Journal articles on the topic 'Transfer voyages'
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Kaufmann, Sebastian. "Reconstruction--Fiction--Transfer." Transfers 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2016.060306.
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Artistic practices in ethnological knowledge transfer can be found in the wellknown account of James Cook’s first voyage (1768–1771) by John Hawkesworth (Account of the Voyages […] in the Southern Hemisphere, 1773), which shows that such travel accounts are not only vehicles of knowledge transfer but also means of knowledge (re)construction, and at times this process of remolding knowledge extends to a rewriting that includes elements of fiction. Hence, the article will draw on the material assembled by Cook and Joseph Banks in their Endeavour Journals to identify in Hawkesworth’s examples of (ethno-aesthetic) knowledge construction and “invention.” A comparison of the diff erent types of texts is rewarding not least because Hawkesworth’s account strove to present the new knowledge to a broader audience. An identification of Hawkesworth’s departures from his sources facilitates the reading of the act of knowledge transfer as a process of knowledge transformation.
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Muskiewicz, Marion S. "Book Review: The Ongoing Columbian Exchange: Stories of Biological and Economic Transfer in World History." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n2.181b.
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Over forty years ago, Alfred Crosby published The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (ABC-Clio, 1973), dissecting the many biologic and economic changes resulting from Christopher Columbus’s voyages to America. Dr. Cumo has built on this and created this quick reference work, which adds to and updates information on plants, animals and diseases which moved from the Old World to the New or vice versa.
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Schiebinger, Londa. "Feminist History of Colonial Science." Hypatia 19, no. 1 (2004): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2004.tb01276.x.
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This essay offers a short overview of feminist history of science and introduces a new project into that history, namely feminist history of colonial science. My case study focuses on eighteenth-century voyages of scientific discovery and reveals how gender relations in Europe and the colonies honed selective collecting practices. Cultural, economic, and political trends discouraged the transfer from the New World to the Old of abortifacients (widely used by Amerindian and African women in the West Indies).1
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Schaffer, Simon. ""On Seeing Me Write": Inscription Devices in the South Seas." Representations 97, no. 1 (2007): 90–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2007.97.1.90.
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Recent historical and sociological work has used the notion of the inscription device to account for European sciences' long-range powers. Such devices are supposed to generate traces of encounters and observations, which can then be mobilized and combined elsewhere along complex networks of travel and information transfer. Europeans' voyages in the South Seas have often been used to illuminate this process. This paper examines an episode of 1792 when a British astronomer was invited to tattoo a Marquesan chief by the chief himself. The episode suggests intriguingly symmetrical relations between acts of inscribing, writing, and tattooing and analyzes the ways inscriptions worked in such encounters. Assumptions about European authority and indigenous difference can thus be reexamined.
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Matloff, Gregory L., and John Pazmino. "Detecting Interstellar Migrations." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 161 (January 1997): 757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100015360.
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AbstractInterstellar Migrations may occur when a civilization’s star enters the Red Giant phase, thereby dooming the life-bearing planet(s). Ecologically self-contained «world ships», massing billions of kilograms and propelled by hyperthin, space-manufactured solar sails thousands of kilometers in diameter unfurled near the home star are possible vehicles to transfer a threatened civilization to a neighboring star. Consideration of the nearest Red Giants reveals that Pollux is the nearest formerly solar-type Red Giant. Known stellar neighbors of Pollux are surveyed to determine likely directions for an interstellar migration departing Pollux. Such migrations might consist of many world ships launched over millenia on voyages of about 1000 terrestrial-year duration; discovery of such events will be serendipitous. The difficulties of observing solar-sail star ships near Pollux are considered. A facility dedicated to imaging extrasolar planets within 10 parsecs might be capable of detecting these large spacecraft.
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Dickenson, Victoria. "Cartier, Champlain, and the Fruits of the New World." Scientia Canadensis 31, no. 1-2 (January 23, 2009): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019753ar.
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Abstract Much has been written of the Columbian exchange, the transfer between New World and Old of people, pathogens, flora and fauna. The biota of two hemispheres, once seemingly irredeemably separated, were interpenetrated, both through accident and through human agency. Part of this exchange involved medicinal and food plants, discovered in the New World and adopted into the Old. This paper examines the translation of a number of New World plants that were part of the 'Cartierian' or 'Champlinian' exchange that followed the voyages to North America by Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) between 1534 and 1541, and the explorations and settlements undertaken by Samuel de Champlain (1580?-1635) from 1603 to his death at Quebec in 1635. During this period, a number of North American plants were propagated in European nurseries and even found their way into everyday use in gardens or kitchens. How were these new plants viewed on their introduction and how were they incorporated into Europe's "vegetable" consciousness? Where did these new plants fit in the classification of the edible and the exotic?
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Balakhonova, Ekaterina Isaevna, and Mikhail Nikolaevitch Kandinov. "About the collections from the first Russian circumnavigation kept in the ethnographic department of the MSU Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology." Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2021.2.121-138.
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The article analyzes the collections from the ethnographic fund of the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of Moscow State University, which characterize the material culture of the indigenous inhabitants of the Marquesas and Hawaiian Islands, as well as the Sitka Island. The archival documents of the Rumyantsev Museum, stored in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library, and the scientific archives of the Museum of Anthropology (transfer certificates, inventories, and labels) were used for reconstruction of the items’ origin. The collections were also analyzed according to the history of their collecting by Y.F. Lisyansky during his voyage on the Neva ship and compared with the textual and visual information in the published materials of the participants of the first Russian round-the-world expeditions. Results and discussion. The collections entered the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology in the 30s and 40s of the XX century from the Museum of Peoples of the USSR - the heir of the Department of Foreign Ethnography of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum. We discovered and introduced into scientific circulation documents from the Rumyantsev Museum archive that allows to conclude that the collections belong to the first national round - the - world voyages and the oldest part of the ethnographic gathering. These documents significantly expand our knowledge on the volume and composition of Count N.P. Rumyantsev ethnographic collection transferred from St. Petersburg to Moscow. They show that this collection includes artefacts of indigenous inhabitants of the islands through which the route of the ship «Neva» under the leadership of Y.F. Lisyansky passed. A comprehensive analysis of the collections and documents confirmed the presence of artifacts received from Y.F. Lisyansky in the ethnographic storage of the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of Moscow State University. For the first time, the composition of the collections belonging to the oldest part of our ethnographic collection, originating from the participants of the first Russian circumnavigation, has been published.
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Nugroho, Sukmo Hadi, Adi Bandono, Okol Sri Suharyo, and Raditya Novianto. "THE SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES TRAINING SHIP TO SUBSTITUTE KRI DEWARUCI FOR NAVAL ACADEMY CADETS USING THE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS (ANP) METHOD." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i1.203.
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Republic of Indonesia Ship (KRI) Dewaruci is a Naval Academy Cadets' (AAL) training ship that is old. Thiscondition is very susceptible to various threats of accidents while carrying out voyages around the world to cruisethe AAL Kartika Jala Krida Kadet. The government has planned to replace KRI Dewaruci with a new trainingship. This study aims to determine the selection of new prospective makers training ship by the Analytic NetworkProcess (ANP) method. This ANP method is used because the existing data have a relationship among thecriteria and the relationship between criteria and sub-criteria. In alternative selection, there are two main criteria,namely operational requirements criteria with four sub-criteria: security, geographical conditions, skills training,transfer of technology and technical requirement criteria with five sub-criteria: machinery, navigation, trainingequipment, platform, masts, and sails. The results of this study are the alternative priorities for new training shipreplacing the best KRI Dewaruci and also the priority of the main/critical sub-criteria. The biggest alternativescore value is a training ship made by Piere Shipyard made in Spain with a score of 0.50259.Keywords: Analytic Network Process (ANP), Super Decisions, Training ship, Criteria and Sub-criteria
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Law, Cliff S., Murray J. Smith, Mike J. Harvey, Thomas G. Bell, Luke T. Cravigan, Fiona C. Elliott, Sarah J. Lawson, et al. "Overview and preliminary results of the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 22 (November 16, 2017): 13645–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017.
