Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transfert des champs'
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Barka, Ali. "Contribution à l'Etude des champs thermiques dans les conducteurs avec effet de peau (Influence de l'effet de peau sur le champs thermique dans un conducteur)." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066608.
Full textLima, Filho Severiano da Silva. "Influence du transfert massique sur les champs thermique et dynamique : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30220.
Full textDupont, Pierre. "Etude expérimentale des champs turbulents dans une couche limite supersonique fortement chauffée." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22006.
Full textAttar, Abdelkader. "Transfert spectral de l'excitation optique dans le rubis en présence d'un champ électrique ou d'une contrainte uniaxiale." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11634.
Full textSchrive, Luc. "Traitement de suspensions biologiques complexes par champs électriques pulsés : Etude des mécanismes de transfert d'énergie." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20154.
Full textAdolphe, Xavier. "Contribution au développement de la méthode électrodiffusionnelle : "nouveaux capteurs et exemples d'applications"." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2273.
Full textThe dissertation has been realized within the framework of European programmes COST F2 " Electrochemical Flow Measurements " and COST P6 " MagnetoFluidDynamics ". This multidisciplinary topic deals with the studies of convective transfer phenomena near solid/liquid interfaces (coupling of hydro/thermo/electrochemical phenomena). The new type of electrodiffusional sensors (" screen-printed electrodes ") have been studied and adapted for practical applications. Special attention has been paid to the calibration of electrochemical probes with respect to local wall shear stress measurements as well as to the measurements of the statistical characteristics of the turbulence within the viscous sublayer. This allows us to obtain reliable data for the fine characterisation of the near wall turbulent mixing of a passive scalar. The results of experimental measurements in a plane channel are in a good agreement with the results of direct numerical simulations (DNS). A new method of electrochemical flow diagnostic based on the measurements of the delay time have been proposed and studied. Two types of control of the interfacial transfer phenomena have been studied : electromagnetic actions (influence of the Lorentz forces) and surfactants. The methods developed have been used for three industrial applications : - modelling (software FLUENT) of the galvanic processes (contact collaboration with the company PEM: " Protection Electrolytique des Métaux "); -study of biofilms growth (12th CPER, program "WATER" in collaboration with the company " Concorde Chimie "); - simulation of Lithium-Ion behaviour by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (in collaboration with the company " SAFT ")
Thaunay, Florian. "Développement de champs de forces polarisables et applications à la spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX037/document.
Full textSpectroscopy dissociation by absorption of infrared photons (IRPD) provides vibrational signatures of charged species in the gas phase, such as small peptides or hydrated ions in water clusters. The vibrational normal modes assignment to establish a relationship between the experimental spectrum and molecular structure is a delicate task and requires the use of molecular modeling.This manuscript presents a set of theoretical tools for calculation and assignment of vibrational spectra, based mainly on classical molecular dynamics and polarizable AMOEBA force field, and its application to gaseous ions of various sizes. Hydrated ions in water clusters M(H2O)n (n in 6-100 range) are characterized by a dynamic behavior, and their experimental spectrum can not be described by a single structure. The signature of peptides changes with temperature and dynamic anharmonicity effects. They can also be the site of proton transfer mechanisms, with a very characteristic vibrational signature.The potential energy surface of these systems is explored by classical molecular dynamics in individual trajectories or replica exchange to generate energetically stable structures. For smaller systems, quantum methods, as DFT and post-HF, are used to confirm the lowest energy structures, calculate their static IR and propose normal modes assignments. For larger systems, i.e ions in water drops of several tens of molecules, the simulation of IR spectra at finite temperature is based on the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the dipole moment (DACF), calculated during a classical molecular dynamics trajectory. As this method does not allow direct access to the vibrational normal modes, we implemented a method of dynamic assigments, based on the Driven Molecular Dynamics (DMD) and coupled to the DACF. The combination AMOEBA /DACF / DMD was used to reproduce and assign the spectrum of the dipeptide Ace-Phe-Ala-NH2, and those of hydrated ions in water clusters.Finally, the vibrational signature of a proton transfer can not be described by quantum static methods or by classical dynamics. Its modeling required the development of a two states Empirical Valence Bond Model (EVB), coupled with AMOEBA polarizable force field. The two states EVB model was implemented in the software TINKER. It can reproduce the dynamic behavior of proton transfer in small peptides and deprotonated acids, as well as the spectroscopic signatures observed experimentally.An important part of the applications of these developments relates simple hydrated ions in nano-droplets, and in particular the sulfate ion of great environmental importance. We were able to reproduce satisfactorily, for the first time, the spectra of clusters containing up to 100 water molecules. The main contributor to this experimental spectroscopy is the team of E. Williams from the University of California of Berkeley. We have established cooperation with them to complete this work by modeling the IR spectra of hydrated sulfates ions [SO4(H2O) n=9-36]2-, for which they obtained experimental signatures
Valentin, Constance. "Manipulations non-cohérente et cohérente d'un jet atomique de Césium par laser : mélasses optiques dans un champ magnétique et transfert adiabatique de population." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112026.
Full textBerard, Alexandre. "Transferts de champs entre maillages de type éléments finis et applications numériques en mécanique non linéaire des structures." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2045/document.
Full textIn continuum mechanics, when a problem is solved with the finite element method, field are known on nodes or on integration points, on a given mesh of the structure. If we which to use these results to perform a calculation on a second mesh, a data transfer is inevitable, especially in studies which imply adapting mesh process, or for coupling several codes. Numerical simulation must take this fact into account, which is not entirely the case today. So R&D division of EDF is eager to use some tools to remove this lock, in the software Code_Aster.There is a sum up of the work dine during the thesis. The objectives are the following: propose some methods for fields transfers, compare and describe these different approaches with theoretical analysis and numerical errors, implement one of these methods in Code_Aster, validate this implementation on some industrial cases
Stepan, Jiri. "Etude du transfert du rayonnement polarisé dans l'atmosphère solaire." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608761.
Full textNaz-Paris, Olivia. "Etude d'isolants soumis à des champs divergents par une mesure directe des distributions de charges injectées." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066350.
Full textRabah, Kheira Leila Chopart Jean-Paul. "Convection par gradient de susceptibilité magnétique. Effets sur l'électrodéposition du cuivre et de l'alliage cobalt-fer." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000733.pdf.
