Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transgenic barley'
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1
Osorio, Claudia E. "Development of transgenic barley expressing human type I collagen." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2004/c%5Fosorio%5F121304.pdf.
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Stahl, Yvonne. "Characterisation of the barley limit dextrinase inhibitor and manipulation of its expression in transgenic barley." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/417.
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Nobre, Jose Manso Preto. "Studies on methods for the genetic manipulation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336932.
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Ilett, Colin John. "The characterisation of barley and wheat oxalate oxidases expressed in transgenic plants." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4875/.
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Oxalate oxidase is a water soluble, thermolabile, homo-oligomeric glycoprotein the synthesis of which marks the onset of germination In wheat and barley embryos. The protein Is also highly abundant In barley roots. The enzyme has an average oligomer molecular mass of about 115 kDa and about 22.8 kDa for the monomers, as determined by mass spectrometry. The ollgomeric cereal oxalate oxidases are resistant to dissociation In SDS containing media and to digestion by pepsin. The cereal organs produce two oxalate oxidase Isoforms (G and G') which possess the same apoprotein but are differentially glycosylated. The oligosaccharide side chain(s) has a molecular mass of about 2-3 kDa. Barley root also contains a third active oxalate oxidase isoform with a mass of about 22.5 kDa, which was not detected in germinating embryos of the same cultlvar. All of the cereal oxalate oxidases were shown to have identical N-terminal amino acid sequences and almost identical kinetic properties This thesis describes the characterisation of oxalate oxidases Isolated from three transgenic plants lines, expressing chimeric CaMV 35S-oxalate oxidase genes. SGS5 tobacco was expressing a gene with the native oxalate oxidase signal peptide and 3S1 oilseed rape and C26 tobacco were expressing a gene containing a foreign extensin signal peptide. Transgenic SGS5 tobacco produced an oxalate oxidase which was almost indistinguishable from the native cereal protein, in terms of Its structure, stability, enzyme activity and resistance to dissociation In SDS containing media and digestion by pepsin. This work Illustrated the ability of a dicotyledonous plant (tobacco) to recognised and correctly process a transgenic monocotyledon protein (wheat).Transgenic 3S1 oilseed rape and C26 tobacco were shown to produce active oligomeric oxalate oxidases, which did not exhibit any of the unusual resistance properties normally associated with these proteins. Instead the 3S1 and C26 oxalate oxidases were unstable and exhibited significantly altered kinetic properties compared with the native cereal and transgenic SGS5 enzymes. The instability was thought to have arisen from the Incorrect processing of the 3S1 and C26 oxalate oxidases, resulting in the partial cleavage of the extensin signal peptide, which in turn gave rise to a mature oxalate oxidase with an altered N- terminal sequence compared with the native cereal enzyme. The use of vacuum infiltration confirmed the association of the transgenic enzymes with the extracellular spaces, although the majority of the enzyme was shown to be intracellular. The main objective for producing the transgenic oilseed rape expressing oxalate oxidase was to Improve fungal pathogen resistance against oxalic acid secreting pathogens. The results described in this thesis are concerned with a direct comparison of the structure, stability and kinetics between the native cereal and transgenic oxalate oxidases and the possible consequences for pathogen resistance In plants expressing unstable yet active transgenic enzymes.
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Salvo-Garrido, Haroldo E. "Genome analysis in wild (Hordeum bulbosum L.) and transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327510.
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Carlson, Alvar R. "Visual selection of transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) structures and their regeneration into green plants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35872.pdf.
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Marris, Claire. "Regulation of the expression of a seed-protein gene from barley in transgenic tobacco plants." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254327.
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Goodall, Andrew James. "Identification and expression analyses of cystolic glutamine synthetase genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3746.