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Abstract. Establishing the relationship between marine boundary layer (MBL) aerosols and surface water biogeochemistry is required to understand aerosol and cloud production processes over the remote ocean and represent them more accurately in earth system models and global climate projections. This was addressed by the SOAP (Surface Ocean Aerosol Production) campaign, which examined air–sea interaction over biologically productive frontal waters east of New Zealand. This overview details the objectives, regional context, sampling strategy and provisional findings of a pilot study, PreSOAP, in austral summer 2011 and the following SOAP voyage in late austral summer 2012. Both voyages characterized surface water and MBL composition in three phytoplankton blooms of differing species composition and biogeochemistry, with significant regional correlation observed between chlorophyll a and DMSsw. Surface seawater dimethylsulfide (DMSsw) and associated air–sea DMS flux showed spatial variation during the SOAP voyage, with maxima of 25 nmol L−1 and 100 µmol m−2 d−1, respectively, recorded in a dinoflagellate bloom. Inclusion of SOAP data in a regional DMSsw compilation indicates that the current climatological mean is an underestimate for this region of the southwest Pacific. Estimation of the DMS gas transfer velocity (kDMS) by independent techniques of eddy covariance and gradient flux showed good agreement, although both exhibited periodic deviations from model estimates. Flux anomalies were related to surface warming and sea surface microlayer enrichment and also reflected the heterogeneous distribution of DMSsw and the associated flux footprint. Other aerosol precursors measured included the halides and various volatile organic carbon compounds, with first measurements of the short-lived gases glyoxal and methylglyoxal in pristine Southern Ocean marine air indicating an unidentified local source. The application of a real-time clean sector, contaminant markers and a common aerosol inlet facilitated multi-sensor measurement of uncontaminated air. Aerosol characterization identified variable Aitken mode and consistent submicron-sized accumulation and coarse modes. Submicron aerosol mass was dominated by secondary particles containing ammonium sulfate/bisulfate under light winds, with an increase in sea salt under higher wind speeds. MBL measurements and chamber experiments identified a significant organic component in primary and secondary aerosols. Comparison of SOAP aerosol number and size distributions reveals an underprediction in GLOMAP (GLObal Model of Aerosol Processes)-mode aerosol number in clean marine air masses, suggesting a missing marine aerosol source in the model. The SOAP data will be further examined for evidence of nucleation events and also to identify relationships between MBL composition and surface ocean biogeochemistry that may provide potential proxies for aerosol precursors and production.
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Espagne, Michel. "Alexander von Humboldt et la construction franco-allemande de l'Amérique Latine." Jangada: crítica | literatura | artes 1, no. 17 (August 6, 2021): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.35921/jangada.v1i17.399.
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Écrivain allemand francophone travaillant sur l’Amérique latine dont il a contribué à fonder l’identité politique et scientifique Alexander von Humboldt qui a travaillé 20 ans dans le milieu des savants parisiens à la préparation éditoriale de son Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent (30 volumes en français) incarne un transfert culturel triangulaire paradigmatique. Le présent article vise à analyser les mécanismes de naturalisation en France de Humboldt à travers deux revues qui accompagnent la diffusion de son œuvre les Annales et Nouvelles Annales des Voyages et la Revue des deux mondes, cette dernière plus particulièrement centrée sur l’acclimatation de la grande œuvre en langue allemande le Cosmos. On a pu de même reconnaître jusque dans des œuvres fondamentales du modernisme brésilien des réminiscences du texte humboldtien sur la nature d’Amérique du Sud.
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Bogojević, Dragan. "Le voyage pittoresque et historique de l’Istrie et de la Dalmatie de Joseph Lavallée : l’enchâssement textuel tardif (1802) des dessins de Louis François Cassas réalisés en 1782." Convergences francophones 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cf483.
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L'œuvre de Louis François Cassas (1756-1827) voyageur peintre et dessinateur retient de plus en plus l'attention des historiens d'art et des pratiques culturelles. Nous tenterons tout d'abord de comprendre comment les soixante-neuf dessins réalisés en 1782 lors du voyage de Cassas en Istrie et en Dalmatie s'inscrivent dans une dynamique originale d'extension et de redéfinition du Grand Tour. Ce n'est pourtant que vingt années plus tard et à Paris (1802, dans la France du Consulat) que ces dessins seront publiés, enchâssés dans le livre de Joseph Lavallée. Nous tenterons de comprendre comment le récit-commentaire de Joseph Lavallée s'articule sur les gravures de Cassas et nous interrogerons plus précisément les écarts et décalages constitutifs d'un transfert culturel à bien des égards paradoxal : du voyage de l'artiste français disposant de multiples protections et de la commande de l'Autriche de Joseph II à l'accompagnement "littéraire" et à la publication dans la France révolutionnée.
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Shevchenko, V. P., V. M. Kopeikin, A. N. Novigatsky, and G. V. Malafeev. "Black carbon in the marine boundary layer over the North Atlantic and seas of the Russian arctic in june-september 2017." Океанология 59, no. 5 (November 5, 2019): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030-1574595771-776.
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The paper presents the results of a study of the concentrations of black carbon in the marine boundary layer over the Baltic and North Seas, the North Atlantic, the Norwegian, the Barents, the Kara and the Laptev seas from June 30 to September 29, 2017 in the 68th and 69th voyages of research vessel "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh". Black carbon has a significant impact on climate change and the degree of pollution of the Arctic. Black carbon is formed as a result of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels (primarily coal, oil) and biomass or biofuel. It consists of submicron particles and their aggregates and can be transported a great distance from the source. Samples were taken by pumping air for 46 hours through quartz filters Hahnemule at an altitude of 10 m above sea level in a headwind to prevent smoke of the vessel from entering the filters. Subsequently, the black carbon content was determined in the laboratory by the aetalometric method. The backward trajectories of the air mass transfer and the black carbon particles transported by them to the sampling points were calculated using the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model at http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html. The conducted studies show low values of black carbon concentrations (50 ng/m3) along the expedition route when air masses came from the background areas of the North Atlantic and the Arctic. High concentrations of black carbon (100200 ng/m3 and higher) are characteristic for areas with active navigation (the South-Eastern Baltic, the North Sea) and near ports (eg Reykjavik), as well as for incoming air masses from the industrialized regions of Europe to South-Eastern Baltic and from areas of oil and gas fields where associated gas is flared (the North, the Norwegian and the Kara seas).
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Orrico, Tony. "Voyage of the Transfer." PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 36, no. 2 (May 2014): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pajj_a_00189.
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Trull, T. W., S. G. Bray, K. O. Buesseler, C. H. Lamborg, S. Manganini, C. Moy, and J. Valdes. "In situ measurement of mesopelagic particle sinking rates and the control of carbon transfer to the ocean interior during the Vertical Flux in the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) voyages in the North Pacific." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 55, no. 14-15 (July 2008): 1684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.021.
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Fendler, Ute. "Le road movie dans le contexte interculturel africain." Cinémas 18, no. 2-3 (August 4, 2008): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018552ar.
