Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transfert d'énergie par collision'
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García, Vázquez Ricardo Manuel. "Étude théorique de la relaxation vibrationnelle de l’eau par collisions avec quelques uns des constituants les plus abondants des atmosphères des étoiles évoluées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0441.
Full textThe existence of water molecules in space was confirmed in 1964 when the presence of spectral lines of water vapour was detected in the atmosphere of O-rich stars. Subsequently, water has been identified as a prevalent molecule across the universe. Rotational lines have now been observed in a variety of environments, including molecular clouds and star-forming regions. For many years, the astrophysical models used to model the physical conditions prevailing in these environments have only considered the water molecule rotation. However, studies of warmer environments, such as the envelopes and atmospheres of evolved stars, have led to the detection of vibrationally excited H2O molecules. Also, vibrational de-excitation rate coefficients for the collisions of H2O with the most abundant elements in the interstellar media, including H2, He, H and e− are needed to model these environments. Unfortunately, most of the currently available theoretical collisional data are limited to rotational transitions. Experimental studies suffer from the same limitation but offer the opportunity to validate the accuracy of the theoretical model employed. Furthermore, when the relevant astrophysical systems are too challenging to measure, experimentalists often turn to similar systems as a proxy for the systems of interest. The present work, in addition to providing new vibrational data, then also includes rotational (de)excitation studies of systems which are compared with available experimental data. This is the case of the rotational (de)excitation of H2O, HDO and D2O molecules by collisions with Ne. An excellent agreement between theory and a new recent experiment is obtained for the collisions of HDO with Ne validating the new PES developed for this system, which was then used to infer collisional propensity rules for these collisions. Similarly, as the differential cross section (DCS) offers the most detailed information about a collisional process, the collisions of H2O with Ne, Ar and Xe are also studied, and a very good agreement is obtained with the experimental results. The second main objective of this work is to study the collisional relaxation of vibrationally excited levels of water. The first systems to be studied using the Rigid Bender Close Coupling method (RBCC) were the bending relaxation of H2O by collision with Ar and of D2O by collision with He and Ar atoms. The subsequent comparison with experimental data allowed validating this approach. The last part of this manuscript is dedicated to the vibrational relaxation of H2O by collisions with the most abundant astrophysical collider, H2. The RBCC method is extended to include all the vibrational modes of H2O and the collisions with a linear molecule instead of an atom. A new code, called "Divitas," is developed allowing to perform both close coupling (CC) and coupled states (CS) calculations to study the rovibrational relaxation of triatomic molecules, such as H2O, in collision with linear molecules, such as H2. The new code is first employed to investigate the bending relaxation of H2O by collisions with H2 utilising the CC method and a new set of rate coefficients including ro-vibrational transitions is produced. Our global bending relaxation rate is in excellent agreement with the experimental value reported at 295 K. Nevertheless, the high computational cost of the CC method represents a significant obstacle to the study of more excited vibrational states. To circumvent this difficulty, the use of the CS approximation is first validated by comparison with the CC results. It is then subsequently employed to investigate the relaxation of the first bending overtone utilising a H2O basis set incorporating the first five vibrational states of the water molecule
Michaut, Xavier. "Influence de la relaxation collisionnelle sur les raies Raman purement rotationnelles de H2 perturbé par H2, He, Ar, N2 et H2O en vue du diagnostic optique de la température : comparaison avec les raies rovibrationnelles de la branche Q." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS048.
Full textZeitouni, Richard. "Contribution à l'étude de l'absorption d'énergie par mécanisme de déchirure des matériaux composites." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2021.
Full textRivière, Cécile. "Assemblage de céramiques par faisceau laser." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0135.
Full textCO2 and YAG lasers were used for welging SiO2 Al2O3 ceramic tubes with 60 wt% alumina content (mullite) and Al2O3 tubes with 95wt% alumina content. Investigations of thermal stresses, which must be minimized for crack free welding, show the necessity of preheating. One can preheat the whole workpiece or part of it using different preheating methods. The welding method which could fit the two ceramics was the use of two sub-beams (one is used for preheating) obtained from the division of a primary gaussian beam. The effects of welding parameters on the microstructure of the fusion zone have been studied. Prevention of weld defects including crack and porosity was also investigated. Strength of the weld joints is evaluated by a 4-point bend test and the effects of heterogeneity of ceramics have been taken into account by a Weibull analysis. From cathodoluminescence experiments, the radiative of the samples have been probed in the wavelength rang 250-900 nm. They have been related to the presence of defects as impurities, oxygen vacancies and device centers. At last, ceramics charging properties have been tackled by the use of an original method: the mirror method
Orefice, Giovanni. "Description par mobilités énergétiques des échanges vibratoires dans les systèmes couple." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0109.
Full textThe energetic mobility is defined: it links the active injected power in a frequency band at a given point on a structure to the squared velocity level at another point. On a single structure it can be used to add the contributions of several active power injection and obtain the frequency averaged squared velocity level at any point. On an assembly it allows predicting the local frequency averaged squared velocity level after coupling using those on the substructures before coupling. The energetic mobility between two uncoupled points is almost invariant after coupling the structure and the energetic mobility is asymptotically invariant if one adds a mass at the injection point. The concept of active power sources in a frequency band is also defined and declaimed. The energetic mean mobility approach (EMMA) allows one to make local energetic predictions using exclusively frequency band averaged quantities. Numeric tests of multipoint (rigid or elastic and dissipative) coupling of homogeneous and heterogeneous plates follow, with the study of the different errors of the method and with an experiment on plate and cylinder assemblies
THOMSEN, JAN. "Alignement et orientation dans les processus de transfert de charge induits par collision." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112099.
Full textMurillo, Miguel Angel. "Etude et modification du transfert d'énergie dans les plasmas induits par haute-fréquence." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10084.
Full textGori, Paul-Antoine. "Transmission dynamique d'énergie par induction : application au véhicule électrique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC063/document.
Full textThe limited electric-vehicle distance range is the main reason hindering the development of the electric transportation market. Dynamic inductive charging solves this problem, offering the possibility to charge while driving. The main issue consists in handling wide magnetic coupling variations when the vehicle is moving, while charging. A previous thesis in the research team on a 3-kW prototype led to the concept of voltage copying, which stabilises the coupler output voltage despite the varying coupling, making it easier to design the DC/DC converter linking the coupler to the battery. The hereby thesis deals with adapting this system to transfer from 20 kW to 30 kW. Raising the power is no small matter, due to the high electrical constraints on the coupled coils (1.4 kV on the 3-kW system), and the radiated field, limited by standardised thresholds. Firstly, a new control of the resonating circuit is proposed, allowing to change the system design to get lower electrical constraints and maintaining voltage copying properties. Then, an eight-shape coil was investigated in order to reduce the radiated field. Finally, a design method was conceived for the electrical part of the system, as well as the magnetic coupler, using jointly analytical models and finite element simulations to reduce simulation times. Results of the evaluated performance for such a high-power system are quite promising
Lacroix, David. "Etude spectroscopique des plasmas de soudage laser : application au transfert d'énergie." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0210_LACROIX.pdf.
