Journal articles: 'Transformation texture'

1

Volkova, Natalya P., and Viktor N. Krylov. "VECTOR-DIFFERENCE TEXTURE SEGMENTATION METHOD IN TECHNICAL AND MEDICAL EXPRESS DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS." Herald of Advanced Information Technology 3, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/hait.04.2020.2.

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The study shows the need for express systems, in which it is necessary to perform the analysis of texture images in various areas of diagnosis, for example, in medical express diagnostics of dermatologic disorders. Since the reliability of decision-making in such systems depends on the quality of image segmentation, which, as a rule, have the nature of spectral-statistical textures, it is advisable to develop methods for segmentation of such images and models for their presentation. A model of spectral-statistical texture is proposed, which takes into account the random nature of changes in the field variations and quasi-harmonics. On its basis, a vector-difference method of texture segmentation has been developed, which is based on the vector transformation of images of spectral and statistical textures based on vector algebra. The stages of the vector-difference method are the following: an evaluation of the spectral texture feature; an evaluation of the statistical texture feature; vector-difference transformation of texture images; a boundary detection of the homogeneous regions. For each pixel of the image in the processing aperture, the features of the spectral and statistical texture are evaluated. Statistical texture evaluation was performed by the quadratic-amplitude transformation. At the stage of vector-difference transformation of texture images, a vector of features of each pixel of an image is constructed, the elements of which are estimates of features of a spectral and statistical texture, and the modulus of the difference of two vectors is calculated. At the stage of boundary detection of homogeneous regions, Canny method was applied. The developed vector-difference texture segmentation method was applied both to model images of spectral-statistical texture and to texture images obtained in technical and medical diagnostics systems, namely, for images of psoriasis disease and wear zones of cutting tools. To compare the segmentation results, frequency-detector and amplitude-detector methods of texture segmentation were applied to these images. The quality of segmentation of homogeneous textured regions was evaluated by the Pratt's criterion and by constructing a confusion matrix. The research results showed that the developed vector-difference texture segmentation method has increased noise tolerance at a sufficient processing speed.

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2

Cabus, C., H. Regle, and B. Bacroix. "Phases transformation textures in steels." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120015.

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Low-carbon steels used for deep-drawability applications have properties which depend greatly on their crystallographic texture. It is therefore important to control the texture evolution during the thermomechanical processing. Until recently, little attention has been paid on the understanding of the textures formation after hot-rolling, which are produced by phase transformation, although it is recognised that they have an effect on the development of the texture in the further process (cold rolling and annealing). Indeed, one of the main difficulties consists in the measurement of texture above ambient temperature, in the austenite range. In the present work, EBSD technique is employed on a low-C steel and a method is proposed to determine local austenite orientation thanks to martensitic one, even if there is no residual austenite in the steel. The orientation relationships between the austenite phase and each of its product phases, here martensite and polygonal ferrite, are analysed and compared. Common Kurdjumov Sachs variants are detected for both phases. Variations in the intensities of these variants are also detected and could be due to the different phase transformation mechanisms, diffusion or shear.

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Ray, R. K., Ph Chapellier, and J. J. Jonas. "Correlations Between the Rolling Textures in FCC Ni–Co Alloys and the BCC Transformation Textures in Controlled Rolled Steels." Textures and Microstructures 12, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1990): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.12.141.

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Three fcc Ni–Co alloys with different stacking fault energies (SFE's) were cold rolled 95% and their textures were characterized by the orientation distribution function (ODF) method. BCC transformation textures were calculated from these experimental textures using three different orientation relationships for the γ→α transformation. The transformed ODF's derived from the Bain relationship were much sharper than the ones deduced from the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) or the Nishiyama–Wassermann (N–W) relations. The ferrite texture determined on a controlled rolled steel, heavily deformed in the unrecrystallized γ region, agrees reasonably well with the bcc texture calculated using the K–S relation from the rolled Ni–Co alloy with similar SFE. The major texture components of the ferrite, namely {332}〈113〉 and {311}〈011〉, are found to originate from the two major rolling texture components of the austenite, i.e. the {110}〈112〉(Bs) and {112}〈111〉(Cu), respectively. Such ferrite transformation from heavily deformed austenite seems to follow the K–S relationship without any variant selection. By contrast, the texture of the martensite produced from deformed austenite appears to involve significant amounts of variant selection.

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4

Bhadeshia, Harshad K. D. H. "Multiple, Simultaneous, Martensitic Transformations: Implications on Transformation Texture Intensities." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.9.

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A Theory is Developed for Martensite Variants that have Different Start Temperatures but Existin the same Steel. Themethod Enables the Volume Fractions of each Kind Ofmartensite to be Followed Asa Function of the Steel Temperature. the Problemis Relevant to the Calculation of Detail in Transformationtexture when Phase Changes Occur under the Influence of External Stress. it should Allow for the Firsttime, the Estimation of both the Location of Crystallographic Poles on a Stereographic Projection, Andthe Diffraction Intensity Associated with that Location. it is Found that the Increment of Transformationas a Function of Undercooling is Identical for all Variants, once Simultaneous Transformation Begins.Any Variance in the Absolute Fractions is due to the Differences in the Martensite-Start Temperature.

