Journal articles on the topic 'Transformative reactions'
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Ghosh, Pranab, Utpal Debnath, and B. P. Pradhan. "Some Transformative Reactions of Odollactone." American Journal of Organic Chemistry 2, no. 4 (August 9, 2012): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.ajoc.20120204.01.
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Griffiths, Kieran, and George E. Kostakis. "Transformative 3d–4f coordination cluster carriers." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 35 (2018): 12011–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02362j.
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Buitrago Santanilla, Alexander, Erik L. Regalado, Tony Pereira, Michael Shevlin, Kevin Bateman, Louis-Charles Campeau, Jonathan Schneeweis, et al. "Nanomole-scale high-throughput chemistry for the synthesis of complex molecules." Science 347, no. 6217 (November 20, 2014): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1259203.
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At the forefront of new synthetic endeavors, such as drug discovery or natural product synthesis, large quantities of material are rarely available and timelines are tight. A miniaturized automation platform enabling high-throughput experimentation for synthetic route scouting to identify conditions for preparative reaction scale-up would be a transformative advance. Because automated, miniaturized chemistry is difficult to carry out in the presence of solids or volatile organic solvents, most of the synthetic “toolkit” cannot be readily miniaturized. Using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions as a test case, we developed automation-friendly reactions to run in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. This advance enabled us to couple the robotics used in biotechnology with emerging mass spectrometry–based high-throughput analysis techniques. More than 1500 chemistry experiments were carried out in less than a day, using as little as 0.02 milligrams of material per reaction.
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Pfister, Gertrud. "Prologue: Gymnastics – Divergent European Principals and Practices and American Transformative Reactions and Responses." International Journal of the History of Sport 26, no. 13 (October 2009): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360903148655.
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Fischer-Lichte, Erika, and Jens Christian Lauenstein Led. "Begrundelse for det performatives æstetik." Peripeti 3, no. 6 (March 14, 2024): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/peri.v3i6.107585.
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The well-known German professor of Theatre Research, Erika Fischer-Lichte, argues for the necessity of developing a specific performative aesthetics capable of reflecting the transformative processes and physical reactions which the audience experiences in the face of the rise of performative art forms.
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Gelman, Caroline Rosenthal. "Transformative Learning: First-Year MSW Students' Reactions to, and Experiences in, Gerontological Field Placements." Educational Gerontology 38, no. 1 (January 2012): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2010.500579.
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Raval, Parth, Rhiannon M. Kennard, Eugenia S. Vasileiadou, Clayton J. Dahlman, Ioannis Spanopoulos, Michael L. Chabinyc, Mercouri Kanatzidis, and G. N. Manjunatha Reddy. "Understanding Instability in Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskites: Kinetics of Transformative Reactions at Grain and Subgrain Boundaries." ACS Energy Letters 7, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 1534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00140.
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Liu, Qiang, Xufang Liu, and Bin Li. "Base-Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization Reactions." Synthesis 51, no. 06 (February 19, 2019): 1293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612014.
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The catalytic olefin isomerization reaction is a highly efficient and atom-economic transformation in organic synthesis that has attracted tremendous attention both in academia and industry. Recently, the development of Earth-abundant metal catalysts has received growing interest owing to their wide availability, sustainability, and environmentally benign nature, as well as the unique properties of non-precious metals. This review provides an overview of a broad range of base-metal-catalyzed olefin isomerization reactions categorized according to their different reaction mechanisms.1 Introduction2 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization Reactions3 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions4 Conclusion
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Taleb, Batoul, Rabih Jahjah, David Cornu, Mikhael Bechelany, Mohamad Al Ajami, Ghenwa Kataya, Akram Hijazi, and Mohammad H. El-Dakdouki. "Exploring Hydrogen Sources in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation: A Review of Unsaturated Compound Reduction." Molecules 28, no. 22 (November 11, 2023): 7541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227541.
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Catalytic transfer hydrogenation has emerged as a pivotal chemical process with transformative potential in various industries. This review highlights the significance of catalytic transfer hydrogenation, a reaction that facilitates the transfer of hydrogen from one molecule to another, using a distinct molecule as the hydrogen source in the presence of a catalyst. Unlike conventional direct hydrogenation, catalytic transfer hydrogenation offers numerous advantages, such as enhanced safety, cost-effective hydrogen donors, byproduct recyclability, catalyst accessibility, and the potential for catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation, particularly with chiral ligands. Moreover, the diverse range of hydrogen donor molecules utilized in this reaction have been explored, shedding light on their unique properties and their impact on catalytic systems and the mechanism elucidation of some reactions. Alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol are prominent hydrogen donors, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in various reductions. Formic acid offers irreversible hydrogenation, preventing the occurrence of reverse reactions, and is extensively utilized in chiral compound synthesis. Unconventional donors such as 1,4-cyclohexadiene and glycerol have shown a good efficiency in reducing unsaturated compounds, with glycerol additionally serving as a green solvent in some transformations. The compatibility of these donors with various catalysts, substrates, and reaction conditions were all discussed. Furthermore, this paper outlines future trends which include the utilization of biomass-derived hydrogen donors, the exploration of hydrogen storage materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), catalyst development for enhanced activity and recyclability, and the utilization of eco-friendly solvents such as glycerol and ionic liquids. Innovative heating methods, diverse base materials, and continued research into catalyst-hydrogen donor interactions are aimed to shape the future of catalytic transfer hydrogenation, enhancing its selectivity and efficiency across various industries and applications.
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Cavusoglu, Lena, and Deniz Atik. "Accumulating capital through social media: the transformative power of underrepresented fashion consumers." Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, no. 5 (August 3, 2021): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-08-2020-4074.
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Purpose Previous research in sociology, psychology and fashion studies has investigated the concept of diversity in the fashion context, but the topic remains largely understudied within the realm of consumer research. This study aims to examine the reactions of underrepresented women to the fashion industry’s lack of diversity. Design/methodology/approach A total of 38 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among a sample of female consumers who were diverse with respect to racial and ethnic background, socioeconomic class, religion, sexual orientation, age, body type and physical appearance. Findings Using Bourdieu’s forms of capital – social, cultural, economic and symbolic – the findings shed light on the process of virtual community formation on social media in response to the lack of diversity in fashion; reveal fashion consumers’ power to enact institution-level change, compelling the industry to become more diverse and inclusive; demonstrate the outcomes of capital accumulation and illustrate how all forms of capital are produced by and reproduce each other. Originality/value This study proposes a new outcome of capital accumulation on virtual communities, termed “transformative value,” in addition to the social and information values identified in earlier scholarship.
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NAZLI, Azra K., Celal KOCAÖMER, Miray BEŞBUDAK, and Nahit Erdem KÖKER. "UNDERSTANDING THE INITIAL RECTIONS OF TURKISH TWITTER USERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/002.
