Academic literature on the topic 'Transferability of legitimate interest'
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Journal articles on the topic "Transferability of legitimate interest"
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Rautenbach, Christa. "Editorial." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i1a2295.
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EditorialThe first 11 articles in the first issue of 2014 deal with global legal topics ranging from outer space to domestic South African matters and legal challenges in other African countries, such as Uganda, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Anél Ferreira-Snyman discusses legal challenges relating to the commercial use of outer space, with specific reference to space tourism. She points out that the current legal framework is outdated and no longer deals adequately with the rapidly developing space tourism industry. Further away from the moon, although it deals with creations of the mind and is just as mysterious for the average person, is the contribution of André van der Walt and Richard Shay, which analyses the South African Constitutional Court's treatment of intellectual property. They focus on the methodology that the Court has formulated to assess if state interference complies with constitutional provisions to determine if state intervention into property interests has been legitimate. The third contribution, by Joel Baloyi, also deals with a creation of the mind, namely copyright. He attempts through a comparative analysis to demystify the role of copyright as a tool for economic development in Africa and criticises the stifling effect the transferability principle has on the effectiveness of copyright in certain African countries. Bradley Slade discusses the differences between the concepts "public purpose" and "public interest" in the context of third party transfers as a result of property being expropriated for the realisation of public purposes in the fourth contribution. The influence of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 on organ transplants is the topic of the fifth contribution, by Debbie Labuschagne and Pieter Carstens. They come to the conclusion that the South African government has failed to provide an effective legal framework to relieve the shortage of human organs available for transplantation. Sixthly, Lize Mills discusses recently proposed regulations prohibiting the advertising and promotion of infant formulae and other products marketed as being suitable for infants or young children with the purpose of promoting breast-feeding. The last five articles move further afield and deal with legal issues elsewhere in Africa. Dana van der Merwe gives a comparative overview of the relationship between digital information in certain legal fields in South Africa and Uganda. Nazreen Shaik-Premanov examines Zimbabwe's Marange conflict diamond situation and Lovemore Chiduza analyses the Zimbabwean constitutional provisions on judicial independence. Peter Obutte scrutinises ICT laws in Nigeria and the last two authors, Serges Kamga and Ogechukwu Ajoku, reflect on addressing human rights violations by extractive industries in both South Africa and Nigeria.Four notes are also published in this issue. The first one is an overview article by Christa Rautenbach dealing with the modern-day impact of cultural and religious diversity as reflected in the book on "Managing Family Justice in Diverse Societies". The other four notes are case discussions. The first one is a discussion of the case of Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe v Louis Karel Fick by Erika de Wet. The second one is a discussion of the case of Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality by Warren Freedman, and the last one is a discussion of the case of Apollo Tyres v South Africa (Pty) Ltd v CCMA by Shamier Ebrahim.Editor: Prof C Rautenbach
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Burmistrova, Svetlana A. "Legitimate Interest as Legal Opportunity." JURIST 22 (November 30, 2017): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3929-2017-22-42-46.
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Klein, Renate C. A., and Helmut Lamm. "Legitimate Interest in Couple Conflict." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 13, no. 4 (November 1996): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407596134008.
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Loskutov, Tymur, Sergey Miroshnychenko, and Rostyslav Lemekha. "THE CONCEPT OF LEGITIMATE ECONOMIC INTEREST." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (February 11, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-175-178.
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The purpose of the article is to define the concept of legitimate economic interest. The desired result of scientific research is achieved through the following tasks: the study of theoretical representations in relation to economic interest and legitimate interest, the definition of the concept of legitimate economic interest. The subject of the study is the notion of legitimate economic interest. The methodology of the research is a set of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, which using made possible to study economic interest and legitimate interest and made possible the emergence and disclosure of the concept of legitimate economic interest. As a result of the analysis of scientific views on the notion of economic interest, it is established that scientists do not include legal features, which confirm the legality and legitimacy of economic interest, in its content. The inclusion of legal features in the definition of economic interest causes the definition of the concept of legitimate economic interest. It is concluded that legitimate economic interest is reflected in the legislation and follows from its general meaning. It is a simple economic permit, which is guaranteed, to a certain extent, by state bodies, and is expressed in the economic aspirations and economic actions and relations of a person concerning the fact of using of a particular economic good on the basis of the implementation of economic choice, which result is to change the economic situation of the person. As well as, if necessary, this simple economic permit is expressed in seeking protection from the judicial authorities in order to satisfy their own economy’s needs, which do not contradict the public interests, the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, justice, reasonableness, fullness, objectivity, equality, competitiveness and other principles of law. The practical value of scientific research is to reveal the content of an important means of meeting economic needs within the framework of legal regulation. The originality of the research is manifested in the fact that the article attempts to combine signs of economic interest and legitimate interest in defining the concept of legitimate economic interest. This approach provided for the disclosure of the person’s economic aspirations in connection with the rules of law. The prospects for further development in the direction of the study of legitimate economic interest are determined, in particular, concerning the fact of its relation with economic law and peculiarities of realization.
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Rowan, Solène. "THE “LEGITIMATE INTEREST IN PERFORMANCE” IN THE LAW ON PENALTIES." Cambridge Law Journal 78, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 148–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197318000958.
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AbstractThe article focuses on the “legitimate interest in performance” requirement which is now at the heart of the new test on penalty clauses but which has been left undefined by the Supreme Court in Cavendish Square Holding BV v Talal El Makdessi and ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis [2016]. It seeks to bring clarity to what is meant by “legitimate interest in performance” by examining other areas of the law of remedies for breach of contract where concepts of legitimate interest have featured in the court’s reasoning. It also makes suggestions as to what considerations are or might be relevant in determining whether a contracting party has a legitimate interest in performance, in particular a legitimate interest that goes beyond compensation.
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Rainsberger, Richard. "Understand ‘legitimate educational interest’ under FERPA." Campus Legal Advisor 19, no. 6 (January 25, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cala.30956.