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5

Feng, Zhao Wei, Xu Jun Mi, Jiang Bo Wang, Zhi Shan Yuan, and Jin Zhou. "Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Transformation Temperature and Texture of Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ Cold-Rolled Plate." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1281.

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Transformation behaviors and texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9 cold-rolled plates were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction test. R phase transformation does not occur in Ni47Ti44Nb9cold-rolled plate annealed at 350°C-750°C followed by quenching into the water. Martensite transformation temperature first increases and then decreases with increment of annealing temperature, and the maximum achieves at 700°C. The heat of reverse martensite transformation increases, while hardness decreases as annealing temperature increases. The major texture of cold-rolled plate is {332} and spread from {332} to {110}. When the annealing temperature is above 600°C, the major textures are {332} and {111} recrystallization texture in secondary cold-rolled plate.

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6

Wei, Zigan, Ping Yang, Xinfu Gu, Yusuke Onuki, and Shigeo Sato. "Transformation textures in pure titanium: Texture memory vs surface effect." Materials Characterization 164 (June 2020): 110359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110359.

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7

Reher, F. R., W. Hänel, U. Czubayko, and Günter Gottstein. "High Temperature Texture Goniometer for the Measurement of Transformation Textures." Materials Science Forum 157-162 (May 1994): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.157-162.181.

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8

Gautam, Jai, Alexis G. Miroux, Jaap Moerman, Carla Barbatti, and Leo Kestens. "Texture Evolution during Cold Rolling and Annealing in Dual Phase Steels." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.778.

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This paper investigates the bulk texture evolution during cold rolling and annealing of Dual Phase steels for different processing conditions, i.e. cold reduction within the reduction range of 45 to 73% and annealing at temperatures between 650 and 850°C, which includes the recovery, recrystallisation and partial phase transformation domains. Textures have been measured by X-ray diffraction. The results reveal that the rolling texture is strengthened during the recovery process or initial stage of recrystallisation while during recrystallisation a weak RD-ND type of texture appears. During subsequent phase transformation the RD-ND type of texture further weakens and later randomises as the second phase fraction increases beyond 75%.

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9

Dinh, Huong Quynh, Anthony Yezzi, and Greg Turk. "Texture transfer during shape transformation." ACM Transactions on Graphics 24, no. 2 (April 2005): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1061347.1061353.

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10

Bourque, Eric, and Gregory Dudek. "Procedural Texture Matching and Transformation." Computer Graphics Forum 23, no. 3 (September 2004): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2004.00777.x.

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11

Brückner, G., F. R. Reher, and G. Gottstein. "High Temperature Texture Goniometer for in Situ Measurements of Transformation Textures." Textures and Microstructures 30, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1998): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.30.125.

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A high temperature stage was designed for mounting onto a computer controlled four circle X-ray texture goniometer. This technique allowed to conduct in situ texture measurement, i.e. the determination of the texture evolution during rather than subsequent to annealing. The device was employed for temperatures up to 1000°C.The furnace consisted of a resistance wire of Pt30Rh, which was isolated against the specimen with Al2O3 glue. The furnace with the specimen was covered by a hemispherical KaptonTM foil. Inside the hemisphere a reducing gas atmosphere was used to avoid oxidation of the sample surface.

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12

Kestens, Leo, and Roumen H. Petrov. "Physical Metallurgical Aspects of Texture Control by Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Low-Carbon Steel Sheet." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.835.

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The present paper presents an overview of present and future tools which can be used by the steel manufacturer in order to control the texture of the finished sheet product. The major solidstate- transformation processes (phase transformation, plastic deformation and recrystallisation) playing a role during thermo-mechanical processing will be addressed. The physical mechanisms that give rise to the appearance of specific texture components will be discussed in detail. In addition to current state-of-the-art process technology the potential of innovative processes will be described such as accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The present paper will also pay attention to the particular role of surface textures as an additional degree of freedom allowing to control the sheet texture with the potential to enhance the {001} or {110} fibre textures for magnetic applications.

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13

Isaenkova, M., and Yu Perlovich. "Features of the Phase Transformations in Sheets, Tubes and Welding Seams of the Alloy Zr–2.5%Nb." Textures and Microstructures 30, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.30.55.

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By use of X-ray texture analysis characteristic features of phase transformations in sheets, tubes and welding seams of the Zr–2.5%Nb alloy were studied. Main attention was given to inhomogeneity of phase transformation development, connected with inhomogeneous distribution of strain hardening in grains with different crystallographic orientations. The typical manifestation of phase transformation inhomogeneity in cold-rolled sheets is a shift of the initial texture maximum to the region of increased strain hardening. In channel tubes in consequence of phase transformations α−β−α the texture component {112−0}〈101−0〉 gains, testifying that tangential stresses favour corresponding alignment of basal normals accompanied by absorption of grains with other orientations. Competition between recrystallization and phase transformation in conditions of heating was considered. As strain hardening increases, recrystallization prior to phase transformation becomes more probable, being predominant within α-grains of some orientations. Parallel development of recrystallization and phase transformation in the zone of thermal influence by arc welding of rolled sheets was considered. It was shown that, as the distance from the melting zone decreases, different combinations of these processes realize.

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14

Park, No Jin, and Hans Joachim Bunge. "Texture, Texture Transformation and Properties of CuZnAl Shape Memory Alloys." Materials Science Forum 273-275 (February 1998): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.273-275.547.