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This study aims to evaluate the initial reactions of Turkish social media users to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the consequent pandemic in Turkey. The primary purpose of this investigation is to provide readers with an understanding of the transformative effects of social media on the dissemination of information and feelings, especially in moments of crisis. Content analysis approach was used for the analysis of the selected tweets with codes and themes. The themes broadly identified by the study included personal opinions, humour or sarcasm, requests and questions, emotional state, information sharing, marketing and spam. The initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users on COVID-19 related primarily to sharing personal thoughts, which included the articulation of personal opinions and the critique of the views of others. The second significant response thread involved humour and sarcasm. The third theme is requests and questions including warnings, suggestions, demands and questions.
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NAZLI, Azra K., Celal KOCAÖMER, Miray BEŞBUDAK, and Nahit Erdem KÖKER. "UNDERSTANDING THE INITIAL RECTIONS OF TURKISH TWITTER USERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11001100/002.
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This study aims to evaluate the initial reactions of Turkish social media users to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the consequent pandemic in Turkey. The primary purpose of this investigation is to provide readers with an understanding of the transformative effects of social media on the dissemination of information and feelings, especially in moments of crisis. Content analysis approach was used for the analysis of the selected tweets with codes and themes. The themes broadly identified by the study included personal opinions, humour or sarcasm, requests and questions, emotional state, information sharing, marketing and spam. The initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users on COVID-19 related primarily to sharing personal thoughts, which included the articulation of personal opinions and the critique of the views of others. The second significant response thread involved humour and sarcasm. The third theme is requests and questions including warnings, suggestions, demands and questions.
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NAZLI, Azra K., Celal KOCAÖMER, Miray BEŞBUDAK, and Nahit Erdem KÖKER. "UNDERSTANDING THE INITIAL RECTIONS OF TURKISH TWITTER USERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/002.
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This study aims to evaluate the initial reactions of Turkish social media users to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the consequent pandemic in Turkey. The primary purpose of this investigation is to provide readers with an understanding of the transformative effects of social media on the dissemination of information and feelings, especially in moments of crisis. Content analysis approach was used for the analysis of the selected tweets with codes and themes. The themes broadly identified by the study included personal opinions, humour or sarcasm, requests and questions, emotional state, information sharing, marketing and spam. The initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users on COVID-19 related primarily to sharing personal thoughts, which included the articulation of personal opinions and the critique of the views of others. The second significant response thread involved humour and sarcasm. The third theme is requests and questions including warnings, suggestions, demands and questions.
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Scott, Julie-Ann. "Narrative Performance Research." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 4, no. 3 (2015): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2015.4.3.70.
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Through this autoethnographic essay I explore how a critical qualitative researcher's disclosure of her personal reactions to participants’ narratives can offer an opportunity to resist cultural marginalization. This opportunity requires a level of vulnerability and disclosure that can feel risky but is often necessary in the pursuit of identification and transformative understanding. Mapping my experience as it became tangible to me of my almost-(but not really)-passing physically disabled feminine body through conducting open-ended narrative research with similarly embodied participants creates a means of revealing and resisting compulsory able-bodiedness (its comforts and trappings) in daily performance.
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Candido, Marcia, Simone Gomes, and Talita Tanscheit. "GENDER, FEMINIST ACTIVISM AND CONSERVATISM IN LATIN AMERICA: AN INTERVIEW WITH FLÁVIA BIROLI, FLAVIA FREIDENBERG AND VERÓNICA GAGO." Novos Rumos Sociológicos 7, no. 11 (August 30, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/norus.v7i11.17042.
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This interview discusses the challenges to gender studies and feminist movements facing the radicalization of the right-wing in Latin America. To this purpose, it selects three interlocutors of academic legitimacy in the region: Flávia Biroli, Flávia Freidenberg e Verónica Gago. The conversation is structured around two central points: on the one hand, it debates the recent conservative reactions and public spaces changes resulting from women’s mobilization for rights and in defense of democracy; on the other hand, it confronts the definition that “gender studies” constitute a specific theme of Social Sciences, describing feminist perspectives as transformative biases that are essential to a broad understanding of political and social phenomena.
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Arshad, Muhammad Yousaf, Anam Suhail Ahmad, Jakub Mularski, Aleksandra Modzelewska, Mateusz Jackowski, Halina Pawlak-Kruczek, and Lukasz Niedzwiecki. "Pioneering the Future: A Trailblazing Review of the Fusion of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Machine Learning Revolutionizing Plasma Catalysis and Non-Thermal Plasma Reactor Design." Catalysts 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2024): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14010040.
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The advancement of plasma technology is intricately linked with the utilization of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, which play a pivotal role in the design and optimization of industrial-scale plasma reactors. This comprehensive compilation encapsulates the evolving landscape of plasma reactor design, encompassing fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics, heat transfer, and radiation energy. By employing diverse tools such as FLUENT, Python, MATLAB, and Abaqus, CFD techniques unravel the complexities of turbulence, multiphase flow, and species transport. The spectrum of plasma behavior equations, including ion and electron densities, electric fields, and recombination reactions, is presented in a holistic manner. The modeling of non-thermal plasma reactors, underpinned by precise mathematical formulations and computational strategies, is further empowered by the integration of machine learning algorithms for predictive modeling and optimization. From biomass gasification to intricate chemical reactions, this work underscores the versatile potential of plasma hybrid modeling in reshaping various industrial processes. Within the sphere of plasma catalysis, modeling and simulation methodologies have paved the way for transformative progress. Encompassing reactor configurations, kinetic pathways, hydrogen production, waste valorization, and beyond, this compilation offers a panoramic view of the multifaceted dimensions of plasma catalysis. Microkinetic modeling and catalyst design emerge as focal points for optimizing CO2 conversion, while the intricate interplay between plasma and catalysts illuminates insights into ammonia synthesis, methane reforming, and hydrocarbon conversion. Leveraging neural networks and advanced modeling techniques enables predictive prowess in the optimization of plasma-catalytic processes. The integration of plasma and catalysts for diverse applications, from waste valorization to syngas production and direct CO2/CH4 conversion, exemplifies the wide-reaching potential of plasma catalysis in sustainable practices. Ultimately, this anthology underscores the transformative influence of modeling and simulation in shaping the forefront of plasma-catalytic processes, fostering innovation and sustainable applications.
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Wiggan, Greg, and Marcia J. Watson-Vandiver. "Urban School Success: Lessons From a High-Achieving Urban School, and Students’ Reactions to Ferguson, Missouri." Education and Urban Society 51, no. 8 (January 20, 2018): 1074–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124517751721.