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Rainsberger, Richard. "Understand ‘legitimate educational interest’ under FERPA." Campus Legal Advisor 19, no. 7 (February 15, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cala.30974.
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Rainsberger, Richard. "FERPA's legitimate educational interest: Some examples." Successful Registrar 18, no. 7 (August 17, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tsr.30507.
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Rainsberger, Richard. "Understand ‘legitimate educational interest’ under FERPA." Disability Compliance for Higher Education 24, no. 9 (March 20, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dhe.30618.
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MALINOVA, A. G. "Are legal definitions of “interest” and “legitimate interest” possible?" Eurasian Law Journal 8, no. 147 (2020): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46320/2073-4506-2020-8-147-64-65.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Transferability of legitimate interest"
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Carlucci, Sarah. "La trasferibilità delle autorizzazioni e concessioni amministrative." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0140.
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La thèse vise à explorer les questions relatives au transfert, entre sujet privés, des autorisations et des concessions administratives, avec une attention particulière pour les activités liées aux services de santé, où il est particulièrement difficile de trouver un équilibre entre opposes intérêts, publics et privés.La modification subjective dans la relation juridique entre l’Administration Publique et le titulaire de l’acte administratif, qui est remplacé par un nouveau bénéficiaire, doit être lu comme un acte juridique ontologiquement lié au transfert contextuel, inter vivos ou mortis causa, de la situation juridique subjective qui justifie l’intérêt légitime à être titulaire de l’acte administratif favorable. En effet, le transfert d’une activité entrepreneuriale perd son sens juridique, économique et social si l’acheteur ou le successeur universel ne peut pas bénéficier de l’autorisation ou de la concession nécessaire pour exercer effectivement l’activité en question. Mais, si le sujet privé est clairement en faveur d’une libre transférabilité de l’acte administratif, on doit également prendre en considération les intérêts publics protégés par l’acte administratif, intérêts présents non seulement au moment de la délivrance de l’acte mais aussi au moment de transfert de l’activité autorisée ou concédée.Actuellement la jurisprudence administrative continue de considérer les actes administratifs unilatéraux comme strictement personnels, déclarant qu’il n’est pas possible de transférer des autorisations ou des concessions à un nouveau bénéficiaire parce qu’elles sont accordées intuitu personae, c’est-à-dire en considération de la personne du bénéficiaire. Toutefois, s’il est clair qu' on ne peut pas parler de transférabilité pur ces autorisations et concessions qui dépendent de qualités strictement individuelles, il ne semble pas y avoir d’obstacle valable au transfert d’une autorisation ou concession accordées exclusivement ou principalement en raison de l’activité objective à laquelle elles se réfèrent. La transférabilité d’un acte administratif unilatéral dans lequel le potentiel économique et la présence de prérequis techniques sont plus importantes que des qualités strictement personnelles pourrait alors être reconnu, sans menacer l’intérêt public, qui reste protégé par le fait que la cession de l’acte administratif c’est ne pas une simple commercialisation entre sujet privées, mais c’est un acte juridique qui ne peut exercer ses effets qu’après la délivrance d’une autorisation spécifique par l’administration publique compétente. Cette intervention administrative est lue par la jurisprudence comme la délivrance d’une nouvelle autorisation mais on pense qu’elle devrait être interprétée et réglementée comme un contrôle préventif du respect des seuls éléments réellement subjectifs requis par la loi, parce que s’il y a une cession contextuelle de l’entreprise, en tant qu’ensemble organisé de biens et de ressources humaines, la conformité de l’activité au regard des critères qualitatifs et quantitatifs prédéterminés par l’administration publique a déjà été appréciés au moment de l’émission de l’acte administratif et peut, tout au plus, être l’objet de contrôles périodiques ordinaire effectués par les administrations compétentes, visant à vérifier le respect effectif des conditions fixées dans l’acte administratif transféré.Les transferts des autorisations et des concessions sont des opérations comportant un risque juridique d’une importance particulière, qu’il convient de connaître et d’analyser pour mieux le gérer. Le but de la recherche est d’examiner s'il existe des critères généraux et communs qui peuvent être utilisés pour résoudre les problèmes théoriques et pratiques liés au transfert des actes administratifs tant pour les activitésThe research aims to investigate the problems relating to the transfer of administrative acts between private subjects, especially with attention to activities related to health services, where it is difficult to find a balance between conflicting interests,The subjective change in the legal relationship between the Public Administration and the holder of the administrative act, which is replaced by a new beneficiary, must be read as a legal act ontologically linked to the contextual transfer, inter vivos or mortis causa, of the subjective legal situation that justifies the legitimate interest in being the holder of the favorable administrative act. Indeed, the transfer of a commercial activity loses its legal, economic and social significance if the buyer or the universal successor cannot benefit from the administrative act necessary to effectively carry out the activity. But, if the private subject is clearly in favor of a free transferability of the administrative act, it is also necessary to take into account the public interests protected by the administrative act, interests present both at the time of issue of the act and at the moment of the transfer of the authorized activity.Currently, administrative jurisprudence continues to consider administrative acts as strictly personal, stating that it is not possible to transfer an administrative act to a new beneficiary because it is issued in consideration of the person who benefits from it. However, if it is clear that we cannot speak of the transferability of those administrative acts that depend on strictly individual qualities, there seems to be no valid obstacle to the transfer of an act issued exclusively or mainly by reason of the objective activity to which it refers. The transferability of an administrative act in which the economic potential and the presence of technical prerequisites are more important than personal qualities could therefore be recognized, without threatening the public interest, which remains protected by the fact that the transfer of the administrative act is not a simple marketing between private subjects, but it is a legal act that can exercise its effects after issuing a specific authorization by the competent public administration. This administrative intervention is read by the jurisprudence as the issue of a new authorization but we believe that it must be interpreted and regulated as a preventive check only of the subjective elements required by law, because if there is a contextual transfer of the commercial company, such as an organization of resources, the compliance of the activity with the qualitative and quantitative criteria predetermined by the public administration has already been verified at the time of the issue of the administrative act : it would rather be necessary to subject the activity to subsequent periodic effective checks carried out by the competent administrations, aimed at verifying the compliance with the conditions set out in the transferred administrative act.Transfers of administrative acts are operations that involve significant legal risk, which should be understood and analyzed to best manage it. The aim of the research is to examine whether there are general and common criteria that can be used to solve theoretical and practical problems related to the transfer of administrative acts, with reference to private commercial activities and public service activities
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Eriksson, Dan. "The GDPR's lawful basis of legitimate interest : Advice and review regarding the balancing operation as of GDPR Article 6.1 (f)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384252.