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Résumé À partir des années 1990, on constate, en Afrique francophone, une hausse de la production de films que l’on peut qualifier de road movies. Mais comment s’effectue le transfert de ce genre d’origine américaine, dont les caractéristiques les plus marquantes sont l’expérience de l’espace dans le sens spatial et symbolique et la quête d’identité, dans le contexte africain ? En fait, on note que des tendances thématiques et esthétiques se manifestent à l’intérieur du champ cinématographique maghrébin et ouest-africain francophone, notamment la migration Sud-Nord, synonyme de quête d’un avenir meilleur, et le voyage Nord-Sud, synonyme de quête de racines perdues. Outre ces voyages de migration, des périples effectués au sein d’un seul pays mettent l’accent sur la diversité ethnique et culturelle africaine, ce qui est l’occasion de rencontres interculturelles. Dans ce champ cinématographique s’insèrent aussi les films d’orientation historique, légendaire ou mystique où la quête de l’identité ou même du sens de la vie est centrale. Le road movie se prête en effet particulièrement à l’illustration de l’état des sociétés en mutation ou en voie de développement de l’Afrique francophone, ce qui se manifeste par l’abondance des lieux de transit et des mouvements en suspens dans son cinéma. Mais ce genre fait également écho aux récits traditionnels de cette dernière, de telle sorte que les road movies africains s’inscrivent plutôt dans une tradition propre aux récits de voyage et d’initiation — grâce aux types de narration que suppose le road movie —, où les destins individuels sont au premier plan. L’appropriation du genre road movie par les cinéastes d’Afrique francophone représente donc aussi la possibilité de s’inscrire dans l’histoire cinématographique pour attirer l’attention sur des productions issues des cinémas dits « mineurs », le genre leur conférant une certaine visibilité auprès des critiques et des publics.
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Gangenahalli, Gurudutta U., John M. Millholland, Anna Kalota, Paula Bennett, Betsy M. Sutherland, and Alan M. Gewirtz. "Countering Low-Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and High-LET Radiation Exposure with Pro-Methyl Hoechst (PMH) and EUK-134 (Mg-Salen Complex): Radioprotection of Normal Human CD34+ Cells in a Simulated Deep Space Environment." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4158.4158.
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Abstract The deep space radiation environment is composed of both low-, and high-, LET radiation sources. High-LET radiation particles (HZE) are particularly dangerous because, by direction ionization of DNA, or radiolysis of water, they induce free radical formation that causes relatively non-repairable double strand breaks (DSB) and other complex damages to cellular DNA. The risk to flight crews exposed to HZE on extended duration voyages, such as the proposed Mars mission, has not been quantitated. Crew safety, and mission planning, dictate that such studies be done. We are examining the effects of low and high-LET radiation on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function using normal human CD34+ cells obtained from consenting donors. Low-LET radiation was derived from a 137Cs source while HZE, primarily in the form of radioactive Fe, Ti, Si were generated by the Brookhaven National Laboratory’s (BNL) relativistic heavy ion collider-alternating gradient synchrotron (RHIC-AGS). Cells were prepared at UPENN, and shipped to BNL by overnight courier. The cells were then irradiated, with or without candidate radioprotectants, and aliquots of cells were then analyszed for DNA damage, and colony forming unit (CFU) function. Our initial studies indicated that human CD34+ cells demonstrated a dose dependent sensitivity to exposures as low as 15 cGy of both radiation types. The effects of HZE particles were more severe as shown by the dramatic decrease in assayable BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM assays. PMH treatment prior to irradiation, enhanced CFU formation by all lineages from 2–4 fold in the dose range of 15–50 cGy (137Cs) as compared to untreated cells. When doses increased to 70 cGy, PMH still displayed significant radioprotective effects in BFU-E and CFU-GEMM assay, as much as 2–3 fold, indicating some lineage specificity to its protective abilities. EUK-134 displayed significant radio-protection between 15-30 cGy as well and was slightly additive when combined with PMH. CFU were increased several fold compared to untreated controls in the dose range of 30-50 cGy of Fe. At 50 cGy, CFU-E, and CFU-GM were no longer protected. A decrease in the levels of phosphorylated histone H2A.X, a sensor of DSB, was observed in cells treated with PMH, and EUK-134, and correlated with the radioprotection observed. Immunochemical staining also documented an increase in repair proteins unique for DSB, such as Ku70/80, MRE-11 and Rad-50. Finally, the number of DNA ends labeled with dUTP-(FITC) terminal transferease enzyme was also increased. Altogether, these observations suggest that between 15–50 cGy, PMH and EUK-134 prevent DNA damage and DSB formation, thereby preserving CFU compared to untreated controls. Protective effects are lost when doses were greater than 50 cGy. We conclude that PMH and EUK-134 is effective against both low and high-LET, and that similar radioprotective mechanisms may be triggered in cells by each. Experiments to address the precise mechanisms of radioprotection by these compounds are ongoing in our labs, and will hopefully assist in the development of even more efficient radioprotective agents
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Schwadron, N. A., and D. J. McComas. "IS VOYAGER 1 INSIDE AN INTERSTELLAR FLUX TRANSFER EVENT?" Astrophysical Journal 778, no. 2 (November 13, 2013): L33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/778/2/l33.
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Ülker, Duygu, and Birsen Koldemir. "Comparative Voyage-Based Evaluation of Yacht Transfer by Self-Sailing and Cargo Vessel Shipment – A Pilot Study." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 33, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v33i5.3746.
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The seasonal domestic yacht traffic direction in Turkey from the Marmara Sea and South coasts of Turkey at the beginning of the Summer and opposite direction at the end of the Summer or beginning of the Autumn. Considering the long-distance and long sailing time between the routes of seasonal yacht moving, this study revealed whether the yacht carrying in domestic shipping can be feasible for yacht owners and ship owners. The technical and managing perspective of port and ship selection criteria are indicated for yacht carrying. Estimations are done for the selected sample ship and yacht model and selected loading/discharging ports. All of the voyage expenses are formulated and written in MatLab. The voyage costs of the sample ship and yacht model are estimated to evaluate the feasibility of yacht carrying between the Bodrum and Haydarpaşa Port. The cost of a yacht carrying between the ports is acceptable depends on the number of yachts, speed of yacht and yacht type carried. The long coastline and yacht traffic potential of Turkey give the opportunity of effectiveness for shipping of yachts in the domestic line.
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Leszczyński, Marcin. "Hybridity of Juliusz Słowacki’s Voyage to the Holy Land from Naples from Eastern Notebook in an Intermedial and Transmedial Perspective." Tekstualia 3, no. 66 (October 31, 2021): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8516.
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The essay discusses Voyage to the Holy Land from Naples by Juliusz Słowacki, treated as part of the recently rediscovered Eastern Notebook, with a focus on the relations between the text and its visual aspects within the poem and in reference to the pictures and sketches from the notebook. Apart from the genre hybridity of Voyage…, the essay emphasises its media hybridity on different levels: from the intermedial perspective (the poem in relation to the drawings associated with it, such as the drawing of Agamemnon’s tomb or the sketch of the Vostiza tree which appears at the end of canto VI) and from the transmedial perspective (the transfer of structures from different media to the poem, such as paintings, postcards, paper-cuts, graffi ti/hieroglyphs, magic lantern – with special attention paid to the overlapping of Salvator Rosa’s paintings and phantasmagoric magic lantern shows). The essay thus highlights Słowacki’s sensitivity to visual phenomena of different technological origins and how his poetry refl ects such phenomena.
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Davidson, Ian C., Linda D. McCann, Paul W. Fofonoff, Mark D. Sytsma, and Gregory M. Ruiz. "The potential for hull-mediated species transfers by obsolete ships on their final voyages." Diversity and Distributions 14, no. 3 (February 29, 2008): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00465.x.
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Noyes, John K. "Knowledge, Travel, and Embodied Thought." Transfers 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2016.060305.