Full textRamirez, Velez Julio César. "Etude spectropolarimétrique des distributions du champ magnétique solaire au niveau de la photosphère et développement de nouvelles techniques multi-raie d'analyse des champs magnétiques stellaires." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066358.
Full textAnele, Amos onyedikachi. "Conception et l'amélioration de la structure de couplage magnétique pour des systèmes de transfert de puissance inductive localisées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV038/document.
Full textTaking into account high oil prices and environmental awareness, the development of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered as a healthier mode of transportation. Amongst other eco-friendly vehicles, EVs are considered as a favourable solution for a greener energy because the electricity they consume can be generated from a wide range of sources which include fossil fuel, nuclear power and renewable energy. However, users and owners of EVs feel uncomfortable because EVs require sufficient electrical energy battery storage on-board to provide sufficient driving autonomy.Lumped inductive power transfer (LIPT) system is a new technology that allows the transfer of electric power between its air-cored primary and secondary coils via high frequency magnetic fields to a consuming device. Unlike the conventional plug-in system, LIPT system is capable of providing a safe, efficient and convenient overnight recharging of EVs. However, its main limiting factor is the poor performance of its magnetic coupling structure (MCS), which is intended to transfer power efficiently. Thus the problem statement of this thesis is to improve the performance of MCS models for LIPT systems.Firstly, based on a more efficient and relevant mathematical model available in the literature, MATLAB code is implemented to compute the mutual inductance between air-cored filamentary circular (FC) coils. Also, the computation and experimental validation of the magnetic fields between two FC coils are presented.Furthermore, computational models of an IPT system for EV battery charge are presented in this thesis. Based on the technical specifications of Renault ZOE, the results obtained show that by supplying a higher frequency AC voltage to the primary coil of the MCS and compensating the primary and secondary sides of the air-cored coils with series-series capacitors, the 3 kW single-phase and 22 kW three-phase IPT systems modelled using MATLAB/Simulink are capable of delivering the electricity needed to power the Renault ZOE.Finally, in order to recommend a suitable and cost-efficient MCS model that can help transfer electric power more efficiently for the battery charging of EVs and E-bikes, a 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) package called COMSOL multiphysics is used to design, compute and investigate a more complex and realistic MCS model of LIPT systems. The designed MCS models incorporate air-cored coils with proper configuration of magnetic cores (e.g. ferrite), structural steel covering for the bottom part of the primary coil and top part of the secondary coil and lastly, iron plate which serves as a covering for the primary coil installed underground and the chassis or underbody structure of EVs. The performance of the designed models are determined by the values of the mutual inductance and induced voltage obtained from COMSOL
Crespy, Charles. "Contribution à la mesure de champs de température bi et tri-dimensionnels par photographie de Speckle : application à l'estimation des flux de chaleur pariétaux." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0031/these.pdf.
Full textThis study deals with the implementation of a Speckle Photography experimental device in order to measure temperature fields in bidimensional and tridimensional air flows, specially it focuses on near wall heat transfers estimation. First of all, an experimental device is designed and optimized for thermal phase object studies. Then, an original metrology to measure convective parietal heat flux is developed. It allows to increase spatial resolution and measurement accuracy, and to correct measurements from diffraction phenomenon which introduces a bias in parietal measurement. This technique is successfully validated with a measurement campaign on an air jet impingement flow simultaneously perform with the Speckle Photography technique and with a balance method. Finally, a tridimensionnal field estimation algorithm which needs a narrow viewing angle is developed. This technique has the advantage to be used in the parietal problems. It's implemented to estimate the thickness and the position of a free convective boundary layer
Yerro, Pascal. "Etude expérimentale des champs de température et de vitesse d'un bardage thermique." Antilles-Guyane, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AGUY0022.
Full textBensalem, Mohamed. "Développement d’imagerie THz de champs de teneur en eau et de température en vue de la caractérisation thermique et massique de coefficients de diffusions." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0176/document.
Full textThe movement of moisture in the porous network of certain materials is very often at the origin of phenomena prejudicial to the durability of the constructions of the civil engineering. This is particularly the case for the drying of wood, which creates cracks and delaminations at bonding interfaces, and for concrete in situations of fire where the movement of moisture can induce irreversible disorders (chipping). The use of predictive models of structural ruin therefore requires the simulation of the moisture movement within the materials. These mass and heat transfer models are sophisticated and need to be confronted with measurements in order to be validated. Few experimental techniques exist to measure moisture movements or gradients in porous networks, especially in transient conditions (drying, fire). Existing techniques are often expensive and impose severe conditions of safety for the researchers. The objective of the thesis is therefore to develop a device for measuring gradients of moisture based on Terahertz imagery. This is a comparatively inexpensive measuring technique and makes it possible to carry out transient measurements. An existing experimental bench will therefore be adapted to the measurement of the moisture field on wood specimens under variable water-moisture conditions and on concrete specimens in a heating situation. The results will constitute a database useful for understanding the phenomena of degradation of materials and will be directly usable as a validation tool for calculation models
Parniakov, Oleksii. "Intensification de la congélation des aliments sous l’effet des champs électriques pulsés." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2366/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the study of the effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the improvement of plant tissues freezing. These studies have demonstrated that the effects of the PEF are rather complex. The PEF treatment results in membrane electro-permeabilization. Calorimetric analyses showed that the electro-permeabilization leads to an increase in bound water content. It also results in acceleration of mass transfer processes between intra- and extracellular parts of a tissue. The dynamic modification of the composition of these two parts during the freezing was observed. Experimental tests using the PEF-assisted cryo-pressing demonstrated that the melting temperatures were lower and that the extracted juice was much more concentrated as compared to untreated tissues. Moreover, the PEF-treatment allowed significant decreasing of freezing time. Furthermore, the electro-permeabilization facilitates the mass transfer with the external medium. The PEF treatment accelerates the impregnation of plant tissues by cryoprotectants, evaporation of free water and sublimation of frozen water. Finally, the treatment by PEF induces changes in the structure of the samples, their composition and positively influences both the mass and energy transfers
Zeramdini, Bessam. "Apport des méthodes de remaillage pour la simulation de champs localisés. Validation en usinage par corrélation d’images." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0051/document.
