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Academic literature on the topic 'Transgression (géologie) – Holocène – Flandre'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transgression (géologie) – Holocène – Flandre"
Ouchaou, Rachid. "Evolution morphosédimentaire de la plaine maritime flamande depuis l'Antiquité : apport des prospections géoradar à la géoarchéologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR081.
Full textGround-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical prospecting tool used to image the finest discontinuities of the underground where the soil is not too conductive. GPR equipment was acquired in 2020 by the Oceanology and Geosciences Laboratory (LOG), which gave rise to bachelor's and master's internships supervised as part of this thesis, as well as academic and industrial collaborations. The first part of the results presented in this memoir is a summary of the surveys carried out on a variety of targets to test the method. GPR gives excellent results on wind-blown sands, and makes it possible to reconstruct the evolution of the coastal dunes affected by climate change. Examples of very-high resolution architectures are provided on the Slack and Pilat dunes. The combined use of different GPR antennas allows describing the mechanisms of sand erosion and deposition, from the scale of seasonal events to that of dune construction on a millennial scale. The backshore area is also explored. The Flemish coastal plain contains sandbodies of kilometer extension, partly buried under the silt of the polders, and which are strategic both for water resources and for the diversity of natural environments. One of the best known is the Ghyvelde fossil dune, an area managed by the Coastal Conservatory. The GPR profiles carried out on the Ghyvelde dune make it possible to image a few meters below the dune a sandy unit of marine or estuarine origin. The polders themselves constitute a target, against all expectations given the clayey and conductive component of these lands. By previously stripping the topsoil, the GPR signal penetrates sufficiently (4m) to image the last channels that drained the plain before it dried up. Finally, two examples show the potential of GPR in geological studies of deeper sedimentary or rocky layers. In the Brussels sands of the Leuven region (Belgium), a penetration depth of more than 30 meters was obtained with a low frequency antenna, making it possible to reconstruct the geometry of tidal sand bar cropping in a sand pit and thereby to guide the sand mining. In the faluns of Anjou, on the heritage and tourist geosite of Perrières, the profiles obtained show the possibility of perfectly imaging the architecture of the rock layers exposed in the subterraneous quarries. Profiles realized on the roads show the feasability of potential extensive mapping by installing the tool on a vehicle. The results obtained on these targets opened up possibilities for developing other areas of research in applied geosciences, particularly with regard to georesources, geoheritage, geohazards and geoenvironment. The memoir presents these different aspects through an article manuscript submitted for publication in a co-edited book produced for decision makers. The second part of the thesis results presented in this memoir is focused on the work done in collaboration with INRAP (the National Institute of Research in Preventive Archaeology) on the Flemish coastal plain. It justifies the title of the dissertation, and is the subject of a manuscript submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal (The Depositional Record). This concerns the evolution since the Middle Age of the eastern bank of the paleo-Denna, a banch of the paleo-delta of the Aa river that had its mouth between Gravelines and Dunkirk. About 30km of GPR profiles acquired as part of the archaeological diagnosis prior to the extension of the Grand Maritime Port of Dunkirk were used to map the last estuarine channels and their evolution during land reclamation. They show progressive shift of the front dikes towards the west which resulted in replacement of the channel system by a continuous layer sandier than the underlying estuarine sediments. This ultimate deposit forms the substrate of the modern agricultural soil of the coastal plain
Margotta, José. "Stratigraphic architecture and sedimentary evolution of the Holocene deposits in the French Flemish coastal plain, Northern France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10012/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to reconstruct the evolution of the Holocene deposits along the French Flemish Coastal Plain. This approach is achieved combining available and newly dataset from boreholes, cores descriptions and, for the first time in this plain, the interpretation of VHR seismic profiles on the coastal plain waterways. The study of lithology, micropaleontological assemblages (foraminifera and pollen analyses) and clay mineralogy provides the basis to recognize five sedimentary facies as representative of the Holocene infill. These sedimentary facies were interpreted as depositional facies assemblages in accordance to their depositional features. Depositional facies were grouped in three sedimentary units that better define the depositional environment. From base to top, the units are: alluvial plain, tide-dominated estuary and tidal flats. The alluvial plain consists of late Pleistocene deposits while estuarine and tidal flats units represent the Holocene deposits covering almost the whole available accommodation space. Distribution and geometry of these sedimentary units and their internal architecture of depositional facies were observed from ten cross-sections that cover most of the coastal plain. Stratigraphic arrangement shows the interaction of the Holocene sea-level rise and the coastal hydrodynamic conditions, dominated by the macrotidal regime and influenced by waves action, as the main factors that ruled the sedimentation of the area. This study opens new possibilities to better understand the coastal processes that acted in this lowland, as well as serves as a basis for future studies or modelling possible future scenario
Mrani, Alaoui Méha. "Evolution des environnements sédimentaires holocènes de la plaine maritime flamande du nord de la France : eustatisme et processus." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0170.