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The objective of the thesis is to analyse law, case law, recommendations and opinions and to some extent legal doctrine to produce commercially viable advice (in other words, a check-list) on what to think about when conducting a balancing test as of GDPR Article 6.1 (f)
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Золотухіна, Л. О. "Щодо захисту законних інтересів працівників та роботодавців." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36745.
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Законний інтерес, з одного боку, являє собою закріплену в праві юридичну можливість, а з іншого боку, спрямований на задоволення суб’єктами трудового права власних інтересів, які не протирічать державним. Розглядаючи законний інтерес як юридичну можливість, яка закріплена в праві, можна дійти до висновку, що при реалізації норми КЗпП України, яка надає не суб’єктивне право, а законний інтерес, працівник або роботодавець набуває певні права, захист яких передбачений законом.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36745
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GALLI, LUCA. "Gli interessi legittimi “fondamentali”. Il giudice amministrativo e le situazioni giuridiche di rilievo costituzionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199159.
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Ad oggi, il giudice amministrativo non è il giudice ordinario dei diritti “fondamentali” incisi dai pubblici poteri.
Secondo l’orientamento tracciato dalla Corte di cassazione, come arbitro del riparto di giurisdizione, il giudice amministrativo può conoscere dei diritti “fondamentali” solo qualora ricadano in una materia di giurisdizione esclusiva.
Ciò come eredità di una teoria elaborata dallo stesso giudice ordinario quarant’anni fa, capace di sancire l’indegradabilità come conseguenza naturale del carattere fondamentale di una posizione giuridica, in modo che essa nasca come diritto soggettivo in Costituzione e possa superare indenne il confronto coi pubblici poteri.
Pertanto, i beni oggetto dei diritti “fodamentali” non potrebbero mai ricevere tutela attraverso la categoria degli interessi legittimi.
Al di là delle possibili giustificazioni teoriche, tale giurisprudenza fu elaborata come risposta a un’esigenza pratica: far fronte all’inadeguatezza della protezione giurisdizionale offribile dal giudice amministrativo a tutte le situazioni giuridiche oggetto del suo sindacato, “fondamentali” o meno.
Formalmente negando la sussistenza di pubblici poteri, il giudice civile ne ha vagliato il legittimo esercizio, per poi fungere da modello quanto ai mezzi che avrebbe dovuto avere a disposizione il giudice amministrativo per un’effettiva tutela delle posizioni giuridiche sottoposte al suo sindacato.
Come qualsiasi soluzione emergenziale, però, essa non può considerarsi una risposta efficiente sul lungo periodo: oltre alla carenza dei fondamenti teorici, l’inefficienza consegue dall’incertezza dei limiti della categoria dei diritti “fondamentali”.
Sicché, al di là dell’introduzione di un’ulteriore variabile che complica l’individuazione del giudice a cui rivolgersi, il rischio era quello di vedere attribuite due tutele differenti a fronte di situazioni giuridiche parimenti “fondamentali”, a seconda del riconoscimento o meno, da parte del giudice, di tale fondamentalità.
Da ciò l’importanza di risolvere l’emergenza.
Per questo motivo si è ritenuto necessario spingersi sino al cuore del diritto pubblico, alla Costituzione e ai beni ivi oggetto di riconoscimento e protezione, per argomentare l’opportunità di ricondurli alle due situazioni giuridiche soggettive previste dalla stessa Norma fondamentale, sia i diritti soggettivi che gli interessi legittimi.
Ancora, il superamento dell’emergenza è permesso dal riconoscimento, in dottrina e giurisprudenza, dell’interesse legittimo come posizione sostanziale, che sorge e dialoga con il potere amministrativo in modo da consentire la piena protezione dell’interesse privato nell’ambito di un rapporto di diritto pubblico.
Infine, le trasformazioni che hanno caratterizzato il giudice e il processo amministrativi, culminate con l’adozione del codice del processo amministrativo, hanno enormemente ridimensionato il senso di emergenza che conseguiva dall’inefficienza della sua tutela, dotandolo di tutti quegli strumenti che il giudice ordinario si era riconosciuto ai fini della tutela dei diritti “fondamentali” incisi dall’azione amministrativa.
Da ciò, pertanto, più che la civilizzazione del giudice amministrativo, è conseguita la sua costituzionalizzazione, risultando lo stesso dotato degli strumenti necessari e idonei a garantire la protezione effettiva della posizione del privato coinvolta nell’esercizio dei poteri pubblici, sia essa “fondamentale” o meno.