Full textIn this work, a fully automated adaptive remeshing strategy, based on a tetrahedral element to simulate various 3D metal forming processes, was proposed. The aim of this work is to solve problems associated with the severe mesh distortion that occurs during the computation and which may be incompatible with the evolution of the physical behavior of the FE solution. Indeed, the quality of the mesh conditions affects the accuracy of the calculations. The proposed strategy is integrated in a computational platform which integrates a finite element solver (Abaqus/Explicit), 3D mesh generation and a field transfer algorithm.The base idea is to use the h-adaptive methodology in the combination with a damage-criterion error and Zienkiewicz-Zhu Z2 type error estimator (SPR-improved) to locally control the mesh modification-as-needed. Once a new mesh is generated, all history-dependent variables need to be carefully transferred between subsequent meshes. Therefore, different transfer techniques are described and compared. An important part of this work concerns the presentation of the proposed modification of the field transfer operator and a special attention is given to restore the local mechanical equilibrium of the system. During the large elasto-plastic deformation simulation with damage, the necessary steps for remeshing the mechanical structure are presented. The several types of applications are also given. For all studied applications, the above strategy can improve the accuracy and quality of numerical results. It also has benefits to decide how refined a mesh needs to be to reach a particular level of accuracy, or how coarse the mesh can be without unacceptably impacting solution accuracy.For the machining processes, kinematic field measurements using Digital image Correlation were performed to validate the numerical simulation at the local level. The comparison of the experimental kinematic fields and those resulting from the FE calculation highlights the robustness of the proposed mesh adaptation process which can transcribe the experimental local phenomena. Also, the reproduction of the material flow at the edges and the chip are correlated with the experimental results accurately. Finally, the physical study of the numerical results can be allowed to propose an innovative description of ASB formation
Broydé, Frédéric Jérôme Démoulin Bernard. "Analyse des propriétés électromagnétiques des écrans cylindriques, et application à la caractérisation de l'efficacité de blindage des câbles." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/746.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3469. Résumé en français. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 173-179.
Bérard, Alexandre. "Transferts de champs entre maillages de type éléments finis et applications numériques en mécanique non linéaire des structures." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652207.
Full textEscolano, Cyril. "Analyse spectroscopique détaillée d'atmosphères stellaires : structure des vents et composition chimique de surface des étoiles O." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10150.
Full textMassive stars are the central engines of various astrophysical processes : they ionize the surrounding hydrogen, giving birth to HII regions and, through their stellar winds, they yield the processed material synthetized in their core and inject mechanical energy to the surrounding medium. In addition, they are suspected to be the progenitors of the most luminous and energetic events observed at the time, namely (core-collapse) supernovae and gamma ray bursts. Far from being the homogeneous outflows of material described initially by the radiatively driven winds theory, the massive stars’ atmospheres are highly structured (wind clumping) and exhibit an intense activity (X-rays emissivity and magnetic fields for instance). During my thesis, I was particularly interested in the properties of the massive, hot and luminous O type stars. I realized the detailed spectroscopic analysis of a sample of these objects (some of them hosting a magnetic field), with the state-of-art radiative transfer code CMFGEN. From this analysis, I determined their fundamental parameters (effective temperature, surface chemical abundances, mass loss rates,. . . ) and confronted them to the most recent theoretical models. My results confrm that strong contrasts exist between the observational parameters and those expected by both theoretical wind models and stellar evolution models
Gomes, Jean-Marie. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la genèse des potentiels de champs locaux par les neurones corticaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066409/document.
Full textLocal field potentials (LFPs) are low-frequency (< 200-500 Hz) events resulting from brain activity. Their meaning and the mechanisms shaping them have been highly debated for decades. The existence and importance of a frequency-dependant filtering of ionic currents by brain tissue is controversial. Some authors conclude that the medium is resistive, while others suggest that brain tissue may exert significative low-pass filtering on electrical currents. A new measurement method is presented here, relying on the concept of natural impedance, which is measured using a neuron as an ''electrode''. This allows to obtain the most relevant impedance from a physiological point of view, in terms of electrode-medium interface, current intensity and spatial scale. The measured impedance is stable, reproducible, stronger than what is traditionally measured, and has a 1/\√f frequency dependance. A physical model, taking into account ionic diffusion in the medium, is able to reproduce this impedance. A similar method allows to compute the transfer function between the intra- and extracellular potentials of a neuron. Models are proposed to explain its structure, predict LFPs from cell activity and vice-versa. These results may help interpreting LFP and electroencephalography signals, yielding a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological brain function
Boroun, Shahab. "Magnetic field stimulation of magnetic nanoparticles for the intensification of scalar transport." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36596.