Full textThe work presented here gives the characteristics of the laser induced-plasma plume created during laser welding. First, in the experimental part of the study, we have used the emission spectroscopy to determinate the electron temperature and the density of the plasma. Several tests have been achieved. We have estimated the influence of welding parameters such as : the laser power, the nature of the shielding gas, the pulse duration. These measurements have been achieved on stainless steel, but also on pure metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb). The emission spectroscopy is used to analyse the welding defects, in order to achieve real time control of the process. Experiments have shown that geometrical and chemical (grease) defectiveness can be detected. The second part of this work is devoted to the numerical model used to describe the laser-plasma interaction. Several models are presented. The calculation of the partition function of each element of the plasma plume allows the theoretical determination of the densities. Then we can estimate the optical properties of the plume (absorption coefficient and refractive index). Electron microscopy measurements of the plasma plume deposits show the presence of sma1l particles. Consequently, we apply the Mie's theory in arder to study the laser beam scattering in the plume. Finally, we model the radiative transfer in the plasma using a discrete ordinate scheme. The numerical results point out the major effect of the scattering on the temperature field in the plume. This model can be used in complement of those calculating the geometry of the weld seam
Cubaynes, Denis. "Étude des processus d'ionisation et de transferts collisionnels d'énergie dans des vapeurs alcalines et alcalino-terreuses excitées par rayonnements laser et synchrotron." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112252.
Full textThe combined use of electron spectrometry with synchrotron and laser radiations allowed us to study resonant photoionization (autoionization) of alkali and alkaline-earth atoms in the 16-35 eV photon energy range. These atoms were initially in their ground state or brought into some excited states via laser excitation. Ln addition, collisional energy transfer processes leading to the ionization of laser excited barium vapor were also analysed. Various channels are open for the relaxation of autoionizing states created by resonant excitation of a 5p inner electron in barium. We have been able to characterize a number of resonances belonging to various series, to measure the corresponding ionization threholds and to determine oscillation strength for discrete 5p excitation. The same analysis was performed on laser excited barium atoms in 6s5d 1,3D states. Similarities and differences in the behaviour of atoms in ground and excited states with respect to autoionization are pointed out. Through the observation of very low energy electrons emited in collisional processus between excited barium atoms, we have been able to measure their kinetic energy and to determine the full sequence of energy transfer processes leading to the ionization of the vapor (energy Pooling collisions, Penning ionization). Finally, we have demonstrated succesfully that it was possible to use more than one laser in connection with synchrotron radiation to populate, via stepwise laser excitation atoms in highly excited states, close the ionization limit, and to produce inner-shell excited autoionizing states. We have been able to measure the energies of a number of previously unknown autoionizing states in sodium and determine, on a relative scale, the oscillate strength of the various excited transitions
Mugnier, Jacques. "Conversion de fréquence et concentration de la lumière par fluorescence." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19041.
Full textMinel, Frédérique. "Transferts de masse et d'énergie en cuve agitée par microjets." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT011H.
Full textFaugeras, Isabelle. "Couplage inductif multi-antennes : application au transfert d'énergie et d'informations pour un dispositif d'identification radiofréquence." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-283.pdf.
Full textSchrive, Luc. "Traitement de suspensions biologiques complexes par champs électriques pulsés : Etude des mécanismes de transfert d'énergie." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20154.
Full textLanglois, Adam. "Mécanisme du transfert d'énergie dans les états excités de colorants d’oligopyrroles pontés par un truxene." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11246.
Full textLes transferts d’énergie entre les états excités de chromophores est un sujet d’intérêt dans le domaine des dispositifs photovoltaïques naturelles ou artificielles. En effet, le transfert d’énergie est un processus que l’on observe dans la nature au sein de tous les organismes phototrophes depuis les végétaux multicellulaires complexes jusqu’aux bactéries unicellulaires photosynthétiques. Par exemple, dans le cas des bactéries photosynthétiques pourpres, ces dernières utilisent un photosystème de deux protéines assemblées, la première étant appelé protéine collectrice de lumière 1 (LH1 pour light-harvesting protein 1) et la seconde appelé protéine collectrice de lumière 2 (LH2 pour light-harvesting protein 2) afin de capter suffisamment d’énergie lumineuse pour assurer leur survie. La protéine LH2 n’a pour vocation que d’absorber et de transmettre l’énergie lumineuse à la protéine LH1, qui contient une paire spéciale dans un centre réactionnel. Les transferts d’énergie sont des phénomènes essentiels à la survie des organismes. Un photon absorbé par une molécule de type bactériochlorophylle dans la protéine LH2 subira un transfert d’énergie efficace à d’autres bactériochlorophylles au sein de la même structure protéique. Les transferts d’énergie se dérouleront aussi bien entre différentes protéines LH2 qu’entre des protéines LH1 et LH2. Ces processus de transfert d’énergie servent à canaliser l’énergie lumineuse jusqu’au centre réactionnel qui devient à son tour excité par transfert d’énergie. Ces processus sont hautement efficaces et essentiels à la survie de l’organisme en question. En science des matériaux, la conception d'un assemblage donneur-accepteur, covalent ou non, qui présente un transfert d'énergie efficace est un sujet d'intérêt pour des applications en photovoltaïque et diodes émettrices de lumière. En utilisant les bactéries pourpres photosynthétiques comme modèle, des structures similaires étudiant différents colorants permettant d'absorber et de transmettre de l'énergie lumineuse à un squelette central (un processus appelé effet antenne) font l'objet de recherches actives. Le principe étant que l'utilisation de ces antennes permet d'absorber plus de lumière dans les régions du spectre électromagnétique qu’il serait impossible d’obtenir avec un seul colorant. La conséquence est que, pour que le processus fonctionne efficacement, le transfert d'énergie entre l'antenne et le squelette doit être rapide, et parfois contrôlé. Dans ce travail, nous étudierons les processus de transfert d'énergie entre des colorants oligopyrroliques reliés par un noyau truxène, qui montre une similarité structurale avec le graphène. L'objectif du travail est de mieux comprendre les processus de transfert d'énergie entre les chromophores. Nous montrerons dans notre travail que la présence d'un système conjugué entre le donneur et l'accepteur ouvre la porte à l’hypothèse de la présence d'un double processus de transfert d'énergie régi par les mécanismes Förster et Dexter. Nous démontrerons que l'utilisation de ce système conjugué conduit à un processus de transfert d'énergie très rapide malgré la distance importante séparant le donneur et l’accepteur. Nous démontrerons en outre que le processus, bien qu'il s'agisse d'un double processus, est dominé par le processus Dexter grâce au système conjugué reliant le donneur et l'accepteur qui fait office de pont communiquant. Les processus de transfert d'énergie rapides et efficaces suggèrent que, pour tirer pleinement parti de l'effet antenne dans des applications photovoltaïques, les designs devraient être basés sur l'utilisation de ponts conjugués reliant donneurs et accepteurs. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse est divisé en huit sections. Dans l'introduction, une brève description des chromophores utilisés tout au long du présent travail sera fournie avec des concepts généraux non-exhaustifs pour la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT) qui a été utilisé comme outil tout au long des travaux actuels pour démontrer un certain degré de couplage orbitalaire. Le chapitre 1, intitulé Les principes fondamentaux de la photophysique, proposera une introduction à la théorie nécessaire à la bonne compréhension des travaux présentés dans cette thèse. Le chapitre 2 est simplement intitulé Instrumentation et fournira une description des instruments utilisés tout au long des travaux. Au chapitre 3: « Maple™-Assisted Calculations of the J-integral: A Key Parameter for the Understanding of Excited State Energy Transfer in Porphyrins and other Chromophores », une description détaillée de l'intégrale J ainsi qu’un outil pour le calcul à partir de données spectrales seront exposés. L'étude des processus de transfert d'énergie entre les chromophores pontés par truxène commencera au chapitre 4: « Origin of the Temperature Dependence of the Rate of Singlet Energy Transfer in a Three-Component Truxene-bridged Dyads ». Dans ce chapitre, nous étudierons le transfert d'énergie entre un donneur de type zinc(II)-porphyrine et un ensemble d'accepteurs de porphyrine base libre. Des preuves circonstancielles indiquant que le processus de transfert d'énergie observé se produit à travers un double mécanisme qui peut être dominé par le mécanisme Dexter seront présentées. Le Chapitre 5: « Antenna Effect in Truxene-bridged BODIPY Triarylzinc(II)porphyrin Dyads: Evidence for a Dual Dexter-Förster Mechanism » présentera quant à lui l'étude des processus de transfert d'énergie entre un donneur BODIPY et deux accepteurs de type Zn-porphyrine. Dans ce chapitre, la comparaison du processus de transfert d'énergie à une dyade similaire qui contient un pont non-conjugué entre le donneur et l'accepteur sera effectuée et il sera démontré que la dyade ponté par truxène présente non seulement un taux plus rapide, mais que ce taux ne peut être expliqué que par un processus Dexter dominant. Au chapitre 6 : « Very Fast Singlet and Triplet Energy Transfers in a Tri-chromophoric Porphyrin Dyad Aided by the Truxene Platform », l'étude du transfert d'énergie entre une porphyrine de palladium(II) donneuse et une paire d'accepteurs de type zinc(II)-porphyrine pontés par un noyau de truxène sera montré. Ici, un processus de transfert d'énergie triplet très rapide est observé, ce qui prouve que le système conjugué favorise le processus Dexter et conduit à un transfert efficace d'énergie du donneur vers l'accepteur. Enfin, le chapitre 7 présentera le dernier travail inclus dans cette thèse. Le chapitre 7 est intitulé « Excited State N-H Tautomer Selectivity in the Singlet Energy Transfer in a Zinc(II)Porphyrin-Truxene-Corrole Assembly » et exposera une dernière fois un processus de transfert d'énergie très rapide et efficace. Dans ce travail, le transfert d'énergie se produit entre un donneur de type Zn-porphyrine et une corrole base libre acceptrice. Le processus de transfert d'énergie rapide présente une constante de vitesse qui se situe dans le même ordre de grandeur que ceux présentés dans les chapitres précédents, ce qui suggère que le processus se produit par le biais du même double mécanisme dominé par Dexter. Il est intéressant de noter que, dans ce dernier cas, le processus de transfert d'énergie s'est révélé sélectif sur l'une des deux espèces tautomériques du corrole. Ceci a mené à une étude sur les taux de tautomérisation de l'état excité de la corrole base libre conduisant à la premier mesure expérimentale du taux de tautomérisation de la corrole base libre. Cette thèse s’achèvera par une discussion générale sur les travaux présentés dans ces pages ainsi que sur l'impact que les résultats ont eus dans communauté scientifique dans ce domaine.
Hamyeh, Sobhi. "Étude de transfert d’énergie par des excitations de surface." Thesis, Troyes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TROY0013.
Full textThe size of electronic components has recently been reduced to a few tens of nanometers. This perpetual decrease in the size of modern electronic components and the increase in their operating speeds and frequencies inevitably leads to hot spots, which are hazards leading to system failure if left for long periods of time. The first objective of this thesis is to optimize efficient and practical techniques for heat dissipation from electronic nano-components. The second objective of this thesis is to provide ways to control the energy flow in order to meet these scientific and industrial needs.We study the transport by surface phonon-polariton (PhPS), which are electromagnetic surface waves resulting from the coupling between an electric field in the mid-infrared and optical phonons in a polar material. We also study the transport mechanisms by a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined in a quantum well formed at hetero-interfaces. We demonstrate that the excitation of PhPS modes in polar layers a few nanometers thick deposited on conventional semiconductors can improve the energy flow considerably, and consequently dissipate the heat accumulated in nano-components. We also demonstrate that the stain field in the AlN layer plays a critical role in governing the transport properties of the two-dimensional electron gas confined in the AlN/ GaN quantum well
Changenet, Christophe. "Modélisation du comportement thermique des transmissions par engrenages." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAL0047.
Full textThe objective of the work presented here is to elaborate a numerical model which can predict the thenmal behaviour and the efficiency of power gearing transmission. The thenmal networks method has been used. This method consists in dividing the geared unit into isothenmal elements and connecting these elements by thenmal resistances which depend on the kind of heat transfer encountered (conduction, convection, radiation). Seme elements of the network represent heat sources and the heat generated is linked to power losses which occur in a gearing transmission. The following sources of power lasses are laken into account : friction due to the meshing c gear teeth, lasses in bearings, friction in shaft seals and in gearbox synchronizer sets, losses due to cil churning. As far as cil churning lasses are concerned, a specifie test rig has been used to study this dissipation source and seme original fonmulations are proposed to quantify the heat generated. The originality of the model thal has been developed lies in the nodal decomposition : each element is considered as having a basic shape. Then classical correlations are used to quantify heat transfers, and it allows to simulate the thermal behaviour of any geared unit. A computational program has been designed in order to solve simultaneously power lasses and thermal calculations. Steady-state and transient problems can be solved. Seme measurements have been carried out with Iwo different power trains transmissions : a manual six-speed gearbox and an industrial gear unit. The results of these experiments show thal the numerical model allows to predict with a good accuracy the thermal behaviour and the efficiency
Chouahda, Zohra. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de l'échauffement induit par une excitation optique des ions erbium trivalents dilués dans des matériaux cristallins transparents de la famille des fluorures." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000730.pdf.