Ammettere come superata l’emergenza, dunque, non escluderebbe la piena salvaguardia delle posizioni giuridiche “fondamentali”, ma per di più garantirebbe il rispetto di altre previsioni costituzionali quali quelle che riconoscono nel giudice amministrato una componente irrinunciabile del nostro equilibrio istituzionale e, conseguentemente, ne garantiscono le specifiche attribuzioni.Today, the administrative judge is not the judge of the “fundamental” rights affected by the administrative powers. According to the jurisprudence of the Court of cassation, pronouncing as judge of the distribution of competences between administrative and ordinary jurisdiction, the administrative judge can decide on “fundamental” rights only when they fall among the fields belonging to his exclusive jurisdiction. This theory was elaborated by the same Court almost forty years ago, when it recognized the non-degradability of a “fundamental” right, which would flow as individual right from the Constitution to the individuals and which could not become a legitimate interest even if it faces the administrative power. On the one hand, this because the legitimate interest has been considered – for a long time – a legal position unable to ensure an adequate protection to the special value of the fundamental rights. On the other hand, this theory was conceived as an answer to a practical issue: to overcome the inadequacy of the judicial protection the administrative judge could offer to all the legal positions belonging to his jurisdiction, both “fundamental” or not. Formally denying the presence of public powers in the dispute involving “fundamental” rights, the ordinary judge has been able to syndicate the legitimacy of the administrative action, becoming a model for the protection the administrative judge should have guaranteed to the legal position object of his decisions. As any emergency solution, this cannot be considered an efficient response on the long term: beyond the lack of theoretical foundations, its inefficiency descends from the uncertainty of the boundaries of the “fundamental” rights as legal positions. Beyond the introduction of an additional variable that complicates the identification of the responsible judge, the risk was that of being in presence of two different legal safeguards for equally “fundamental” legal positions, according to the recognition of this fundamentality by the judge. Thus the importance of solving this problem. Therefore, it has been necessary to go into the heart of public law: the Constitution and the values subject to its recognition and protection, to argue for the opportunity to lead them back to the two legal positions provided for by the same “Fundamental” law, both individual rights and legitimate interests. Moreover, the process of overcoming this emergency is allowed by the recognition, both in doctrine and case-law, of the legitimate interest as a concrete position that arises and has dialogue with the administrative power to allow a full protection of the private interest inside a public-law relationship. Finally, the changes the administrative judge and process have undergone, culminated in the adoption of the code of the administrative process, have enormously resized the sense of urgency derived from the inefficiency of its protection, providing it with all the instruments that the ordinary judge had adopted to protect the “fundamental” rights affected by the administrative powers. Rather than the civilization of the administrative judge, this has caused his constitutionalisation, being provided with the necessary instruments to guarantee the effective protection of the individual position involved in the exercise of official authority, both “fundamental” or not. Admitting that this emergency has been overcome would therefore not exclude the complete safeguard of the “fundamental” legal positions, but it would also guarantee the respect of other constitutional provisions, such as those which recognize the administrative judge as a fundamental element of our institutional balance and, therefore, guarantee his specific responsibilities.
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Burgess, Craig Neilson. "Identification of a suspect before being charged: legitimate freedom of speech or a threat to a fair trial?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16178/1/Craig_Burgess_Thesis.pdf.
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Identification of a person suspected of a heinous crime before being charged risks prejudicing a fair trial. Present laws place this type of publicity outside the reach of sub judice contempt. This thesis argues there should be a change in the law of sub judice contempt making it an offence for the media to publish the fact that a person is under investigation until the person has been charged.
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Burgess, Craig Neilson. "Identification of a suspect before being charged: legitimate freedom of speech or a threat to a fair trial?" Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16178/.
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Identification of a person suspected of a heinous crime before being charged risks prejudicing a fair trial. Present laws place this type of publicity outside the reach of sub judice contempt. This thesis argues there should be a change in the law of sub judice contempt making it an offence for the media to publish the fact that a person is under investigation until the person has been charged.
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Денисова, А. М. "Законний інтерес як відображення правового розвитку." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60724.
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Формування громадянського суспільства, пов’язаного з
індивідуалізацією відносин та правової держави, пов’язаної із захистом
суб’єктивних прав, спричиняє зростання уваги до категорії законного
інтересу як реальної можливості суб’єктів суспільних відносин, що
захищається законом і суспільством.
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Gibb, Winna. "Informed consent : a liberal perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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Dufour, Maxime. "Clauses contractuelles et non-concurrence : approche de droit des affaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0316.
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Dans notre monde actuel, les entreprises utilisent, pour se prémunir de toute atteinte et protéger au maximum leurs intérêts économiques, des techniques contractuelles élaborées par la pratique telles que les clauses de non-concurrence, les clauses de confidentialité, les clauses de non-réaffiliation et les clauses de non sollicitation.Ces clauses occupent de multiples champs de l’activité contractuelle en mêlant le droit des contrats, le droit des affaires et le droit du travail. Elles visent à interdire au cocontractant, d’exercer une activité professionnelle, de divulguer des informations secrètes, ou encore d’embaucher certains collaborateurs. Ainsi, elles viennent limiter une liberté fondamentale, plus spécialement la liberté du commerce et de l’industrie. Dès lors, il semble nécessaire d’élaborer un régime juridique commun à toutes ces clauses afin de préserver d’un coté la protection de l’activité économique des entreprises et de l’autre la sauvegarde de la liberté économique des contractants soumis à de telles clauses. L’intérêt d’un régime commun est d’anticiper les conditions de validité et de mise en œuvre des ce type de clauses. De cette façon, la prévisibilité ne ferait plus défaut aux contractants. L’élaboration de ce droit commun passe par deux étapes. La première est relative à l’identification des clauses limitatives de concurrence. Il s’agit de saisir leur autonomie par rapport aux contrats dans lesquels elles peuvent être insérées et d’en tirer les conséquences au niveau leur validité. La seconde est relative à la mise en œuvre de ces clauses. Leur application est délicate car dépendante pour une grande partie de la précision de leur contenu. En cas de non-respect, un vaste choix de remèdes est offert au contractant déçu pour venir sanctionner le manquement contractuel constatéIn the modern world, to guard themselves from damage and to protect at best their economical interests, companies use contractual techniques developed by usage such as non-compete clauses,confidentiality clauses, non-reaffiliation clauses and non-solicitation clauses. These clauses cover many fields of contractual legality, mixing contract law, labor law and business law. Their aim is to prohibit the co-contractor to practice a professional activity, to disclose secret information, or even to employ specific colleagues, or contributors. Thus, they are brought to restrict a fundamental freedom, specifically the freedom of trade and of industry. As a result, it appears necessary to formulate a common legal system for all these clauses so as to preserve on one side the protection of the economic activity of the companies et on the other side the safeguard of the economic freedom of the co-contractors subject to these clauses. The benefit of a common legal system is the anticipation of the conditions of validity and implementation of this type of clause. In this way, the cocontractants will not lack in foresight. The development of this common right is in two steps. This includes confirming their autonomy relative to the contracts in which they may be inserted and draw the necessary conclusions regarding their validity. The second step is relative to the implementation of these clauses. Their application is sensitive because it depends for the most part on the precision of their content. In case of a breach of contract, a large array of legal remedies is available to the aggrieved contractor to penalize the breach of contract
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SILVESTRI, MAURO. "POTERE PUBBLICO E AUTOTUTELA AMMINISTRATIVA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/61787.