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In this article I examine Johann Gottfried Herder’s Journal of My Voyage in the Year 1769 as a radical experiment in travel writing. Herder understands travel as an alignment of the mobility of the mind with the mobility of the body, and the task of the travel writer (and the traveling reader) is to use language to explore this alignment. Th e experiment of 1769 was intended as a continuation of his studies on epistemology, which had been intent on finding an alternative understanding of knowledge to the dominant trends of the day, idealism and empiricism. Language and its actualization in reading and writing are the foundation upon which knowledge transfer can be built, and the Journal is an attempt to demonstrate how knowledge transfer is possible.
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Nunn, Nathan, and Nancy Qian. "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.2.163.
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This paper provides an overview of the long-term impacts of the Columbian Exchange—that is, the exchange of diseases, ideas, food crops, technologies, populations, and cultures between the New World and the Old World after Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas in 1492. We focus on the aspects of the exchange that have been most neglected by economic studies; namely the transfer of diseases, food crops, and knowledge between the two Worlds. We pay particular attention to the effects of the exchange on the Old World.
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Ogura, Takahiro, Teppei Inoue, and Naoshi Uchihira. "Prediction of Arrival Time of Vessels Considering Future Weather Conditions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 4410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104410.
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International logistics is becoming increasingly active. Marine transportation, in particular, accounts for approximately 90% of the total volume managed in international logistics and plays a vital role in the supply chains of many companies. However, en route factors, such as weather conditions, often delay scheduled arrivals at destination ports, and an accurate prediction of the arrival time is required for supply chain efficiency. The arrival time has been predicted in previous studies by calculating the route to the destination port and the en route voyage speed without considering the influence of future weather conditions. Hence, the prediction accuracy may decrease when weather conditions change. In this study, we propose a prediction method that identifies the route from the voyage results of vessels whose weather condition is similar to the future one and uses Bayesian learning to calculate the voyage speed in consideration of future weather conditions. Consequently, future changes in weather conditions are reflected in the prediction results. The prediction accuracy of the proposed method is projected to be 28% higher than that from previous studies based on historical operational data of vessels carrying home appliance and automobile industry cargoes.
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Fahr, H. J. "Solar wind heating by an embedded quasi-isothermal pick-up ion fluid." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 10 (October 31, 2002): 1509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1509-2002.
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Abstract. It is well known that the solar wind plasma consists of primary ions of solar coronal origin and secondary ions of interstellar origin. Interstellar H-atoms penetrate into the inner heliosphere and when ionized there are converted into secondary ions. These are implanted into the magnetized solar wind flow and are essentially enforced to co-move with this flow. By nonlinear interactions with wind-entrained Alfvén waves the latter are processed in the co-moving velocity space. This pick-up process, however, also causes actions back upon the original solar wind flow, leading to a deceleration, as well as a heating of the solar wind plasma. The resulting deceleration is not only due to the loading effect, but also due to the action of the pressure gradient. To calculate the latter, it is important to take into account the stochastic acceleration that suffers at their convection out of the inner heliosphere by the quasi-linear interactions with MHD turbulences. Only then can the presently reported VOYAGER observations of solar wind decelerations and heatings in the outer heliosphere be understood in terms of the current, most likely values of interstellar gas parameters. In a consistent view of the thermodynamics of the solar wind plasma, which is composed of secondary ions and solar wind protons, we also derive that the latter are globally heated at their motion to larger solar distances. The arising heat transfer is due to the action of suprathermal ions which drive MHD waves that are partially absorbed by solar wind protons and thereby establish their observed quasi-polytropy. We obtain a quantitative expression for the solar wind proton pressure as a function of solar distance. This expression clearly shows the change from an adiabatic to a quasi-polytropic behaviour with a decreasing polytropic index at increasing distances, as has been observed by the VOYAGERS. This also allows one to calculate the average percentage of the intitial energy fed into the thermal proton energy. In a first-order evaluation of this expression we can estimate that under stationary flow conditions about 10% of the initial injection energy is eventually transfered to solar wind protons, independent of the actual injection rate. Key words. Interplanetary physics (energetic particles; interstellar gas; solar wind plasma)
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Scandola, Massimo. "LA « BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE TRAVAIL » DE ROGER JOSEPH BOSCOVICH. LES SOURCES DU JOURNAL D’UN VOYAGE DE CONSTANTINOPLE EN POLOGNE (1772)." La mémoire et ses enjeux. Balkans – France: regards croisés, X/ 2019 (December 30, 2019): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.29.2019.7.
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THE « WORKING LIBRARY » OF ROGER JOSEPH BOSCOVICH. THE SOURCES OF THE JOURNAL OF TRAVEL FROM CONSTANTINOPLE TO POLAND (1772) This essay analyses the sources of the Journal of a Voyage of Costantinople in Poland (1772) of Roger Boscovich. In this essay, I study the context of writing, and so I propose the hypothesis of rewriting the story travels from the study of the geographical and historical literature of his time about the vassal and tributary States of the Ottoman Empire. Key words: cultural transfers, French studies, Italian studies, travel literature, Balkans, Eighteenth century, Enlightenment.
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Pla, Fina. "De la structure corporelle aux corps en résonance." Clinical Journal of the International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis 27, no. 2 (March 2017): 73–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/0743-4804-2017-27-7-fr-73.
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Cet article permet au lecteur un voyage en deux temps. Dans la première partie, sont présentées les contributions d’auteurs bio énergéticiens sur les thèmes du transfert et du contre-transfert, donnant une vue d’ensemble de la richesse et de la créativité de chaque auteur. La deuxième partie apporte une réflexion au sujet de l’influence de la théorie de l’attachement, de la psychanalyse relationnelle et des neurosciences dans la relation thérapeutique, en lien avec l’Analyse bioénergétique. L’impact de ces nouveaux concepts sont présentés et les anciens concepts sont revisités. Il en résulte une nouvelle vision enrichie de la relation thérapeutique et de ses processus transférentiels et contre-transférentiels. Le processus thérapeutique devient alors interrelationnel, somatique et sensoriel, à l’intérieur de la dyade psychothérapeutique. Deux vignettes cliniques concises sont présentées afin d’illustrer d’illustrer ces concepts.
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Pla, Fina. "De la structure corporelle aux corps en résonance." Clinical Journal of the International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis 27, no. 1-FR (March 2017): 73–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/0743-4804-2017-27-fr-73.
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Cet article permet au lecteur un voyage en deux temps. Dans la première partie, sont présentées les contributions d’auteurs bio énergéticiens sur les thèmes du transfert et du contre-transfert, donnant une vue d’ensemble de la richesse et de la créativité de chaque auteur. La deuxième partie apporte une réflexion au sujet de l’influence de la théorie de l’attachement, de la psychanalyse relationnelle et des neurosciences dans la relation thérapeutique, en lien avec l’Analyse bioénergétique. L’impact de ces nouveaux concepts sont présentés et les anciens concepts sont revisités. Il en résulte une nouvelle vision enrichie de la relation thérapeutique et de ses processus transférentiels et contre-transférentiels. Le processus thérapeutique devient alors interrelationnel, somatique et sensoriel, à l’intérieur de la dyade psychothérapeutique. Deux vignettes cliniques concises sont présentées afin d’illustrer d’illustrer ces concepts.
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An, Heungjo, Fatima Bahamaish, and Dong-Wook Lee. "Simulation and Optimization for a Closed-Loop Vessel Dispatching Problem in the Middle East Considering Various Uncertainties." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 9626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209626.
