Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transformeur

Academic literature on the topic 'Transformeur'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Transformeur"

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Charpentier, Michel, and K. Mani Chandy. "Specification transformers: a predicate transformer approach to composition." Acta Informatica 40, no. 4 (February 1, 2004): 265–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00236-003-0130-y.

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Santos, Nuno, Miguel Chaves, Paulo Gamboa, Armando Cordeiro, Nelson Santos, and Sónia Ferreira Pinto. "High Frequency Transformers for Solid-State Transformer Applications." Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2023): 7262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13127262.

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This paper focuses on the study of the high frequency transformer incorporated in solid- state transformers, specifically on the development of the steps that enable the design of an optimized high frequency transformer and its equivalent model based on the desired characteristics. The impact of operating a transformer at high frequency and the respective solutions that allow this impact to be reduced are analyzed, alongside the numerous advantages that the utilization of these transformers has over traditional 50/60 Hz transformers. Furthermore, the power scheme of the solid-state transformer is outlined, focusing on the power converters, which are immediately before and after the high frequency transformer (HFT). We also investigate a control technique that allows for correct operation and the existence of power bidirectionality. In a novel approach, this paper demonstrates the systematic steps for designing an HFT according to the desired specifications of each given project, helping students and engineers achieve their objectives in power-electronic applications. Moreover, this paper aims at increasing the knowledge of this area of power electronics and facilitating the development of new topologies with high power density, which are very important to the integration of renewable power sources and other applications. Finally, a simulation is presented to validate a high frequency transformer and its control technique.
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Wu, H. "All eyes on transformers [super grid transformer remote monitoring]." Power Engineer 18, no. 5 (2004): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20040506.

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Desai, B. T., H. O. Gupta, and M. K. Vasantha. "Current transformer performance for inrush current in power transformers." Electric Power Systems Research 14, no. 3 (June 1988): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(88)90057-0.

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Martin, Daniel, Tapan Saha, Richard Dee, Gary Buckley, Srinivasan Chinnarajan, Greg Caldwell, Jian Bin Zhou, and Gary Russell. "Determining water in transformer paper insulation: analyzing aging transformers." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 31, no. 5 (September 2015): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.2015.7214442.

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Kattel, Ruska, and Bhupendra Devkota. "PCBs Contamination among Distribution Transformers in the Kathmandu Valley." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2015): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12175.

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Transformer is the crucial part in any electrical system, however there are many risks associated with its use. Thus this study was focused on assessing the status of PCBs contamination and distribution of transformers in Distribution Centre-North of the Kathmandu valley along with PCBs contamination in them. Each transformer within the study area was closely observed to obtain information about all transformers. The dielectric oil samples from the transformers were collected, safely stored and analyzed in Test Kits (L2000DX Chloride Analyzer System, recommended by UNEP). Among 111 samples of transformer oil analyzed, 4 transformers were found PCBs contaminated and they were manufactured before 1990s. The total amount of PCBs contaminated transformer oil in these transformers was 479.6 Kg. Seven transformers were found leaking, four transformers located at residential area were found emitting a low frequency tonal noise, two transformers were located within school compound, nine transformers were located near water body and around 1.44 square meters of soil surface was found contaminated by transformer oil. Though there is no way to eliminate all the risk and consequences of operating oil filled transformers, scientific distribution and proper handling could be the reasonable approaches to reduce the risks.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12175International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, Page: 16-29
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Hazra, Nil Kamal, Pradip Kundu, and Asok K. Nanda. "Some Reliability Properties of Transformed-Transformer Family of Distributions." American Journal of Mathematical and Management Sciences 38, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01966324.2018.1482244.

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Jeckson, Jeckson, Azis Prayuda, and Yenni Afrida. "ANALISIS DAMPAK OVERLOAD TRANSFORMATOR TERHADAP KUALITAS DAYA GARDU K622 PENYULANG PELANGI PT. PLN ( PERSERO ) ULP KARANG." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36269/jtr.v4i1.986.

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Transformer overload occurs in one of the distribution transformers in PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Karang,namely the K622 Distribution Transformer at the Rainbow Feeder with a load of 110.16% exceeding the standard set by SPLN, which is 80%. This study aims to find out how to overcome the Overload problem in the K622 distribution substation transformer on The Rainbow and get the size of the K622 distribution substation transformer load before and after the Uprating Transformer. From the results of uprating, the percentage of transformer loading value before uprating transformers was carried out by 110.16% and after uprating transformers by 26.38% so that it decreased by 83.78%. This means that the uprating transformer is one of the methods that can be used to overcome excess loads.
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Thango, Bonginkosi A., and Pitshou N. Bokoro. "Stray Load Loss Valuation in Electrical Transformers: A Review." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072333.

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The electricity production opus in South Africa has transformed over the last few years from predominantly coal power generation to a blend of renewable energy generation. The necessity emerges to ascertain whether electrical transformer design philosophies in local manufacturers are contemporary in reference to customer specifications, under increasing penetration of harmonics and distortion as a result of increasing deployment of decentralized power systems. Accurate computation of transformer stray load loss is imperative in localizing the hotspot regions and design of adequate insulation system and consequently cooling system. This loss must also be met by manufacturers based on the customer specifications to avoid penalties. The review of current scientific works affirms the ongoing interest in utilizing the advancement of computational power for painstaking evaluation and management of stray load loss in electric transformers. This article confers overview research, evolution and application of diverse computer-based tools for analyzing the stray load loss based on over 60 published scientific works. Mathematical formulations that can be practically employed by transformer designers during the design phase under normal and harmonic load current conditions are discussed.
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Demirović, Azelma, and Amir Kurtić. "Experiences and Analyses of Reconstruction and Commissioning of Medium Voltage Substation." B&H Electrical Engineering 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0019.