Full textThe study of the green photoluminescence from Er3+ ions incorporated in strontium and cadmium mixed fluorides was undertaken as a function of the exciting power, in order to know the heating within the crystal and consequently its use as temperature sensor. The determination of the heat induced by the laser beam is based on the calculation of the green fluorescence intensities ratio (FIR) coming from the two thermalized levels 2H11/2, 4S3/2. As these two levels are very close, their electronic populations can be considered in thermodynamic equilibrium and then they verify the Boltzmann’s law which we apply to determine the temperature. The erbium green emission is obtained by exciting the erbium ions around 652 nm on the transition 4I15/2 → 4F9/2 by means of a red tunable dye laser. One part of absorbed energy is converted into heat, the other part generates two Stokes infrared emissions corresponding to the transitions : 4I13/2 → 4 I15/2 and 4I11/2 → 4I15/2, a Stokes red emission corresponding to the transition 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 and a anti-Stokes green emission corresponding to 2H11/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition. We choose to work with two couples of lines [4S3/2(1), 2H11/2] and [4S3/2 (2), 2H11/2] to have two measurements simultaneously. The FIR variation according to the exiting power shows that the rise in temperature is not negligible for power higher than 20 mW; it reaches 130 °C when the power is 350 mW. The time-dependence of the temperature offers a fast increase and attains a constant value of 130°C during one minute approximately. The two couples of lines lead nearly to the same dependence, this confirms our results A direct method, without contact, by infra-red thermography was undertaken, using a AGEMA 880 LW 8-12μm camera
Glavatskaya, Olga. "Conversion d’énergie thermique en énergie électrique par les modules thermoélectriques en vue de réduire la consommation et les émissions polluantes." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2028.
Full textNowadays, there is renewed interest of car manufacturers in the conversion of the wasted energy to increase the fuel efficiency of vehicle and the CO2 emissions. In this context, among several methods, direct conversion of exhaust heat to electricity by thermoelectric generator seems to be a credible option for the vehicle. This thesis work involves the analysis of thermoelectric generator integrated into the vehicle. A numerical model of a thermoelectric generator able to support transient analysis is developed. This dynamic model can be coupled with coolant circuit model, exhaust system model and electric network model of the vehicle. Thus, we studied the energy interaction between all these subsystems. A developed numerical model complies with the bond-graph modeling principle applied to multi-physical systems. The transient modelling enabled us to predict the thermoelectric system performance for the different drive cycles of the vehicle. Furthermore, optimization study of the design of the thermoelectric generator was carried out. The optimal geometry of device was justified by the exergy analysis in order to quantify the wastes and destructions of exergy within a thermoelectric system. Moreover, the frequency analysis approach was applied to capture the transient performance of a thermoelectric generator
Bouchet, Dorian. "Transfert d'énergie engendré par plasmon et imagerie de super-résolution en champ proche de milieux nano-structurés." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET026/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we perform experimental measurements and data modelling to investigate spontaneous emission of fluorescent emitters in nanostructured environments. The manuscript is organised into two main parts.In the first part, we study micrometre-range energy transfer between fluorescent emitters in plasmonic environments. First of all, we characterise plasmon-mediated energy transfer between ensembles of fluorescent emitters located in the near field of a silver film. We thus determine the distance dependence of the energy transfer rate over micrometre distances. We then couple a single quantum dot and a fluorescent nanobead to a silver nanowire and we study evidences of the energy transfer between the two emitters, separated by several micrometres. We notably demonstrate a correlated blinking of the two emitters through the study of the correlation function of their fluorescence intensity.In the second part, we probe sub-wavelength spatial variations of the local density of electromagnetic states induced by nanostructured environments by means of different super-resolution microscopy techniques. To start with, we perform a three-dimensional study of the near-field interaction between a fluorescent nanobead and different silicon nanoantennas using a scanning-probe microscope. We then introduce a stochastic technique to experimentally determine the position and the fluorescence decay rate of single photo-activated molecules, with a localisation precision of the order of 10 nm. Finally, we use the Fisher information to estimate lower bounds on the standard errors on position and decay rate estimates performed in the context of single-molecule microscopy
Zeng, Huabin. "Etude des panneaux sandwich à âme cellulaire à gradient de propriété sous sollicitation dynamique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066552.
Full textMehnaoui, Mohamed. "Synthèse et caractérisation structurale des matrices cristallines apatitiques de phosphates et de vanadates Ca10-xPbx(XO4)6Y2(X=P, V) (Y=OH, Cl, I) : étude du piégeage du métal lourd Pb2+ par photoluminescence en temps résolu." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10005.
Full textSenter, Julien. "Analyses expérimentale et numérique des écoulements et des transferts de chaleur convectifs produit par un jet plan impactant une plaque plane mobile." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2099.
Full textThis work describes the flow field of a confined slot jet impinging on a moving surface from PIV measurements. For this purpose, an experimental facility was built. In this study, the nozzle-to-plate spacing H is eight slot nozzle widths e and the Reynolds number range is between 480 and 11700. The measurements of the flow field enable to establish a global behaviour of the jet according to the surface-to-jet velocity ratio RSJ. In addition, it appears that the topological changes of the flow field induced by the surface motion, would undeniably led to significant modifications of the local convective heat transfer distribution. Thereafter, a study with an inclined configuration of the confined slot jet impinging on a moving surface is realized. This aims to enhance the convective heat transfer of the impingement plate. Finally, a numerical simulation from a modified k-ε turbulence model is performed and validated with some of the experimental cases
Lahmidi, Hicham. "Stockage d'énergie solaire par procédé à sorption solide-gaz : application au chauffage et à la climatisation." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0577.
Full textThe increase of the use of solar energy closely depends on the development of efficient storage processes. In this objective, solid-gas sorption processes are promising because of their high storage capacity and their specific working mode. In this thesis, the integration of a sorption process based on the use of bromide strontium as the reactant and water as the refrigerant fluid is investigated. Combined with flat plate solar collectors and direct floor heating and cooling, it makes it possible to provide a heating but also a cooling storage function. Experimental tests demonstrate the good adequacy of this process to the level of temperature involved in the solar system. The simple model presented allows a fairly good global representation of the coupling phenomena between heat and mass transfer in the reactant. Further use of this model will allow the optimization of the design of the solid-gas reactor according to a power criterion
Sjakste, Jelena. "Etude par propagation de paquets d'ondes de la dynamique du transfert électronique entre un atome et une surface métallique." Paris 11, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008743.
Full textThis PhD thesis is a theoretical and numerical study of the resonant charge transfer (RCT) process during a collision between an atom (ion) and a metal surface. The RCT corresponds to the transfer of an electron from the atom to the metal without an energy change. We study the RCT in systems with several localised states. These states can be localised on the projectile, or they can be localised on the projectile and an impurity of the surface. Special attention is paid to the projectile motion induced transitions between different states of the system. The Wave Packet Propagation Method, which consists in on the grid solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, is used in this work. First, we study the local perturbation of the RCT between a projectile (H- ion) and a metal surface (Al or Cu(111)), induced by the presence on an alkali adsorbate (Li or Cs). Special attention is paid to the 3-body character of the RCT (the electron interacts with the projectile, the adsorbate and the substrate). The results for Cu(111), which has a projected band gap in the direction normal to the surface, are very different from the results for Al, which is a free-electron metal. Second, we study the RCT between Rydberg atoms (Xe) and a metal surface, in an external electric field. The collision-induced transitions between different states of the projectile strongly affect the RCT. Our results allow to understand the recent experimental results (group of F. B. Dunning, Houston, USA). This work shows the importance of an explicit study of the dynamics of RCT
Lerond, Thomas. "Etude des interactions nanoparticules métalliques-émetteurs quantiques." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0030/document.