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Due to the recent racially motivated killings in Ferguson, Missouri (2014); Staten Island, New York (2014); Cleveland, Ohio (2014); Charleston, South Carolina (2015); Baton Rouge, Louisiana (2016); and Dallas, Texas (2016), racial and ethnic tensions have heightened across the United States. Whereas schools would seem like optimal spaces for racial inquiry and promoting understanding, most classroom lessons have been standardized to avoid critical race discussions. Thus, the transformative power of education is restricted when conversations about real issues in society are avoided. This qualitative case study examines Fannie Lou Hamer Academy (FLHA)—pseudonym, a high-performing urban school that utilizes critical antiracism education. The findings suggest that multicultural curriculum helps students develop “self-knowledge,” meaning a personal awareness of their race and identity. Participants describe how self-knowledge provides corrective history, a response to negative media portrayals of minorities, and helps students understand current events such as the racial unrest in Ferguson, Missouri. The implications of these findings reveal the central role of the curriculum in shaping positive student identities and helping to mediate social conflicts.
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Hipps, K. W., Kristen Nicole Johnson, and Ursula Mazur. "Kinetics of Oxygen Coordination to a Graphite Supported Cobalt Porphyrin." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 15 (August 28, 2023): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01151441mtgabs.
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Single molecule level time-dependent binding of O2 to cobalt(II) octaethylporphyrin [CoOEP] supported on graphite at the solution-solid interface was observed with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Using STM movies of the surface and a stochastic kinetic analysis it was possible to extract both the binding and dissociation rate constants for this reversible equilibrium process. This study was the first of its kind and has opened the way for kinetic analysis if reversible surface reactions at the single molecule level by STM methodology. These results are transformative for STM based studies because they demonstrate both the possibility of, and the methodology for, performing kinetic binding studies at the solution solid interface at room temperature.
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Gutiérrez López, M. Ángeles, Mei-Ling Tan, Giacomo Renno, Augustina Jozeliūnaitė, J. Jonathan Nué-Martinez, Javier Lopez-Andarias, Naomi Sakai, and Stefan Matile. "Anion–π catalysis on carbon allotropes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 19 (December 12, 2023): 1881–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.19.140.
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Anion–π catalysis, introduced in 2013, stands for the stabilization of anionic transition states on π-acidic aromatic surfaces. Anion–π catalysis on carbon allotropes is particularly attractive because high polarizability promises access to really strong anion–π interactions. With these expectations, anion–π catalysis on fullerenes has been introduced in 2017, followed by carbon nanotubes in 2019. Consistent with expectations from theory, anion–π catalysis on carbon allotropes generally increases with polarizability. Realized examples reach from enolate addition chemistry to asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions and autocatalytic ether cyclizations. Currently, anion–π catalysis on carbon allotropes gains momentum because the combination with electric-field-assisted catalysis promises transformative impact on organic synthesis.
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Lodine-Chaffey, Jennifer. "“Beyond Death”: John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi and Posthumous Influence." Ben Jonson Journal 26, no. 1 (May 2019): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/bjj.2019.0242.
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This essay argues that John Webster's 1611 drama, The Duchess of Malfi, attests to the power of death to shape selfhood and demonstrates the influence of textual monuments on the living. As Webster notes, posthumous fame is not based solely on its ability to console, but rather on “the dignity of a great example,” which is shown at the end of the play through the Duchess’ continuing influence on other characters. Reactions to both her dead body and the edifice constructed in her honor highlight the transformative power of the Duchess’ death and monumentalization. Specifically, The Duchess of Malfi offers audiences a gendered type of memorial, one based on the ability of a female character to posthumously influence the actions of others.
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León-Garzón, Rosmery, and Harold Castañeda-Peña. "Exploring Social Skills and Character Education of Students Through Storytelling in L2." GiST Education and Learning Research Journal, no. 17 (December 17, 2018): 128–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/16925777.440.
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Little is known about character education and social skills within a transformative curriculum framework in the L2 classroom. This action research study stems from identifying peer rejection in 7th grade English language classrooms as a social issue hampering English language practices for some students. Four L2 storytelling workshops were designed and implemented adapting social and linguistic contents. Data comprising students’ reactions to the content of the adapted short stories were collected using classroom interaction transcriptions, students’ artifacts, field notes, semi-structured interviews with students, and the evaluation of the storytelling workshops made by the students. Data analysis demonstrates that students could learn to live in a community creating healthy L2 learning environments when there is a sense of awareness about accepting differences whilst practicing the use of the English language.
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Bautista, Alfredo, Joanne Wong, and Alberto Cabedo-Mas. "Music Teachers’ Perspectives on Live and Video-Mediated Peer Observation as Forms of Professional Development." Journal of Music Teacher Education 28, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057083718819504.
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The purpose of this interview study, conducted with 12 primary music teachers in Singapore, was to determine whether peer observation is viewed as a learning approach that may contribute to professional growth. We found that both specialist and generalist music teachers highly valued peer observation and were optimistic about the use of video-mediated peer observation. As a form of professional development, peer observation appears to enhance understanding and application of teaching strategies, allows teachers to anticipate students’ reactions during lessons, and builds their confidence as instructors. Video-mediated peer observation, which is both convenient and easily accessible, provides contextualized examples of effective classroom practices. We conclude that peer observation activities are most meaningful and transformative when they are responsive, that is, designed with music teachers’ voices and professional development needs in mind.
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Ivanova, Maria. "The Contested Legacy of Rio+20." Global Environmental Politics 13, no. 4 (November 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_e_00194.
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The 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development Rio+20 generated a wide range of mostly negative reactions. Even before the conference, there was widespread doubt about the possibility of success. As soon as the conference closed, analysts highlighted its failures and criticized the outcome document, The Future We Want. While it does not present a grand transformative vision, the outcome document does reaffirm past political commitments and addresses the multiple dimensions of sustainable development and the linkages among them. Indeed, Rio+20 had subtle, yet significant impacts. Three main areas stand out: reform of international institutions, sustainable development goals, and participation as principle and practice. The global decisions in these domains and the unprecedented local engagement provide critical junctures likely to shape global environmental governance for the next two decades.
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Valdés, Carlos, Raquel Barroso, and María Cabal. "Pd-catalyzed Auto-Tandem Cascades Based on N-Sulfonylhydrazones: Hetero- and Carbocyclization Processes." Synthesis 28, no. 19 (August 10, 2017): 4434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588535.
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The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling between N-tosylhydrazones and organic halides is a powerful method for the creation of C–C bonds. This transformation has been included recently in cascade processes in which the same catalyst promotes various independent catalytic steps, a process known as auto-tandem catalysis. This strategy proves to be very useful for the construction of relatively complex carbo- and heterocyclic structures, as well as for the generation of molecular diversity. This short review will cover the different Pd-catalyzed auto-tandem reactions involving N-tosylhydrazones organized by the bond-forming sequence: C–C/C–N and C–C/C–C. Some examples of related tandem reactions leading to acyclic compounds are also highlighted.1 Introduction2 Auto-Tandem C–C/C–N Bond-Forming Reactions3 Auto-Tandem C–C/C–C Bond-Forming Reactions4 Tandem Reactions for the Synthesis of Linear Molecules5 Summary and Outlook
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Wernet, Philippe. "Chemical interactions and dynamics with femtosecond X-ray spectroscopy and the role of X-ray free-electron lasers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2145 (April 2019): 20170464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0464.