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Abstract The paper will present experiences in the reconstruction of the transformer station, which supplies the industrial factory. The previous version of the medium voltage (MV) substation with oil-filled transformers, and the new MV substation with dry and more energy efficient transformers, will be presented. An analysis of the operation and maintenance methods of oil transformers will be given. As oil transformers have many disadvantages, the reason, choice and cost-effectiveness of replacement with new dry transformers will be presented. Tests and measurements of insulation resistance of the winding and transformer protection during commissioning will also be presented. PT100 probes, which are connected to the thermostat, are installed in each low voltage winding of the dry transformer. Testing of this thermal protection of the transformer will be presented as well. Since transformers supply industrial consumers, mostly nonlinear ones, it is important to analyse the losses and life span of transformers. Nonlinear consumers lead to early aging of winding insulation, premature failures and reduction of transformer life. The newly designed and installed MV substation with Ring-main unit is ABB type SafePlus, and its installation and operating instructions will also be presented. The MV is equipped with a protection terminal, so settings and measurements of this terminal in transformer cells will be done. After the commissioning of the transformer station, the most important are diagnostics and periodic tests. Methods of periodic testing of MV substations will be presented in this paper.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transformeur"

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Liew, Ming Chuen. "Reverse design transformer modelling technique with particular application to partial core transformers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2123.

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This thesis first describes the conventional transformer design method used for design iron-core transformers. Limitations associated with this design method is highlighted. In this thesis, an alternative transformer design method is presented. It is called the reverse design method. This new design technique is compared against the conventional design method, and validated with experimental results. The reverse design method is applied to partial core transformers. Modifications made to accommodate full-core equivalent circuit components to partial core transformers are discussed. Particular attention is given to the derivation of core loss resistance, core magnetising reactance and winding leakage reactances. The new reverse design partial core model is applied at 50Hz normal operating temperature applications. The model is verified with experimental results. Next the reverse design model is applied to transformers when immersed in liquid nitrogen. The accuracy of the model derived previously for normal operating temperatures is investigated. Necessary modifications are made to the model. The corrected model is again justified with experimental results. Finally, the model is used for the harmonic frequency analysis of partial core transformers. Capacitive components are included as part of the analysis. Frequency responses of transformers with relatively low turn ratio are analysed, followed by high voltage partial core transformers with large turn ratio. Comparisons are made between the model calculated and test results.
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Lapthorn, Andrew Craig. "High Temperature Superconducting Partial Core Transformers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7130.

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The thesis begins by providing an introduction to transformer theory. An ideal transformer is examined first, followed by full core transformer theory. The partial core transformer is then introduced and compared to the full core design. An introduction to superconductors is then presented where a simplified theory of superconductivity is given. High temperature superconductors are then examined including their physical structure, superconducting properties and the design of the superconducting wire. The early development of high temperature superconducting partial core transformers at the University of Canterbury is then examined. Early partial core development is discussed followed by some material testing at cryogenic temperatures. This work lead into the development of the first high temperature superconducting partial core transformer. This transformer failed during testing and an examination of the failure mechanisms is presented. The results of the failure investigation prompted an alternative winding insulation design which was implemented in a full core superconducting transformer. The modelling used to design a high temperature superconducting partial core transformer is then presented. Based upon the reverse design method, the modelling is used to determine the components of the Steinmetz equivalent transformer circuit. The modelling includes a combination of circuit theory and finite element analysis. An ac loss model for high temperature superconductors is also presented. A new 15 kVA, 230-230V high temperature superconducting partial core transformer was designed, built and tested. The windings are layer wound with first generation Bi2223 high temperature superconductor. The modelling was used to predict the performance of the transformer as well as the ac losses of the high temperature superconductor. A series of electrical tests were performed on the transformer including open circuit, short circuit, resistive load, overload, ac withstand voltage and fault ride through tests. The test results are compared with the model. The transformer was found to be 98.2% efficient at rated power with 2.86% voltage regulation.
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Bergsåker, Claudia. "Impact of transformer core size on the reactive power requirement of power transformers due to GIC." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157347.