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La tesi ha per oggetto l’autotutela amministrativa, specialmente quella c.d. decisoria “spontanea”, ovvero quell’insieme di poteri che consentono all’amministrazione di riesaminare i propri provvedimenti e di rimuoverli a vario titolo.
Di questi poteri si è indagato il fondamento dogmatico e positivo.
La questione del fondamento è stata per lunghi anni affrontata dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza in termini totalmente pre-critici e non problematici: l’esistenza di questi poteri era semplicemente scontata e le riflessioni sulla loro base giuridica si esaurivano perlopiù nella constatazione della loro necessità nell’immemore consenso circa la loro ammissibilità.
Negli ultimi anni, invece, una parte degli Autori ha disconosciuto la natura implicita e per così dire “originaria” di questi poteri e ne ha perciò patrocinato la stretta riconduzione al principio di legalità: in altre parole, l’annullamento e la revoca non sarebbero affatto conseguenza della c.d. inesauribilità del potere amministrativo – negata da questa dottrina – e sarebbero perciò oggi ammissibili unicamente nei casi e nei modi disciplinati dalle due norme introdotte nella legge sul procedimento nel 2005. Ciò a garanzia della certezza dei rapporti giuridici e del legittimo affidamento dei destinatari dei provvedimenti ampliativi.
Secondo un filone ricostruttivo in pare contrastante con il primo, altri Autori hanno inteso valorizzare gli elementi de iure condito a favore della obbligatorietà dell’avvio del procedimento di riesame, auspicandone contemporaneamente la generalizzazione, nell’ottica di una più complessiva trasformazione dell’annullamento d’ufficio in un nuovo istituto ibrido, rispondente alla funzione di alternative dispute risolution system o, se si vuole, di ricorso gerarchico. Per le stesse ragioni, l’istituto dovrebbe perdere il carattere ampiamente discrezionale, in favore di una vincolatezza totale o parziale. Questo secondo “fronte di attacco” alla ricostruzione tradizionale intende offrire soluzione al venir meno del sistema dei controlli di legalità sull’azione amministrativa.
Lo studio ha sottoposto a verifica entrambi i filoni evolutivi richiamati, discostandosi dal secondo e, pur accogliendo parte delle argomentazioni ad esso sottostanti, anche dal primo.
Quanto alla teoria dell’esauribilità del potere amministrativo, oggetto della prima linea evolutiva, si è ritenuto di condividere le considerazioni circa la tutela dell’affidamento degli interessati e della stabilità dei rapporti giuridici. È parsa tuttavia meglio rispondente alle categorie generali e alle esigenze del sistema (anche sulla base di una visione del diritto amministrativo quale “diritto dei terzi”, per natura volto alla tutela dell’interesse generale e non solo dell’interesse privato particolare coinvolto dall’esercizio del potere) la conservazione della tradizionale inesauribilità del potere, seppur assai mitigata, nella pratica, con riferimento all’esercizio dei poteri di ritiro degli atti favorevoli ai privati il cui affidamento sia concretamente meritevole di tutela.
La natura discrezionale dell’annullamento d’ufficio (e della revoca), sottoposta a critica dalla seconda linea evolutiva, viene difesa sia sul piano del diritto positivo e pretorio (attraverso la riconduzione dei principali casi di annullamento c.d. doveroso al modello generale), sia sul piano delle categorie generali, a partire dalla natura dei poteri coinvolti e dall’analisi delle posizioni giuridiche dei soggetti interessati dai procedimenti di secondo grado.The thesis focuses on the Italian system of so called autoprotection or selfprotection. This expression refers to the powers of public administration to revoke its own acts when deemed necessary to repair a vice of legitimacy or a vice of opportunity, without being bind to resort to the courts. Given the aim of this powers – the same of first grade powers plus a semi-judicial one – they are usually meant by judges and scholars as “widely discretionary”. Furthermore, it has always been believed that the choice to activate the correspondent proceeding is totally free for public administration; consequently, a demand of interested parties does not make binding the start of the procedure, opposite to what happens with administrative appeal proceedings. In recent years ECJ, ECHR and national case law has emboldened the limits to selfredress, making clear that legitimate expectations and the public interest to legal certainty must be taken into consideration and given sufficient protection. Lately, also the Legislator followed, making the annulment and the revocation harder to be put in effect when the first act is favorable to the addressed subject. In such cases, the revocation cannot be ordered for a mere reconsideration of already known circumstances (ius poenitendi) but only if new ones show up. At the same time, ex officio annulment is precluded after 18 months from the issuing of the first act, instead of the previous general limit of a “reasonable time”. On the other hand, the case law has apparently pointed out some hypothesis of mandatory annulment, such as for “anticomunitarian acts” and cost-producing acts. Based on these two orientation, some scholars suggested a global rethinking of the self-protection, its bases and its rules. The study analyzes the case law and the latest legislative reforms, proving that no mandatory annulment exists in the Italian legal system. Therefore, nor the ECJ principle of equivalence nor other principles require that selfredress become generally obliged. The thesis also aims to prove that selfprotection remains a discretionary power, in order to ensure that the contrasting needs (the rule of law on the one hand, and the legal certainty and legitimate expectation on the other hand) can be properly balanced in every decision, according to the Constitutional provision of article 97, which requires that both impartiality and good administration are pursued.