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The downstream sectors of the hydrocarbon industry in the Middle East are growing quickly. Due to their geographical locations, they need to transport products from manufacturing plants at one port to other hub ports for international shipping, forming complex closed-loop shipping systems. Such domestic shipping systems are also typical logistics structures in many energy and heavy industries near coastal regions. The operations in such systems are frequently lagging due to uncertainties, such as weather and unexpected events, and the lack of effective management techniques. More reliable and efficient systems require a better vessel operations management policy than one based on a first-available-first-use policy and constant voyage speed. This study develops a detailed and realistic simulation model to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of a closed-loop vessel shipping system, considering various uncertainties from weather and port operations. Furthermore, the optimization model has been incorporated into the simulation model to prescribe the optimal number of vessels and voyage speed to minimize the total costs. A new vessel dispatching policy, large-vessel-first-use, has been proposed and compared with the first-available-first-use policy using the developed model. Increased use of large vessels and slower voyage speeds significantly benefited the total costs and environmental effects. The optimal solution presented the potential to save 26.8% of the total cost and reduce greenhouse gas emissions up to 39% compared with the current operating condition.
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Lehrer, Paul. "History of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Research: A Personal and Scientific Voyage." Biofeedback 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-41.3.03.
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This paper reviews the history of heart rate variability biofeedback. Interest in the method has evolved from several directions, eventually mutually influencing each other, and often through workshops provided by the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. My own work was influenced by long-term use of the technique in Russia, and from research by Evgeny Vaschillo using transfer function analysis among heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure, to show how the technique stimulates the baroreflex; also by Richard Gevirtz in frequent workshops given together. Work at the HeartMath Institute independently evolved from experience with music relaxation and “heartfelt emotion,” and other research evolved from American psychophysiological research. Brief descriptions of the development of interest and work in this field are provided by Richard Gevirtz, Rollin McCraty (HeartMath), Fredric Shaffer, and Robert Nolan, as well as myself.
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Gaur, Savita. "Bengáli Tűz: A Spectrum of Intercultural Transfer." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2018-0027.
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Abstract A definite change occurs when two cultures interact and exchange information, which leads to the transformation in their respective cultures. Bengáli Tűz (Fire of Bengal) is a famous Hungarian journal and is often described as a travel journal or a novelistic voyage, which comes from the era of the early twentieth century and displays some impeccable shades of intercultural transfer. A Hungarian housewife went to India with her husband in 1929 and stayed there for three years while recording her personal experiences in a journal known as Bengáli Tűz in present time. Rózsa Hajnóczy’s journey started with a cultural shock that ended up in making her a knowledgeable person regarding a new culture. It is a chain of prominent events, narrating the story of how the author’s perspective about life met with a change and how she gained some openness and became culturally transformed. She had tears in her eyes when she left Hungary and came to India, as she was reluctant to leave her home, but after three years, when she departed from India, she again cried, but this time it was not for either India or Hungary. Her eyes were wet as she missed the notion of the entire “world” under the same roof. Other nationalities in this travel journal also underwent cultural transformation. The journal also showcases other compelling and significant topics, which makes it a tempting piece to read and an authentic piece of literature. Bengáli Tűz can be analysed from various points of view, of which here I chose “intercultural transfer”, but I am fully aware that a postcolonial reading would also offer fascinating insights into the journal.
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Guo, Yufei, Dongzhu Feng, Xin Wang, Cong Li, and Yunzhao Liu. "The Earth-Mars Transfer Trajectory Optimization of Solar Sail Based on hp-Adaptive Pseudospectral Method." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6916848.
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Solar sails have many advantages over traditional chemical propulsion spacecraft, such as needlessness of fuel, high payload ratio, long service life, and great application potential in deep space exploration, interstellar voyage, and other aerospace application fields. However, the period of solar sail transfer from the initial orbit to the desired orbit is relatively long. Thus, it is necessary to optimize the transfer trajectory of solar sail according to specific tasks. The hp-adaptive pseudospectral method combines the global pseudospectral method with the finite element method, which adopts double layer optimization strategy to solve the optimal control problem and has higher computational efficiency and accuracy than the traditional global pseudospectral method. In this paper, the pressure of solar light acting on the solar sail is analyzed, and the kinematic equation of the solar sail is established in polar coordinate system first; then the basic principle of the hp-adaptive pseudospectral method is introduced, and the steps of solving the transfer trajectory optimization problem by hp-adaptive pseudospectral method are proposed; finally, the trajectory optimization of the solar sail from Earth orbit to Sun-centered Mars orbit is simulated as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of hp-adaptive pseudospectral method in the orbit transfer optimization problem of solar sail. The simulation results show that the adopted method is not sensitive to the initial values and has more reasonable distribution and less computational cost than the Gauss pseudospectral method.
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Gutsulyak, Vasiliy N. "The Types of the Charter-Parties in International Commercial Shipping." Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS 14, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2019-14-4-gutsulyak.
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One of the most important tools for the use of sea and river vessels for the carriage of goods is a contract of affreightment (charter party). Under the terms of the charter-party, one party (the shipowner) transfers the vessel or part of its premises to the other party (the charterer) for the established remuneration (the freight).Despite the fact that charter-parties have long been used in the practice of shipping, however, today both in doctrine and in practice there is no unified approach to their classification and understanding of their legal nature.According to the author, at present all charter-parties can be divided into three main types: voyage-charter, time-charter and bareboat-charter (demise-charter). Attempts by some domestic and foreign scholars to identify other types of charter-parties, such as daily-charter, slot-charter, etc., are unreasonable, since other types of charter-parties do not have their own value and are essentially only special cases or combinations of the three above types of charter-parties.A voyage-charter is essentially a contract for the carriage of goods by sea with a stipulation to provide an entire ship, or a part of ship, or specified compartments of a ship for the carriage of goods between ports. The shipowner in this case retains full control over the vessel without any exceptions in favor of the charterer.Under the time-charter the shipowner undertakes to provide the charterer with the vessel and the services of the ship’s crew members for use for a certain period for the carriage of goods, passengers or for other purposes of merchant shipping for a specified remuneration (freight). If the ship is chartered for the carriage of goods, then we are dealing with a contract of the sea carriage. If the vessel is chartered for other purposes, such as marine scientific research, etc., then the time-charter party is a special type of contract (suigeneris).A bareboat charter party is a hiring of the ship alone without crew. Bareboat charter party and demise charter are actually equivalent concepts, if there are differences between them, they are minimal. Their legal nature is absolutely the same, which is based on the transfer of the vessel for a certain period in the full and undivided possession of the charterer.
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Heng, Geraldine. "An Ordinary Ship and Its Stories of Early Globalism." Journal of Medieval Worlds 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 11–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.100003.
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An ordinary ship and its cargo can tell the story of far-flung global markets, human voyaging, and early industrialization in China that supplied exports to the world. Sometime after 825 CE an Arab dhow set sail from the port of Guangzhou in coastal south China, having unloaded its goods from the Near East, and reloaded with some estimated 70,000 ceramics and other items, on its return voyage to the Abbasid empire. Taking the route that has been called “the maritime silk road,” this hand-sewn ship made of planks fastened with coconut fiber (without any nails) seems to have decided to offload some cargo first in maritime Southeast Asia, perhaps intending to pick up a secondary cargo of spices, resins, and aromatics for which the Indonesian islands were famed. The dhow sank near the island of Belitung, at a reef called Batu Hitam (“Black Rock”). Fifty-five thousand ceramic wares, along with gold and silver ornaments, ingots, mirrors, ewers, vases, jars, cups, incense burners, boxes, flasks, bottles, graters, and the like—and two objects that may have been children’s toys, and a re-soldered gold bracelet sized for a woman’s wrist—were excavated intact in 1998, and are housed at the Asian Civilisations Museum in Singapore. This ninth-century dhow is the only ship of its kind ever recovered, though hand-sewn ships that plied the Indian Ocean are described in travel accounts from as early as the first-century CE. The dhow is a remarkable example of the global ships carrying people, goods, ideas, religion, and culture, which knit the world into relationship along transoceanic routes. Its vast trove of ceramics is the earliest physical evidence attesting the industrial production of ceramics in China for export to foreign markets as early as the Tang Dynasty (618–907). Designs painted on the great majority of the ceramic wares were favored in the export market, not in China. Part of the trove includes prototypes of blue-and-white ceramics for which China would become famous 400 years later: ceramic experiments that feature Iraqi designs attesting global interrelationships in art and the exchange of ideas. The crews of ships such as this one were multiracial, multireligious, and assembled from everywhere: The cargo, knowledges, and stories these diverse, anonymous voyagers helped to transfer across the world transform our understanding of scale, time, and globalism.