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Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme in nitrogen (N) assimilation, especially during seed development. This thesis has identified three cytosolic GS isoforms (HvGS1) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Golden Promise). The quantitation of gene expression, isoform localisation and response to N supply has revealed that each gene plays a non-redundant role in different tissues throughout seedling development. The localisation of HvGS1_1 in vascular cells of different tissues, combined with its abundance in the stem and its response to changes in N supply, indicate that HvGS1_1 is important in N transport and remobilisation. HvGS1_1 is located on chromosome 6H at 72.54 cM, close to the marker HVM074 which is associated with a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for grain protein content (GPC). HvGS1_1 may be a potential candidate gene to manipulate barley GPC. HvGS1_2 mRNA was localised to the leaf mesophyll cells, in both the cortex and the pericycle of roots and was the dominant HvGS1 isoform in these tissues. HvGS1_2 expression increased in the leaves with an increasing supply of N, suggesting that its role is in the primary assimilation of N. HvGS1_3 was specifically and predominantly localised in the grain, being highly expressed throughout grain development. HvGS1_3 expression increased specifically in the roots of plants grown on high NH₄⁺ suggesting that it has a primary role in grain N assimilation and also in the protection from ammonium toxicity in roots. The expression of the HvGS1 genes is directly correlated with both protein and enzymatic activity, indicating that transcriptional regulation is of prime importance in the control of GS activity in barley. Analysis of 15 different barley cultivars found no correlation between HvGS expression and various desirable attributes. Transgenics which over-express and silence individual HvGS1 isoforms have been produced and confirmed, to analyse for changes in beneficial traits.
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Mandala, Giulia. "Reinforcing and broadening wheat resistance against Fusarium diseases by a barley deoxynivalenol detoxifying UDP‐glucosyltransferase and its pyramiding with ectopic glycosidase inhibitors." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0132.
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Les maladies du blé causées par Fusarium, comme la brulure de l’épi (FHB) et la pourriture de la tige (FCR), entrainent une réduction de production, de la qualité du blé et des problèmes de sécurité alimentaire liés à la présence de mycotoxines affectant la santé de l’Homme et des animaux: la plus représentée étant le déoxynivalénol (DON). Le DON est un inhibiteur de la synthèse protéique qui agit durant l’infection comme un facteur de virulence. La glycosylation du DON en D3G (DON-3-O-glicoside) catalysée par des UDP-glycosyltransférases (UGTs) est le principal mécanisme de protection des plantes contre sa toxicité. Dans ce travail, nous avons démontré que la détoxification du DON par l’UGT confère une résistance à large spectre contre les champignons produisant DON F.graminearum et F.culmorum. Nous avons produit des plants de blé dur exprimant de manière constitutive le gène HvUGT13248 (Ubi-UGT) et des plants de blé panifiables exprimant ce gène au niveau du tissu floral (Lem-UGT). Les plants Ubi-UGT ont montré une réduction significative des symptômes de FHB durant les stades précoces et médians de l’infection, et de FCR à tous les stades de l’infection. De plus, les plants Lem-UGT ont montré une corrélation entre les niveaux d’expression de l’UGT et de protection observée. Finalement, nous avons démontré que la pyramidation des gènes associés à des mécanismes de résistance différents peut renforcer la résistance de l’hôte à l’infection. Des plants de blé ont été générés exprimant à la fois l’enzyme HvUGT13248, et des inhibiteurs de glycosidases: AcPMEI ou PvPGIP2, impliqués dans la dégradation de la paroi cellulosique, et qui ont montré une résistance accrue à la FHBFusarium diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR) represent major agricultural problems worldwide, causing reduction of grain yield and quality and food safety. In particular, grain contamination by Fusarium mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), is responsible for health problems in humans and animals. DON is a protein synthesis inhibitor, acting as a virulence factor during pathogenesis. The principal mechanism involved in enhancing plant tolerance to DON is glycosylation, forming DON-3-β-D-glucoside (D3G), performed by specific UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs). In this work, we demonstrated that DON-detoxification by UGT confers a broad-spectrum resistance against the DON-producing fungi F. graminearum and F. culmorum, characterized by different time of infection and target organs. We produced transgenic durum wheat plants (Ubi-UGT) constitutively expressing the barley HvUGT13248 and bread wheat plants (Lem-UGT) expressing HvUGT13248 in flower tissues. Ubi-UGT plants revealed significant reduction of FHB symptom, during early-mid stages of infection, and of FCR symptom, throughout the infection timing. The floral-specific expression highlighted a dose-dependent efficacy of the UGT detoxification mechanism. In addition, we demonstrated that pyramiding of genes controlling different resistance mechanisms can further reinforce the host response by stacking transgenes controlling the DON-to-D3G conversion and the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes by glycosidase inhibitors in the same wheat genotype. We obtained plants expressing HvUGT13248 and AcPMEI or HvUGT13248 and PvPGIP2, which exhibited increased FHB resistance
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Harshavardhan, Vokkaliga T. [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Wobus, Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Humbeck, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Leubner. "Altering ABA levels in leaf and seed tissue of barley to study the role of ABA on plant performance under post-anthesis drought stress using the transgenic approach / Vokkaliga T. Harshavardhan. Betreuer: Ulrich Wobus ; Klaus Humbeck ; Gerhard Leubner." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044576243/34.