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15

Gautam, J. Prakash, A. Miroux, Jaap Moerman, and Leo Kestens. "Tnr Dependent Hot Rolling Microstructure and Texture Development in C-Mn Dual Phase and HSLA Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 391 (February 2019): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.391.120.

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No recrystallization of austenite, Tnr, has an important influence on the transformed phase fractions and the final crystallographic texture after hot deformation. This paper investigates the evolution of microstructure and texture components during hot-rolling in two austenitic region based on Tnr along with three different cooling trajectory and coiling in dual-phase steels and high strength low alloys steel. The recrystallization of the austenite, the austenite deformation followed by the austenite-to-ferrite transformation influence the final microstructure and texture in dual phase steels, have been examined by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Recrystallized and deformed austenite have clearly different texture components and, due to the specific lattice correspondence relations between the parent austenite phase and its transformation products, the resulting ferrite textures are different as well.

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16

Kundu, Saurabh, and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. "Transformation texture in deformed stainless steel." Scripta Materialia 55, no. 9 (November 2006): 779–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.07.021.

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17

Bhadeshia, Harshad K. D. H. "Prediction and Exploitation of Transformation Texture." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.13.

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There is now a great deal known about the atomic mechanisms of solid–state phasetransformations, and this knowledge can be exploited to determine the distribution of crystalorientations. It is possible to estimate accurately, the crystallographic texture, transformationstrains and details of the microstructure, particularly in the context of steels. The concepts havenow been applied to design metallic alloys which compensate automatically for the residualstresses which develop in engineering components when they are cooled heterogeneously fromelevated temperatures. Such materials are now in commercial use and represent an innovationresulting directly from phase transformation theory.

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18

Salhi, Khalid, El Miloud Jaara, and Mohammed Talibi Alaoui. "Texture Image Segmentation Approach Based on Neural Networks." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v6i1.8166.

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One of the major problems in texture analysis is segmenting images into different regions based on textures. In this paper, we present a new approach of texture segmentation, which is based on both Kohonen maps and mathematical morphology, using three different texture features, namely, Haralick features based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), fractal features based on fractal dimension using the differential box counting method, and wavelet features based on wavelet transform. These features are used to train the Kohonen Network, which will be represented by the underlying probability density function (PDF). The segmentation of this map’s representation is made by morphological watershed transformation. In the final part of our algorithm, this will help on the segmentation of the textural image, by assigning each pixel to a modal region extracted from the map. Our work covers the results obtained by the three extraction methods taking into consideration the execution time and the error rate.

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Kołodziej, Sławomir, Joanna Kowalska, Wiktoria Ratuszek, Wojciech Ozgowicz, and Krzysztof Chruściel. "Microstructure and Texture Evolution in a Cold-Rolled High Mn Steel with Microadditions of Ti and Nb." Solid State Phenomena 203-204 (June 2013): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.203-204.71.

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The aim of this work was the microstructure and texture analysis of a deformed via cold-rolling 24.5Mn-3.5Si-1.5Al-Ti-Nb TWIP/TRIP type steel. It was found, that during cold plastic deformation a phase transformation of austenite into martensite takes place. The transformation progress was confirmed by the microscopic investigations. The texture of austenite is characterized by a limited α1=||RD fibre and the γ=||ND fibre. The texture of austenite changed with increasing deformation rate. In the texture of deformed austenite the strongest orientation is the {110} Goss orientation, which belongs to the α=||ND orientation fibre. During cold plastic deformation γ→ε and γ→ε→α’ phase transformations as well as the deformation of γ, ε and α’ phases are taking place in the steel. The formed ε phase (hexagonal structure) also possesses a distinct texture.

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Núñez, Andrés, Irene Collado, Juan F. Almagro, and David L. Sales. "Transformation of the Microstructure of Fe-Cr Steel during Its Production." Metals 11, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050806.

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EN 1.4016 stainless steels combine good corrosion resistance with good formability and ductility. As such, their most popular applications are related to sheet forming. During re-crystallisation of Fe-Cr steels, deviations from the desired γ-fibre (gamma fibre, <111>||ND) texture promote a decrease in deep drawability. Additionally, α-fibre (alpha fibre, <110>||RD) has been found to be damaging to formability. In this study, an EN 1.4016 basic material and a modified one with optimised settings as regards to chemical composition and manufacturing process, in order to improve the formability properties, are characterised. The phase diagram, microstructure, Lankford coefficients and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) (results confirm the evolution of texture during the processing of ferritic stainless steel. Texture is analysed by the interpretation of Orientation Distribution Function (ODF), using orientation density results for each sample obtained in the processing route. The cube ({001} <100>) and rotated cube ({001} <110>) textures dominate the crystal orientation from the slab until the intermediate annealing stage. After final annealing, there is a texture evolution in both materials; the γ-fibre component dominates the texture, which is much more intense in modified material supported by components that show good deep drawability, {554} <225>, and good transition from hot to cold rolling, {332} <113>. The modified composition and process material delivers a better re-crystallisation status and, therefore, the best drawability performance.

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Park, Seong Jun, Dong Woo Suh, Chang Seok Oh, and Sung Joon Kim. "Crystallographic Texture in Low Alloy TRIP Steel." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.1423.