Full textIn an industrial world where one of the most important issues is miniaturization the next step is to master nanometric scale. Optical nanosources, which are based on a strong light confinment, should allow to supply the next nanophotonic devices. Since Purcell demonstrate that light emission properties are not inhérent to optical emitters, scientists search to understand and control these properties. Metallic nanoparticles or nanostructures allow to modify these luminescence properties by changing emission and excitation rates or redirect the emitted light.In this study, we focus on this coupling with simple structures made from nanoparticles and quantum emitters in order to discriminate the effect of this coupling at different distances between metal and emitter. We observe three different processes: a strong quenching of the luminescence at the viscinity of the metal, an enhancement at longer distances, and an excitation enhancement. Then we show that it is possible to use this amplified excitation to obtain multiphoton absorption. Finally, we prospect a new way for future works: using aluminium plasmonic properties in UV to search on UV nanosources
Harari, Stéphanie. "Contrôle modal semi-actif et actif à faible consommation énergétique par composants piézoélectriques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443734.
Full textNomenyo, Komla Dunyo. "Photonique UV : structuration top-down du ZnO pour une émission amplifiée et un transfert d'énergie efficace." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0023/document.
Full textThis work was conducted in the framework of the MATISSE project supported by the CPER-FEDER. Coordinated by UTT and including two other partners: Nanovation and URCA, the main project objective was the growth of high quality ZnO thin films and their valorization.ZnO is a wide band gap semiconductor with excellent optical properties. Its exciton binding energy (60meV) is one of the most important characteristics that earned to ZnO more attention despite its physical etching which is difficult to perform. Indeed, the excitonic emission of ZnO occurs approximately at 375nm, which involves the use of small structures whose achievement leads to the use of nanotechnology.Three scientific objectives were pursued: improving the extraction of the excitonic emission in ZnO thin films by engineering the photonic band gap by using photonic crystals, laser emission and control and finally, energy transfer from ZnO to QDots used as phosphors for down conversion of the UV emission to white emission. To achieve this, two technologies were used: PLD growth (Nanovation) and top-down structuring approach neglected by the scientific community.The thesis mainly deals with the structuring by electron beam lithography combined with ICP - RIE and related scientific studies. Conclusive results have been obtained such as high optical gain (>1000 cm-1) and low optical losses (<10 cm-1). We also carried out first optoelectronic components: MIS laser and MSM photodetector
Garcia, Rosales Genoveva. "Effet de la température sur la rétention de U(VI) par SrTiO3." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112267.
Full textThe purpose of this research was the study of the interaction mechanisms between U(VI) ions and SrTiO3 surfaces versus pH and temperature: 25, 50, 75 and 90°C. Firstly, a physicochemical characterization was realized (DRX, MEB, FTIR) and the surface site density was determined. The potentiometric titration data were simulated, for each temperature, using the constant capacitance model and taking into account both protonation of the Sr-OH surface sites and deprotonation of the Ti-OH ones (one pKa model). Both enthalpy and entropy changes, corresponding to the surface acid-base reactions, were evaluated using the van’t Hoff relation. U(VI) was sorbed onto SrTiO3 powder in the pH range 0. 5-5. 0 with an U(VI) initial concentration 1•10-4 M. By TRLIFS two U(VI) complexes were detected associated with two lifetime values (60 ± 5 and 12 ± 2 microseconds at 25°C). The sorption edges were simulated using FITEQL 4. 0 software. The surface complexation constants of the system SrTiO3/U(VI) between 25 and 90°C temperature range were thus obtained with the constant capacitance model considering two reactive surface sites. It reveals that two types of surface complex are needed to properly describe the experimental observations. By application of the van’t Hoff equation, ΔH° et ΔS° were obtained, which indicated an endothermic sorption process. Finally, an energy transfer study was realised by TRLIFS. The energy transfer between Tb3+and Eu3+ ions sorbed onto SrTiO3 powders were investigated. The results showed that the energy transfer between Tb3+ and Eu3+ is a non-radiative process and follows a dipole-dipole type interaction. A formalism based on the Dexter and the Inokuti-Hirayama theories was used to calculate the distances (2,7–3,4 Å) between Tb3+and Eu3+onto SrTiO3 surface
Jarnac, Amélie. "Filamentation d'impulsions laser ultra-courtes dans l'air et dans l'eau : étude des processus de transfert d'énergie." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01101002/document.
Full textWith the development of ultrashort lasers, pulses with peak power in the gigawatt level are easily obtained. In this intensity range, the propagation is no longer linear. Due to the Kerr effect, the beam self-focuses and tends to collapse until the intensity is high enough to ionize the medium, an effect that defocuses the beam. A dynamic competition takes place between Kerr effect, ionization and diffraction, resulting in a spectacular reshaping of the beam in an intense core propagating over many Rayleigh lengths. During this phenomenon, called laser filamentation, a thin and weakly ionized plasma channel is left in the trail of the pulse. This propagation mode strongly affects the pulse and the medium where it happens. Through several collaborations, I focus this work on experimental studies of the impact of the filamentary propagation in gases and liquids. I thus mapped the spatio-temporal distortions of the pulse during its propagation in water and identified their signatures in the spatial, spectral and energetic domain. I then characterized the energy losses in water and the shock wave generated by the plasma relaxation in different power ranges and focalisation geometries, for the generation of acoustic waves by femtosecond laser pulses. On the other hand, I studied the plasma generated at the intersection of two crossing filaments in molecular and atomic gases. I demonstrated that its spatial properties and transient behaviour can spatially and temporally filter a laser pulse, and could potentially offer a new alternative to generate femtosecond laser pulses with a high contrast and good quality beam profile. Finally I characterized the compression of high energy femtosecond pulses with a planar hollow waveguide and demonstrated that the time compressed pulses can be used to generate high order harmonics, and in general for high field physics
Maunier, Cédric. "Pertes optiques et émission laser de matériaux dopés Nd3+ pour applications diverses, amplificateurs, autodoubleurs de fréquence, minilasers pompés par diodes." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2032.
Full textSJAKSTE, Jelena. "Etude par propagation de paquets d'ondes de la dynamique du transfert électronique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008743.
Full textOrtega, Del Rosario Maria de los Ángeles. "Système de stockage et transfert d'énergie par chaleur latente adaptable au rafraîchissement d’air en bâtiments : conception et analyse thermique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0197/document.