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Bartlett, Joanne Glenda. "The effect of Introns on transgene expression in barley." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492952.
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Zwirek, Monika. "Improving barley for biofuel production : investigating the role of 4CL and CCR in the lignin biosynthesis pathway." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6785dbbb-f8a4-46f1-b7c4-0c3d0d4dcdd4.
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One of the challenges in the 21st Century is to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulose for the production of liquid biofuels. Lignin is one of the key factors in this recalcitrance. Grasses such as Miscanthus and switchgrass could become major sources of lignocellulose. Barley has potential as a genetically-tractable research model for such novel bioenergy crops and also as a bioenergy crop itself. This thesis concerns the 4CL and the CCR enzymes on the lignin pathway which were chosen as the targets to manipulate lignin in barley. They were selected because there is evidence that suppression of each of them in dicot species can lead to increased saccharification. The 4CL and CCR genes constitute multigene families where members have different expression patterns. RNAi was used to down-regulate 4CL1 and CCR1 using a constitutive promoter via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of barley. From an extensive screen of the primary transformants for changes in protein level and lignin content, six CCR and four 4CL lines were taken forward for detailed analysis. Antibodies were also raised against barley 4CL and CCR recombinant proteins and these showed substantial reductions in the respective target protein levels in the RNAi lines. Both 4CL and CCR transgenic lines had significant reductions in lignin content, and CCR lines had changes in lignin structure due to changes in the proportions of acid soluble and acid insoluble lignin. No substantial consistent adverse effects on key agronomic traits were apparent in the 4CL and CCR transgenics. Selected 4CL and CCR transgenics had improved saccharification yield after using three different pretreatment methods, which is a desirable feature for biofuel production.
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Hong, Chwan-Yang, and 洪傳揚. "Expression of ABA Response Complex from Barley HVA22 Gene in Transgenic Rice." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22331541157983850090.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農藝學系
85
The abscisic acid - responsive gene HVA22 was cloned from barley aleurone layer by Shen et al.（1993）. Using transient expression assay in barley seeds, those authors indicated that a 49-bp-long ABA response complex consisting of a G-box, namely, ABRE3(GCCACGTACA), and a coupling element CE1 (TGCCACCGG), is the minimal promoter unit governing higher-level ABA induction. To investigate how ABRC was expressed in stable expression, this thesis was therefore conducted to transform a chimeric gene containing 1-4 copies ABRCs fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene into rice cultivar TNG67 via particle bombardment. The results indicate that by transient assay all of four plasmids carrying1-4copies of ABRC/GUS could express GUS protein in rice immature embryo without ABA treatment. After hygromycin selection, only several transformed immature embryo-derived calli containing 2 or 4 copies ABRC/GUS were survived. Southern blot analysis showed that there are 4 and 1 independent transgenic containing 2 and 4 copies ABRC/GUS, respectively. Subsequently, part of the calli from each independent transgenic line were used to establish suspension cell line, and part of the calli were used to regenerate plants.In suspension cells, GUS histochemical staining revealed that not all transgenic line had GUS expression. GUS activity analysis showed each transgenic cell line could be regulated by 20 μM ABA, but the increase in GUS activity seems to be lower in 4 copies ABRCs than in 2 copies ABRCs. Northern blot analysis indicates the 10-8 M is the optimal concentration of ABA to promote the highest expression of GUS.After plant regeneration, 5 primary transgenic plants were obtained from one transformed calli harboring 2 copies ABRC/GUS gene, and 6 transgenic plants were regenerated from one transformed calli carrying 4 copies ABRC/GUS. Stable integration of the 4 copies ABRC/GUS gene in transgenic rice plants was examined by PCR and Southern bolt analysis of genomic DNA isolated from three plants. GUS histochemical assay revealed that transgenic plant carrying 4 copies ABRC/GUS expressed constitutively in root vascular tissue as well as leaf mesophyll and vascular tissue. In both root and leaves, GUS expression could be enhanced by applying 20 μM ABA.Based on results obtained in this study, it is promising that ABRC is regulated by ABA in stable expression either in transgenic rice suspension cell or plants.