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Low alloy transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels have a complex microstructure consisting of ferrite, bainite and retained austenite. Their excellent mechanical properties are ascribed to the martensitic transformation of retained austenite during plastic deformation. In the present contribution, the crystallographic texture of fcc and bcc phases in TRIP steels was measured by means of orientation mapping. The austenite texture was close to a typical rolling texture of fcc metals. For bcc phase, the effects of orientation and grain size on the distribution of pattern quality were investigated. The texture of transformation product phase was separated by grain size. The transformation texture showed stronger α fiber including {113}<110> component than the recrystallization texture. It showed a good agreement with a transformation texture predicted by Kurdjmov-Sachs (KS) relationship without any variant selection.

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Humbert, Michel, Nathalie Gey, and Lionel Germain. "Study and Modelling of Some Variant Selections in bcc to hcp Phase Transformations." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 1111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.1111.

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One very often observes that the texture inheritance in BCC to HCP phase transformation shows variant selections, even though no external stress field is applied. These variant selections are related to the metallurgical state, the microstructure and the texture of the parent phase. From our own investigations, we came to the conclusion that the variant selections we observed in some phase transformations of various materials were influenced at different degrees by the elastic behaviour of the parent phase. Considering the transformation strain of each variant and the elastic anisotropy of the parent, we have build variant selection models based on energy minimum of elastic strain and assuming different types of interactions. The simulation results of texture transformation of a zircalloy sample show that the elastic characteristics of the parent phases are key parameters involved in the variant selection.

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Chakraborty, Jay, Kishor Kumar, R. Ranjan, Sandip Ghosh Chowdhury, and S. R. Singh. "Stress, Texture and Phase Transformation in Titanium Thin Films." Solid State Phenomena 160 (February 2010): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.160.109.

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{111} fiber textured face centered cubic (fcc) titanium has been found to coexist with the {0002} fiber textured hexagonal close packed (hcp) titanium in polycrystalline titanium (Ti) thin films (thickness: 144 nm to 720 nm) deposited on Si (100) substrate by magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction investigation confirms that relative phase fraction of such metastable fcc Ti phase decreases with increasing film thickness indicating thickness dependent fcc-hcp phase transformation of titanium. Texture development in hcp Ti phase was due to film microstructure (thickness effect) rather than the phase trans-formation. Diffraction stress analysis (by d-sin2 method) indicates that fcc to hcp phase transformation is also accompanied by the reduction of compressive stress in the hcp Ti phase with increasing film thickness. Strain energy calculations for both phases of titanium indicate that fcc Ti is a more stable phase compared to hcp Ti at relatively low film thickness (144 nm to 432 nm). It has been concluded that film stress favours fcc to hcp phase transformation towards the higher film thickness. Reverse transformation (hcp to fcc) occurs towards the lower film thickness.

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Yang, Ping, Fa Yun Lu, Tong Yan Liu, Li Meng, and Wei Min Mao. "Crystallographic Behaviors of Uni-Axial Deformed High Manganese Steels." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2668.

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High manganese TRIP/TWIP steels with different Mn contents were subjected to uniaxial deformation. The textures, misorientations and orientation relationships were determined in austenite, HCP/BCC martensites and ferrite. It is observed that the mechanically stabilized austenite possesses mainly stable deformation texture, the intermediate HCP martensite possesses mainly unstable tilted basal texture and the BCC martensite possesses stable deformation texture which was actually mixed with transformation texture. Special misorientations due to either the inherence from austenite or due to twins or variant selection were main components in each phase. K-S relationship became much scattered due to slip-induced misorientations both in martensite and in parent austenite.

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25

López, N. M., and A. Salinas R. "Effects of Austenitizing Temperature and Cooling Rate on the Phase Transformation Texture in Hot Rolled Steels." MRS Proceedings 1485 (2012): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.281.

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ABSTRACTThe effects of austenitizing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructures and textures produced by phase transformations in high strength hot rolled Fe-C-Mn steel plates are investigated using orientation imagining microscopy. Samples machined from the plates are austenitized at temperatures between 820-950°C during 30 minutes and quenched in either iced-water, water or oil. Finally, the quenched samples are tempered at 450°C during 30 minutes. Characterization of microstructure and textures produced by these heat treatments was performed by conventional metallography using a reflected light microscope and orientation imaging microscopy using backscattered-electron diffraction patterns in a scanning electron microscope with thermo-ionic electron source.The results show that the microstructure and texture produced under a given combination of austenitizing temperature and cooling rate are strongly dependent on the mechanism involved in the phase transformation of the austenite (γ). High austenitizing temperatures and cooling rates promote martensitic transformation and development of textures containing significant volume fractions of Br, Cu, transformed-Cu and transformed-Br orientation components. In this case, the austenite and martensite phases are clearly related through the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship. In contrast, low temperatures and low cooling rates result in a complex mixture of transformation products, such as polygonal ferrite, Widmanstäten ferrite, martensite, bainite and pearlite. The textures formed under these conditions are quite different and contain significant volume fractions of cube, rotated-cube, Goss and rotated-Goss components, following the Bain orientation relationship.

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BEYAZTAŞ, Halil. "INVESTIGATION OF URBAN TEXTURE AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION RELATIONSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN TRANSFORMATION: KADIKÖY CASE STUDY." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11001100/009.