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Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) are a natural phenomenon which arises due to solar storms. During a solar storm, large amounts of magnetized plasma are ejected from the surface of the sun. When this plasma reaches earth, it causes fluctuations in the geomagnetic field. Such 　fluctuations may induce DC over-currents in long transmission lines. These currents affect the transmission system several dierent ways; In particular high voltage transformers are sensitive to GIC. When the over-current flows through the transformer windings the reactive power absorption of the transformer increases, which may lead to voltage instability in the power system. For this project, the main issue has been to determine whether or not an increase in the size of the transformer core leads to the reactive power absorption being less sensitive to GIC. In order to investigate this issue a recently developed transformer model has been used; the Hybrid transformer model. This model combines the principle of duality with a matrix representation of the transformer. The Hybrid transformer model, which has recently been implemented in the power system simulations software PSCAD, has been used to simulate GIC events in transformers of varying core sizes. The results from these simulations indicate that a larger transformer core is associated with a smaller increase in reactive power absorption during a GIC event. It is also clear that the reactive power absorption as a function of GIC magnitude is a non-linear function when the Hybrid transformer model is applied. This function has previously been considered a linear function.
Geomagnetiskt inducerade strömmar (GIC) är ett naturfenomen som uppstår till följd av solstormar. Vid en solstorm kastas stora mängder magnetiserad plasma ut från solens yta, och när denna plasma når jorden uppstår 　uktuationer i det jordmagnetiska fältet. Detta kan leda till att DCstr ömmar induceras i långa transmissionsledsningar. Dessa överströmmar påverkar kraftsystemet på 　era olika sätt, bland annat har de en stor påverkan på transformatorer. Då överströmmen 　yter genom transformatorlindningarna ökar det reaktiva eektuttaget för transformatorn, vilket kan leda till spänningsinstabilitet i systemet. En fråga som legat till grund för detta projekt är huruvida en ökning av transformatorkärnans storlek gör transformatorns reaktiva eektuttag mindre känsligt för GIC. För att undersöka detta har en ny transformatormodell använts; den såkallade hybridmodellen som kombinerar dualitetsprincipen med en matrisrepresentation av transformatorn. Denna modell, som nyligen implementerats i simuleringsprogrammet PSCAD, har använts för att simulera GIC i transformatorer med kärnor av olika storlekar. Resultaten från dessa simuleringar indikerar att större transformatorkärna medför mindre förändring av det reaktiva eektuttaget när transformatorn utsätts för GIC. Det är även tydligt att det reaktiva eektuttaget som funktion av GIC är en icke-linjär funktion när hybridmodellen används. Denna funktion har tidigare ansetts vara linjär.
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Bell, Simon Colin. "High-voltage partial-core resonant transformers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2161.

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This thesis first describes the reverse method of transformer design. An existing magnetic model for full-core shell-type transformers, based on circuit theory, is summarised. A magneto-static finite element model is introduced and two sample transformers are analysed. The magnetic model based on finite element analysis is shown to be more accurate than the model based on circuit theory. Partial-core resonant transformers are then introduced and their characteristics are explained using an equivalent circuit model. A method of measuring the winding inductances under resonant operation is developed and used to investigate the characteristics of two different tuning methods. A finite element model of the partial-core resonant transformer is developed by adopting the model for full-core shell-type transformers. The model results accurately match the measured inductance variation characteristics of three sample transformers and predict the onset of core saturation in both axial-offset and centre-gap arrangements. A new design of partial-core resonant transformer is arrived at, having an alternative core and winding layout, as well as multiple winding taps. The finite element model is extended to accommodate the new design and a framework of analysis tools is developed. A general design methodology for partial-core resonant transformers with fixed inductance is developed. A multiple design method is applied to obtain an optimal design for a given set of specifications and restrictions. The design methodology is then extended to devices with variable inductance. Three design examples of partial-core resonant transformers with variable inductance are presented. In the first two design examples, existing devices are replaced. The new transformer designs are significantly lighter and the saturation effects are removed. The third design example is a kitset for high-voltage testing, with the capability to test any hydro-generator stator in New Zealand. The kitset is built and tested in the laboratory, demonstrating design capability. Other significant test results, for which no models have yet been developed, are also presented. Heating effects in the core are reduced by adopting an alternative core construction method, where the laminations are stacked radially, rather than in the usual parallel direction. The new kitset is yet to be used in the field.
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Leplus, François. "Sur la modélisation numérique des transformateurs monophasé et triphasé : Application aux montages redresseurs et gradateurs." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10073.

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Méthode de résolution des équations du système modélisé, indépendante de son environnement électrique, donnant un programme modulaire, utilisable dans un ensemble plus complexe. Extension de la méthode et procédure d'identification des paramètres. Expérimentation en fonctionnement redresseur et gradateur
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Siebrits, F. B. (Francois Bart). "Field implementation of a transient voltage measurement facility using HV current transformers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53426.

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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The bandwidth of standard HV measurement devices such as capacitive voltage transformers is too limited in order to measure wideband phenomena. This thesis is concerned with the investigation into a non- intrusive HV transient voltage measurement facility using standard substation HV current transformers (CI's) configured in a transconductance topology. The sensing, summation and integration of the CT capacitive earth currents are investigated. This thesis also reports on the development of a optically isolated link using optical fibre for signal transfer and a computer based data acquisition system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Standaard hoogspannings (HS) meettoerusting soos kapasitiewe spannmgs transformators het beperkte bandwydte vir die meet van wyeband verskynsels. Hierdie tesis handel oor die implementering van 'n HS meetstelsel wat op meinbrekende wyse oorgangsverskynsels meet deur middel van HS stroomtransformators wat in 'n transkonduktansie topologie gekonfigureer is. Die meet, sommasie en integrasie van kapasitoewe grondstrome word ondersoek. Hierdie tesis doen ook verslag aangaande die ontwikkeling van 'n optiese geisoleerde koppelvlak wat gebruik word vir seinoordrag en 'n rekenaar gebasseerde data versamelaar.
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Makowski, Nathanael Jared. "Proposal and Analysis of Demagnetization Methods of High Voltage Power System Transformers and Design of an Instrument to Automate the Demagnetization Process." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/431.

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Present demagnetization methods for large power system transformers are time consuming and can be dangerous to persons performing demagnetization. The work of this thesis was to develop improved demagnetization methods and to construct an automated instrument that would implement the methods developed. One previously developed method was analyzed for effectiveness. Then, two new methods for demagnetization were developed and also analyzed for effectiveness. An automated test instrument prototype was redesigned to be able to accommodate these methods and to improve the safety of the user. The previously developed method attempts demagnetization based on current flow behavior characteristics. The first new method is a magnetic flux estimation based on saturation time. The second new method is also based on measuring saturation time, modified to account for the variable voltage loss due to wire resistance. The second of the two new methods developed proved to be the most effective for demagnetization and was able to demagnetize a transformer within an error margin of 2%. The instrument designed to perform the demagnetization with this new routine is now in early production stages for an expanded field trial with transformer maintenance teams.
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Messaoud, Kaouther. "Deep learning based trajectory prediction for autonomous vehicles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS048.