Full textDans cette thèse, le transport de scalaires dans des ferrofluides / ferrogels est étudié théoriquement et expérimentalement. L’intérêt principal est de quantifier expérimentalement le processus de transport de masse dans des ferrofluides / ferrogels exposés à un champ magnétique externe et de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces processus à la lumière de simulations ferrohydrodynamiques (FHD). Nous visons également à utiliser les phénomènes de transport améliorés, identifiés dans les ferrofluides pour des applications de génie de la réaction chimique, par le biais d'études expérimentales sur le mélange / micromélange en micro-canal. L’introduction présente les principes de base de la dynamique des ferrofluides et des nanoparticules magnétiques (NPM) du point de vue de la mécanique des fluides et de la physique des colloïdes. Le cadre de ferrohydrodynamique, englobant les équations du mouvement des ferrofluides en relation avec la relaxation magnétique, y est expliqué. La littérature récente pertinente au transport de scalaires et au mélange dans les ferrofluides est examinée et les mécanismes d'intensification de transport de masse dans le ferrofluides excités par divers types de champs magnétiques sont discutés. Le première chapitre présente des observations expérimentales et des simulations numériques sur le transport de scalaires dans un ferrofluide de type Brownien au repos mais soumis à un champ magnétique rotatif (CMR). Les expériences de transport de masse ont été conduites dans un mélangeur capillaire en T excité transversalement par un champ magnétique uniforme. Une augmentation significative du transport de masse a été observée en présence de CMR dans une direction normale à l'axe de rotation du champ magnétique. Un tel contrôle directionnel par CMR a permis de mettre en évidence le caractère anisotrope du flux de masse puisque la diffusion moléculaire était le seul mécanisme de transport agissant dans une direction parallèle à l'axe du capillaire. Le rôle de l'advection du ferrofluide induite par CMR (écoulement spin-up) quant à l'amélioration du transport de masse a été examiné à la lumière de la solution de l'équation d’advection-diffusion et de la comparaison des prédictions numériques de FHD avec les résultats expérimentaux. Une analyse comparative systématique des simulations numériques par rapport aux observations expérimentales a révélé que la diffusivité effective dans le ferrofluide peut être représentée par un tenseur diagonal dont les composantes sont fonction de la fréquence du CMR et de la concentration des NPM. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous avons exploité le concept de diffusion effective anormale anisotrope dans les ferrofluides pour expliquer les variations de la dispersion axiale observées expérimentalement pour un écoulement de Poiseuille en présence de CMR. Les résultats expérimentaux ont montré que la distribution des temps de séjour (DTS) en présence de CMR est moins asymétrique avec un temps de percée de plus en plus retardé lorsque la fréquence de CMR et/ou la concentration en nanoparticules magnétiques augmente(nt). La solution de l'équation d'advection-diffusion couplée aux équations de transport de quantité de mouvement sous champ magnétique rotatif signale une faible contribution de l'advection dans le phénomène observé. Les simulations numériques ont également montré que la réduction de la dispersion axiale était le résultat d'une diffusivité effective anisotrope anormale dans le ferrofluide suggérant une échelle de mélange de l’ordre de quelques nanomètres dictée par l’effet de la rotation du champ magnétique sur la matrice liquide porteuse non-magnétique des NPM. Dans le troisième chapitre, les propriétés de transport de masse du ferrofluide identifiées ont ensuite été examinées pour des applications de mélange et de micromélange via des techniques réactionnelles. Une étude comparative a été menée pour évaluer l'efficacité du mélange entre des fluides magnétiques et non magnétiques dans un mélangeur de type T capillaire, cylindrique et soumis à des champs magnétiques statique (CMS), oscillant (CMO) et rotatif. En utilisant la réaction modèle de Villermaux-Dushman, nous avons mis en évidence la sensibilité de la sélectivité de cette réaction au micromélange et au transfert de masse au niveau moléculaire. Les résultats ont montré une réduction substantielle de la résistance au transport à l’échelle nanométrique avec des effets mesurables sur la distribution des produits lorsque le mélange est stimulé par un cham magnétique rotatif. Dans le chapitre quatre, nous étendons le concept de mélange NPM/CMR aux ferrogels, préparés en ensemençant des (dipôles durs) nanoparticules de cobalt-ferrite dans un hydrogel de polyacrylamide. L'analyse quantitative des données d’aimantation a révélé l'existence de NPM hydrodynamiquement libres, donc sensibles à la relaxation brownienne, ainsi que des NPM mécaniquement bloquées dans la structure du ferrogel. Un ferrogel contenant des MNP hydrodynamiquement libres engendre des diffusivités effectives d’un soluté passif largement supérieures à la diffusion moléculaire intrinsèque mesurée pour le même soluté au sein de la structure de ferrogel en absence de champ magnétique rotatif. Les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques de cette thèse pourraient ouvrir la voie à l’utilisation de MNP/ferrofluide stimulés par champ magnétique pour la conception et le développement de systèmes micro-fluidiques et de matériaux magnétiques multifonctionnels dotés de propriétés de transport contrôlables à distance.
Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous avons exploité le concept de diffusion effective anormale anisotrope dans les ferrofluides pour expliquer les variations de la dispersion axiale observées expérimentalement pour un écoulement de Poiseuille en présence de CMR. Les résultats expérimentaux ont montré que la distribution des temps de séjour (DTS) en présence de CMR est moins asymétrique avec un temps de percée de plus en plus retardé lorsque la fréquence de CMR et/ou la concentration en nanoparticules magnétiques augmente(nt). La solution de l'équation d'advection-diffusion couplée aux équations de transport de quantité de mouvement sous champ magnétique rotatif signale une faible contribution de l'advection dans le phénomène observé. Les simulations numériques ont également montré que la réduction de la dispersion axiale était le résultat d'une diffusivité effective anisotrope anormale dans le ferrofluide suggérant une échelle de mélange de l’ordre de quelques nanomètres dictée par l’effet de la rotation du champ magnétique sur la matrice liquide porteuse non-magnétique des NPM.. Dans le troisième chapitre, les propriétés de transport de masse du ferrofluide identifiées ont ensuite été examinées pour des applications de mélange et de micromélange via des techniques réactionnelles. Une étude comparative a été menée pour évaluer l'efficacité du mélange entre des fluides magnétiques et non magnétiques dans un mélangeur de type T capillaire, cylindrique et soumis à des champs magnétiques statique (CMS), oscillant (CMO) et rotatif. En utilisant la réaction modèle de Villermaux-Dushman, nous avons mis en évidence la sensibilité de la sélectivité de cette réaction au micromélange et au transfert de masse au niveau moléculaire. Les résultats ont montré une réduction substantielle de la résistance au transport à l’échelle nanométrique avec des effets mesurables sur la distribution des produits lorsque le mélange est stimulé par un cham magnétique rotatif. Dans le chapitre quatre, nous étendons le concept de mélange NPM/CMR aux ferrogels, préparés en ensemençant des (dipôles durs) nanoparticules de cobalt-ferrite dans un hydrogel de polyacrylamide. L'analyse quantitative des données d’aimantation a révélé l'existence de NPM hydrodynamiquement libres, donc sensibles à la relaxation brownienne, ainsi que des NPM mécaniquement bloquées dans la structure du ferrogel. Un ferrogel contenant des MNP hydrodynamiquement libres engendre des diffusivités effectives d’un soluté passif largement supérieures à la diffusion moléculaire intrinsèque mesurée pour le même soluté au sein de la structure de ferrogel en absence de champ magnétique rotatif. Les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques de cette thèse pourraient ouvrir la voie à l’utilisation de MNP/ferrofluide stimulés par champ magnétique pour la conception et le développement de systèmes micro-fluidiques et de matériaux magnétiques multifonctionnels dotés de propriétés de transport contrôlables à distance.