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Turkey is undergoing a major transformation process. This process, also called urban renewal, takes place at neighborhood and building (on-site transformation) scales. The literature focuses on transformation problem of the neighborhood scale; however, the characteristics of the problems associated with building scale transformation differ. One of these is texture differentiation. With the on-site renewal process, the existing urban texture and its micro-climate characteristics change. An existing low-rise building in the street is transformed and built as a high-rise multi-storey building, which shades the neighboring buildings in the texture. In this case, it can be predicted that the energy consumption performance of existing buildings will be affected. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of reconstructed high-rise buildings on existing buildings in the texture in terms of energy performance. The study area is chosen as Suadiye (Kadıköy, Istanbul) because of the high urban renewal activity. Using computer simulation methodology, the energy performance of a reference building was calculated for three texture scenarios: base situation (rural texture), 1960 urban texture and 2019 texture (after renewal). In this study, in which the building envelope is kept constant, the effect of the urban texture on the building energy consumption is clearly observed. According to the results of the study, lighting and heating energy consumption of the reference building increased during the transition from rural to 1960 texture. With the urban transformation law numbered 6306 enacted in 2012, it would be possible to save energy by optimizing the urban texture. However, in practice, it is seen that energy consumption of the reference building is increased more in the transformation from the 1960 texture to the 2019 texture. In other words, texture change has increased energy consumption. One of the goals of this high-cost transformation process, which is necessarily experienced with earthquake risk in the first place, was stated as providing energy savings. For this purpose, envelope insulation is mandatory in reconstructed buildings. However, independent of the building envelope, the characteristics of the urban texture also play an important role in energy consumption. For this reason, the optimization of the urban texture should be evaluated as a part of the transformation process and legal regulations should be implemented to support this. Potential impact analysis should be done before intervening in the urban texture.

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BEYAZTAŞ, Halil. "INVESTIGATION OF URBAN TEXTURE AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION RELATIONSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN TRANSFORMATION: KADIKÖY CASE STUDY." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/009.

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Turkey is undergoing a major transformation process. This process, also called urban renewal, takes place at neighborhood and building (on-site transformation) scales. The literature focuses on transformation problem of the neighborhood scale; however, the characteristics of the problems associated with building scale transformation differ. One of these is texture differentiation. With the on-site renewal process, the existing urban texture and its micro-climate characteristics change. An existing low-rise building in the street is transformed and built as a high-rise multi-storey building, which shades the neighboring buildings in the texture. In this case, it can be predicted that the energy consumption performance of existing buildings will be affected. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of reconstructed high-rise buildings on existing buildings in the texture in terms of energy performance. The study area is chosen as Suadiye (Kadıköy, Istanbul) because of the high urban renewal activity. Using computer simulation methodology, the energy performance of a reference building was calculated for three texture scenarios: base situation (rural texture), 1960 urban texture and 2019 texture (after renewal). In this study, in which the building envelope is kept constant, the effect of the urban texture on the building energy consumption is clearly observed. According to the results of the study, lighting and heating energy consumption of the reference building increased during the transition from rural to 1960 texture. With the urban transformation law numbered 6306 enacted in 2012, it would be possible to save energy by optimizing the urban texture. However, in practice, it is seen that energy consumption of the reference building is increased more in the transformation from the 1960 texture to the 2019 texture. In other words, texture change has increased energy consumption. One of the goals of this high-cost transformation process, which is necessarily experienced with earthquake risk in the first place, was stated as providing energy savings. For this purpose, envelope insulation is mandatory in reconstructed buildings. However, independent of the building envelope, the characteristics of the urban texture also play an important role in energy consumption. For this reason, the optimization of the urban texture should be evaluated as a part of the transformation process and legal regulations should be implemented to support this. Potential impact analysis should be done before intervening in the urban texture.

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28

BEYAZTAŞ, Halil. "INVESTIGATION OF URBAN TEXTURE AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION RELATIONSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN TRANSFORMATION: KADIKÖY CASE STUDY." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/009.

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Turkey is undergoing a major transformation process. This process, also called urban renewal, takes place at neighborhood and building (on-site transformation) scales. The literature focuses on transformation problem of the neighborhood scale; however, the characteristics of the problems associated with building scale transformation differ. One of these is texture differentiation. With the on-site renewal process, the existing urban texture and its micro-climate characteristics change. An existing low-rise building in the street is transformed and built as a high-rise multi-storey building, which shades the neighboring buildings in the texture. In this case, it can be predicted that the energy consumption performance of existing buildings will be affected. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of reconstructed high-rise buildings on existing buildings in the texture in terms of energy performance. The study area is chosen as Suadiye (Kadıköy, Istanbul) because of the high urban renewal activity. Using computer simulation methodology, the energy performance of a reference building was calculated for three texture scenarios: base situation (rural texture), 1960 urban texture and 2019 texture (after renewal). In this study, in which the building envelope is kept constant, the effect of the urban texture on the building energy consumption is clearly observed. According to the results of the study, lighting and heating energy consumption of the reference building increased during the transition from rural to 1960 texture. With the urban transformation law numbered 6306 enacted in 2012, it would be possible to save energy by optimizing the urban texture. However, in practice, it is seen that energy consumption of the reference building is increased more in the transformation from the 1960 texture to the 2019 texture. In other words, texture change has increased energy consumption. One of the goals of this high-cost transformation process, which is necessarily experienced with earthquake risk in the first place, was stated as providing energy savings. For this purpose, envelope insulation is mandatory in reconstructed buildings. However, independent of the building envelope, the characteristics of the urban texture also play an important role in energy consumption. For this reason, the optimization of the urban texture should be evaluated as a part of the transformation process and legal regulations should be implemented to support this. Potential impact analysis should be done before intervening in the urban texture.