Full textThe present work aims to design and study an air-PCM heat exchanger unit as a passive solution for thermal comfort assessment in buildings during summertime, providing tools to ease the design and building integration. The PCM present a large storage capacity per volume unit where by, they can contribute to the reduction of the energy consumption related to cooling applications. Although, theyshow some drawbacks, as a low thermal conductivity in commercial PCM, so a wellthought design of these kind of systems is necessary to achieve adequate thermal performances.The first part of this thesis surveys the existing systems through a literature review,highlighting the geometry relation with the physics and thermal performance. This search provided the bases for the development of an air-PCM unit design, following a problem-solving methodology developed by the I2M laboratory. A keyword matrix was obtained from the physical phenomena and functional analysis of the unit. From this matrix, the patents analysis provided inspiration for the design resulting in a tubebundle air-PCM heat exchanger with vertical tubes aligned perpendicular to the airflow.The development of design and integration in buildings tools was sought through a modeling that can accurately predict the thermal performance of the system.Simplified models are preferred for this task. Nevertheless, they can under predict the actual performance if the physical phenomena involved is not properly accounted. Then, local and global experimental approaches were used to achieve anunderstanding of the physics associated with charging and discharging cycles in theunit. For this, a test bench was installed, measuring temperature and airflow underdifferent in let conditions, accompanied by a visual tracking through digital images.Image and data processing were used to obtain thermal performance indicators and equivalent correlations using known dimensionless numbers for convective conductive heat transfer mechanisms in the PCM.These findings allowed the development of thermal models based on energy balances, that accounted the complexity of phenomena involved in the unit for performance prediction. Finally, the thermal performance of the system was tested intwo buildings applications: as a mobile unit in a PEH house in Gradignan and as anactive façade in a building in Talence
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar y estudiar una unidad intercambiador de calor aire-PCM como presentan una solución pasiva al conforttérmico en edificios durante el verano, proporcionando herramientas para facilitar el diseño y la integración en edificios. Los PCM una gran capacidad de almacenamiento por unidad de volumen, por lo que pueden contribuir a la reducción del consumo de energía relacionado con las aplicaciones de refrigeración. Estos materiales presentan algunos inconvenientes en cual su uso, como una baja conductividad térmica, típica en PCM comerciales, por lo es necesario un diseño que tome en cuenta esta problemática para lograr rendimientos térmicos adecuados. La primera parte de esta tesis examina los sistemas existentes a través de unarevisión de la literatura, destacando la relación de geometría con los fenómenos físicos y el rendimiento térmico. Esta búsqueda proporcionó las bases para el desarrollo de un diseño de unidad aire-PCM, siguiendo una metodología de resolución de problemas desarrollada por el laboratorio I2M. Se obtuvo una matrizde palabras clave a partir de los fenómenos físicos y el análisis funcional de launidad. A partir de esta matriz, el análisis de patentes proporcionó inspiración para el diseño que dio como resultado un intercambiador de calor PCM de aire y haz detubos verticales alineados perpendicularmente al flujo de aire.El desarrollo del diseño y la integración en herramientas de edificios se buscó através de un modelo que pudiese predecir con precisión el rendimiento térmico delsistema. Los modelos simplificados son los preferidos para esta tarea. Sin embargo,su poder de predicción puede verse afectada si los fenómenos físicos involucradosno se contabilizan adecuadamente. Es por ello que se utilizaron enfoques experimentales locales y globales para lograr una comprensión de la física asociadacon los ciclos de carga y descarga en la unidad. Se realizó una instalación de unbanco de pruebas, que permitió mediciones de temperatura y flujo de aire en diferentes condiciones de entrada, acompañado de un seguimiento visual a travésde imágenes digitales. El procesamiento de imágenes y datos se utilizó para obtener indicadores de rendimiento térmico y correlaciones a partir de números adimensionales relacionados con mecanismos de transferencia de calor porconvección y conducción en el PCM.Estos hallazgos permitieron el desarrollo de modelos térmicos para la predicción delrendimiento, basados en balances de energía de cada volumen de control.Finalmente, el rendimiento térmico del sistema se probó en dos aplicaciones deedificios: como una unidad móvil en una casa PEH en Gradignan y dentro de una oficina del laboratorio I2M
Laporte, Caroline. "Étude du transfert d'énergie d'une onde à un plasma : application aux décharges basse pression créées par onde de surface." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112043.
Full textNeuburger, Laure-Marie. "Développement de dosages immunologiques par fluorescence : Perspectives pour l’élaboration d’un capteur en flux des agents de la menace." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://pastel.paristech.org/4770/01/These-Neuburger_LM.pdf.
Full textThis thesis was devoted to the design of fluorescence immunoassays aiming at the detection of biological warfare agents. We developed a new concept of competitive immunoassay for continuous flow detection involving a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). This procedure is based on the use of an heterotrifunctional reagent (tripod) bearing i) a fluorophore donor (D), ii) a molecule structurally close to the target and iii) a linker to the solid phase. The binding of an anti-target antibody labeled with an acceptor molecule (A) on the tripod generates the decrease of the donor emission via the FRET phenomenon (quenching). The presence of the target competiting with the tripod for the binding to the antibody leads to an increase of the fluorescence signal. The solid phase can be easily further reactivated by adding the labeled antibody. This method was evaluated in microtiter plates using small molecules (substance P, atrazine, aflatoxine) and larger proteins (β-lactoglobuline, botulinum toxin, ricin). Spectral properties of the dyes, A/D ratio and A-D distance were demonstrated to have largely influenced FRET efficiency and hereby the sensitivity of the assay. The sensitivity also strongly depends on the binding characteristics of the antibody. The main difficulty lies on the relative affinity characteristics of the antibody towards the tripod and the analyte, since the antibody should exhibit ideally a strong affinity for the tripod and even stronger affinity for the analyte. Assays performed in glass microcells using a CCD camera and a fluorescence microscope allowed continuous-flow detection and are promising for the build-up of a biosensor. We also present a simple method for performing rapid assays in microtiter plates thanks to the difference in fluorescence signal observed between free and immobilized dyes which proved to be efficient for the design of a simultaneous multiplexed immunoassay
Ben-Abdallah, Philippe. "Transferts de chaleur par rayonnement dans les matériaux composites micro et nanostructurés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289689.
Full textLes développements réalisés ces dernières années dans le domaine des nanotechnologies autorisent désormais la structuration de la matière à une échelle sub-longueur d'onde jusque dans le domaine visible ce qui permet de sculpter à macro échelle les propriétés radiatives des matériaux composites et de contrôler les échanges radiatifs en champ proche dans ces milieux..