The solution of advection-diffusion equation coupled to FHD equations of motion predicted weak contribution of advection in the observed phenomenon. The numerical simulations showed that the reduced axial dispersion is the outcome of anomalous anisotropic effective diffusivity in ferrofluid exposed to external uniform RMF. In chapter three, the identified mass transport properties of ferrofluid were further examined for (micro)-mixing applications in reaction engineering. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the mixing efficiency between magnetic and non-magnetic fluids in a cylindrical capillary T-type mixer subjected to static (SMF), oscillating (OMF) and rotating magnetic fields. By using a probe reaction set (the Villermaux-Dushman reaction) with sensitive selectivity to mass transfer rate, mixing at molecular level was also investigated. The results showed substantial elimination of mass transfer rate influence on product distribution of chemical reactions when the mixing process is intensified with RMF. In chapter four, we extend the concept of mixing by MNP/RMF to ferrogels, prepared by seeding hard-dipole cobalt-ferrite MNP in polyacrylamide hydrogels. Quantitative analysis of magnetization data indicated the existence of hydrodynamically free MNPs, susceptible to Brownian relaxation along with mechanically blocked ones. A ferrogel consisting of hydrodynamically free MNP exhibits effective diffusivities higher than the intrinsic molecular diffusion of passive solute within the ferrogel structure. The experimental and theoretical findings in this thesis may open the way for application of magnetic field-stimulated MNP/ferrofluid for design and development of microfluidic systems and multifunctional magnetic materials with remote-controllable transport properties.
In this PhD thesis, the transport of scalars in ferrofluids/ferrogels is theoretically and experimentally studied. The major interest is to experimentally quantify mass transport process in ferrofluids/ferrogels exposed to external magnetic fields and also to understand the mechanisms underlying the observed enhanced mass transport processes through ferrohydrodynamic (FHD) simulations. We also aim at utilizing the identified enhanced transport phenomena in ferrofluids for reaction engineering applications through experimental studies on mixing/micromixing in microchannels. The introduction presents the basic principles and fundamentals of ferrofluid and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) dynamics from fluid mechanics and colloidal physics perspectives. The framework of ferrohydrodynamics (FHD), encompassing the ferrofluid equations of motion in connection with magnetic relaxation is explained. The recent literature relevant to the subject of scalar transport and mixing in ferrofluids is reviewed and the mechanisms of rate intensification of mass transport in ferrofluid subjected to various types of magnetic fields are discussed. The first chapter reports experimental observations and numerical simulations on the transport of scalars in quiescent Brownian ferrofluids under rotating magnetic field (RMF). The mass transport experiments were conducted in a cylindrical capillary T-mixer in presence/absence of transverse uniform RMF. Significant enhancement in mass transport was observed in presence of RMF in a direction normal to rotation axis of magnetic field. RMF directional control of mass flux enhancement was anisotropic since the molecular diffusion was the only detected transport mechanism in a direction parallel to the capillary axis. The significance of RMF driven ferrofluid advection (spin-up flow) in mass transport enhancement was examined in the light of the solution of advection-diffusion equation and subsequent comparison of numerical predictions with experimental results. Systematic analysis of numerical simulations compared to experimental observations unveiled that the effective diffusivity in ferrofluid consists of a diagonal tensor whose components are a function of RMF frequency and MNP concentration. In the second chapter, we exploited the concept of anisotropic anomalous effective diffusion in ferrofluids to explain the experimentally observed variations of axial dispersion in ferrofluid capillary Poiseuille flow in presence of external RMF. The experimental results showed that residence time distribution (RTD) in presence of RMF is more symmetric with retarded breakthrough time when frequency of RMF and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) concentration are increased.
Ruigrok, Hermanus. "Étude en temps réel des effets cellulaires et moléculaires des champs électromagnétiques radiofréquence environnementaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0674/document.
Full textThe biological and health effects of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure have been very actively studied in the past two decades, mainly triggered by concerns about potential health effects of wireless communication systems. This physical agent is among the most common, fastest-growing environmental factors, triggering concerns in the population, as even a minor effect of EMF exposure on health could have a major public health impact. While the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF) on the excitation of nerve and muscle cells have been well-characterized, the only well-described effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) on biological systems are caused by dielectric-relaxation heating. In contrast, “nonthermal” RF EMF effects refer to other potential biological effects that are not caused by temperature elevation of living tissue or cell culture medium. The investigation of such mechanisms has been hampered by the absence of robust, reliable and repeatable effects occurring as a consequence of low-level exposures, for which temperature elevation is minimal. Moreover, no plausible mechanistic hypotheses have been given concerning thermal or nonthermal effects of low-level RF EMF exposures, making difficult to draw conclusions on the basis of available experimental results. Nonetheless, in 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified RF emitted by cell phones as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Class 2B). The characterization of nonthermal biological RF EMF effects is therefore of primary importance for setting safety limits since guidelines and standards have so far been set to protect from the known health risks associated only with the thermal effects of RF EMF exposures. The aim of this basic science thesis work is to characterize the effects of environmental RF EMF signals on living matter at the cellular and molecular level. In this work, we took advantage of modern and innovative methods to observe the behavior of living matter under RF EMF exposure in real time at various specific absorption rates (SAR). In particular, we have studied: (i) Specific RF EMF effects on the ionic channel TRPV1, a major thermoreceptor in our body. TRPV1 activation under RF EMF exposure was studied using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique. The implementation of this technique called for the construction and characterization of BRET probes targeting TRP channels as well as the development of a device for the remote measurement of BRET spectra, using an optical fiber. The conclusion of this part of the thesis is that RFs are able to activate the TRPV1 channel by producing a dielectric heating but in the absence of temperature increase there is no RF effect on the basal activation state of TRPV1 and no change of capsaicin maximal efficacy to activate TRPV1. (ii) The analysis of the global behavior of cells in culture under RF exposure was carried out using a modified xCELLigence system where the array of electrodes of the measuring plates were also used to expose the cells to RF EMF. Using this device, we were able to perform SH-SY5Y cell exposures with a SAR of 24 W/kg without causing heating in the culture medium or in the cell culture. No effect of RF EMF on the behavior of the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y line could however be demonstrated, either in the absence or in the presence of a co-stimulation by a chemical agent. The conclusion of this study is that under conditions where the temperature remains stable, we have not been able to demonstrate any changes in the functioning of living cells, ether at the molecular level or at the cellular level. The tools developed in this thesis work offer important prospects both in the field of drug screening using spectral BRET, and pave the ways for future studies in bioelectromagnetics
Guerroudj, Salim. "Caractérisation et modélisation des systèmes de charge sans contact du véhicule éclectrique en mouvement pour l'évaluation des champs magnétiques générés." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR046.