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DEBIEC, PIOTOR, LUKASZ KORNATOWSKI, KRZYSZTOF SLOT, and HYONGSUK KIM. "TEXTURE GENERATION USING CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 16, no. 12 (December 2006): 3655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740601704x.

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The following paper introduces an application of Cellular Neural Networks for the generation of predetermined stochastic textures. The key element for the task realization is an appropriate selection of template elements, which should provide a transformation of initial, random CNN state into a stable equilibrium, featuring desired perceptual properties. A template derivation procedure comprises two steps: linear CNN design, followed by a template-refinement procedure that involves nonlinear optimization. In addition, a procedure that extends CNN texture rendition capabilities into a realm of non-pure stochastic textures is proposed.

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Yang, Ping, Wang Yue Yang, and Zu Qing Sun. "Texture Developments during Ferrite Refinement through Deformation-Enhanced Ferrite Transformation and Dynamic Recrystallization in Low Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.165.

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Texture evolutions are determined by XRD and EBSD techniques during ferrite refinement through deformation-enhanced ferrite transformation (DEFT) and dynamic recrystallization (DREX). Evidences of transformation texture, deformation texture and recrystallization texture during DEFT are provided and compared with the texture during DREX. The influence of pass-interval during DEFT on texture is illustrated. Results are discussed in terms of the influences of ferrite grain size and deforming temperature.

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31

Tomida, Toshiro. "Transformation Texture in Steel and Its Prediction." Materia Japan 53, no. 6 (2014): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.53.253.

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Kim, D. W., R. S. Qin, and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. "Transformation texture of allotriomorphic ferrite in steel." Materials Science and Technology 25, no. 7 (July 2009): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328408x365793.

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Kurc-Lisiecka, Agnieszka, Wojciech Ozgowicz, Wiktoria Ratuszek, and Joanna Kowalska. "Analysis of Deformation Texture in AISI 304 Steel Sheets." Solid State Phenomena 203-204 (June 2013): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.203-204.105.

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The textures of cold-rolled AISI 304 austenitic steel were the object of the investigations. The austenite steel was deformed by cold-rolling to 20, 40 and 70% reduction. A significant amount of martensite, formed due to the strain induced (γ®a’) transformation, was detected in the deformed structure by applying magnetic and X-ray diffraction methods. Texture analysis was performed on the basis of the orientation distribution functions (ODFs) calculated from the experimental pole figures. The texture measurements of both phases were conducted from the center layers of the cold-rolled strip. In the case of metastable austenite AISI 304 steel the texture development was very complex because three processes were proceded simultaneously during the cold-rolling, namely: plastic deformation of the austenitic g-phase, strain induced phase transformation γ®a’ and deformation of the formed a’-martensite. These processes resulted in the presence of two phases in the structure of the steel with a definite crystallographic relationship and orientation changes of both phases with increasing of the deformation. Thus, the resultant deformation texture of the investigated steels is described by the austenite and martensite texture components. The rolling texture of γ-phase describes mainly orientations from the fiber α =<110>║ND and the major components of the martensite deformation texture are orientations from the fibers α1=<110>║RD and γ ={111}║ND.

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Engler, O. "Simulation of the Recrystallization Textures of Al-Alloys on the Basis of Nucleation and Growth Probability of the Various Textures Components." Textures and Microstructures 28, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.28.197.

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The recrystallization textures of cold rolled Al-alloys are simulated under the assumption of a growth selection of the typical recrystallization texture components out of a limited spectrum of preferentially formed nucleus orientations. The probability of nucleation is derived from the distribution of the potential nucleus orientations which was determined by EBSD local texture analysis for the most important nucleation sites in cold rolled commercial Al-alloys, i.e. Cube-bands, grain boundaries and second phase particles. If several nucleation sites are active simultaneously, the total nucleation probability is composed of the respective contributions of each nucleation site. The growth probability is derived from a 40°<111> transformation of the rolling texture. The resulting recrystallization textures are simulated by multiplying these two probability functions, i.e. the ODF of the nucleus orientations with the ODF of the 40°<111>-transformed rolling texture.

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Han, Yuan Li, and Yan Ping Chen. "Image Overlapping Technique without Model for Large LoD Terrain Based on GPU." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4792.

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There are many difficulties in image overlapping in 3D terrain of dynamic LoD quad tree model, it will cause gaps between terrain tiles and images if both of them are expressed independently. This paper breaks through the LoD mesh difficulties, and realizes image overlapping based on GPU programming without modeling. It establishes different texture coordinate transformational relationships in GPU to realize seamless expression between terrain texture and overlapping image based on setting terrain vertexes with global unified texture coordinate. The affine transformation is adopted to solve the difficulty of multiple spatial nonlinear transformations aiming to the interaction of image overlapping, and also to solve the non-synchronous problem of texture coordinate in interaction. At last, the conclusion may be achieved. Image overlapping technique in LoD terrain without modeling based on GPU is a typical case of render technology to solve application difficulties, the realization is simple, efficient and steady which only faces to single terrain tile. This research will greatly enhance the ability of Digital Earth, which completely clear an important technical barriers and promote the applications in GeoDesign.