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Tsai, Chen-Han, and 蔡承翰. "Expression of the barley HVA1 gene in transgenic chrysanthemum confers increased tolerance to salt stress." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24379613479999130620.
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碩士輔仁大學
生命科學系碩士班
94
The barley HVA1 is belong to group 3 LEA (late embryogenesis abundant ) protein and its molecular weight is about 22kDa. The HVA1 protein was firstly isolated from the aleurone layer of the barley seed. HVA1 mRNA was rapidly induced in young seedlings (3 days after imbibition) by ABA treatment and a series of stress conditions, such as drought, cold, NaCl, and heat. The HVA1 transgenic rice harboring HVA1 gene was found to be more tolerant to the salt stress than wild-type. In order to increase the salt tolerance of chrysanthemum, we try to produce transgenic chrysanthemum by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. After Agrobacterium transformation, we have obtained a lot of chrysanthemum seedlings. By putting detached leaf of chrysanthemum seedling in a selection medium, we acquired several chrysanthemum plants which may contain HVA1 gene. These putative transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR analysis. By the analysis of RT real-time PCR, the expression of catalase gene of transgenic plant was found to induce when the detached leaf put in salt stress for 10 min. Morever, we find that catalase gene is regulated by a circadian rhythm, and the expression of catalase increases with every rhythm cycle. Compared with the extent of catalase expression before and after salt stress treatment, the catalase of wild-type reduces 98%, while transgenic plants are from -92% to 214%. Detecting the catalase activity of detached leaf treated with salt stress or water, we find that the increase of catalase activity in transgenic plant is higher than that in wild-type plant. The catalase cativity only increase 0.29 in wild-type, however, the catalase cativity increase from 1.63 to 4.31 in transgenic plants. We conclude that the transgenic chrysanthemum plants containing HVA1 have higher antioxidant ability under salt stress.
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Alburi, Dona. "The Effect of Puccinia triticina Isolates on Rphq2- and Rph22- Expressing Golden SusPtrit Transgenic Families." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/669516.
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The production of cereal crops is essential to secure a future that feeds
the continuously growing population. Rust fungi reduce host fitness by feeding on
their living tissue and interfere with the global production of crops. Cereal rusts,
like Puccinia hordei (the causal agent of barley leaf rust) and Puccinia triticina
(the causal agent of wheat leaf rust), have a narrow host range and colonize only
one particular species. The most durable type of resistance, non-host resistance
(NHR), is the immunity of an entire plant species to all strains of a pathogen
species. Exploring the genetics of NHR has proven to be challenging because
most interspecific hybrids are infertile. Previously, barley Rphq2 and Rph22,
which encode orthologous lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs), were
transformed into an experimental barley line, Golden SusPtrit, and showed
resistance against adapted and non-adapted leaf rust species. We used these
transgenic barley lines in the current project to explore the effect of the LecRKs
on four wheat leaf rust (P. triticina) isolates. We used the settling tower method to
inoculate four isolates of P. triticina on Rphq2 and Rph22 transgenic families. We
found that most transgenic families showed an increase in resistance compared
to the non-transgenic control 750-E1. By measuring the infection frequency of the
infections, we identified that P. triticina isolates 93012 and 95012 had opposite
virulence effects on two barley families, Rphq2-E5 and Rph22-E2A. Although the
expression levels of Rphq2 and Rph22 followed an induction trend, we did not
find significant differences between the isolates. We conclude that resistance
mediated by Rphq2 and Rph22 against P. triticina isolates does not involve an
isolate-specific component. Thus, we propose investigating differences between
rust species to further explore the molecular aspect of non-host resistance.