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X-ray free-electron lasers with intense, tuneable and short-pulse X-ray radiation are transformative tools for the investigation of transition-metal complexes and metalloproteins. This becomes apparent in particular when combining the experimental observables from X-ray spectroscopy with modern theoretical tools for calculations of electronic structures and X-ray spectra from first principles. The combination gives new insights into how charge and spin densities change in chemical reactions and how they determine reactivity. This is demonstrated for the investigations of structural dynamics with metal K-edge absorption spectroscopy, spin states in excited-state dynamics with metal 3p-3d exchange interactions, the frontier-orbital interactions in dissociation and substitution reactions with metal-specific X-ray spectroscopy, and studies of metal oxidation states with femtosecond pulses for ‘probe-before-destroy’ spectroscopy. The role of X-ray free-electron lasers is addressed with thoughts about how they enable ‘bringing back together’ different aspects of the same problem and this is thought to go beyond a conventional review paper where these aspects are formulated in italic font type in a prequel, an interlude and in a sequel. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
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McCrary, Peyton, and Steven F. Lawson. "Race and Reapportionment, 1962: The Case of Georgia Senate Redistricting." Journal of Policy History 12, no. 3 (July 2000): 293–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2000.0018.
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Courts, both state and federal, often play a substantial role in the adoption and implementation of changes in public policy. Properly understood, the impact of court decisions must be examined in the context of actions and reactions by other branches of government, political parties, and interest groups. Among the most transformative court decisions over the last half century are those involving legislative reapportionment and minority voting rights. Beginning in the 1960s, the federal courts restructured the nation's political institutions through decisions striking down malapportioned legislatures and local governing bodies through what used to be termed the “reapportionment revolution,” perhaps the only revolution ignored altogether by historians. Shortly thereafter the courts extended their attack on quantitative vote dilution (which the “one-person, one-vote” standard is designed to address) to include protection against electoral rules that dilute the voting strength of racial minorities.
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Dana, Suman, Isai Ramakrishna, and Mahiuddin Baidya. "Ambident Reactivity of Nitroso Compounds for Direct Amination and Hydroxylation of Carbonyls." Synthesis 49, no. 15 (July 17, 2017): 3281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590793.
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Functionalization of carbonyls, particularly with a heteroatom subunit, is an important synthetic transformation. Utilization of ambident electrophiles for such a strategy is advantageous because two different heteroatom units can be installed from a single source under judicial reaction conditions. Recently, there have been increased examples for the construction of C–O and C–N bonds using nitroso compounds, a prototype of ambident electrophiles. In this short review, we discuss the advantages and challenges of exploiting nitroso compounds in organic synthesis with specific focus on nitroso aldol type processes for the direct hydroxylation and amination of carbonyl compounds.1 Introduction2 Prime Challenges in Nitroso Aldol Reactions3 Direct Hydroxylation Reactions4 Direct Amination Reactions5 Conclusion and Outlook
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Wenda, Nina, Kai Fruth, Annette Fisseler-Eckhoff, and Jan Gosepath. "The Multifaceted Role of Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Head and Neck Surgery: Oncologic and Functional Insights." Diagnostics 13, no. 19 (September 28, 2023): 3081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193081.
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(1) Background: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has emerged as a transformative tool in head and neck surgery, with applications spanning oncologic insights and functional evaluations. This study delves into CLE’s potential in these domains. (2) Methods: We performed CLE in head and neck oncologic surgery, focusing on tumor margin identification and precise resection. We also employed CLE for functional assessment in allergic rhinitis, observing real-time mucosal changes during nasal provocation testing. (3) Results: In oncologic surgery, CLE enabled real-time visualization of tumor margins and cellular patterns, aiding resection decisions. In allergic rhinitis assessment, CLE captured dynamic morphological alterations upon allergen exposure, enhancing understanding of mucosal reactions. (4) Conclusions: The integration of CLE with evolving technologies such as deep learning and AI holds promise for enhanced diagnostic accuracy. This study underscores CLE’s expansive potential, highlighting its role in guiding surgical choices and illuminating inflammatory processes in the head and neck.
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Komekova, Akkenje. "Empowering language learning: the impact of TED talks on listening skills and beyond." InterConf, no. 39(179) (November 20, 2023): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.11.2023.013.
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This article delves into the transformative impact of TED Talks on the students’ listening skills. It explores how TED Talks captivate learners through their engaging and meaningful content, making language practice an exciting endeavor. By highlighting their attentive reactions to these talks, it reveals their role in enhancing listening comprehension. Through the marriage of visuals and sound in authentic video materials, TED Talks empower students to bridge the gap between classroom learning and real-world language usage. Moreover, this article uncovers their significant contributions in improving oral presentation skills and bolstering vocabulary retention in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) setting. It emphasizes the motivational aspect, as TED Talks inspire active participation and dynamic discussions. Instructors also benefit from these readily available resources, ultimately streamlining their teaching efforts. In summary, this article underscores the compelling and effective nature of TED Talks in enhancing students' listening skills and overall language proficiency.
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Lewis, Magda. "Interrupting Patriarchy: Politics, Resistance, and Transformation in the Feminist Classroom." Harvard Educational Review 60, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.60.4.w1r67q5135585122.
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In this article Magda Lewis investigates the psychological, social, and sexual dynamics of the feminist classroom as the women and men in her course struggle with the realities of violence against women and the negotiation strategies women use to succeed and survive in a patriarchal society. Lewis presents a feminist critique of patriarchy through her own feminist teaching practice within a context of both blatant and subtle forms of physical, social,emotional, and psychological violence against women. She analyzes students' resistance to such a critique, and self-consciously examines and questions the conditions under which her students make meaning of these events. Lewis shares some of the teaching strategies she has used to subvert the gendered status quo of classroom interaction between women and men by including her thoughts and reactions to her students' accounts of their experiences, perceptions,frustrations, and anger as they grapple with these issues. These stories illustrate the use of such instances as pedagogical moments of transformative power to lead students toward a more critical political perspective. Lewis concludes by suggesting a specific framework that articulates the terms of feminist teaching.
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Abdullayeva, Maya, and Gulchin Mammadli. "Opportunities for using hydrogen to transition to green energy." E3S Web of Conferences 494 (2024): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449403011.