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Luo, Jing, Yang Ming Qian, Sheng Xin Weng, and Huai Yong Li. "The Application of Digital Medical Technology in Maritime Medical Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.324.
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The application of Digital Medical Technology in Navy fleet voyage is an effective means for medical treatment efficiency improvement, diagnosis capability enhancement, and realization of telemedicine at sea under special conditions. Through the establishment of remote medical center and the design of maritime telecommunications link, various biological data can be collected via technique such as sensors during the process of medical treatment at sea and transfer of the wounded. Hence, a synchronized maritime clinic data center is in place to allow for information exchange between the maritime treatment platform and the hospital on land. With the remote support of maritime medical center for treatment at sea, the advantages of flexibility, adaptability and reliability are clear. The application of digital medical technology in maritime medical treatment plays a significant role in enhancing the medical support capability.
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Dvornik, Joško, and Srđan Dvornik. "Dual-Fuel-Electric Propulsion Machinery Concept on LNG Carriers." Transactions on Maritime Science 3, no. 2 (October 21, 2014): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v03.n02.005.
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Human efforts to devise optimum propulsion for their vessels are as old as the vessels themselves. Today these efforts are even more determined as modern shipping requires propulsion systems that are increasingly reliable, available, cost-efficient and able to meet high ecological criteria. The heat transfer towards liquefied gas stored in tanks results in boil-off during cargo handling or voyage. The rate of the evaporated gas amounts to 0.13% per day during the voyage of a fully loaded ship. Steam turbines have been a dominant form of propulsion on liquefied natural gas - LNG carriers for over forty years. Until recently, the possibility of using boil-off gas as fuel for boilers has been the reason for installing steam plants as the only means of propulsion of LNG carriers. However, it has been proved that these plants are not sufficiently efficient due to adverse impacts on both emissions and the vessel’s operating expenses. It has also been found out that dual-fuel-electric propulsion is the most effective alternative to steam. Shipping companies select electric propulsion primarily because it provides excellent manoeuvrability and increased availability, allows reduction of the machinery space and better arrangement of shipping capacity and, naturally, because of lower fuel costs. This paper discusses the newest technologies and the operation principle of the low-pressure four-stroke dual-fuel diesel engine, specificallythe 12V50DF and 9L50DF types produced by Wärtsilä company, and the concept of the dual-fuel-electric propulsion for the new generation of LNG carriers.
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Salonia, Matteo. "The first voyage of Giovanni da Empoli to India: Mercantile culture, Christian faith, and the early production of knowledge about Portuguese Asia." International Journal of Maritime History 31, no. 1 (February 2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418822446.
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Giovanni da Empoli, a Florentine agent and merchant, was among the first Europeans to travel by an exclusively maritime route to India. This article focuses on Giovanni’s first voyage to the East (1503–1504), during which he visited several ports along the Malabar coast. By examining Giovanni’s letter to his father, this contribution explores his (re)emerging identities, and in particular his mercantile outlook and his Christian faith, which suggest a diversity of value systems and agendas among ‘the Portuguese’. The experience of Giovanni is significant also because it represents an instance of production and transfer of knowledge about ‘the Indies’ in early Cinquecento Europe. As suggested by other contemporary sources concerning Giovanni, this circulation of knowledge did not take place only in writing, but also orally, in formal and informal conversations that Giovanni had with a variety of interested interlocutors both in Florence and elsewhere.
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Carbone, V. "Scaling exponents of the velocity structure functions in the interplanetary medium." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 7 (June 30, 1994): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0585-3.
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Abstract. We analyze the scaling exponents of the velocity structure functions, obtained from the velocity fluctuations measured in the interplanetary space plasma. Using the expression for the energy transfer rate which seems the most relevant in describing the evolution of the pseudo-energy densities in the interplanetary medium, we introduce an energy cascade model derived from a simple fragmentation process, which takes into account the intermittency effect. In the absence and in the presence of the large-scale magnetic field decorrelation effect the model reduces to the fluid and the hydromagnetic p-model, respectively. We show that the scaling exponents of the q-th power of the velocity structure functions, as obtained by the model in the absence of the decorrelation effect, furnishes the best-fit to the data analyzed from the Voyager 2 velocity field measurements at 8.5 AU. Our results allow us to hypothesize a new kind of scale-similarity for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence when the decorrelation effect is at work, related to the fourth-order velocity structure function.
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Smith, Murray J., Carolyn F. Walker, Thomas G. Bell, Mike J. Harvey, Eric S. Saltzman, and Cliff S. Law. "Gradient flux measurements of sea–air DMS transfer during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) experiment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 8 (April 26, 2018): 5861–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5861-2018.
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Abstract. Direct measurements of marine dimethylsulfide (DMS) fluxes are sparse, particularly in the Southern Ocean. The Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) voyage in February–March 2012 examined the distribution and flux of DMS in a biologically active frontal system in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Three distinct phytoplankton blooms were studied with oceanic DMS concentrations as high as 25 nmol L−1. Measurements of DMS fluxes were made using two independent methods: the eddy covariance (EC) technique using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and the gradient flux (GF) technique from an autonomous catamaran platform. Catamaran flux measurements are relatively unaffected by airflow distortion and are made close to the water surface, where gas gradients are largest. Flux measurements were complemented by near-surface hydrographic measurements to elucidate physical factors influencing DMS emission. Individual DMS fluxes derived by EC showed significant scatter and, at times, consistent departures from the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment gas transfer algorithm (COAREG). A direct comparison between the two flux methods was carried out to separate instrumental effects from environmental effects and showed good agreement with a regression slope of 0.96 (r2= 0.89). A period of abnormal downward atmospheric heat flux enhanced near-surface ocean stratification and reduced turbulent exchange, during which GF and EC transfer velocities showed good agreement but modelled COAREG values were significantly higher. The transfer velocity derived from near-surface ocean turbulence measurements on a spar buoy compared well with the COAREG model in general but showed less variation. This first direct comparison between EC and GF fluxes of DMS provides confidence in compilation of flux estimates from both techniques, as well as in the stable periods when the observations are not well predicted by the COAREG model.
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IMRE, D. G., and A. ZELENYUK. "SINGLE PARTICLE LASER ABLATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETER: MAIDEN VOYAGE TO HOUSTON, TX AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS." Journal of Aerosol Science 32 (September 2001): 1009–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(21)00450-x.
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Papadopoulou, Anna, Evangelia Bountouvi, and Fotini-Eleni Karachaliou. "The Molecular Basis of Calcium and Phosphorus Inherited Metabolic Disorders." Genes 12, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050734.
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Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) hold a leading part in many skeletal and extra-skeletal biological processes. Their tight normal range in serum mirrors their critical role in human well-being. The signalling “voyage” starts at Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) localized on the surface of the parathyroid glands, which captures the “oscillations” of extracellular ionized Ca and transfers the signal downstream. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), Vitamin D, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF23) and other receptors or ion-transporters, work synergistically and establish a highly regulated signalling circuit between the bone, kidneys, and intestine to ensure the maintenance of Ca and P homeostasis. Any deviation from this well-orchestrated scheme may result in mild or severe pathologies expressed by biochemical and/or clinical features. Inherited disorders of Ca and P metabolism are rare. However, delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis may cost patient’s quality of life or even life expectancy. Unravelling the thread of the molecular pathways involving Ca and P signaling, we can better understand the link between genetic alterations and biochemical and/or clinical phenotypes and help in diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention.