La première partie de mon HDR portera sur les transferts radiatifs dans les matériaux nanocomposites à gradient de permittivité diélectrique dans l'approximation de l'optique géométrique. Des avancées spectaculaires ont récemment été faites sur ce sujet grâce aux progrès technologiques réalisés dans le domaine de la nanofabrication. Il est désormais possible de concevoir des matériaux composites complexes pour générer artificiellement une variation spatiale de la permittivité diélectrique et de la perméabilité magnétique . Nous montrerons que cette structuration permet de modeler les trajets optiques et de contrôler le flot d'énergie radiative dans ces milieux. Nous verrons qu'il existe une analogie forte entre la théorie de la relativité générale et l'électrodynamique classique dans un nanocomposite à gradient de permittivité diélectrique (i.e. la lumière expérimente la matière comme un champ gravitationnel effectif). Nous montrerons comment le transfert radiatif peut-être modélisé dans ces milieux, quels sont les effets induits par la courbure de l'espace temps sur le champ de luminance, sur l'absorption, le processus diffusion et le champ de température. Nous verrons en particulier que la courbure de l'espace temps permet dans certaines conditions d'amplifier la luminance monochromatique directionnelle dans un milieu absorbant. Enfin, nous montrerons que ces matériaux permettent de concevoir des sources thermiques cohérentes en champ lointain.
Dans une seconde partie nous nous intéresserons aux propriétés de cohérence du champ rayonné par des matériaux stratifiés micro et nanostructurés et à la mise au point de sources thermiques cohérentes à partir de ces matériaux. Nous commencerons par décrire le comportement émissif en champ lointain des films fins et montrerons que ces milieux peuvent se comporter comme des antennes thermiques. Nous verrons ensuite comment les structures composites planes peuvent servir à mettre au point des sources thermiques à haut de degré de cohérence spectrale simultanément pour les deux états de polarisation du champ électromagnétique. Enfin, nous montrerons qu'il est possible, pour concevoir une source thermique cohérente, d'abandonner la démarche heuristique usuelle basée sur une approche de type essai-erreur au profit d'une démarche ab-initio plus rationnelle.
Dans la troisième et dernière partie de ce mémoire nous présenterons nos travaux sur les transferts de chaleurs en champ proche dans les matériaux composites. Une fois de plus, on commencera par décrire le comportement des films minces. Nous verrons que lorsqu'un film supporte des ondes de surface, l'hybridation de ces modes de part et d'autre du film lui confère un comportement radicalement différent de celui des matériaux massifs. On étudiera ensuite les transferts de chaleur par interactions d'ondes de surface dans des réseaux de nanoparticules immergés dans des matrices diélectrique solides. Nous montrerons que lorsque les nanoparticules sont séparées par des distances plus grandes que leur diamètre, chaque particule peut-être considérée comme un simple dipôle en interaction avec ces voisins. Dans ce cas, nous verrons que le transfert de chaleur par interaction des polaritons de surface à travers le réseau est négligeable. En revanche, nous montrerons qu'à courtes distances de séparation (typiquement pour des distances inférieures au diamètre des particules) les interactions multipolaires peuvent devenir très importantes et augmenter significativement le transfert de chaleur. Enfin, nous étudierons le transport de chaleur dans les réseaux monodimensionnels en régime balistique et en régime diffusif .
Poulenat, Gaëlle. "Études des réactions de transfert et d'échange en réacteur batch agité et en réacteur hydrothermal chauffé par induction thermique : cas d'études de la réaction de saponification de l'huile de tournesol fortement oléique et de la réaction de double décomposition pour l'obtention des sels d'acides carboxyliques lipophiles." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT016G.
Full textThe conversion of a specific substrate, such as high oleic sunflower oil, in alkaline water-soluble salt, then in metallic water-insoluble salt is obtained by O-metal bond breaking and formation. This conversion is driven at the same time by mass and energy transfer reactions and by cation exchanges. Analytic tools such as infrared spectroscopy or molecular modeling are useful to define the carboxylate group structure and the O-metal bond in function of the lipophilic metallic salt cation. These spectroscopic data associated to physico-chemical (CMC) and thermodynamic (ionization and/or dissociation heats and constants. . . ) parameters permit to followed saponification and exchange reactions with a physico-chemical and a kinetic approach. Saponification reaction is a succession of complex media that keep developing. It can not be generalized. Cation exchange reaction study underlines the importance of mass and cation transfers that are necessary to the obtaining of metallic water-insoluble salts. Moreover, the inorganic salt effects on exchange reactions are approached by highlighting their salting-out and anti-lather effects on the media. These studies permit to settle two reactors : a stirred batch reactor and a hydrothermal reactor heated by thermal induction. The last one is more suitable for electrolytic media such as saponification and exchange ones
Steenkeste, Karine. "Etude de différents mécanismes d'oxydation de l'ADN par spectroscopie rapide." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112082.
Full textInternal or external factors (drugs, UV-visible radiation) may induce mutations and even cell death and thus result in damage or loss of genetic information. DNA oxidation is one of the main damages; it may occur either locally or at a distance via charge or proton or energy transfer along DNA according to mechanisms not yet understood. The aim of this thesis was to study the primary steps (from femtoseconds to microseconds) of different DNA oxidation processes. Several compounds interacting with nucleic bases (camptothecin, MABAP) or derivatives of these bases (2-chloropyrimidine), all of which liable to therapy application, have been investigated using different techniques of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The formation of a stacking complex between camptothecin and guanines has been shown in this work to be prerequisite for drug activity; the observed photon-enhanced activity of the drug can be explained by a charge transfer process from the camptothecin triplet giving rise to the guanine radical cation. MABAP, a DNA-bis intercalating bichromophoric drug, able to intercalate between the GC base pairs in DNA, has been used as a nanoprobe of charge and/or energy transfer in DNA: a local femtosecond guanine oxidation process has been evidenced as well as an exchange -through energy transfer- between both chromophores of MABAP intercalated between GC base pairs. Preliminary femtosecond time resolved investigations of 2-chloropyrimidine have allowed to lay down the foundations of the study of the hydroxylation mechanism of DNA bases
Abderrahmane, Benfedda. "Modélisation et simulation en dynamique d'un séparateur de pompe à chaleur à absorption : cas d'apport d'énergie par un bruleur à gaz." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT002G.
Full textQiu, Xue. "Transfert d'énergie par résonance de type Förster pour les diagnostics multiplexés des récepteurs du facteur de croissance épidermique et microARNs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS153/document.
Full textThe new mission of clinical diagnostics and therapeutics, especially in point-of-care testing and precision medicine, has led to an increasing demand for multiplex and high throughput analyses of large numbers of biomolecules within a single sample. The thesis focuses on developing multiplexed biosensors based on time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer from lanthanide complexes to organic dyes or quantum dots. I present several new techniques to simultaneously and multiplexed detect cancer related protein biomarkers (human epidermal growth factor receptor) or microRNAs (hsa- miR-20a-5p, hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-21-5p) with very low limits of detections. I have used different strategies to achieve multiplexed detections such as spectral multiplexed detection based on different emission spectra of different luminophores, and temporal multiplexed detection based on distinguishable excited-state lifetimes of luminophores. The work is not only an applied research that can be used in clinical diagnostics but also a fundamental research of time-resolved FRET, which opens a new dimension of detection and greatly increases the number of biomarkers that can be detected
Perrin, Marie-Yvonne. "Transferts collisionnels entre niveaux rovibrationnels de CH₄et CD₄ : détermination expérimentale par une méthode photoacoustique : élaboration d'un modèle théorique semi-classique." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112019.