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The article explores the pivotal juncture of procuring and integrating hydrogen as a transformative milestone in sustainable energy. The environmental impact is scrutinized through distinctions between "gray," "blue," and "green" hydrogen, with green hydrogen, derived from renewable sources, standing out for its potential to combat climate change. The method section details an investigation into the electrocatalytic activities of Ni-Mo thin films as cathodes in water electrolysis. The study underscores the effectiveness of these films, particularly the non-thermally treated ones, as cathodes in a neutral environment. The chemical reactions during electrolysis are outlined, and the catalytic activity is compared with other electrodes, revealing promising results for Ni-Mo thin films. A method for preparing solutions and an electrochemical coupling device used for deposition are also given.. The conclusion emphasizes the advanced idea of using hydrogen as a main energy source, calling for measures, legislative initiatives, and support for innovative projects to propel the development of hydrogen-based energy solutions.
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Bera, Shyamal Kanti, Sourav Behera, Lidia De Luca, Francesco Basoccu, Rita Mocci, and Andrea Porcheddu. "Unveiling the Untapped Potential of Bertagnini’s Salts in Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Quinazolinones." Molecules 29, no. 9 (April 26, 2024): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29091986.
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Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a transformative technique in organic chemistry, significantly enhancing the speed, efficiency, and selectivity of chemical reactions. In our research, we have employed microwave irradiation to expedite the synthesis of quinazolinones, using water as an eco-friendly solvent and thereby adhering to the principles of green chemistry. Notably, the purification of the product was achieved without the need for column chromatography, thus streamlining the process. A key innovation in our approach is using aldehyde bisulfite adducts (Bertagnini’s salts) as solid surrogates of aldehydes. Bertagnini’s salts offer several advantages over free aldehydes, including enhanced stability, easier purification, and improved reactivity. Green metrics and Eco-Scale score calculations confirmed the sustainability of this approach, indicating a reduction in waste generation and enhanced sustainability outcomes. This methodology facilitates the synthesis of a diverse array of compounds, offering substantial contributions to the field, with potential for widespread applications in pharmaceutical research and beyond.
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Pérez-Sosa, Camilo, Maximiliano S. Pérez, Alexander Paolo Vallejo-Janeta, Shekhar Bhansali, Santiago Miriuka, and Betiana Lerner. "Droplets for Gene Editing Using CRISPR-Cas9 and Clonal Selection Improvement Using Hydrogels." Micromachines 15, no. 3 (March 19, 2024): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15030413.
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Gene editing tools have triggered a revolutionary transformation in the realms of cellular and molecular physiology, serving as a fundamental cornerstone for the evolution of disease models and assays in cell culture reactions, marked by various enhancements. Concurrently, microfluidics has emerged over recent decades as a versatile technology capable of elevating performance and reducing costs in daily experiments across diverse scientific disciplines, with a pronounced impact on cell biology. The amalgamation of these groundbreaking techniques holds the potential to amplify the generation of stable cell lines and the production of extracellular matrix hydrogels. These hydrogels, assuming a pivotal role in isolating cells at the single-cell level, facilitate a myriad of analyses. This study presents a novel method that seamlessly integrates CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing techniques with single-cell isolation methods in induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines, utilizing the combined power of droplets and hydrogels. This innovative approach is designed to optimize clonal selection, thereby concurrently reducing costs and the time required for generating a stable genetically modified cell line. By bridging the advancements in gene editing and microfluidic technologies, our approach not only holds significant promise for the development of disease models and assays but also addresses the crucial need for efficient single-cell isolation. This integration contributes to streamlining processes, making it a transformative method with implications for enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of stable cell line generation. As we navigate the intersection of gene editing and microfluidics, our study marks a significant stride toward innovative methodologies in the dynamic landscape of cellular and molecular physiology research.
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MD, Moh Muafiqul Khalid. "TRANSFORMATIVE SHIFTS IN RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION: ANALYZING SOCIAL RESPONSES TO USTAZ HANAN ATTAKI'S TRANSITION FROM INDIVIDUAL AUTHORITY TO NAHDLATUL ULAMA (NU) MEMBERSHIP IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 18, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v18i1.2963.
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Religious social actors exert significant influence in disseminating their ideas to the public. The people has responded to the movement in religious organisation allegiance from Ustaz Hanan Attaki (UHA) to NU. The objective of this study is to examine the reaction to UHA's shift in religious affiliation, focusing on its impact on Indonesian millennials, who constitute a significant portion of its fan base, as well as the underlying reasons behind this transition. The study employed a qualitative methodology, utilising data retrieval techniques on popular social media platforms such as Instagram and Youtube. The author contends that this shift in affiliation direction demonstrates the robustness of traditional religious authority in Indonesia, where religious actors such as ustaz wield significant influence over societal religious transformation. The results suggest that UHA joined NU with the intention of broadening her activity in preaching the notion of hijrah. By affiliating with NU, he saw a chance to mitigate the past resistance encountered in East Java. This action ultimately elicited both positive and negative reactions from UHA followers on the internet, but it did not demonstrate any signs of causing conflict or exerting influence on the decision to alter UHA's religious affiliation.Aktor sosial keagamaan memegang peranan penting dalam mempromosikan ideologi mereka kepada khalayak. Fenomena bergesernya afiliasi ormas keagamaan dari sosok Ustaz Hanan Attaki (UHA) ke NU telah menimbulkan sejumlah respon dari masyarakat. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalis respon perubahan afiliasi keagamaan UHA sebagai actor yang sangat popular khususnya di kalangan milineal Indonesia dan apa motif dibalik perubahan afiliasi tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui penelusuran data-data di sosial media seperti Instagram dan Youtube. Penulis berargumen bahwa perubahan arah afiliasi ini menunjukkan kekuatan otoritas tradisional keagamaan di Indonesia, dimana actor keagamaan seperti ustaz menjadi tokoh yang sangat berpengaruh dalam perubahan sosial keagamaan di masyarakat. Hasil mengindikasikan bahwa UHA bergabung ke NU karena ingin memperluas lahan garap konsep hijrah dalam dakwahnya, dengan bergabung ke NU ada peluang untuk mereduksi penolakan dakwahnya yang pernah terjadi sebelumnya di Jawa Timur. Perpindahan ini pada akhirnya memunculkan respon pro dan kontra di kalangan netizen pengikut UHA, namun demikian tidak menunjukkan adanya indikasi konflik maupun pengaruh atas keputusan perubahan afiliasi keagamaan UHA.
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Li, Fang, W. Felix Zhu, Claire Empel, Oleksandr Datsenko, Adarsh Kumar, Yameng Xu, Johanna H. M. Ehrler, et al. "Photosensitization enables Pauson-Khand–type reactions with nitrenes." Science 383, no. 6682 (February 2, 2024): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adm8095.
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The Pauson-Khand reaction has in the past 50 years become one of the most common cycloaddition reactions in chemistry. Coupling two unsaturated bonds with carbon monoxide, the transformation remains limited to CO as a C 1 building block. Herein we report analogous cycloaddition reactions with nitrenes as an N 1 unit. The reaction of a nonconjugated diene with a nitrene precursor produces bicyclic bioisosteres of common saturated heterocycles such as piperidine, morpholine, and piperazine. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies support relaying of the diradical nature of triplet nitrene into the π-system. We showcase the reaction’s utility in late-stage functionalization of drug compounds and discovery of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors.