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Babaeizad, Valiollah [Verfasser]. "Generation and molecular analyses of transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in response to relevant pathogens / submitted by Valiollah Babaeizad." 2009. http://d-nb.info/997121076/34.
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Pathuri, Indira Priyadarshini [Verfasser]. "The impact of transgenic expression of barley (Hordeum vulgare) RHO-like GTPases on plant development and disease susceptibility / Indira Priyadarshini Pathuri." 2009. http://d-nb.info/999778986/34.
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Baron, Kevin. "Growth, morphology and flooding tolerance of transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) expressing varying levels of a class 1 barley (Hordeum vulgare) hemoglobin." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18091.
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Hakachite, Christopher. "[EMBARGOED] Analysis of cereal cyst nematode resistance mechanisms in barley." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120235.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a widely grown, valuable cereal crop that is affected by various pests including nematodes. The cereal cyst nematode (CCN) Heterodera avenae is the most widely distributed and damaging species of nematodes to cereal crops grown in temperate regions, including Australia, and is estimated to cause global annual losses of around $160 billion. The use of cultivars resistant to H. avenae is the preferred approach for nematode management and four resistance loci, Rha1, Rha2, Rha3 and Rha4, have been mapped. The Rha4 locus was mapped in the Galleon/Haruna Nijo population to chromosome 5H and since Rha2 and Rha4 provide the most effective resistance against the Australian H. avenae pathotype Ha13 they have been widely used in barley breeding. Despite CCN resistance loci having been mapped in barley and other cereals, no resistance genes have been isolated and characterized. Recently both Rha2 and Rha4 have been fine-mapped and near-diagnostic markers have been developed to provide simple tools for selection. Fine-mapping indicates that approximately 105 genes are linked to the Rha4 locus, including cell wall-related genes predicted to encode (1-4)-β-xylan endohydrolases, also known as xylanases. This thesis reports on experiments that were undertaken to better understand the resistance conferred by Rha4 and to investigate the functions of the xylanases as prime candidate genes. The xylanase genes at the Rha4 locus were cloned and analysed for allelic differences between sequences from the cultivars Sloop (susceptible) and Flagship (Rha4-resistant). Although genes X1 and X2 have been characterised, the X3 gene has not been well described previously. The genomic sequences were used in reciprocal transformation experiments where, under the control of the 35S promoter, the genes from Sloop were transformed into a Flagship background, and vice versa. Tube tests were used to investigate any changes in nematode infection responses, and therefore resistance status, but no significant alterations were detected. However, overexpression of the xylanase genes proved to be detrimental to the overall health of the plant. The xylanases were concomitantly heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and the X2 protein was characterized in terms of substrate preference and catalytic rate. In more general approaches not directly linked to Rha4 genotype, the natural variation in root polysaccharide amount and distribution, with a focus on (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and arabinoxylan, was surveyed in a selection of susceptible and resistant barley cultivars. The effect of changes in amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan was also examined through infection of the betaglucanless mutant and transgenic lines carrying either the overexpressed or silenced (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase CslF6 gene. Variable amounts of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan did not correlate to rates of nematode infection and no clear patterns of polysaccharide profiles could be linked to susceptible or resistant cultivar status. Finally, RNA sequencing was used to profile transcript changes in nematode infected and control Sloop and Flagship roots up to 24 days post inoculation. The patterns of the 105 genes linked to the Rha4 locus were extracted and a set of 27 genes which showed significant fold changes across the time course were profiled. Of these, three strong candidate genes were selected which are differentially expressed in the two cultivars and are involved in biochemical pathways that are feasibly linked to resistance mechanisms. Their putative roles in conferring resistance and how this might be tested were discussed.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, 2019