Full textThe present thesis is related to the vibrational relaxation in the gas phase of CH₄, CD₄ and their mixtures with a monoatomic gas (He, Ne, Ar). The experimental study uses a non-resonant photoacoustic technique in the 140-376 K temperature range. The CH₄ (or CD₄) molecules are excited up to the vibrational level ν₄ or ν₃ by a modulated infrared beam. A rigorous kinetic model is established. The rate constants for the different collisional transfers are deduced from the measurement of the phase shift between the radiative excitation and the microphone signal. The experimental results suggest an important participation of rotation to the vibrational transfer. To interpret these results a theoretical calculation is carried out in the framework of the semi-classical coupled-states approximation using asymptotic expressions of (3j) symbols and a first order perturbation treatment. This model takes intermolecular potential angular dependence and simultaneous rotational transitions into account. The cross sections Gν₂,ji → 0,jg et Gν₄,ji →0,jg are calculated for CH₄-monoatomic and CD₄-monoatomic. We observe a strong influence of rotational energy transfers on the vibrational transfer. The agreement between experimental and theoretical V→TR rate constants is excellent when the collision partner is Ar ; it is less satisfactory for other partners for· which the intermolecular potentials remain less reliable
Angilella, Jean-Régis. "Étude asymptotique et numérique de la modification de la turbulence par des particules inertielles." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT124H.
Full textMEZDARI, Ferid. "Fragmentation d'agrégats de carbone (multi) chargés formés par ionisation et excitation en collision de haute vitesse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010075.
Full textZoghaib, Maria. "Étude et simulation de méthodes de refroidissement des bandes d'acier défilantes." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0032.
Full textThe main scope of this dissertation is to ameliorate the cooling process of the steel strips in continuous annealing and galvanizing lines. Cooling in continuous annealing and galvanizing lines is of great metallurgical interest. Insufficient cooling capacity can result in inadequate steel grades. Cooling by impinging gas jets over the steel surface is first investigated. The heat transfer rates of this process are limited on one side by the blowing device power consumption and on the other by the occurring non stationary phenomena for high impingement velocities. On one side, the blowing device configuration and blown gas properties are analyzed in order to increase the cooling rates while keeping the power consumption at its lowest. The study is undertaken throughout literature, experimental measurements, and numerical results. An optimized configuration is defined. On the other, a numerical model is developed to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that generates the detrimental oscillations of the strip. A configuration of oblique jet impingement is compared to normal impingement. It was proven to confer more stability. However, the maximum cooling rates reached by gas convection are insufficient regarding the cooling rates to obtain special steel grades. A more efficient technique based on boiling heat transfer is investigated. Due to phase change that occurs in boiling heat transfer, high heat fluxes are dissipated for small flow velocities. In order to sidestep the oxidation problems encountered with water, another liquid coolant is chosen, Pentane. For homogenous cooling patterns and savings in flow requirements, spray nozzles are used to impinge Pentane over the hot surface. An experimental bench is then set-up to characterize the cooling rates of a pentane spray for high surface temperature, i. E. Film boiling regime. The effect of the spray hydrodynamic parameters on the heat transfer process is analyzed and a correlation is developed. T he correlation predicts the evacuated heat flux from the hot surface as a function of the surface temperature and spray hydrodynamic parameters. The developed correlation is implemented in a simulation model in order to predict the cooling rate of a Pentane spray cooling section. The latter is then compared to gas jet cooling section for the same terms of reference. Aside from yielding higher cooling rates, Pentane spray cooling results in savings in power consumption
Apostolidis, Argyrios. "Dynamique du transfert d'énergie inter-échelle et de la dissipation turbulente dans la turbulence de paroi." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0017.
Full textThis study aims to explore the dynamics of turbulence dissipation and energy transfer in wall turbulence, highlighting three key results. First, the dissipation scaling does not adhere to the classical Kolmogorov‐Richardson equilibrium cas‐cade; instead, it supports a non‐equilibrium energy cascade in both time and space.Second, Kolmogorov equilibrium, in which the interscale transfer balances dissipa‐tion, can only be asymptotically achieved around the Taylor length, a non‐inertiallength that depends on viscosity and wall distance. Lastly, we illuminate the or‐ganisation of energy transfer around coherent structures, revealing their markedly in homogeneous nature and explaining it through a simplified local velocity field.These insights offer valuable contributions to advancing our understanding of wall turbulence and enhancing the modelling assumptions employed in practical sim‐ulations
Merabet, Boubekeur. "Contribution à l'étude de la transmission d'énergie à distance par µondes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675751.
Full textRiachy, Lina. "Nouvelle technique de nanoscopie de fluorescence par excitation non radiative pour l’étude des interactions membrane/substrat." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0017/document.
Full textThe objective of my thesis work was to develop a new technique of Non-radiative Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy to study the interactions membrane/substrate.This technique is achieved by coating the substrate with donor species, such as quantum dots (QDs). Thus the dyes are not excited directly by the laser source, as in common fluorescence microscopy, but through a non-radiative energy transfer.To prevent dewetting of the donor film, we have implemented a silanization process to covalently bond the QDs on the substrate. A monolayer of QDs was then deposited on only one side of the coverslips. We highlight the potential of our method through the study of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) labeled with DiD as acceptor, in interaction with surface functionalized with poly-L-lysine. In the presence of GUVs, we observed together a quenching of QDs emission and emission of DiD located in the membrane, which clearly indicated that non-radiative energy transfer from QDs to DiD occurs. By changing salt concentration in the solution, we have been able to finely control the force of the interaction and thus modify the equilibrium distance between the surface and the membrane. From quantitative measurements of quenching of QDs and fluorescence emitted by non-radiative transfer, we calculate the equilibrium distances and obtain a mapping of these distances with a nanometric optical resolution. Based on this study, our functionalization technique is also used to observe the adhesion of living cells, U87MG on different surfaces in order to observe their focal points
Sterpone, Fabio. "Le transfert d'électron dans le Centre Réactionnel de Rb. Sphaeroides : asymétrie fonctionnelle et mutations étudiées par simulation de Dynamique moléculaire." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066310.
Full textDerouineau, Stéphanie. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'écoulement de convection naturelle généré entre deux volumes de fluide superposés et communiquant au travers d'une ouverture horizontale." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2286.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental and numerical (DNS 2D) study of natural convection flow induced by exchange between two superposed fluid compartments at different temperatures, through a thin horizontal aperture. Laser tomography visualisations reveal different flows : laminar, pseudo periodical for low Rayleigh number and chaotic for high Rayleigh number. An analysis of complex three-dimensional local exchange mechanisms is proposed. Direct numerical simulations give faithful mechanisms reproduction. Experimentally, net heat transfer quantification shows that characteristic length is independent of compartment's heights but is a complex function of thickness and diameter D, D remaining the main parameter. Numerical simulations confirm this result and give an exchange law proportional to RaD1/2
Aitken, Frédéric. "Modélisation des phénomènes induits par une injection fortement localisée d'énergie dans un liquide." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0035.
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