Full textEight mechanical boreholes carried out in the extreme western (French) part of the Flemish coastal plain were variously analysed together with descriptions from 1000 cores obtained between 1974 and 2005 with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the Holocene deposits, processes and sea-level history. The analysis of the mechanical boreholes has essentially involved determination of bedding, grain-size changes and foraminiferal assemblages. Additional analyses of quartz grain surface features under the scanning electron microscope and of the geochemistry of these deposits were also carried out. A total of 56 radiocarbon ages were obtained from various sites and depths throughout the study area. The global stratigraphy of the deposits consists of four units overlying the Pleistocene substratum. Unit 1 above the Pleistocene substratum corresponds to a widespread basal freshwater peat. Unit 2 comprises interbeds of peat and organic horizons with clayey tidal flat sediments and is capped by a relatively thick intermediate (to surface) peat that represents the widespread development of freshwater marshes. Unit 3 corresponds to a new phase of tidal flat sedimentation consisting of silt and/or clay overlying the surface peat. This unit represents the end phase of tidal plain infill which also comprises sandy or finer-grained tidal channel fill deposits. Unit 4 corresponds to dune, beach, and shoreface deposits marking the development of barrier formations that finally closed off the tidal plain from the sea. Phases of development of this unit, a full subject in its own right, are not considered in this thesis. The radiocarbon ages obtained from the peat beds in this part of the coastal plain have enabled the construction of a sea-level curve covering much of the Holocene from about 8000 cal BP. The sea-level history established from these ages and from more detailed studies in the Belgian part of the plain clearly show that the older interpretation of these deposits in terms of late Holocene transgressions and regressions is not valid and should be completely discarded. The sedimentary environments show strong spatio-temporal variability hinged on several parameters. These include the rate of sea-level rise relative to sediment supply (accommodation space), the morphology of the Pleistocene substratum, the proximity of fluvial and tidal channels, and of the sea. Among these parameters, the only one of regional extent is sea-level rise. Sedimentation has undoubtelly involved constant adjustements between accommodation space created by sea-level rise, sediment supply which infilled this space and the behaviour of tides, notably variations in tidal range and asymmetry and their influence on tidal channel morphology and hydrodynamics, and sediment compaction. The behaviour of intercalated beds, notably peat beds, had a strongly local character, thus imprinting marked spatio-temporal stratigraphic diversity. At the base, infill of irregularities in the Pleistocene surface is discontinuous over time. The proximity of the sea (base level) created conditions of impeded terrestrial drainage favourable to the widespread development of freshwater marshes and subsequent peat. The sandy/silty sedimentation that followed occurred under tidally dominated conditions associated with sea-level rise. The marked slow down in sea-level towards 5500 cal BP, especially well documented by the Belgian studies, enabled anew phase of (surface) peat development. At this stage, as a result of the very slow rate of sea-level, control of tidal flat sedimentation was relinquished to other parameters, notably morphodynamic, dominated essentially by changes in tides and tidal channel activity and by compaction of deposits, especially peat
Gandouin, Emmanuel. "Enregistrement paléoclimatique interdisciplinaire de la transgression holocène : signature paléo-environnementale des Chironomidae (Diptères) du Bassin de Saint-Omer (France)." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/282f36e5-74ea-45bf-b4f4-b21eef5b938d.