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Cholewka, C., F. Friso, and M. Politi. "L’usage des diètes en médecine traditionnelle amazonienne : implications pour une nouvelle phytothérapie." Phytothérapie 18, no. 3-4 (August 30, 2019): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2019-0181.
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La médecine traditionnelle amazonienne tout comme la naturopathie possède de grandes ressources et une grande variété de techniques de soins. Les diètes sont l’une des techniques largement utilisées en Haute-Amazonie péruvienne. Il s’agit pour le guérisseur de mettre le patient en isolement en pleine forêt avec un régime alimentaire et des normes psychocorporelles très strictes afin de lui administrer des préparations de plantes. À travers un voyage intérieur et un nettoyage physique profond, le patient libère son énergie vitale et trouve ainsi la voie de la guérison. L’expérience de la diète conduit l’être humain à retisser un lien avec la nature et les plantes, lien souvent perdu du fait d’un mode de vie urbain et matérialiste. À travers ce processus de purification, l’Homme va non seulement libérer sa force vitale autoguérisseuse, mais aussi s’ouvrir à la spiritualité et ainsi rencontrer son essence. La diète, en tant qu’instrument de guérison et de développement personnel, s’étend aujourd’hui de plus en plus aux cultures et aux contextes occidentaux. Au-delà de sa contribution à ce que l’on appelle le tourisme chamanique, la possibilité de son transfert culturel avec l’utilisation de plantes de la flore européenne est envisagée.
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Ziajka-Poznańska, Ewelina, and Jakub Montewka. "Costs and Benefits of Autonomous Shipping—A Literature Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104553.
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The development of autonomous ship technology is currently in focus worldwide and the literature on this topic is growing. However, an in-depth cost and benefit estimation of such endeavours is in its infancy. With this systematic literature review, we present the state-of-the-art system regarding costs and benefits of the operation of prospective autonomous merchant ships with an objective for identifying contemporary research activities concerning an estimation of operating, voyage, and capital costs in prospective, autonomous shipping and vessel platooning. Additionally, the paper outlines research gaps and the need for more detailed business models for operating autonomous ships. Results reveal that valid financial models of autonomous shipping are lacking and there is significant uncertainty affecting the cost estimates, rendering only a reliable evaluation of specific case studies. The findings of this paper may be found relevant not only by academia, but also organisations considering to undertake a challenge of implementing Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in their operations.
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Kotowska, Izabela. "The Role of Ferry and Ro-Ro Shipping in Sustainable Development of Transport." Review of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2015-0010.
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AbstractAs far as sustainable transport development is concerned, transfer of cargo from road transport to short sea shipping, which, according to the common opinion, generates lower external costs, is one of the objectives of the European Union policy. However, the latest research results indicate that some Ro-Ro vessels and ferries generate higher external costs than road transport. In light of this, benefits resulting from transferring the cargo from road to sea seem to be questionable. The main aim of the article is answering the question whether, and if so, how ferry and Ro-Ro shipping contributes to development of sustainable transport? In order to answer this question, an analysis of ferry and Ro-Ro shipping lines functioning in European transport system has been conducted.The article presents research results based on an analysis of approx. 900 ferry and Ro-Ro shipping lines considering the length and time of voyage compared to alternative road transport. Usually, the course of sea shipping route does not cover the route of the road transport, and therefore the lengths of both routes frequently considerably differ, which significantly affects the total external costs generated by them. On the basis of the analysis, the shipping lines have been classified according to the criterion of their substitutability to road transport and their role in sustainable transport development.
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DiBacco, Claudio, Donald B. Humphrey, Leslie E. Nasmith, and Colin D. Levings. "Ballast water transport of non-indigenous zooplankton to Canadian ports." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 3 (September 2, 2011): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr133.
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Abstract DiBacco, C., Humphrey, D. B., Nasmith, L. E., and Levings, C. D. 2012. Ballast water transport of non-indigenous zooplankton to Canadian ports. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 483–491. Ballast water is one of the primary transport vectors for the transfer and introduction of non-indigenous zooplankton (NIZ). Regulations require vessels from overseas to conduct mid-ocean exchange before discharging ballast in Canadian ports. Intracoastal vessels from nearby ports may be exempt from exchange, whereas intracoastal vessels from more distant ports are required to exchange. Zooplankton in the ballast water of transoceanic exchanged (TOE), intracoastal exchanged (ICE), and intracoastal unexchanged (ICU) vessels arriving at Canada's west (WC) and east (EC) coasts were examined. NIZ density, propagule pressure, taxon richness, and community composition were compared among the three shipping classes. The WC ports received greater densities of NIZ and had greater NIZ propagule pressure than EC ports. Within WC vessels, NIZ propagule pressure and density were significantly greater in ICU vessels. TOE vessels on the EC had the greatest NIZ propagule pressure and density. ICU vessels entering Vancouver ports represented the greatest invasion risk to Canadian waters. These vessels likely mediate secondary invasions by facilitating the transport of unexchanged ballast directly from ports previously invaded, whereas short ICU voyage duration enhances organism survivorship and vessels transport NIZ over natural dispersal barriers.
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Mourard, D., M. Brož, J. A. Nemravová, P. Harmanec, J. Budaj, F. Baron, J. D. Monnier, et al. "Physical properties of β Lyrae A and its opaque accretion disk." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832952.
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Mass exchange and mass loss in close binaries can significantly affect their evolution, but a complete self-consistent theory of these processes is still to be developed. Processes such as radiative shielding due to a hot-spot region, or a hydrodynamical interaction of different parts of the gas stream have been studied previously. In order to test the respective predictions, it is necessary to carry out detailed observations of binaries undergoing the largescale mass exchange, especially for those that are in the rapid transfer phase. β Lyr A is an archetype of such a system, having a long and rich observational history. Our goal for this first study is to quantitatively estimate the geometry and physical properties of the optically thick components, namely the Roche-lobe filling mass-losing star, and the accretion disk surrounding the mass-gaining star of β Lyr A. A series of continuum visible and NIR spectro-interferometric observations by the NPOI, CHARA/MIRC and VEGA instruments covering the whole orbit of β Lyr A acquired during a two-week campaign in 2013 were complemented with UBVR photometric observations acquired during a three-year monitoring of the system. We included NUV and FUV observations from OAO A-2, IUE, and Voyager satellites. All these observations were compared to a complex model of the system. It is based on the simple LTE radiative transfer code SHELLSPEC, which was substantially extended to compute all interferometric observables and to perform both global and local optimization of system parameters. Several shapes of the accretion disk were successfully tested – slab, wedge, and a disk with an exponential vertical profile – and the following properties were consistently found: the radius of the outer rim is 30.0±1.0 R⊙, the semithickness of the disk 6.5±1.0 R⊙, and the binary orbital inclination i=93.5±1.0deg. The temperature profile is a power-law or a steady-disk in case of the wedge geometry. The properties of the accretion disk indicate that it cannot be in a vertical hydrostatic equilibrium, which is in accord with the ongoing mass transfer. The hot spot was also detected in the continuum but is interpreted as a hotter part of the accretion disk illuminated by the donor. As a by-product, accurate kinematic and radiative properties of β Lyr B were determined.
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Lawson, Sarah J., Cliff S. Law, Mike J. Harvey, Thomas G. Bell, Carolyn F. Walker, Warren J. de Bruyn, and Eric S. Saltzman. "Methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide and acetone over biologically productive waters in the southwest Pacific Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 5 (March 16, 2020): 3061–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3061-2020.