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Thangamania, K., R. Ichikari, T. Okuma, T. Ishikawa, and T. Kurata. "GEOMETRY AND TEXTURE MEASURES FOR INTERACTIVE VIRTUALIZED REALITY INDOOR MODELER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W5 (May 11, 2015): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w5-43-2015.

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This paper discusses the algorithm to detect the distorted textures in the virtualized reality indoor models and automatically generate the necessary 3D planes to hold the undistorted textures. Virtualized reality (VR) interactive indoor modeler, our previous contribution enables the user to interactively create their desired indoor VR model from a single 2D image. The interactive modeler uses the projective texture mapping for mapping the textures over the manually created 3D planes. If the user has not created the necessary 3D planes, then the texture that belong to various objects are projected to the available 3D planes, which leads to the presence of distorted textures. In this paper, those distorted textures are detected automatically by the suitable principles from the shape from texture research. The texture distortion features such as the slant, tilt and the curvature parameters are calculated from the 2D image by means of affine transformation measured between the neighboring texture patches within the single image. This kind of affine transform calculation from a single image is useful in the case of deficient multiple view images. The usage of superpixels in clustering the textures corresponding to different objects, reduces the modeling labor cost. A standby database also stores the repeated basic textures that are found in the indoor model, and provides texture choices for the distorted floor, wall and other regions. Finally, this paper documents the prototype implementation and experiments with the automatic 3D plane creation and distortion detection with the above mentioned principles in the virtualized reality indoor environment.

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Kundu, Saurabh, Kazukuni Hase, and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. "Crystallographic texture of stress-affected bainite." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2085 (July 4, 2007): 2309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1881.

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A method is presented for calculating both the macroscopic strains and the crystallographic bias which develop when a polycrystalline sample of austenitic steel is transformed into bainite or martensite under the influence of an applied stress or a system of stresses. Any texture present in the austenite prior to transformation is taken into account, as is the detailed crystallography of the transformation. Comparisons with experimental data are encouraging. A strong correlation has been observed between the proportion of the driving force for transformation that is attributed to stress and the extent of variant selection.

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Banumathy, S., Rajiv Kumar Mandal, and A. K. Singh. "Evolution of Hot Rolling and Phase Transformation Textures in an α″ (Orthorhombic) Phase in Ti-Nb Alloys." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.872.

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This work describes the development of texture during hot rolling of two alloys namely, Ti-12Nb and Ti-16Nb. The alloys have been unidirectionally hot rolled to 80 % reductions at 800°C and air cooled. Both the alloys show the presence of a² (orthorhombic) and small volume fraction of b (bcc) phases in hot rolled condition. The alloy Ti-12Nb exhibit moderate intensity texture while the alloy Ti-16Nb displays quite strong texture. The high overall intensity of texture in alloy Ti-16Nb in 80 % HR specimen can be attributed to the presence of large volume fraction of b phase in comparison to that of the alloy Ti-12Nb. This has been extended to study the textural changes after b solution treatment. This heat treatment consists of two types of phase transformations that are a² ® b ® a² and a² ® b ® a after water quenching and furnace cooling from β phase field.

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39

Dost, Senol. "Metric spaces and textures." Applied General Topology 18, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/agt.2017.6889.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Textures are point-set setting for fuzzy sets, and they provide a framework for the complement-free mathematical concepts. Further dimetric on textures is a gener- alization of classical metric spaces. The aim of this paper is to give some properties of dimetric texture space by using categorical approach. We prove that the category of clas- sical metric spaces is isomorphic to a full subcategory of dimetric texture spaces, and give a natural transformation from metric topologies to dimetric ditopologies. Further, it is pre- sented a relation between dimetric texture spaces and quasi-pseudo metric spaces in the sense of J. F. Kelly. </span></p></div></div></div>

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40

Gautam, Jai, Roumen H. Petrov, Elke Leunis, and Leo Kestens. "Strain Induced Inward Grain Growth during Recrystallisation in Steel Sheets with BCC Crystal Structure." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.303.

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The present paper investigates the potential application of Strain Induced Boundary Migration mechanism on the two different types of surface textures developed after α-γ-α phase transformation annealing, one with preferred cube and Goss orientation at the surface and the other with random surface texture without preferred orientations. It has been demonstrated that these surface texture components grow in across the thickness of the sheet after an appropriate combinations of a critical amount of rolling reductions and an annealing treatment at the recrystallisation temperature.

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Tomida, Toshiro, Masayuki Wakita, Mitsuru Yoshida, and N. Imai. "A Variant Selection Rule in Transformation in Steel and Prediction of Transformation Texture." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2846.

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Quantitative prediction of transformation textures in steel becomes possible if a variant selection rule is taken into account, in which ferrite nucleating on austenite grain boundaries prefers to have orientation relationship with two neighboring austenite grains at the same time. The mathematical model of the variant selection rule is described and some examples of simulation in transformation textures in hot-rolled steel sheets are presented using the textures of retrained austenite and the misorientation distribution function method. An excellent agreement is attained between the predicted and experimental ferrite textures.