Full textThis thesis deals with the magnetic fields generated in the vicinity of a dynamic wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles. The objective of this work is to develop a novel methodology dedicated to these systems, fully independent of the characteristics of the system (i.e. geometry and frequency). The magnetic fields generated by such systems can be harmful to human health, since they are induced by high intensity currents in order to transfer high power in short ranges, thus the assessment of the magnetic fields in vicinity of the system is critical for this technology. The chapters of this thesis describe step by step, the modeling, the co-simulation and the experimental validation of a simplified dynamic wireless power transfer system. Indeed, a modeling methodology of the coupler considering the simulation of the whole system is suggested. Furthermore, an analytical model was developed especially for these systems, in order to get the induced current in a short time for any generic system. For the purpose of approving the modeling approach, an experimental bench consisting of a real scale dynamic wireless power transfer system was designed in order to compare the electric (current, voltage) and the magnetic quantities (inductance, magnetic induction) obtained from the simulation and from the experimental data
RANC, Nicolas. "Etude des champs de température et de déformation dans les matériaux métalliques sollicités à grande vitesse de déformation." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010301.
Full textJohann, Lussange. "Energie de Casimir et transfert thermique radiatif entre surfaces nanostructurées." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879989.
Full textFerraro, Luigi. "Design and control of inductive power transfer system for electric vehicle charging." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17819/1/Ferraro_L.pdf.
Full textFerraro, Luigi. "DESIGN AND CONTROL OF INDUCTIVE POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING." Tesi di dottorato, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/11667/1/Tesi%20dottorato%20Ferraro.pdf.
Full textCassone, Giuseppe. "Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of H-bonded systems under an electric field." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066061/document.
Full textAlthough the basic mechanism of the proton transfer (PT) phenomenon in water has been envisaged in 1806, nowadays does not exist a detailed theoretical framework that envelop the protolysis process. This phenomenon is at the base of the operation of hydrogen batteries, as well as of many biological processes. Via the Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics (CPMD) technique and by means of the application of an electric field (EF), part of this thesis has been devoted to the detailed study of PT in two ice phases: ice Ih and its ferroelectric counterpart, ice XI. Several previously unknown mechanisms have been shown. As an example, the role played by the oxygens when a PT occurs and the contribution due to (dis)order in assisting this process [1,2]. The PT phenomenon is also at the base of the functioning of some methanol-based energy converters such as Nafion membranes. To the aim of disclosing the intimate nature of PT in liquid methanol, a series of CPMD simulations have been carried out by applying an external EF; the role played by the H-bond network have been also compared with the similar PT mechanism in water [3]. At field strengths higher than those leading to PT, several chemical reactions have been observed in this sample. By exploiting the conceptual Density Functional Theory framework, it has been possible to clarify the circumstances under which a given chemical reaction occurs. Moreover, in order to disclose the role played by the EF in assisting chemical reactions, the mechanism leading to the formation of formaldehyde and methane in the sample has been studied with metadynamics approaches in conjuction with the ab initio ones
Dimitriou, Konstantinos. "Etude des collisions d'ions et d'électrons avec atomes et molécules par la méthode des trajectoires classiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112333.
Full textCross section evaluation for the reactions observed in collisions between electrons, ions and simple molecules is the aim of this work. The classical trajectory Monte Carlo method (CTMC) which had been frequently used for calculating such cross sections is here extented in order to treat four-and five-body collisions and applied to the study of H-H, H+ -H2+, He++ -H2+, H+ -H2 collisions. In order to extend the apllication field, quantum calculations of the type of linear combinasion of atomic orbitals (LCAO) and an evaluation of e - rare gas ionization cross sections have been also carried out. The ionization and charge transfer cross sections obtained by this work have been compared with those coming from calculations avaible in the literature, but also with the experiemntal results. It has been so verified that using the CTMC method we can obtain reliable results in a wide domain of collision energies. During this work, a detailed study of the categories of trajectories which constitute the solution of the few-body dynamical systems has been necessary. .
Pécheux, Nicolas. "Modèles exponentiels et contraintes sur les espaces de recherche en traduction automatique et pour le transfert cross-lingue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS242/document.
Full textMost natural language processing tasks are modeled as prediction problems where one aims at finding the best scoring hypothesis from a very large pool of possible outputs. Even if algorithms are designed to leverage some kind of structure, the output space is often too large to be searched exaustively. This work aims at understanding the importance of the search space and the possible use of constraints to reduce it in size and complexity. We report in this thesis three case studies which highlight the risk and benefits of manipulating the seach space in learning and inference.When information about the possible outputs of a sequence labeling task is available, it may seem appropriate to include this knowledge into the system, so as to facilitate and speed-up learning and inference. A case study on type constraints for CRFs however shows that using such constraints at training time is likely to drastically reduce performance, even when these constraints are both correct and useful at decoding.On the other side, we also consider possible relaxations of the supervision space, as in the case of learning with latent variables, or when only partial supervision is available, which we cast as ambiguous learning. Such weakly supervised methods, together with cross-lingual transfer and dictionary crawling techniques, allow us to develop natural language processing tools for under-resourced languages. Word order differences between languages pose several combinatorial challenges to machine translation and the constraints on word reorderings have a great impact on the set of potential translations that is explored during search. We study reordering constraints that allow to restrict the factorial space of permutations and explore the impact of the reordering search space design on machine translation performance. However, we show that even though it might be desirable to design better reordering spaces, model and search errors seem yet to be the most important issues
Nguyen, Van Dai. "Magnétorésistance de magnon reversement de l'aimantation et dynamique de parois dans FePt et NiFe nanostructures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY039/document.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, we study the magnetization reversal process of FePt nanowires with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. When reducing the wire width below the mean dendrite width, the magnetization reversal favors a transition from the dendrite growth to the propagation of a single domain wall (DW). Further decreasing of the width towards the disorder length and/or the mean edge roughness leads to a large increase of coercivity, which finally results in a mix of DW propagation and nucleation in ultra-narrow wires. The second part focuses on the use of Magnon magnetoresistance (MMR), i.e., the magnon contribution to the resistivity, to study the magnetization reversal in nanostructures with either perpendicular (FePt) or planar magnetization (NiFe). We showed that MMR can be used in nanowires and nanomagnets, in particular to detect DW position in nanowires processed in a single layer. Finally, the dynamic of DW depinning under field and current in both FePt and NiFe systems has been studied. We observe three different modes of DW depinning, which depend on the nature of defects, or on the geometry of the constriction. Statistical analysis of the pinning time indeed shows that the depinning path can be described as simple path, serial paths or alternative paths. Additionally, the effect of DC current on all depinning mechanisms is found to be equivalent to the effect of applied field which, allow measuring the spin transfer efficiency in these systems
Rabah, Kheira Leila. "Convection par gradient de susceptibilité magnétique. Effets sur l'électrodéposition du cuivre et de l'alliage cobalt-fer." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000733.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the convection created by a magnetic field perpendicular to the electrode surface and to the effects of this convection on copper and cobalt-iron alloy electrodeposition. By comparison of two systems with paramagnetic electroactive species and two systems with diamagnetic electroactive species, it has been proved that the electrolysis currentmodifications are due to the convection generated by a paramagnetic force. Theoretical relations have been determined and confirmed by stationary and dynamic results. The copper nucleation on titanium oxide is not changed by a magnetic field perpendicular to the electrode surface. However we note modifications in measuring thickness and roughness of copper deposits. The XRD diffractograms exhibit changes in texture of CoFe alloy electrodeposited with or without superimposed magnetic field. When a magnetic field is applied in a direction parallel to the electrode surface, only textured Co7Fe3 phase can be seen. Whereas textured fcc Co and Co7Fe3 phases are detected without magnetic field or with a magnetic applied in a perpendicular direction to the surface electrode
Prevost, Valentin. "Validation du transfert d'aimantation inhomogène (ihMT) comme nouveau biomarqueur IRM de la myéline." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0037/document.