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Heinzmann, Sybille, Kristina Ehrsam, Hilbe Robert, and Bleichenbacher Lukas. "Studying Abroad During the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Two Case Studies." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 34, no. 4 (November 18, 2022): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v34i4.639.
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This contribution discusses two case studies that illustrate the experiences of mobility students who were studying abroad during the first outbreak of COVID-19. The case studies have emerged from a larger longitudinal, mixed-method study, which included an interview study with six international students planned for spring 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all participants had to terminate their stay early. Hence, the original interview study was adapted to focus on the impact of COVID-19 on students’ social contacts, linguistic practices, and emotional well-being in these exceptional circumstances. In the present contribution, we understand study abroad as a rite of passage, an important time in the life of young adults, and we draw on insights from previous research on educational travels with transformative potential to make sense of the students’ differing reactions to their early return. Abstract in German In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Fallstudien erörtert, die die Erfahrungen von Mobilitätsstudenten illustrieren, die während des Ausbruchs von COVID-19 im Ausland studierten. Die Fallstudien sind aus einer größeren mixed-method Längsschnittstudie hervorgegangen, welche eine für das Frühjahr 2020 geplante Interviewstudie mit sechs internationalen Studierenden umfasste. Aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie mussten alle Teilnehmer*innen ihren Aufenthalt vorzeitig beenden. Daher wurde die ursprüngliche Interviewstudie angepasst, um die Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die sozialen Kontakte, die sprachlichen Praktiken und das emotionale Wohlbefinden der Studierenden unter diesen außergewöhnlichen Umständen zu untersuchen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag verstehen wir das Auslandsstudium als einen Übergangsritus, eine wichtige Zeit im Leben junger Erwachsener, und wir stützen uns auf Erkenntnisse aus der bisherigen Forschung über Bildungsreisen mit transformativem Potenzial, um die unterschiedlichen Reaktionen der Studierenden auf ihre vorzeitige Rückkehr zu verstehen.
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Mukherjee, Dr Debatree. "Governance of ‘Mothering’ and Motherhood Politics in a Traditional Society." Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature 6, no. 4 (April 25, 2023): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/060408.
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Becoming a mother is a biological fact whereas ‘mothering’ is largely a sociocultural product. Though some psychoanalytic theorists argue that mothers have an instinctual urge to ‘mother’, sociocultural normative principles largely govern mothering. Cultures around the world have different expectations of what motherhood should be in their culture. Historically too there are images of ‘good mother’ and ‘bad mother’ possessing opposite characteristics. Motherhood being romanticized and over glorified throughout ages, puts pressure on the mother of constantly striving towards being a perfect mother. In the psychoanalytic framework, mothers are seen as the ‘object’ of a baby's desire serving transformative function. Becoming a mother, thus, inescapably impose dissonance and tension between the subjective experiences of mothering and normative ideals of motherhood. As an experiential consequence, a mother may feel emotionally tormented with ambivalent reactions towards motherhood and the concept of mothering. In this context the present paper attempts to inquire, with help of psychoanalytic and sociological theories, how a patriarchal society governs motherhood to establish the motherhood politics and its consequential effects on the mothers.
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Murzin, Serguei P., and Christian Stiglbrunner. "Fabrication of Smart Materials Using Laser Processing: Analysis and Prospects." Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010085.
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Laser processing is a versatile tool that enhances smart materials for diverse industries, allowing precise changes in material properties and customization of surface characteristics. It drives the development of smart materials with adaptive properties through laser modification, utilizing photothermal reactions and functional additives for meticulous control. These laser-processed smart materials form the foundation of 4D printing that enables dynamic shape changes depending on external influences, with significant potential in the aerospace, robotics, health care, electronics, and automotive sectors, thus fostering innovation. Laser processing also advances photonics and optoelectronics, facilitating precise control over optical properties and promoting responsive device development for various applications. The application of computer-generated diffractive optical elements (DOEs) enhances laser precision, allowing for predetermined temperature distribution and showcasing substantial promise in enhancing smart material properties. This comprehensive overview explores the applications of laser technology and nanotechnology involving DOEs, underscoring their transformative potential in the realms of photonics and optoelectronics. The growing potential for further research and practical applications in this field suggests promising prospects in the near future.
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Pietrzyk-Reeves, Dorota. "New Trends in Civic Activism in Central and Eastern Europe." Studia Politologiczne, no. 4/2023(70) (December 20, 2023): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2023.70.1.
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Transitions, democratization and recent democratic backsliding in CEE provide a rich context for examining the meaning and shifting of civic activism and how people participate and organize in civil society today. This article offers a fresh and comparative analysis based on empirical data on the question of what motivates formal and informal activism, and the potentially transformative role of civil society that has recently faced such challenges as democratic backsliding, shrinking public space and polarization. It looks specifically at the responses of Polish and Hungarian activists and advocacy CSOs to these new challenges. Their strategies bring an important lesson on how civil society actors can adapt, continue their mission, or even turn challenges into opportunities. These new trends indicate that civic space in CEE is shifting which is further influenced by the reactions to new forms of social, economic and political crises. It is argued that this shift and the new trends in civic activism require not only fresh empirical data, but also a revision of normative and methodological approaches that have so far been used in civil society and social movement research.
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Arcanjo, Ana Kélvia Araújo, Izabelly Linhares Ponte Brito, Alaíde Maria Rodrigues Pinheiro, Antonio Neudimar Bastos Costa, Joaquim Horácio de Araújo Neto, Pedro Everson Alexandre Aquino, and Fernando Nogueira Cavalcante. "Acute l acute lymphoblastic leukemia and CAR-T Cell immunotherapy: a literature review." Concilium 24, no. 2 (February 22, 2024): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-2806-24c05.
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Introduction: The use of CAR-T cells has shown significant results, representing a transformative new treatment option with potentially lasting and even curative responses. This study aims to comprehend CAR-T cell immunotherapy as an innovation for the treatment of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methodology: The research was conducted through a bibliographic search in the Medline, PubMed, and Lilacs databases, using the following descriptors: "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia" OR "CAR-T cells" OR "Immunotherapy" and their respective translations into English, between May 2023 and December 2023. Results: The selected studies demonstrated that ALL is a neoplasia with multifactorial etiology, originating in the bone marrow, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoblasts. However, chemotherapy, despite being the therapeutic method of choice, is considered nonspecific, as the drugs, besides acting on tumor cells, also compromise normal tissues with a high rate of renewal through mitotic division, such as the bone marrow, resulting in adverse reactions. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that immunotherapy using CAR-T cells has been showing promising results with satisfactory outcomes.
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Bedeer Sabry, Elsherbiny. "Biologic Medications for the Treatment of Psoriasis - Main Groups and Dosing System." Archives of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, no. 1 (November 20, 2023): 064–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.apps.1001045.