Full textJoly, Camille. "Histoire de la végétation dans l'espace centre-ouest atlantique (France) : relations sociétés / végétation et évolution du trait de côte depuis le Mésolithique récent-final." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2027.
Full textStory of vegetation in the Atlantic center west region was studied using palynological analysis of nine sites located in the coastal Vendée and Saintonge. Interdisciplinary process allowed to tackle the evolution of the plant cover under the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors, which durably made the landscape. Since the Preboreal period, coastline suffered geomorphological changes by series of transgressions and regressions of the sea level. Coastal plains were quickly filled up in the Atlantic period and progressive erecting of dunes involved filling of lagoons to obtain the current maritime marshes. Since the end of the Mesolithic period, forest ecosystem was subject to clearing activities, which were sometimes accompanied by occurences of cultivated plants. Precocity of witnesses of agricultural activities, which were detected in the present study, raises questionning about their spread agents
Traini, Camille René Antoine. "L' estuaire de la Vilaine : évolution naturelle et anthropisation." Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIS165.
Full textThe estuary of the naughty boy is located on the Atlantic facade in Southern Brittany. Since 1970, the dam of arzal protects floods the swamps of redon constitute an important reserve of fresh water and a main highway. The presence of this work perturbed in the time and the space the dynamics sedimentary hydro of the estuary; this is mainly translated by a mudding pronounced by the estuarienne portion in the approval of the dam. About twenty years approximately were needed so that this work is integrated into the estuarien landscape and so that the action of the parameters hydrodynamics natures resumes its rights. The anthropological impacts must be thus taken into account in the morpho sedimentary functioning to plan their evolution and test the curative and preventive solutions. The inheritance géomorphologique through the parameters hydrodynamics (wind swell and dynamics tidale) governed the sedimentary deposits and the valley flooded estuarienne approximately 10000 - 9000 years ago BP. La power of these deposits is important. Localement it reaches about forty meters. Five sequences of marine transgressifs deposits recognized in the bais of the naughty boy are also present within the valley of the estuary and perceived up to approximately 40 km inside lands. The morphological control as well as architecture deposits are significant of a sedimentary environment of type ria. The estuarien space of the naughty boy thus registered the sum of the natural and anthropological factors and will know new modifications in connection with the ascent of the marine level during these next years
Durand, Matthieu. "De l'estuaire à l'océan : expression des forçages locaux et globaux dans l'enregistrement sédimentaire de la dynamique de la Loire depuis l'Holocène Moyen." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0037/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to reconstruct changes in the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the Loire River according to global and regional climatic variations since the Middle Holocene (~ 7 ka), in a general context of slowing down of sea-level rise. The impact of the recent human settlements undertaken in the internal Loire estuary since the beginning of the 20th century is also considered. To achieve this objective, the studied sedimentary sequences were collected along a land-sea continuum from the internal estuary, to the incised paleovalleys off the present-day river mouth, until the northern part of the Bay of Biscay (South Brittany). The imbrication of both temporal and spatial dimensions makes the originality of this research on the scale of the Loire River, but also its complexity. In order to deconvolute the various recorded signals, we used a multiproxy approach combining sedimentological, micropaleontological (benthic foraminifera) and geochemical analyses, within a chronological framework constrained by 14C and 210Pb/137Cs dating. Our results show that the Middle to Late Holocene slowing down of sea-level rise plays a major role in shaping the estuarine landscape and in the channelization of the terrigenous flow towards the ocean. At the same time, this terrigenous flow is modulated on a larger scale by internal and external climatic forcing (e.g., North Atlantic Oscillation, solar forcing) controlling humidity over the Loire River catchment area, the occurrence of storms and ocean surface circulation. The most recent parts of our estuarine sedimentary sequences record the impact of human settlements since the beginning of the 20th century modifying significantly the morphology of the inner estuary and the location of the main river channel