Books on the topic "Transferability of legitimate interest"
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Third Standing Committee on Delegated Legislation. Draft enterprise act 2002(Protection of legitimate interest) order of Legitimate Interests) Order 2003 Wednesday 21st May 2003 2003, Draft enterprise act 2002(Anticipated mergers) Order 2003: Wednesday 21 May 2003. London: Stationery Office, 2003.
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Unlawful gain and legitimate profit in Islamic law: Riba, gharar, and Islamic banking. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
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1951-, Ajaj Ahmad, ed. Unlawful gain and legitimate profit in Islamic law: Riba, gharar, and Islamic banking. 2nd ed. London: Graham & Trotman, 1992.
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Commission, New Jersey Death Penalty Study. Public hearing before New Jersey Death Penalty Study Commission: Testimony concerning whether the death penalty serves a legitimate penological intent, such as deterrence; whether the penological interest in executing some of those guilty of murder is sufficiently compelling that the risk of an irreversible mistake is acceptable; whether the death penalty is consistent with evolving standards of decency : [July 19, 2006, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J: The Unit, 2006.
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Öberg, PerOla. Interest Organizations in the Policy Process. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.39.
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Early last century, a norm to integrate organized interests into the policy processes was established. Groups gained influence and the state could implement legitimate public policy. The balance between autonomy and institutional participation was evasive. Some argue that organizations were captured into powerlessness, others that special interests controlled policy processes. Now, the situation has changed. Institutional participation has decreased. Face-to-face meetings intending to solve common problems are being replaced by professional lobbying. A transparent corporatist system favoring certain interests has been replaced by less transparent pluralism. This chapter focuses on the establishment, function, and dismantlement of corporatism in the policy process.
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Flynn, Maurice. Big Mo's Guides : GDPR PREP PLAN - Steps 3 and 4 : Lawful Basis for Data, Correct Consent and Legitimate Interest: Data Privacy and Protection Policies, Processes, Plans and Templates. Independently Published, 2018.
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Svantesson, Dan Jerker B. A New Jurisprudential Framework for Jurisdiction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795674.003.0003.
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This chapter advances a new jurisprudential framework for jurisdiction and discusses it in detail, outlining how it may be applied, and responds to some potential concerns that may be raised against the framework. The framework is focused on: (1) there being a substantial connection between the state claiming jurisdiction and the matter; (2) the state claiming jurisdiction having a legitimate interest in the matter; and (3) a balancing of that state’s interest with other relevant interests. As this framework represents the core of jurisdiction in both public international law and in private international law, it effectively unifies those two disciplines commonly viewed as distinct.
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Paul J, Conderman, and Sari Aurel. Part II Commentaries to Typical Sofa Rules, 20 Jurisdiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0020.
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This chapter concerns the exercise of jurisdiction over Visiting Forces. Here, Sending States and Receiving States rely on competing jurisdictional principles, the territorial principle, and that of service jurisdiction, in order to claim the right to exercise their regulatory authority over Visiting Forces. Neither principle can be allowed to triumph over the other without denying a legitimate and vital interest of one of the parties. This is why agreements providing for the exercise of exclusive jurisdiction are rare. The vast majority of status-of-forces agreements (SOFAs) strike some balance between these competing principles and interests, influenced by the political, legal, and operational context of the deployment.
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Sergi, Anna, Alexandria Reid, Luca Storti, and Marleen Easton. Ports, Crime and Security. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529217711.001.0001.
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The Covid-19 pandemic, Brexit and the US-China trade dispute have heightened interest in the geopolitics and security of modern seaports. Ports are where contemporary societal dilemmas converge: the (de)regulation of international flows; the (in)visible impact of globalisation; the perennial tension between trade and security; and the thin line between legitimate, illicit and illegal. Applying a multidisciplinary lens to the political economy of port security, this book presents a unique outlook on the social, economic and political factors that shape organised crime and governance. Drawing on several primary interviews with port security professionals, this text bridges the divide between global and local, and theory and practice.
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McShane, Katie. Truth and Goodness. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.13.
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Although some environmental ethicists have taken up metaethical questions in their work, the relevance of metaethics to environmental ethics has been a point of controversy in the field. This chapter reviews the environmental ethics literature on metaethics, considering what legitimate interest environmental ethics might have in metaethical issues. It reviews the main positions in contemporary metaethics, as well as the claims that environmental ethicists have looked to metaethics to vindicate. Ultimately it argues that metaethics is not entirely irrelevant to environmental ethics, as some critics have claimed. However, contemporary metaethics is able to address the concerns of environmental ethicists from a number of different theoretical perspectives.
Book chapters on the topic "Transferability of legitimate interest"
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Baur, Dorothea. "NGOs, Interest Groups and Activists." In NGOs as Legitimate Partners of Corporations, 115–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2254-5_11.
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Singh, Iknoor, Deepak P., and Anoop K. "On the Coherence of Fake News Articles." In ECML PKDD 2020 Workshops, 591–607. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65965-3_42.
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AbstractThe generation and spread of fake news within new and online media sources is emerging as a phenomenon of high societal significance. Combating them using data-driven analytics has been attracting much recent scholarly interest. In this computational social science study, we analyze the textual coherence of fake news articles vis-a-vis legitimate ones. We develop three computational formulations of textual coherence drawing upon the state-of-the-art methods in natural language processing and data science. Two real-world datasets from widely different domains which have fake/legitimate article labellings are then analyzed with respect to textual coherence. We observe apparent differences in textual coherence across fake and legitimate news articles, with fake news articles consistently scoring lower on coherence as compared to legitimate news ones. While the relative coherence shortfall of fake news articles as compared to legitimate ones form the main observation from our study, we analyze several aspects of the differences and outline potential avenues of further inquiry.
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Lambertini, Roberto. "Old Wine in New Wineskins: William Ockham and the Common Good in Context." In Common Good and Self-Interest in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy, 131–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55304-2_8.