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This review explores the evolving landscape of psoriasis treatment with a focus on the transformative impact of biologic drugs. Psoriasis, a prevalent and persistent skin condition characterized by red and scaly patches, historically relied on topical, phototherapeutic, and systemic treatments, each with limitations. The advent of biologics represents a significant advancement, offering targeted interventions by addressing specific immunologic mechanisms underlying the disease. Biologics are now considered the preferred systemic therapy for chronic moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, particularly when conventional treatments prove ineffective or present disadvantages. The review delineates the mechanisms of action for biologics targeting tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-23 (IL-23). Specific drugs under each category, including etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, secukinumab, ustekinumab, and others, are detailed with recommended dosages. Biologics have demonstrated substantial effectiveness, with clinical trials and real-world studies showcasing significant improvements in disease severity and patient’s quality of life. Notably, these drugs exhibit rapid action, often yielding noticeable changes within weeks. While biologics have revolutionized psoriasis treatment, the review emphasizes the importance of judicious use due to potential side effects such as injection-site reactions and respiratory infections. Serious adverse events, including infections and autoimmune reactions, necessitate careful patient selection and monitoring for safety. In conclusion, biologics offer a precise and effective approach to psoriasis treatment, promising marked symptom improvement and enhanced quality of life. The review underscores the need for responsible utilization, considering patient-specific factors, and anticipates ongoing advancements in biologics for improved control over this chronic dermatitis.
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Quraishi, Marzuqa, Kayinath Wani, Soumya Pandit, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Ashutosh Kumar Rai, Dibyajit Lahiri, Dipak A. Jadhav, et al. "Valorisation of CO2 into Value-Added Products via Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES) and Electro-Fermentation Technology." Fermentation 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040291.
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Microbial electrocatalysis reckons on microbes as catalysts for reactions occurring at electrodes. Microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells are well-known in this context; both prefer the oxidation of organic and inorganic matter for producing electricity. Notably, the synthesis of high energy-density chemicals (fuels) or their precursors by microorganisms using bio-cathode to yield electrical energy is called Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES), giving an exceptionally appealing novel way for producing beneficial products from electricity and wastewater. This review accentuates the concept, importance and opportunities of MES, as an emerging discipline at the nexus of microbiology and electrochemistry. Production of organic compounds from MES is considered as an effective technique for the generation of various beneficial reduced end-products (like acetate and butyrate) as well as in reducing the load of CO2 from the atmosphere to mitigate the harmful effect of greenhouse gases in global warming. Although MES is still an emerging technology, this method is not thoroughly known. The authors have focused on MES, as it is the next transformative, viable alternative technology to decrease the repercussions of surplus carbon dioxide in the environment along with conserving energy.
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Hager, Tamar. "Seeing and Hearing the Other: A Jewish Israeli Teacher Grapples with Arab Students' Underachievement and the Exclusion of Their Voices." Radical Teacher 101 (February 23, 2015): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2015.113.
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This paper addresses my political and pedagogical resistance to the institutional discrimination of Palestinian Arab students in Israeli academia. Describing my instinctive negative reactions (frustration, helplessness, anger) towards what seems at first sight as their reluctance to study, I go on to criticize my own and other lecturers' tendency to blame the victim by analyzing the structural, cultural, political and social obstacles encountered by Arab students in Israeli institutions of higher education. The paper mainly focuses on the story of my resistance to this prevailing social and political structure. Adopting feminist critical pedagogy in my course "Representing Disability in Literature and the Cinema", I have created a space for my Arab students to overcome at least temporarily their repression by the Israeli academic system. The process of empowerment and the subsequent educational transformative and liberating exchange has enabled all participants to grant Arabs' transparent and excluded knowledge a significant social, cultural and political place, thus creating new and more culturally sensitive knowledge. Confronting the empowering effects of this method, I conclude my paper by suggesting some explanations as to the rarity of critical feminist pedagogies in Israeli academia.
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Gold, Meira. "Ancient Egypt and the geological antiquity of man, 1847–1863." History of Science 57, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 194–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275318795944.
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The 1850s through early 60s was a transformative period for nascent studies of the remote human past in Britain, across many disciplines. Naturalists and scholars with Egyptological knowledge fashioned themselves as authorities to contend with this divisive topic. In a characteristic case of long-distance fieldwork, British geologist Leonard Horner employed Turkish-born, English-educated, Cairo-based engineer Joseph Hekekyan to measure Nile silt deposits around pharaonic monuments in Egypt to address the chronological gap between the earliest historical and latest geological time. Their conclusion in 1858 that humans had existed in Egypt for exactly 13,371 years was the earliest attempt to apply geological stratigraphy to absolute human dates. The geochronology was particularly threatening to biblical orthodoxy, and the work raised private and public concerns about chronological expertise and methodology, scriptural and scientific authority, and the credibility of Egyptian informants. This essay traces these geo-archaeological investigations; including the movement of paper records, Hekekyan’s role as a go-between, and the publication’s reception in Britain. The diverse reactions to the Egyptian research reveal competing ways of knowing the prehistoric past and highlights mid-Victorian attempts to reshape the porous boundaries between scholarly studies of human antiquity.
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Ngoc, Le Thi Nhu, Ju-Young Moon, and Young-Chul Lee. "Insights into Bioactive Peptides in Cosmetics." Cosmetics 10, no. 4 (August 2, 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10040111.
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Bioactive peptides have gained significant attention in the cosmetic industry due to their potential in enhancing skin health and beauty. These small protein fragments exhibit various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, making them ideal ingredients for cosmetic formulations. These bioactive peptides are classified into four categories: signal, carrier, neurotransmitter-inhibitory, and enzyme-inhibitory peptides. This review provides insight into applying bioactive peptides in cosmetics and their mechanisms of action (e.g., downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, radical scavenging, inhibiting collagen, tyrosinase, and elastase synthesis). The abundant natural origins (e.g., animals, plants, and marine sources) have been identified as primary sources for extractions of cosmetic peptides through various techniques (e.g., enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrafiltration, fermentation, and high-performance liquid chromatography). Furthermore, the safety and regulatory aspects of using peptides in cosmetics are examined, including potential allergic reactions and regulatory guidelines. Finally, the challenges of peptides in cosmetics are discussed, emphasizing the need for further research to fully harness their potential in enhancing skin health. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the application of peptides in cosmetics, shedding light on their transformative role in developing innovative and effective skincare products.
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Essadek, Aziz, Alix Marie, Michel-Alexandre Rioux, Emmanuelle Corruble, and Florence Gressier. "Perception of Paternal Postpartum Depression among Healthcare Professionals: A Qualitative Study." Healthcare 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010068.