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La prédiction de trajectoire des agents avoisinants d'un véhicule autonome est essentielle pour la conduite autonome afin d'effectuer une planification de trajectoire d'une manière efficace. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons la problématique de prédiction de trajectoire d'un véhicule cible dans deux environnements différents ; une autoroute et une zone urbaine (intersection, rond-point, etc.). Dans ce but, nous développons des solutions basées sur l'apprentissage automatique profond en mettant en phase les interactions entre le véhicule cibles et les éléments statiques et dynamiques de la scène. De plus, afin de tenir compte de l'incertitude du futur, nous générons de multiples trajectoires plausibles et la probabilité d'occurrence de chacune. Nous nous assurons également que les trajectoires prédites sont réalistes et conformes à la structure de la scène. Les solutions développées sont évaluées à à l'aide de bases de données de conduite réelles
The trajectory prediction of neighboring agents of an autonomous vehicle is essential for autonomous driving in order to perform trajectory planning in an efficient manner. In this thesis, we tackle the problem of predicting the trajectory of a target vehicle in two different environments; a highway and an urban area (intersection, roundabout, etc.). To this end, we develop solutions based on deep machine learning by phasing the interactions between the target vehicle and the static and dynamic elements of the scene. In addition, in order to take into account the uncertainty of the future, we generate multiple plausible trajectories and the probability of occurrence of each. We also make sure that the predicted trajectories are realistic and conform to the structure of the scene. The solutions developed are evaluated using real driving datasets
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Mahamat, Ahmat Taha. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d'un transformateur de commande." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES011.

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Ce travail concerne la conception, la réalisation et la caractérisation d’un transformateur de commande pour interrupteurs de puissance à grille isolée, le transformateur assurant l’isolation galvanique entre étage de commande et circuit de puissance. L’objectif du travail n’était pas de répondre à un cahier des charges précis mais de développer une nouvelle voie technologique pour la réalisation de transformateur planaire intégrable. Les principales caractéristiques d’un tel transformateur sont : - une inductance élevée (rapport inductance/surface occupée le plus grand possible) ; - des résistances séries faibles ; - un couplage capacitif entre primaire et secondaire le plus faible possible. Ces contraintes nous ont conduits à étudier un transformateur planaire à couches magnétiques dont les enroulements primaire et secondaire sont enterrés dans le matériau magnétique afin de réduire l’entrefer. La structure Face to Face a été retenue avec un décalage de 45° entre enroulements primaire et secondaire. Après une étude en simulation, chaque enroulement enterré dans un matériau ferrite a été réalisé séparément puis assemblé pour donner naissance au transformateur. De très nombreuses étapes technologiques : micro usinage laser femtoseconde, dépôts de cuivre par pulvérisation cathodique, photolithographie, planarisation, gravure chimique … ont été mises en oeuvre. Le transformateur ainsi réalisé est constitué d’un empilement de couches magnétiques, conductrices et isolantes. Il a été caractérisé des très basses fréquences jusqu’à plusieurs dizaines de MHz. Les résultats de mesure obtenus sont proches des résultats de simulation, la bande passante du transformateur s’étendant de 20kHz à 7MHz
This work concerns the design, realization and characterization of a control transformer for insulated gate power switches, the transformer providing galvanic isolation between driving stage and power circuits. The aim of the work was not to respond to a precise specification but to develop a new technological path for the realization of an integrable planar transformer. The main characteristics of such transformer are: - high inductance (ratio of inductance / area occupied as large as possible); - low series resistances; - a capacitive coupling between primary and secondary as small as possible. These constraints guided us to study a planar transformer with magnetic layers whose primary and secondary windings are buried in the magnetic material in order to reduce the air gap. The Face to Face structure was chosen with a 45 ° offset between primary and secondary windings. After a numerical study, windings buried in a ferrite material were fabricated separately and then assembled to give rise to the transformer. Many technological steps: femtosecond laser micromachining, copper deposits by sputtering, photolithography, planarization, chemical etching ... have been implemented. Thus, the transformer produced consists of a stack of magnetic, conductive and insulating layers. It has been characterized from very low frequencies up to several tens of MHz. The measurement results obtained are close to simulation results, the bandwidth of the transformer extending from 20 kHz to 7 MHz
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Fouineau, Alexis. "Méthodologies de Conception de Transformateurs Moyenne Fréquence pour application aux réseaux haute tension et réseaux ferroviaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1256/document.