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Abstract. Atmospheric methanethiol (MeSHa), dimethyl sulfide (DMSa) and acetone (acetonea) were measured over biologically productive frontal waters in the remote southwest Pacific Ocean in summertime 2012 during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) voyage. MeSHa mixing ratios varied from below the detection limit (< 10 ppt) up to 65 ppt and were 3 %–36 % of parallel DMSa mixing ratios. MeSHa and DMSa were correlated over the voyage (R2=0.3, slope = 0.07) with a stronger correlation over a coccolithophore-dominated phytoplankton bloom (R2=0.5, slope 0.13). The diurnal cycle for MeSHa shows similar behaviour to DMSa with mixing ratios varying by a factor of ∼ 2 according to time of day with the minimum levels of both MeSHa and DMSa occurring at around 16:00 LT (local time, all times in this paper are in local time). A positive flux of MeSH out of the ocean was calculated for three different nights and ranged from 3.5 to 5.8 µmol m−2 d−1, corresponding to 14 %–24 % of the DMS flux (MeSH ∕ (MeSH + DMS)). Spearman rank correlations with ocean biogeochemical parameters showed a moderate-to-strong positive, highly significant relationship between both MeSHa and DMSa with seawater DMS (DMSsw) and a moderate correlation with total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (total DMSP). A positive correlation of acetonea with water temperature and negative correlation with nutrient concentrations are consistent with reports of acetone production in warmer subtropical waters. Positive correlations of acetonea with cryptophyte and eukaryotic phytoplankton numbers, and high-molecular-weight sugars and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), suggest an organic source. This work points to a significant ocean source of MeSH, highlighting the need for further studies into the distribution and fate of MeSH, and it suggests links between atmospheric acetone levels and biogeochemistry over the mid-latitude ocean. In addition, an intercalibration of DMSa at ambient levels using three independently calibrated instruments showed ∼ 15 %–25 % higher mixing ratios from an atmospheric pressure ionisation chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (mesoCIMS) compared to a gas chromatograph with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (GC-SCD) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). Some differences were attributed to the DMSa gradient above the sea surface and differing approaches of integrated versus discrete measurements. Remaining discrepancies were likely due to different calibration scales, suggesting that further investigation of the stability and/or absolute calibration of DMS standards used at sea is warranted.
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Zhang, Hongwei, Xinghai Ma, and Yanan Yang. "An External Ocean Thermal Energy Power Generation Modular Device for Powering Smart Float." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103747.
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Smart Float is a new multi-modal underwater vehicle, a tool for ocean observation and detection, whose performance is limited by its underwater voyage distance and endurance like most underwater vehicles. The utilization of marine energy provides an ideal way to overcome these limitations. In this paper, an external ocean thermal energy power generation module is developed for Smart Float, which can be used for multiple times of energy storage and power generation and is expected to be further applied to small and medium-sized underwater vehicles. The integration of the proposed device will cause changes in the counterweight characteristic, hydrodynamic characteristic, and heat transfer characteristic of the vehicle, which are deeply analyzed in this study, and adaptive modification solutions are proposed according to the analysis results. Finally, a prototype of Smart Float integrating the proposed device was deployed in the South China Sea to perform a sea trial, to test its performance in thermal energy utilization. According to the results, the device generates 1.341 Wh in a profile diving to 700 m, with the maximum single-profile generation of 1.487 Wh, the average electrical energy of 1.368 Wh, and the hydraulic-to-electric efficiency of about 60% in the power generation stage, which verifies its excellent performance in thermal energy utilization. This study realizes the integration of thermal energy power generation modules into an underwater vehicle for the first time, exploring a new way to improve the endurance and self-sustainability of commercial underwater vehicles.
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Pelletier, E., and S. Maheu. "Cinétique d'accumulation et rétention d'espèces du mercure chez l'étoile de mer Leptasterias polaris: une expérience de transfert trophique à long terme." Revue des sciences de l'eau 9, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705257ar.
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Dans le cadre de travaux sur le rôle des échinodermes dans le cycle biogéochimique de certains métaux traces en milieu côtier, une étude de l'accumulation et de la rétention d'espèces chimiques du mercure a été menée avec l'étoile de mer Leptasterias polaris sur une période de 40 jours. Les étoiles de mer ont été divisées en deux groupes et nourries avec des moules contaminées soit au méthylmercure (MeHg) (14 mg.kg-1), soit au mercure inorganique (13 mg.kg-1). Les résultats montrent une vitesse d'accumulation dans le système digestif de 0,22 mg.kg-1.j-1 pour le Hg inorganique et 0,17 mg.kg-1.j-1 pour le MeHg. Ces vitesses sont 10 à 15 fois moins importantes dans les gonades et l'endosquelette. Pour le Hg inorganique, la charge relative dans les différents organes analysés se fixe après quelques jours et demeure stable jusqu'à la fin de l'expérience. Pour le MeHg, au contraire, cette charge relative passe progressivement du système digestif vers les gonades et l'exosquelette tout au long de l'expérience. Le pourcentage de rétention (%) demeure constant pour le Hg inorganique (51 ± 13%) mais il augmente régulièrement pour le MeHg, atteignant 90-95% vers la fin de l'exposition. L'application d'un modèle cinétique simple, basé sur un processus d'échange ionique, a permis de calculer des constantes de vitesse d'échange entre le digestat et le tissu digestif. Le MeHg s'échange plus vite entre la solution et les sites, mais semble mettre un peu plus de temps à voyager jusqu'aux organes de bioaccumulation. En conclusion, l'étoile L. polaris, par sa taille, sa longévité et sa grande efficacité à digérer tout ce qui est ingéré, semble en mesure de jouer un rôle important à la fois dans la séquestration du MeHg et la remise en solution du Hg inorganique.
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Culea, Mihaela, and Andreia-Irina Suciu. "ROMANIAN TRAVELLERS TO ENGLAND IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. NATIONAL SPECIFICITY IN ION CODRUDRĂGUȘANU’S TRAVEL ACCOUNTS." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 2017): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2017.20.2.5.
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The complexity of the travelling experience cannot be understood outside the scope of culture (see, for instance, Schulz-Forberg 2005) and travelling is thus often discussed in relation to the human being‟s thirst for knowledge, intellectual or spiritual enlightenment, aesthetic refinement, often as a result of cultural contact, interaction, transfer or exchange. The travelling experiences of Romanian travellers to England through the centuries have been inspired by many of these goals. This paper focuses on the travel accounts of a little known Romanian traveller to England in the nineteenth century, namely, writer, teacher, journalist and politician Ion Codru-Drăgușanu (1818–1884). His travel accounts reveal that travelling was perceived as a source of intellectual improvement, maturation, cultural development, interaction and exchange, as a process of gaining knowledge, an experience also counterbalanced by a tourist‟s adventure dominated by curiosity, pleasure and amusement. In order to reveal how this shift takes place and the multi-fold significance of the travelling experience as such, the paper‟s structure combines theoretical data with textual study and seeks to rediscover forgotten personalities of the Romanian culture who made English-Romanian encounters more numerous and productive. Firstly, the paper presents the conceptual distinctions between the term traveller and other related words, such as voyager, tourist, pilgrim, explorer, or migrant. Secondly, it makes a brief overview of travelling in history and of travel writing with the purpose of contextualizing Codru-Drăgușanu‟s travels. Thirdly, the synoptic presentation of the literary background related to travels to and from Romania in the nineteenth century as well as the brief review of the historical and cultural context specific to England in that period assist us in our exploration of the written accounts of travels recorded by CodruDrăgușanu in his Peregrinul transilvan. 1835–1848 (The Transylvanian Traveller. 1835– 1848).
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Besson, Françoise. "Transfert botanique et rencontre des cultures méditerranéennes et atlantiques dans un récit de voyage de N. Scott Momaday en Espagne : "Granada : a Vision of the Unforeseen"." Caliban, no. 58 (December 1, 2017): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/caliban.5278.
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