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AbstractThe present chapter investigates the use of the expression bonum commune in two political works by William of Ockham: the third part of the Dialogus and the Octo quaestiones de potestate papae. The choice of these works is motivated by the fact that they represent the final – and most mature – phase of the English Franciscan’s political reflection. Relying on the findings of previous scholarship, the author believes it is appropriate to focus on the use of the expression rather than on a determination of its meaning, which seems to be taken for granted by Ockham. The contribution highlights three main uses of the expression: (1) as a criterion for distinguishing, along the lines of Aristotle’s Politics, between upright and deviant constitutional forms; (2) as a limit to the exercise of power by a legitimate power; and (3) as “a conceptual device” that aims to relativise the conclusions of political theory (e.g., the identification of the best constitutional form), motivated by Ockham’s awareness of the intrinsic contingency and mutability of historical events. Indeed, safeguarding the common good in certain situations, according to the English Franciscan, may require a solution that deviates from the ideal paradigm. In the course of the analysis, it appears that Ockham, despite his reputation as an individualist philosopher, consistently applies the principle of the subordination of the individual good to the common good.
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Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude. "Il testamento di Ercole I d’Este." In Reti Medievali E-Book, 207–23. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-423-6.12.
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On the 1st of July 1504, Ercole d’Este, duke of Ferrara (1471-1505), dictated his last will. His testament (that will be published here for the first time) has two main features of interest. Apart from designating Ercole’s first son, Alfonso, as his heir, Ercole establishes here the principle of male and legitimate birth right as the only rule for future successions within the Este dynasty. He also leaves to the three unmarried sons – and only to them – an amount of resources big enough to guarantee them a decent way of life. Such resources were provvigioni (in the form of sums of money, fiscal revenues and rural properties) rich enough to let them live such as princes.
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López Gunn, Elena, Laura Vay, and Carlos Marcos. "A Reader’s Guide to Natural Assurance Schemes." In Water Security in a New World, 19–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25308-9_2.
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AbstractThis chapter provides a Reader’s Guide for the book based on the different elements to develop a natural assurance scheme, from its conceptual frame in this section (Sect. 2.1). The chapter is structured based on the different targeted audiences and the process of developing a natural assurance scheme (or NAS). The first section is addressed to Technical Experts and Researchers looking at the methodological assessment (physical, social and economic) needed to be undertaken to design a natural assurance scheme. These physical impacts of a NAS and the its value in monetary and non-monetary terms are outlined in Sect. 2.2 of the book. The next audience is focused on planners, business and financial experts integrating the natural assurance schemes into the planning framework that guides the logic and sequence to ensure the adoption and implementation of natural assurance schemes, the development of viable business models and financial arrangements. All these paves the way on how these NAS can be turned into NBS strategies to be fully developed and implemented as bankable projects (as outlined in Sect. 2.3 of the book). Finally practitioners and others can learn from the implementation of the methodology in 9 case studies across Europe at different scales addressing a range of water hazards (Sect. 2.4 of the book). The final section is particularly suitable for policy makers, insurers and others drawing on lessons learnt, key findings, and recommendations. and transferability to other locations (Sect. 2.5). Thus this Reader’s guide places special emphasis on the perspective and interest of the different readers, guiding them by summarising and outlining what sections and parts of the book might be of more interest and relevance.
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Moerenhout, Tom. "Energy Subsidies." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 545–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_27.
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AbstractEnergy subsidies are widespread among OECD and non-OECD countries and exist for all energy types. Governments often give noble and legitimate rationales for the introduction and continuation of various energy subsidies, but the reality of energy subsidy policies is nearly always more complex than the stated rationale. Governments have tried to balance the energy trilemma by implementing several types of energy subsidies at once. This has resulted in a complex political economy of pervasive subsidies across energy production and consumption. Even when some policy priorities clearly change, the phasing out of existing subsidies may prove politically challenging when powerful vested interest groups exercise their influence over governmental decision-making. This chapter goes in depth on the types, size, objectives, and politics of subsidies to fossil fuel consumption and production and those to renewable electricity.
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"The legitimate national interest and legitimate global power." In The Planetary Interest, 47–54. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203214091-13.
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"The ‘Legitimate General Interest’ and Broadcasting." In Broadcasting in the European Union: The Role of Public Interest in Competition Analysis, 67–85. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-451-6_4.
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Hamer, Kenneth. "Legitimate Expectation." In Hamer's Professional Conduct Casebook, 819–22. 4th ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192883384.003.0054.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the principle of legitimate expectation applying to professional conduct cases. It expounds on the decision in Brabazon-Drenning v. UKCC and the Court of Appeal in Patel v. GMC that feature legitimate expectations. During the Brabazon-Drenning v. UKCC case, the court held that an unambiguous and unequivocal assurance given to a registrant that no further action would be taken in respect of an allegation meant that the charge could not be resurrected and pursued at a later stage against the registrant. The legitimate expectation was applied in the Court of Appeal in Patel v. GMC as the claimant received a clear, unequivocal, and unqualified assurance from the Registration and Education Directorate of the GMC. The chapter also tackles the case of Wood v. Secretary of State for Education, which triggered a legitimate public interest in protecting children from the risk of sexual abuse.
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Kirshner, Alexander S. "Opposition without Democracy." In Legitimate Opposition, 124–54. Yale University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243468.003.0005.
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This chapter uses the history of the Roman Republic to illustrate why the “clockwork constitutionalism” approach may be mistaken in most cases of interest, that is, cases in which institutions reflect inequities and injustices. Clockwork constitutionalism assumes that political institutions can be easily changed and that they will function as intended, like the precise elements of a Swiss clock. The chapter shows that the inegalitarian character of Roman opposition was not, fundamentally, the product of a lack of information about how to improve the political system. It then mines a different vein of the violence–opposition connection, exploring the failure of Roman opposition. Examining recent proposed alternatives to opposition, the chapter concludes with a measurement of clockwork constitutionalism's theoretical limitations.