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Les Transformateurs Moyenne Fréquence (TMF) sont une technologie innovante par rapport aux transformateurs basse fréquence, avec la promesse d’une réduction de volume et d’une augmentation du rendement. Cette thèse s’intéresse en particulier à leur conception pour des applications haute tension forte puissance, telles que les réseaux haute tension et moyenne tension à courant continu, ainsi que les réseaux ferroviaires. Dans ces applications, les TMF sont utilisés au sein de convertisseurs pouvant générer des contraintes spécifiques à prendre en compte durant leur conception : signaux non-sinusoïdaux, tension de polarisation, valeurs d’inductances cibles. De plus, les choix technologiques actuellement disponibles pour la réalisation des TMF sont nombreux, et aucun de ces choix ne fait actuellement consensus quelle que soit l’application visée. Des tendances ont pu être identifiées à l’aide d’un outil de classification des designs de TMF issus de la littérature. Ainsi, les technologies les plus prometteuses ont été sélectionnées et retenues pour la suite. A partir de ces technologies, une méthodologie de conception permettant de concevoir et comparer rapidement et ce de façon semi-automatique des TMF avec différents choix technologiques a été mise en place. Elle est constituée de trois étapes : pré-design, design analytique et validation. Le design analytique complet du TMF avec différents choix technologiques est réalisé à l’aide d’un outil de conception automatisée développé durant cette thèse, que nous avons nommé SUITED (SUpergrid Institute TransformEr Design). Cette méthodologie requiert des modèles et données pour chacun des composants et phénomènes du TMF. Concernant le noyau magnétique, une revue et une sélection de modèles issus de la littérature ont été effectuées pour l’évaluation de l’inductance magnétisante et des pertes magnétiques. De plus, des caractérisations magnétiques ont permis de mettre en évidence l’impact de certains procédés technologiques sur les niveaux de pertes de noyaux magnétiques en matériau nanocristallin, qui est un excellent candidat pour les TMF. Au niveau des bobinages, des modèles analytiques pour calculer le champ magnétique, l’inductance de fuite et les effets de peau et de proximité ont été développés et comparés avec ceux de la littérature ainsi que des simulations. Ces nouveaux modèles s'avèrent obtenir une meilleure précision sur les géométries de TMF considérées que ceux de la littérature. De plus, une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation des capacités parasites de bobinages à spires rectangulaires a été mise en place et validée avec succès. Des schémas thermiques équivalents ont été identifiés pour différentes géométries de TMF. Les résistances thermiques de conduction, convection et radiation sont calculées à partir de modèles détaillés. En particulier, l’anisotropie des matériaux est prise en compte pour la conduction thermique, et les coefficients de convection sont évalués via des corrélations différentes pour chaque face du TMF. Les schémas thermiques sont ensuite résolus de façon itérative et analytique pour prendre en compte les non-linéarités des résistances thermiques tout en optimisant le temps de calcul nécessaire. Enfin, l’ensemble de la méthodologie de conception mise en place a été appliqué sur trois cas d’études correspondant à des applications cibles : haute tension, moyenne tension et ferroviaire. Les résultats obtenus montrent effectivement la performance et la nécessité de cette approche
Medium Frequency Transformers (MFT) are an innovative technology compared to low frequency transformers, with the promise of reduced volume and increased efficiency. This PhD thesis focuses in particular on their design for high voltage, high power applications, such as high voltage and medium voltage DC networks, as well as railway networks. In these applications, MFTs are used in converters that can generate specific constraints to be taken into account during their design: non-sinusoidal signals, polarization voltage, target inductance values. Moreover, the technological choices currently available for the realization of MFTs are numerous, and there is currently no consensus on any technology for any given application. Trends could be identified using a tool to classify MFT designs from the literature. Thus, the most promising technologies were selected and retained for the future. Based on these technologies, a design methodology was developed to quickly and semi-automatically design and compare MFTs with different technological choices. It consists of three steps: pre-design, analytical design, and validation. The complete analytical design of the MFT with different technological choices is carried out using an automated design tool developed during this thesis, named SUITED (SUpergrid Institute TransformEr Design). This methodology requires models and data for each of the components and phenomena of the MFT. Concerning the magnetic core, a review and selection of models from the literature were carried out for the evaluation of the magnetizing inductance and magnetic losses. In addition, magnetic characterizations have made it possible to highlight the impact of certain technological processes on the levels of loss of magnetic cores made of nanocrystalline material, which is an excellent candidate for MFTs. Concerning the windings, analytical models to calculate the magnetic field, leakage inductance and skin and proximity effects were developed and compared with those in the literature and simulations. These models are proving to be more accurate on the MFT geometries considered. On top of that, a new method for evaluating the parasitic capacitances of windings with rectangular turns has been successfully implemented and validated. Thermal networks have been identified for the different MFT geometries. The thermal resistances of conduction, convection and radiation are calculated from detailed models. In particular, the anisotropy of materials is taken into account for thermal conduction, and the convection coefficients are evaluated via different correlations for each face of the MFT. The thermal networks are then solved iteratively and analytically to take into account the non-linearity of the thermal resistances while optimizing the required computation time. Finally, this entire design methodology was applied to three case studies corresponding to the target applications: high voltage, medium voltage and rail. The results obtained do show the performance and necessity of this approach
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Books on the topic "Transformeur"

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Ramboz, J. D. A calibration service for current transformers. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991.

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Ban dao ti bian liu ji shu. 2nd ed. Beijing: Ji xie gong ye chu ban she, 1986.

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G, Uchaĭkin I., and Mordovskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet imeni N.P. Ogareva., eds. Poluprovodnikovye pribory i preobrazovatelʹnye ustroĭstva: Proektirovanie, raschet, modelirovanie, i kontrolʹ : mezhvuzovskiĭ sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Saransk: Mordovskiĭ gos. universitet im. N.P. Ogareva, 1986.

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Oskars, Petersons, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. A calibration service for current transformers. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991.

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Dasgupta, Indrajit. Power transformers quality assurance. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2009.

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M, Del Vecchio Robert, ed. Transformer design principles: With applications to core-form power transformers. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002.