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The pathway to parenthood constitutes a fundamental and transformative stage in every individual’s life. While postpartum depression in mothers has been increasingly studied and acknowledged, paternal postpartum depression (PPD) has garnered only moderate research attention. This study aims to delve into the comprehension and knowledge of healthcare professionals who may encounter men suffering from postpartum depression. Within the framework of this qualitative research, we conducted six semi-structured interviews with various healthcare professionals. The data were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis, revealing the following themes: (1) the professionals’ uncertainty in the face of paternal PPD; (2) the context and timing of healthcare professionals’ involvement appeared unsuited for detecting paternal PPD; (3) the experiences of fathers were found not to be shared with healthcare professionals due to their inhibitions and avoidance reactions; (4) the social representation of the role of fathers influenced professionals in their considerations of this aspect. Strengthening the training and confidence of healthcare professionals in France would lead to an enhancement in the screening and management of paternal PPD. Additionally, the healthcare system should better organize postnatal support to enable caregivers to be more available during the peak of depression occurrence.
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Sinha, Shilpi, and Shaireen Rasheed. "Journeying toward Transformative Teaching in the Age of Alternative Facts and Re-Ascendant Ethnic and Racial Prejudice." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 122, no. 4 (April 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146812012200406.
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Background We are at a historical juncture that is punctuated by the rise of white nationalism, an exacerbation of racial divisions and tensions, an uptick in hate crimes, and bullying increasingly targeting immigrant youth, all of which, in the current political and cultural climate, have often been legitimized through a recourse to “alternative facts.” However, the current historical moment in the United States is also marked by a postmodern ethos, which is often taken up by the public in a fragmentary manner, highlighted by a general sense of incredulity regarding any form of knowledge. At the same time, the fuller, ethical context of postmodernism complicates how educators may pedagogically address and respond to the tensions and conflict that filter over into the university classroom from the social strife and injustices evident in the society at large. The ethical context of postmodernism warns against changing hearts and minds with a proliferation of the “right” facts assumed to be devoid of attachments of value. It also warns us to be vigilant against the foreclosures, reductions, and exclusions that occur when one draws on metanarratives and universals to mobilize against injustice. Purpose We explore what it means pedagogically, for teacher educators in predominantly white institutions, to be situated at a historical juncture that calls out for some form of social advocacy on their part to combat the rise in the politicization of truth and xenophobic and racist sentiment, but are simultaneously compelled to keep in mind the ethical lessons of postmodernism. Research Design We utilize critical phenomenological analysis intertwined with a narrative accounting of both authors’ classroom experiences as they attempt to engage college students at a predominantly white university with issues of racism, white privilege, and marginalization. We analyze and reflect on the mixed reactions of our students to a presentation on teaching in a diverse world, given by one of the authors to the other author's class of pre-service teachers. Conclusions/Recommendations For teaching that may facilitate white students’ ability to become reflective of their positionality as structured through whiteness and its attendant privileges, it is important to envision pedagogical work taking place within environments that can address not only students’ cognitive capacities but also the white body schema, which operates at a pre-reflective level. Educators may refrain from reducing white students to reified categories of whiteness by cultivating a disposition of wonder that may allow them to understand whiteness through the lens of emergent realities rather than substantive, ontological forces.
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Lu, Jian Yi, Jie Gao, and Cheng Long Meng. "Simulation Studies on Transformation of Mercury during Combustion Process." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.912.
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Mercury is one of important trace heavy metal elements and about 1/3 of mercury in the air comes from emissions of coal-fired flue gas. In this study, we simulated mercury’s 4 important reactions of the oxidation kinetics mechanism and got every reactions’ rate variations; meanwhile we studied the kinetics of four reactions and got the reacting paths, five pre-exponential factor in different temperatures, reaction activation energy change and reaction rate constant change, a relatively comprehensive homogeneous oxidation model established. Through the above simulation study, the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of 4 primitive reactions are obtained, having a great benefit for understanding the transformation mechanism of mercury in the process of coal combustion.
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Konečný, M., K. Cejpek, L. Čechovská, and J. Velíšek. "Transformation Pathways of Reductones in the Advanced Maillard Reaction." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (June 24, 2009): S149—S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1091-cjfs.
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The transformation of methylene-active reducing Maillard intermediates 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2<I>H</I>-furan-3-one (norfuraneol, 1) and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4<I>H</I>-pyran-4-one (DDMP) was studied in heated (at 70–95°C up to 2 h) model aqueous binary systems containing various reactive carbonyl Maillard intermediates. Among them, furan-2-carbaldehyde and its derivatives 5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde and pyrrol-2-carbaldehyde react intensely with the above reductones resulting in significant formation of consecutive reducing products. The active products formation and changes in total electrochemical activity were evaluated by using HPLC system with amperometric detection. The active products are consisted of primary reductone-carbaldehyde adducts (2a, b) that dehydrate to major active stereoisomeric condensation products (3a, b). The latter are hydrolysed to still electrochemically active compounds (4a, b) with yet unknown structure. Norfuraneol is transformed by 67–94% after 2 h heating at 95°C and pH 7 depending on a carbaldehyde, while DDMP react much slowly. Up to 42% of the initial norfuraneol electrochemical activity remains retained in the consecutive products depending on time and carbaldehyde involved.
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Chen, Run, Yajun Zhang, Kunpeng Hu, Guanglong Tu, and Tianzheng Dou. "Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Coal and Their Mechanism Due to Supercritical CO2–H2O Treatment." Minerals 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2023): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13101262.
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The dissolution of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) in water forms a ScCO2–H2O system, which exerts a transformative influence on the physicochemical characteristics of coal and significantly impacts the CO2-driven enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) recovery process. Herein, the effect of ScCO2–H2O treatment on the physicochemical properties of coal was simulated in a high-pressure reactor. The migration of major elements, change in the pore structure, and change in the CH4 adsorption capacity of coal after the ScCO2–H2O treatment were detected using plasma emission spectroscopy, the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method, and the CH4 adsorption method, respectively. The results show that (1) the ScCO2–H2O treatment led to mineral reactions causing a significant migration of constant elements in the coal. The migration of Ca ions was the most significant, with an increase in their concentration in treated water from 0 to 16–970 mg·L−1, followed by Na, Mg, and K. Al migrated the least, from 0 to 0.004–2.555 mg·L−1. (2) The ScCO2–H2O treatment increased the pore volume and pore-specific surface area (SSA) of the coal via the dissolution and precipitation of minerals in the coal pores. The total pore volume increased from 0.000795–0.011543 to 0.001274–0.014644 cm3·g−1, and the total pore SSA increased from 0.084–3.332 to 0.400–6.061 m2·g−1. (3) Changes in the CH4 adsorption capacity were affected by the combined effects of a mineral reaction and pore structure change. The dissolved precipitates of the minerals in the coal pores after the ScCO2–H2O treatment caused elemental migration, which not only decreased the mineral content in the coal pores but also increased the total pore volume and total pore SSA, thus improving the CH4 adsorption capacity of the coal. This study provides theoretical support for CO2 sequestration and ECBM recovery.