Conference papers on the topic "Transferability of legitimate interest"
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Kyi, Lin, Sushil Ammanaghatta Shivakumar, Cristiana Teixeira Santos, Franziska Roesner, Frederike Zufall, and Asia J. Biega. "Investigating Deceptive Design in GDPR’s Legitimate Interest." In CHI '23: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580637.
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Timoshenko, Mikhail A. "Legal Thinking As A Factor Of Legitimate Personality Behavior." In International Scientific Forum «National Interest, National Identity and National Security». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.02.02.128.
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Оздамирова, Лаура Мусатовна. "THE MAIN WAYS TO IMPROVE THE LEGAL SUPPORT OF THE LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL." In Образование. Культура. Общество: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/ecs291.2020.67.78.041.
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В статье дается определение законного интереса личности, отмечены наиболее важные моменты, способствующие обеспечению законных интересов личности. The article defines the legitimate interest of the individual, highlights the most important points that contribute to ensuring the legitimate interests of the individual.
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Rezgui, Zohra, and Amina Bassit. "Transferability Analysis of an Adversarial Attack on Gender Classification to Face Recognition." In 2021 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548308.
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Morel, Victor, Cristiana Santos, Viktor Fredholm, and Adam Thunberg. "Legitimate Interest is the New Consent - Large-Scale Measurement and Legal Compliance of IAB Europe TCF Paywalls." In CCS '23: ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3603216.3624966.
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Morawski, Wojciech. "The Tax Rulings – the Conflict Between the Principle of Legality and the Principle of Legitimate Expectations." In XVI International Scientific Conference "The Optimization of Organization and Legal Solutions concerning Public Revenues and Expenditures in Social Interest". Temida 2, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oolscprepi.2018.38.
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Bean, Jonathan. "Cracking the Code: A New Perspective on Architectural Education." In 110th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.110.10.
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Legitimation Code Theory, or LCT, a framework from education studies, offers the potential for a new perspective on architectural education by distinguishing the different forms knowledge can take and the conditions that determine whether knowledge is considered legitimate within a field of practice such as architecture. At a time when the field is under pressure to respond to climate change and social equity, LCT offers a cogent and tested set of tools for understanding the present state of architectural education and influencing its future. Building on the core LCT dimension of specialization, three potentials for the field are identified in the interest of moving the field toward a polyvalent definition of architecture.
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Buszynski, Mario E. "A Cost-Effective Method of Achieving Meaningful Citizen Participation in Public Roadway Pipeline Studies." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1809.
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Many proponents of gas pipeline studies using the public roadway for their facilities have trouble encouraging public participation. Problems resulting from a lack of public involvement are documented. A public participation process designed to gather meaningful public input is presented through a case study of a public roadway pipeline study in southern Ontario. Techniques are outlined to effectively stimulate public interest and document the public involvement process. Recommendations are made as to the transferability of this process to other jurisdictions.
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Sangelkar, Shraddha, and Daniel A. McAdams. "Formalizing User Activity–Product Function Association Based Design Rules for Universal Products." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47926.
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Universal products intend to equally serve people with and without a disability. This paper focuses on creating guidelines that are applicable during the early stages of designing universal products. Actionfunction diagrams are used to formally compare existing universal products to their typical counterparts to study the similarities and differences. A data mining technique, particularly association rule learning, generates rules from the universal and typical product comparison data. Generation of function-based association rules for universal design has been performed on a smaller scale using this method; this research seeks to extend and formalize the same method by studying a larger set of universal products. Trends in the generation of rules are analyzed indicating that a finite set of rules should be applicable to an arbitrarily large set of products. Further, the rules are analyzed in detail to evaluate their potential for transferability and reuse from one product to another. Of particular interest is the transferability of the rules across apparently disparate product domains such as garden tools and residential furniture. The conceptual and physical similarity of the rules is discussed in the context of creating universal product families based on a platform of accessible elements.
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Zhang, Yanci, and Han Yu. "Towards Verifiable Federated Learning." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/792.
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Federated learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm of collaborative machine learning that preserves user privacy while building powerful models. Nevertheless, due to the nature of open participation by self-interested entities, it needs to guard against potential misbehaviours by legitimate FL participants. FL verification techniques are promising solutions for this problem. They have been shown to effectively enhance the reliability of FL networks and build trust among participants. Verifiable FL has become an emerging topic of research that has attracted significant interest from the academia and the industry alike. Currently, there is no comprehensive survey on the field of verifiable federated learning, which is interdisciplinary in nature and can be challenging for researchers to enter into. In this paper, we bridge this gap by reviewing works focusing on verifiable FL. We propose a novel taxonomy for verifiable FL covering both centralised and decentralised settings, summarise the commonly adopted performance evaluation approaches, and discuss promising directions towards a versatile verifiable FL framework.
Reports on the topic "Transferability of legitimate interest"
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Rosenfeld and Kiefner. L52270 Basics of Metal Fatigue in Natural Gas Pipeline Systems - A Primer for Gas Pipeline Operators. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010154.
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The natural gas pipeline industry is rapidly implementing comprehensive integrity management practices to meet the demands of new regulatory imperatives and public interests. These new demands require formal integrity management planning programs be developed and applied where pipeline failures could affect High Consequence Areas�. A formal integrity management plan (IMP) incorporates some process for identifying threats to a pipeline's integrity. Such threats come in many forms and are uniquely dependent on a wide range of attributes associated with an individual pipeline segment. Interest (or concern) has arisen regarding metal fatigue as one such possible integrity threat. We know from some pipeline failures that occasionally and under certain circumstances, fatigue may constitute a potential threat. The cumulative body of knowledge derived by theory, test, and experience on the subject of fatigue and its effects on piping, pressurized equipment, and welded structures is vast in scope and detail, and it is not the intention of this document to summarize that. Rather, it is intended that this document provide natural gas pipeline operators and others interested in natural gas pipeline safety with a useful understanding of the extent to which fatigue could pose a legitimate and actionable safety threat, as well as to demonstrate the author's opinion that in most respects, fatigue remains a comparatively minor risk component of the overall spectrum of threats to natural gas pipeline safety.