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M, Del Vecchio Robert, ed. Transformer design principles: With applications to core-form power transformers. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Se transformer pour transformer le Québec. Outremont, Québec: Éditions Québécor, 1993.

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Zhenshchina--transformer. Moskva: Ėksmo, 2007.

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Saha, Tapan Kumar, and Prithwiraj Purkait, eds. Transformer Ageing. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119239970.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transformeur"

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Courant, Robin, Maika Edberg, Nicolas Dufour, and Vicky Kalogeiton. "Transformers and Visual Transformers." In Machine Learning for Brain Disorders, 193–229. New York, NY: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3195-9_6.

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AbstractTransformers were initially introduced for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but fast they were adopted by most deep learning fields, including computer vision. They measure the relationships between pairs of input tokens (words in the case of text strings, parts of images for visual transformers), termed attention. The cost is exponential with the number of tokens. For image classification, the most common transformer architecture uses only the transformer encoder in order to transform the various input tokens. However, there are also numerous other applications in which the decoder part of the traditional transformer architecture is also used. Here, we first introduce the attention mechanism (Subheading 1) and then the basic transformer block including the vision transformer (Subheading 2). Next, we discuss some improvements of visual transformers to account for small datasets or less computation (Subheading 3). Finally, we introduce visual transformers applied to tasks other than image classification, such as detection, segmentation, generation, and training without labels (Subheading 4) and other domains, such as video or multimodality using text or audio data (Subheading 5).
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Sarasua, Ignacio, Sebastian Pölsterl, and Christian Wachinger. "TransforMesh: A Transformer Network for Longitudinal Modeling of Anatomical Meshes." In Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, 209–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87589-3_22.

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Otte, Matthias. "TRANSFORMER." In Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 1998, 98–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58775-7_18.

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Weik, Martin H. "transformer." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1811. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_19920.

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Gergely, Gábor. "Transformer." In Schwarzenegger, 85–131. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06951-2_3.

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Patel, Mukund R. "Transformer." In Shipboard Electrical Power Systems, 139–66. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003191513-6.

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Bazzano, Manu. "Transformer." In Subversion and Desire, 117–36. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280262-8.

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Helfrich-Schkarbanenko, Andreas. "Transformer." In Mathematik und ChatGPT, 3–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68209-8_1.

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"Part Two. Transformers Transformed." In From Village to City, 137–236. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520964273-005.

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Mohan.S, S. Vinothkumar, K. Saravanakumar, and M. Sudarsan. "Online Transformer Monitoring System." In Recent Trends in Intensive Computing. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc210287.

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Power transformers, are basically used for stepping up& down the voltage levels. They are the primary equipment used in power transmission system. So it is primary to maintain all the transformers located geographically, but due to lack of man power it is impossible to monitor regularly. Due to these reasons, if a failure occurs in transformer may cause the network power shutdown. Though there are lot of protection measures that accompany a transformer, but by providing a online monitoring system will increase the reliability and reporting instantaneous fault confidently. This paper gives out the details in design and construction of an automatic monitoring system for power transformer parameters. A node-mcu module [esp8266] was enabled to monitoring of voltage, oil level and temperature (oil & winding) on a typical power transformer. With the internet of things (IoT), a self-defense system is designed and implemented for the transformer. In this system Transformer parameter are continuously marked and a graph is plotted. If the level of the parameter increases than the actual value, it gives buzzer alarm, if no action taken then the whole system will be tripped safely in power transformers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Transformeur"

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Hertel, Matthias, Simon Ott, Benjamin Schäfer, Ralf Mikut, Veit Hagenmeyer, and Oliver Neumann. "Evaluation of Transformer Architectures for Electrical Load Time-Series Forecasting." In Forum Bildverarbeitung 2022. KIT Scientific Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000150865-6.

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Accurate forecasts of the electrical load are needed to stabilize the electrical grid and maximize the use of renewable energies. Many good forecasting methods exist, including neural networks, and we compare them to the recently developed Transformers, which are the state-of-the-art machine learning technique for many sequence-related tasks. We apply different types of Transformers, namely the Time-Series Transformer, the Convolutional Self- Attention Transformer and the Informer, to electrical load data from Baden- Württemberg. Our results show that the Transformes give up to 11% better forecasts than multi-layer perceptrons for long prediction horizons. Furthermore, we analyze the Transformers’ attention scores to get insights into the model.
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Hertel, Matthias, Simon Ott, Benjamin Schäfer, Ralf Mikut, Veit Hagenmeyer, and Oliver Neumann. "Evaluation of Transformer Architectures for Electrical Load Time-Series Forecasting." In 32. Workshop Computational Intelligence. KIT Scientific Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000151141-6.

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Accurate forecasts of the electrical load are needed to stabilize the electrical grid and maximize the use of renewable energies. Many good forecasting methods exist, including neural networks, and we compare them to the recently developed Transformers, which are the state-of-the-art machine learning technique for many sequence-related tasks. We apply different types of Transformers, namely the Time-Series Transformer, the Convolutional Self- Attention Transformer and the Informer, to electrical load data from Baden- Württemberg. Our results show that the Transformes give up to 11% better forecasts than multi-layer perceptrons for long prediction horizons. Furthermore, we analyze the Transformers’ attention scores to get insights into the model.
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Wang, Yan, Bin Lin, Xiaoyan Cao, and Shaolei Wang. "The Design and Finite Element Analyses of the Super-Long Ultrasonic Amplitude Transformer." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62484.