Full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique, widely used to explore soft tissues. Advanced and innovated MRI techniques have been developed to improve the specificity of conventional MR sequences thus allowing accessing new information. A particularly important research topic concerns the ability to in vivo access myelin information. Myelin is a major component of the central nervous system responsible for a good nerve conduction. Myelin alteration occurs in multiple sclerosis, one of the main cause for young adult permanent disability. However, myelin MRI is challenged by the very short relaxation time, T2, of myelin protons. Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) is a recent technique, which allows assessing macromolecular tissue component by exploiting their dipolar order relaxation properties, characterized by the time constant T1D. The objective of this thesis concerned the validation of ihMT as a myelin biomarker and the evaluation of the specificity of ihMT for myelin on mouse models
Dumouchel, Fabien. "Etude expérimentale des champs dynamiques et thermiques de l'écoulement de Benard-Von Karman en aval d'un obstacle chauffé dans l'air et dans l'eau." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES067.
Full textVauchamp, Stéphane. "Contribution à la caractérisation de sources fortes puissances : mesure instantanée de champ électromagnétique par signature d'un objet neutre (méthode MICHELSON)." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/d0e6ae06-4109-48b1-9899-638d37f17210/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4038.pdf.
Full textThis document presents the development of a new method for the high electromagnetic field measurement, called MICHELSON method. This study was supported by the French armament agency (DGA). This method is based on a simple equipment which is composed of a passive target and a classical receiving antenna. The target is illuminated by the field to measure and diffracts it in different directions, the receiving antenna measures the diffracted field in a given location; the purpose is to get the incident field from the receiving antenna output voltage. The fact to move the measurement permits to recover only a fraction of the incident field, permits to measure high fields from a low level instrumentation. Collaborations with the Centre d’Etudes de Gramat (CEG) and with the Laboratory of Electrical Engineering (LGE) of Pau have been led to validate the method on narrow band and wide band high power microwave sources. These high level experimentations have permitted to establish the performances of the MICHELSON method, which have been compared to those of the specific existing sensors
Wasem, Klein Felipe. "Photoactive polymer – carbon nanotubes hybrid nanostructures." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAE004.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the preparation of conjugated polymers (P3HT and a derivated copolymer) – carbon nanotubes hybrid materials and their characterization through different spectroscopies and transmission electron microscopy. Non-covalent nanohybrids can be obtained by sonicating both components together in THF. The interaction between both components leads to the wrapping of the polymer around the carbon nanotubes as well as the formation of polymer aggregates on the surface of the nanotubes. The effect of different parameters such as the polymer chain length are described. Covalent nanohybrids can be obtained using a specially designed copolymer bearing an aniline at the end of its side chain. Optical and Raman spectroscopies indicate a low level of functionalization, and suggest that the polymer chains are in a more disordered state compared to non-covalent nanohybrids. Preliminary studies show that the obtained copolymer can be used for functionalizing carbon nanotube based devices. Modification of electrical properties of the devices were small and compatible with the low functionalization degree, but the induced defects allow observation of a photocurrent
Broydé, Frédéric Jérôme. "Analyse des propriétés électromagnétiques des écrans cylindriques, et application à la caractérisation de l'efficacité de blindage des câbles." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-27-28.pdf.
Full textRojo, Amandine. "Etude de la structuration et du comportement de matériaux à base de gypse sous condition incendie." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880650.
Full textYe, Jing. "Utilisation de mesures de champs thermique et cinématique pour la reconstruction de sources de chaleur thermomécaniques par inversion de l’équation d’advection-diffusion 1D." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0027/document.
Full textThis work concerns the way intrinsic observables can be produced, which are related to the thermomechanical behavior of materials and necessary for better formulation of state laws. These observables are Thermomechanical Heat Sources (THS) which are activated through mechanical excitation. These sources can be reconstructed both in space and time by the inversion of measured temperature fields obtained through IR thermography. We develop two main methods in this work which rely on spectral reduced approaches (one of them being the decomposition on Branch Modes) and both on a sequential inversion (Beck’s method) and an iterative one (Conjugated Gradient). Regarding the latter, we suggest to combine the standard approach with an efficient regularization method which comes from the filtering techniques based on TSVD. As we are concerned with materials which can be subjected to plastic instabilities (High Density PolyEthylene) for which local velocities of matter displacement can be non negligible, the inversion of the measurements must be performed with the advection-diffusion operator of heat transfer. It is then necessary to obtained additional knowledge: the velocity field. This one is measured by 3D Digital Image Correlation and we detail the experimental work we have carried out, which are based on tensile tests monitored with video-extensometry. We show that for quasi-static tests at relatively high strain rates, the advective effects are generally negligible. We also show the richness of the information brought by this dual thermomechanical (heat sources) and kinematical (strain-rates, velocities) information. It allows for a better understanding of the plastic instability (necking) dynamics. Lastly, we criticize the obtained results on THS reconstruction by the confrontation between the two algorithms and by a physical analysis of the observed phenomena
Nguyen, Van dai. "Magnétorésistance de magnon reversement de l'aimantation et dynamique de parois dans FePt et NiFe nanostructures." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772893.
