization to be efficient? Is Russia normal? The author argues that Russia's most recent history provides convincing evidence in support of the logic of political and economic transformation as it was understood by Shleifer as early as the beginning of the 1990s.

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Høigilt, Jacob, and Kjetil Selvik. "Debating terrorism in a political transition: Journalism and democracy in Tunisia." International Communication Gazette 82, no. 7 (January 10, 2020): 664–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048519897519.

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In March 2015, in the midst of a political transition, Tunisia was rocked by a terrorist attack at the Bardo Museum in downtown Tunis in which 21 people were killed. How did Tunisian journalists manage the tension between a heightened sense of insecurity and the country’s uncertain democratic development? This article analyses journalistic commentary on the causes and implications of terrorism four years into the transition sparked by the Arab uprisings. It provides an empirically nuanced perspective on the role of journalism in political transitions, focusing on journalists as arbitrators in public debate. We argue that influential Tunisian journalists fell back on interpretive schema from the Ben Ali era when they tried to make sense of the Bardo attack, thus facilitating the authoritarian drift of the Tunisian government at the time. They actively contributed to the non-linearity of a political transition, despite enjoying real freedom of speech.

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Wood, Ellen Meiksins. "Capitalism, Merchants and Bourgeois Revolution: Reflections on the Brenner Debate and its Sequel." International Review of Social History 41, no. 2 (August 1996): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113872.

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The “Brenner Debate” launched by Past and Present in 1976 was about “agrarian class structure and economic development in pre-industrial Europe”. Robert Brenner's recent book, Merchants and Revolution, has opened a new front in the debate by introducing merchants and “commercial change” into the equation. Although the book's massive Postscript carefully situates Brenner's analysis of commercial development in the context of his earlier account of the agrarian transition from feudalism to capitalism, this is unlikely to foreclose debate about how, or even whether, his more recent argument about the role of merchants in the English revolution can be squared with the original Brenner thesis. What is at issue here is not just divergent interpretations of historical evidence but larger differences about the nature of capitalism. The following argument has more to do with the latter than with the former, and it will be concerned with Brenner's work and the debates surrounding it not just for their own sake but for what they reveal about the dominant conceptions of capitalism, in Marxist and non-Marxist histories alike.

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Resta, Valeria. "The effect of electoral autocracy in Egypt's failed transition: a party politics perspective." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 49, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.6.

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AbstractAlthough the failed democratic transition in Egypt following the Arab Spring is unanimously held as a poster child for the stubbornness of authoritarianism in the MENA region, its determinants remain disputed. Contributing to this debate, this article focuses on the noxious effects of past electoral authoritarianism on the transitional party system. More specifically, through quantitative text analysis, the article demonstrates that transitional parties’ agency is largely the by-product of the way in which political competition was structured under the previous electoral autocracy. On the one hand, the uneven structure of opportunity upholding previous rule is central to the lack of pluralism. On the other hand, the previous regime's practice of playing opposition actors against each other through identity politics is at the root of the absence of common ground among the aforementioned parties during the transition.

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Kamrava, Mehran. "Revolution Revisited: The Structuralist-Voluntarist Debate." Canadian Journal of Political Science 32, no. 2 (June 1999): 317–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900010519.

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AbstractThere are three ideal types of revolutions: spontaneous, planned and negotiated. The role and importance of structural factors versus human agency vary according to the general category to which a particular revolution belongs. In spontaneous revolutions, both the transition and conslidation phases are heavily conditioned by prevailing structural factors, especially those that result in the weakening of ruling state institutions and the political mobilization of one or more social groups. By contrast, in planned revolutions self-declared revolutionaries take the lead in both mobilizing supporters and weakening the state, in fact often having a highly elaborate ideological—as well as tactical and strategic—blueprint for the acquisition and consolidation of power. Negotiated revolutions see the greatest coalescence of forces involving both structural developments and human agency. The seeds of the revolution have germinated, but the prevailing structural developments are not by themselves sufficient to bring about the revolution's success. Actors representing both state and society must step in to negotiate, and only then might the revolution succeed and be consolidated.

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Henry, Paget, Magnus Blomstrom, and Bjorn Hettne. "Development Theory in Transition: The Dependency Debate and Beyond: Third World Responses." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 5 (September 1986): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071082.

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Balcerowicz, Leszek. "Common Fallacies in the Debate on the Transition to a Market Economy." Economic Policy 9, no. 19 (December 1994): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1344599.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Transition Debate'

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