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Super-long amplitude transformer is an indispensable part of ultrasonic vibration system, often used in high power ultrasound applications. This paper put forward a new method to design and analyze super-long amplitude transformer. Firstly, by using the mechanical four-terminal network method to solve one dimensional longitudinal vibration equation, the frequency and vibration ratio of the ultrasonic transformer are obtained. Thereafter, two types amplitude transformers design scheme can be got by theoretical calculation, i.e. exponential and conical amplitude transformer. Finally, using FEM software ANSYS to analyze the modal, stress distribution and harmonic response of the amplitude transformer. According to the finite element simulation results, each of amplitude transformers has advantages and disadvantages. Compared with theoretical results, it is satisfied with demands of engineering. A new way is carried out for design and optimality of super-long amplitude transformer.
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Lambada, Puneeth Raj, and Xin Wang. "A Comparison of the Designs of Shell-Type and Core-Type Solid State Transformers With Convex Optimization." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-114166.

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Abstract This paper presents a computer-aided minimum mass design of both shell and core type medium frequency single phase solid state transformers using split winding and Litz wires. The aim of the study is to compare the performance of these two designs in terms of their mass and efficiency. The design process involves modeling the transformers using geometric programming, which allows for a global optimum solution to be found for a given set of constraints. The models are optimized for minimum mass while maintaining a fixed power rating and voltage level. The study finds that the core type transformer has a lower mass than the shell type transformer. However, the shell type transformer has a higher efficiency than the core type transformer. The use of split winding and Litz wires in both designs significantly improves the efficiency and reduces the mass of the transformers. The paper concludes that the choice between a shell type and core type transformer ultimately depends on the specific requirements of the application, as each design has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, the use of split winding and Litz wires is recommended in both designs to improve efficiency and reduce mass. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the design of medium frequency single phase solid state transformers, and the use of computer-aided design methods to optimize their performance.
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Spasojević, Aleksandar, Nikola Radašinović, Branko Pejović, and Đorđe Jovanović. "UPOREDNA ANALIZA PARAMETRA I ELEKTRIČNIH MERENJA TOKOM PROCESA SUŠENJA ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA U SOPSTVENOM SUDU ”HOT-OIL SPRAY” METODOM." In 36. Savetovanja CIGRE Srbija 2023 Fleksibilnost elektroenergetskog sistema. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre36.0228s.

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Drying of transformers represents one of the most important process during production and overhaul of power transformers. Hot oil spray drying method in own tank brings additional challenges. Transformer insulation is one of the most important part for its life time. This brings need of manufacture to accurately estimate dryness of insulation inside transformer. This paper contains review and analysis of the results measured during drying of step-up transformer 425 kV / 15,75 kV, 250 MVA. In the first part of the paper, the failure of the transformer is shown, which is the reason for overhauling of the transformer and for its drying with Hot-oil spray method. In the second part of the paper shows challenges and solutions used during drying of transformer insulation. It also contains parameters of drying process – temperature, vacuum and moisture. Third part of the paper shows results of electrical measurements conducted during drying process – insulation resistance, dissipation factor and FDS method. It also contains comparative analysis of all stated parameters. Fourth part of paper shows final transformer parameters after the drying process and oil filling.
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Landis, Ben, Omar Ahmed, Sangpil Yoon, Anne M. Goj, and Guillaume Périgaud. "Development of a Two-Way Fluid Structure Coupling for Studying Power Transformers Subjected to Internal Dynamic Over-Pressures." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97207.

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Within the highly competitive electricity market, companies often reduce costs by using aging equipment and by overloading their transformers. These conditions substantially increase the risk of transformer explosions. These incidents are caused by electrical arcs occurring within oil filled transformers. The arc, within milliseconds, vaporizes the surrounding oil and the generated gas is pressurized because the liquid inertia prevents its expansion. The pressure difference between the gas bubble and the surrounding liquid oil generates a dynamic pressure peak, which interacts with the transformer. The reflections generate pressure waves that lead to transformer rupture since transformers are not designed to withstand these pressures. This results in dangerous explosions, expensive damages and possible environmental pollution. Despite all these risks, and contrary to usual pressure vessels, no specific standard has been set to protect sealed transformer tanks subjected to large dynamic overpressures. In order to study transformer rupture and its prevention, experiments have been performed on transformers. However, safely carrying out live tests is difficult and expensive. In order to limit the costs, to reduce the risks and to gain insight on these phenomena numerical simulation tools are necessary. First a computational fluid dynamics solver was developed; it is based on an unsteady compressible two-phase flow model, the equations parameterizing the system are solved using a 3D finite volume method. Previous papers showed the ability of the hydrodynamic tool to study in detail (1) dynamic pressure wave propagation inside transformer oil that leads to transformer rupture and (2) depressurization induced by efficient protection means. Later, the hydrodynamic numerical tool has been one-way coupled with Code_ASTER, a dynamic structural analysis package, to create a fluid structure interaction (FSI). Preliminary results were shown and this strategy has been applied to the study of more complex electrical equipment. The present paper’s goal is to illustrate the development and application of a two-way coupling for the aforementioned fluid structure interaction strategy. The methodology for the enhanced coupling is explained and the simulation results about the structural behavior caused by these dynamic pressures are presented.
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Wang, Dennis, Rachel Kuhr, Kristen Kaufman, Richard Crawford, Kristin L. Wood, and Dan Jensen. "Empirical Analysis of Transformers in the Development of a Storyboarding Methodology." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87420.

