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Academic literature on the topic 'Transformation d'ADN'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transformation d'ADN"
Bellanger, Fabienne. "La mutagenèse par insertion d'ADN chez Chlamydomonas reinhardtii : une nouvelle voie pour l'élucidation de la biosynthèse." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMP686S.
Full textDemanèche, Sandrine. "Etude du rôle de la transformation bactérienne naturelle en tant que méchanisme de transfert d'ADN aux micro-organismes du sol." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10111.
Full textSeow, Vui Yin. "DNA Transformation and Type IV Pili in Neisseria gonorrhoeae." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS049.
Full textAntibiotic resistance, evident in strains like Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a global health crisis. Understanding its mechanism, particularly natural transformation through Type IV Pili in these bacteria, remains vital. Despite discovery in 1928, the specifics of natural transformation remain elusive. Neisseria gonorrhoeae's dependence on Type IV Pili makes it an ideal model for studying this process.This thesis embarks on an intensive exploration into the intricate processes of DNA transformation within Neisseria gonorrhoeae, responding to the urgency of this critical concern. Central to this comprehensive study is the pivotal role attributed to Type IV Pili, a multifunctional and essential player in orchestrating DNA transformation.This research meticulously lays the groundwork, introducing molecular biology techniques essential for genetic engineering within N. gonorrhoeae. We explores tool development, particularly in medium optimization and microscopy tools tailored to study DNA uptake and transformation. Moreover, our investigations uncovered an intriguing correlation between starch and fatty acid, significantly impacting gonococcal growth. To understand Type IV pili dynamics during DNA uptake, we engineered tools and a streamlined workflow capable of visualizing and quantifying both pili and DNA molecules. Additionally, we automated the analysis of hydrogel micropillars to delve into the mechanical properties of pili retractions. Furthermore, adaptations to the micropillar coatings enabled us to study pili retractions interacting with DNA.This in-depth investigation also involves scrutinizing the behaviour of ΔPilV, ΔPilC, and ΔPilD mutants, unveiling profound insights into the regulatory mechanisms of Type IV Pili and their consequential impact on the dynamics of DNA uptake. Particularly noteworthy is the revelation that ΔPilV mutations induce alterations in PilE translocation, resulting in the emergence of shorter yet efficient pili. This discovery underscores the adaptive nature of N. gonorrhoeae in manipulating the diversity of Type IV Pili to optimize DNA uptake processes, a revelation that holds immense significance in combating antibiotic resistance.Furthermore, our studies on other minor pilins sheds light on phenotype alterations without impeding the mechanics of pili retraction. Our studies on PilV and PilD mutants, highlight the influence of posttranslational modifications on PilE, thereby accentuating the heterogeneous composition of Type IV Pili and their robust functionality as a polymer.We also include a short study examining the interplay between commensal and pathogenic Neisseria species within the context of DNA uptake broadens the scope of implications, inviting further inquiry and expanding the horizons of this captivating field.While this expedition leaves certain questions unanswered, its depth and breadth offer extensive insights into the intricate mechanisms of DNA transformation and the dynamic role played by Type IV Pili in the remarkable adaptability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Not only does this thesis provide solutions to existing queries, but it also illuminates novel pathways for future research, sparking curiosity and fascination in unravelling the functional intricacies of pili structures and their profound implications in DNA transformation
Jezequel, Nadia. "Evolution expérimentale de bactéries par brassage de génome." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831559.
Full textVidovic, Verica. "Production du peptide P-LAH4 chez E. Coli et études par RMN de ses propriétés antibactérienne et de transfection d’ADN." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/VIDOVIC_Verica_2011.pdf.
Full textLAH4 is a 26 amino acids antimicrobial peptide which has the ability to complex with DNA and to transfect eukaryotic cells. Here, we have described a procedure that allows rapid expression and purification of P-LAH4. The final yield obtained is 10mg of P-LAH4 uniformly 15N labeled per liter of culture. We have also shown that in spite of the proline’s addition in the N-terminus of the peptide, P-LAH4 maintains its antibacterial activity against E. Coli and is able to transfect DNA in a manner comparable with LAH4. The structure, topology of the peptide in interaction with model membranes and with DNA was investigated using NMR spectroscopy. Firstly, the NH, HN, Cα, Cβ and Hαchemicals shift of 90% of the peptide residues was determined when the peptide interacts with DPC micelles at pH=5. 5 and consequently we have shown that the peptide adopts an alpha-helical conformation from A4 to A23. Secondly, we have reconstituted the peptide in oriented POPC membranes at pH=5. 5 and 6. 9. The results indicate that the peptide is oriented parallel to the membrane at pH=5. 5 and that at pH=6. 9 it is 10° tilted to magnetic field. It also adopts an alpha helical structure at both conditions. Thirdly, application of REDOR NMR in DNA/LAH4 complexes at pH=5 reveals that the lysine side chains are close to 31P of the DNA in contrast to the histidine side chains which are not involved in significant dipolar coupling with 31P. The data suggest that the peptide interacts with DNA by electrostatic interactions via its extremities. The peptide was finally labeled at only one lysine site and the results indicate that the lysine 2 and 25 act as “driving residues” during the formation of complexes
Hachimi, Abdellah. "Transformations et problèmes de développement d'une société microfundiaire: cas des Ait-Mouli d'Ain-Leuh (Moyen-Atlas, Maroc)." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0503.
Full textUp to the twenties, the ait-mouli availed themselves of both the opposition and the complementarity of their territory's natural data in order to maintain sem-nomadism. As a result of influence of several factors - administrative, economic and social- the semi-nomads have abandoned that ancestral way of life. At the present time, the whole of the tillable lands with the exception of the collective lands in the jbel which are intended for paturage. Once settled, the ait-mouli are confronted with a new economic and social adaptation due to the increase in population and to a free opening to the market. As result, deep transformations have been set off and the local populations constanthy try to improve their standard of living, but within a society which is still microfundium and collective. The ait-mouli's present readaptation questions the old system of production and the relationships of complementarity that the different parts of the sector entertained with one another