Full textBen, Aziza Zeineb. "Graphene based gas sensors : Fabrication, characterization, and study of gas molecules detection mechanism." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0102.
Full textIn this research, we report on a study of graphene based gas and humidity sensors. This study could be useful not only to improve the performance of graphene based sensors but also to better understand the interaction between graphene and gas molecules. This seems necessary to promote the applications of graphene as a promising material for gas sensing. Significant advances have been made to design and fabricate these sensors: the different electrical characterizations as well as other techniques used to analyze the mechanism controlling the detection of gas/vapor molecules. These tools have been set up to design and manufacture various sensor structures using different underlying substrates for graphene on one hand and chemical modification of graphene properties on the other hand. The characterization of these sensors under different environments was used to compare the different responses of the sensors and draw several conclusions about gas sensing mechanism. Indeed, Mica, a smooth and transparent substrate, was used as a supporting substrate for graphene. Doping induced to graphene by mica and its impact on graphene sensitivity to ammonia gas were studied. This has made it possible to highlight the fact that the substrate plays an important role for the detection of ammonia. In addition, these sensors made on mica and SiO2 were tested under a variety of temperatures and oxygen. In another approach, a polymer was used to dope graphene. A detailed study was realized about the behavior of water molecules on functionalized graphene. The obtained experimental results, reported for the first time, represent a good support for several theoretical studies already made and could be used to optimize the design of graphene based gas sensors
Yahya, Farouk. "Approche couplée discrète - continue adaptative pour la mise en forme des métaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0042.
Full textThe development of forming processes generally involves numerical simulation, particularly using the Finite Element Method, to detect, among other things, potential risks of cracking and their propagation, both in the forged piece and in the tooling.The classical Finite Element Method, as well as specific variants applied to crack modeling, have limitations when it comes to simulating multi-cracking problems due to material, geometric, and contact nonlinearities. The very nature of a crack – a discontinuity – is in opposition to the framework of Continuum Mechanics. On the other hand, the Discrete Element Method distinguishes itself by its ability to effectively handle discontinuities. It is used to model granular or brittle cohesive materials. However, this approach also has limitations, especially regarding the consideration of material nonlinearities and computation times, which may require significant computing resources to simulate complex problems.The objective of this thesis work was to develop a dynamic remeshing method that allowed transitioning between the two methods to leverage the advantages of both approaches. This objective was be achieved in three steps.Firstly, a non-overlapping coupling method based on the Lagrange multiplier method was developed. This method aimed at ensuring the compatibility of velocities between the discrete elements and finite elements subdomains to facilitate the communication of physical quantities between the two subdomains.Secondly, it was necessary to ensure the continuity of physical quantities within the same zone during its remeshing. This step was achieved by using polynomial interpolation of displacements. This approach allowed determining the fields within the discrete elements when the transition between a finite element subdomain and a discrete element subdomain took place. Test cases were set up to validate these two approaches.Finally, a method was developed to automate the management of coupling and field transfer operations. This approach involved the use of a remeshing technique that automatically generated discrete subdomains from the geometry of the entire finite elements to be replaced.The dynamic remeshing method implemented in this thesis work was applied to a Kalthoff test case and validated by comparing the crack propagation angle with experiments from the literature
Nasri, Nacer. "Étude thermique du comportement en régime transitoire d'une matrice poreuse soumise à un flux radiatif : application a la conversion thermique de l'énergie solaire." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10134.
Full textBurgarth, D. K. "Quantum state transfer with spin chains." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445333/.
Full textJawichian, Alex. "Effet d'un champ électrique ac non uniforme non intense sur un liquide diélectrique différentiellement chauffé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI068.
Full textIn this thesis, the concept of steady-state dielectrophoretic-induced convection in confined dielectric liquids, by means of non-uniform non-intense electric fields, is introduced and investigated. First, theoretical foundations of electrohydrodynamics are presented and a multiphysics coupling between fluids mechanics, heat transfers, and electrostatics is made evident. It is shown that a dielectrophoretic (DEP) torque arises at leading order provided that a non-uniform electric field is imposed. Thus, in microgravity conditions, the possibility of setting a dielectric liquid in motion, even with a modest electric field intensity, is shown to be finally conceivable in conductive regime as well as in boundary layer regime. In this work, steady ThermoElectroHydroDynamic (TEHD) convection is investigated for the case of a dielectric liquid confined in a differentially-heated square cavity, submitted to an electric potential gradient imposed from an electrode pair. Two electrode configurations, that generate the required non-uniform electric fields, are proposed: a partial planar electrode pair and a triangular electrode pair. Scaling analysis and a numerical study are developed in order to investigate dielectrophoretic-induced convective heat transfers. The scaling laws and the numerical results show that a significant enhancement of heat transfers is made possible from the use of a non-intense non-uniform electric field, with no need for giving rise to unstable regimes. An experimental approach is also considered, reintroducing gravity and buoyancy-driven convection. Silicon oil is confined in a cavity, formed in a Plexiglas block, and sealed by a pair of electrodes, one of them is connected to a high voltage AC amplifier while the other one is grounded. Both electrodes are kept at different but constant temperatures. By means of PIV imaging of fluorescent tracers, the velocity field in steady-state is measured and processed, and the effect of the imposed DEP torque on the whole flow is made evident. In comparison with numerical simulations, similar tendencies can be observed relative to each electrode configuration. Finally, the temperature is measured at different locations on the experimental bench for the configuration based on partial electrodes. In presence of gravity, heat transfer enhancement, expected from the application of a non-uniform electric field, is not particularly pronounced since the flow is dominated by thermal buoyancy
Neubrand, Anne Catherine. "Convection naturelle et ségrégation en solidification Bridgman sous champ magnétique." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0104.
Full textVIVONI-ASSICE, DANIELLE. "Influence d'un champ electrique continu sur le transfert de solvant en ultrafiltration." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30038.
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