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Transforming products, or more generally transformers, are devices that change state in order to facilitate new, or enhance an existing, functionality. Mechanical transformers relate to products that reconfigure and can be advantageous by providing multiple functions, while often conserving space. A basic example is a foldable chair that can be stowed when not in use, but provides ergonomic and structural seating when deployed. Utilizing transformation can also lead to novel designs that combine functions across domains, such as an amphibious vehicle that provides both terrestrial and aquatic transportation. In order to harness these assets of transformation, the Transformational Design Theory [1] was developed. This theory outlines a set of principles and facilitators that describe and embody transformation for the purpose of systematically assisting the design of transformers. To build on this theory, this paper analyzes a repository of popular transformer toys. Transformer toys are chosen for this study because of their richness in displaying a variety of kinematic aspects of transformation. Through this process, new definitions to describe transformation are garnered and a set of guidelines are developed to further aid designers. The empirical data set of transformer toys is rich in information and provides a basis for application to other fields, such as robotics and consumer products. These insights, in conjunction with the use of storyboarding, create a new method of designing transformers. This paper presents the method and concludes with a validation exercise in the creation of a new transformer toy.
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Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, Ehsan, Mohammad Arjmand, and Hani Tiznobaik. "Effect of Waste Vegetable Oil on Cooling Performance and Lifetime of Power Transformers." In ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1716.

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Abstract During the operation of a power transformer, a large amount of heat is generated due to the electrical and magnetic energy losses in its core and windings, causing a temperature rise in transformers. This generated heat is known as the main factor for aging the electrical insulating system of a transformer. In this research, we numerically studied the ability of a vegetable-based oil — as an alternative coolant for the petroleum-based oils — on the cooling performance of a power transformer. The studied oil was a biodiesel produced from waste cooking vegetable oils, having lower viscosity compared to traditional mineral oils. We also calculated the aging rate of the transformer in the presence of the biodiesel. The results indicated that compared to the mineral oil, the average hotspot temperature of the transformer is 3 degrees lower when the biodiesel was used. The life expectancy of the transformer with the vegetable-based oil was also significantly longer than the case with mineral oil. In conclusion, this study provided a sustainable way to use an eco-friendly material produced from a waste resource as an alternative insulating liquid for the cooling of power transformers.
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Jwo, Chin-Hung. "The Fourier Ultrasonic Resonant Transformers." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0304.

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Abstract To achieve a high magnification of amplitude by using an ultrasonic resonant transformer, one may choose from several different tapering rods. The basic transformers include conical, hyperbolic (catenoidal), exponential, multi-step cylindrical, and Fourier, etc. The Fourier transformers are better in the characteristics of higher bending stiffness and lower maximum strain over other single section transformers. The higher order Fourier transformers presented in this paper give more flexibility in optimization for desired mechanical characteristics.
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Huang, Huimin, Shiao Xie, Lanfen Lin, Yutaro Iwamoto, Xian-Hua Han, Yen-Wei Chen, and Ruofeng Tong. "ScaleFormer: Revisiting the Transformer-based Backbones from a Scale-wise Perspective for Medical Image Segmentation." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/135.

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Recently, a variety of vision transformers have been developed as their capability of modeling long-range dependency. In current transformer-based backbones for medical image segmentation, convolutional layers were replaced with pure transformers, or transformers were added to the deepest encoder to learn global context. However, there are mainly two challenges in a scale-wise perspective: (1) intra-scale problem: the existing methods lacked in extracting local-global cues in each scale, which may impact the signal propagation of small objects; (2) inter-scale problem: the existing methods failed to explore distinctive information from multiple scales, which may hinder the representation learning from objects with widely variable size, shape and location. To address these limitations, we propose a novel backbone, namely ScaleFormer, with two appealing designs: (1) A scale-wise intra-scale transformer is designed to couple the CNN-based local features with the transformer-based global cues in each scale, where the row-wise and column-wise global dependencies can be extracted by a lightweight Dual-Axis MSA. (2) A simple and effective spatial-aware inter-scale transformer is designed to interact among consensual regions in multiple scales, which can highlight the cross-scale dependency and resolve the complex scale variations. Experimental results on different benchmarks demonstrate that our Scale-Former outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/ZJUGiveLab/ScaleFormer.
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Reports on the topic "Transformeur"

1

Skone, Timothy J. Transformer Construction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509458.

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Swallom, D. W., and G. Enos. Lightweight transformer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6197083.

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Brown, James. A Transformed Army in Europe For a Transformed World. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419395.

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Thomas L. Baldwin, Robert J. Turk, Kurt S. Myers, Jake P. Gentle, and Jason W. Bush. Transformer Efficiency Assessment - Okinawa, Japan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055825.

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Thomas L. Baldwin, Robert J. Turk, Kurt S. Myers, Jake P. Gentle, and Jason W. Bush. Transformer Efficiency Assessment - Okinawa, Japan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055976.

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Thomas L. Baldwin, Robert J. Turk, Kurt S. Myers, Jake P. Gentle, and Jason W. Bush. Transformer Efficiency Assessment - Okinawa, Japan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055997.

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Kandula, Rajendra Prasad, Deepak Divan, Rohit Jinsiwale, and Mickael Mauger. Modular Controllable Transformers (MCT). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1488762.

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Callis, Skylar. Vision Transformers Explained Series. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2283346.

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Norman Bessette, Douglas S. Schmidt, Jolyon Rawson, Rhys Foster, and Anthony Litka. Fuel Transformer Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/909613.

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Norman Bessette, Douglas S. Schmidt, Jolyon Rawson, Rhys Foster, and Anthony Litka. Fuel Transformer Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898110.

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