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Gautam, J., Roumen H. Petrov, Leo Kestens, and Elke Leunis. "Surface Microstructure and Texture Evolution during Interrupted Annealing in Ultra Low Carbon Steels." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.202.

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The austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation, which is an inherent feature of low-alloyed ultra low carbon steels, has scarcely been investigated to control surface texture and microstructure evolution. This paper investigates the systematic evolution of texture and microstructure at the metal-vapour interface during interrupted annealing in vacuum. Interrupted annealing experiments were carried out on three ultra low carbon steel sheets alloyed with Mn, Al and Si. The texture and microstructures have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM-EBSD techniques. These results reveal a very clear variation in the surface texture components as well as in the surface microstructure after BCC recrystallisation and double  transformation interrupted annealing. The recrystallisation texture consists mainly of a <111>//ND fibre, while the transformation texture at the surface exhibits a <100>// ND fibre in combination with components of the <110> //ND fibre. It has been revealed that the latter specific surface texture was present in a monolayer of outer surface grains which were in direct contact with the vapour atmosphere. This observed phenomenon could be explained by considering the role of surface energy anisotropy occurring during phase transformation annealing.

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Nagy, E., Valéria Mertinger, Ferenc Tranta, and Jenő Sólyom. "Investigation of Thermomechanical Treated Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.237.

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During thermomechanical treatment of austenitic stainless steel a’ martensite and e martensite form in the austenite matrix. The martensitic transformation and deforming existing together result a high elongation at the investigated steel belonging to the TRIP grades. The amount of a’and e martensite depends on the strain level as well as on the deforming temperature in this steel. In the course of thermomechanical treatments we measured the amount and texture of the existing phases at different temperature and strain. It has been stated that the martensites are dominant in low temperature range, they have a considerable amount, and the transformation from e martensite to a’ martensite also takes place. The amount of a’ martensite increases by increasing the strain while the amount of e martensite shows a maximum. By investigating the relationship between the quantity of existing phases and the effect of texture, it has been stated that the transformation takes place in certain given plates in the textured matrix.

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44

Park, No Jin, and Hans Joachim Bunge. "Texture Transformation due to Martensitic Phase Transformation in CuZnAl Shape Memory Alloys." Materials Science Forum 157-162 (May 1994): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.157-162.563.

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Sitepu, H., and Heinz Günter Brokmeier. "Quantitative Texture Analysis and Phase Fraction of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Means of Neutron Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 443-444 (January 2004): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.443-444.267.

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The orientation distribution function (ODF) of the textured polycrystalline nickel titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) was determined from the measured austenitic (B2)pole-figures by neutron diffraction. The texture results showed that neutron diffraction is an excellent tool to investigate the minor variation in the texture of NiTi alloys, which is very sensitive to the variation of the content of nickel in the materials. Moreover, the alloys crystallographic phase fraction and texture were calculated from Rietveld refinement with generalized spherical harmonic (GSH) description for the measured complete neutron powder diffraction (ND) spectrum, rather than a few isolated peaks, during in-situ temperature-induced martensitic transformation. The phase fraction results are consistent with the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curves.

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Stanford, Nicole, and Pete S. Bate. "The Martensitic Transformation Texture in Ti-6Al-4V." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.669.

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The transformation texture associated with martensite formation in the titanium alloy Ti- 6Al-4V has been investigated. Samples were heated into the fully b phase and quenched to form a microstructure of very fine a' martensite with no evidence of diffusional transformation at the prior b grain boundaries. EBSD texture measurements on the martensite showed that within each prior b grain, although typically all 12 variants of a’ were formed, the fractions of variants was far from uniform. The a’ texture was markedly different from values calculated using equal variant probability, also indicating that significant variant selection was occurring during martensitic transformation. This effect was modelled on the basis of elastic interaction between martensite events.

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Kundu, Saurabh. "Prediction of transformation texture under complex rolling condition." Materials Science and Engineering: A 516, no. 1-2 (August 2009): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.02.054.

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Cummings, Vicki. "Experiencing Texture and Transformation in the British Neolithic." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 3 (August 2002): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0092.00161.

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Zhu, Z. S., J. L. Gu, and N. P. Chen. "Variant selection and phase transformation texture in titanium." Journal of Materials Science Letters 14, no. 16 (1995): 1153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00423389.

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Miyaji, Hirofumi, and Ei-Ichi Furubayashi. "Transformation Texture Analysis of BCC and BCT Ferrous Martensite." Textures and Microstructures 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.22.43.

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The theoretical prediction of transformation textures, that developed in thin sheet without external stress, was carried out based on the Bain-Strain and Twinning-Shear model, respectively. To examine the validity of the prediction, the experiments were conducted with X-ray pole figure method on Fe-30Ni and Fe-30Ni-0.8C alloy sheets. The results obtained are as follows:(1) Variant selection phenomenon depends on the crystal orientation of the parent phase and on the Bain strain in the martensitic transformation.(2) The effect of the anisotropic constraint stress on the shear deformation involved in the lattice change and on the Bain distortion appears most remarkably in the BCT martensite transformed from the cube textured parent phase.(3) It became clear that such a variant that has the largest Bain strain component to the sheet normal, that is, the variant, of which the Bain distortion is prevented least of all by the anisotropic constraint stress, forms predominantly.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Transformation texture'

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