Journal articles on the topic 'Transfer implementation intentions'

The Secretary of State's amendments to the Gloucestershire structure plan served to dilute the potentially innovative policy statements with regard to resource dispersal to declining rural areas. This paper is an investigation of the attempts by the county planning authority to persuade other agencies that the diluted approved policy should be interpreted and enacted in the spirit of the more innovative intentions of the draft policy. Evidence is presented of attempts via various mechanisms to transfer institutional values generated at county level to the actions and decisionmaking of other organisations, particularly the district councils. Although some transfers have occurred at policy level, the enactment of policies in most cases has not reflected the intentions of the county authority. Such intentions have been frustrated both by the nature of the institutional culture operating at county level, where prorural dispositions were subject to the higher priorities of financial constraint, and by the fundamental preservation by other agencies of their own (albeit declining) powers of financial allocation. Policy implementation has therefore taken the form of a centrally constrained, low-cost search for visible policy responses which rely increasingly on the resources of the private and voluntary sectors.

In today’s globally competitive and modern environments, organisational future plans often fail due to the lack of succession planning. Literature has shown that in most public services, very little is done to transfer employee skills before they leave the organisation, which largely is attributed to the lack of proper corporate succession planning. This study examined the association between corporate succession planning practices, internal succession barriers and intentions to leave within a public service in South Africa. The study was inspired by the absence of documented evidence of corporate succession planning initiatives, the barriers to succession planning and turnover intentions of employees in the public sector in the South African context. The study is located within a quantitative research paradigm in which a three-section structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 243 public service employees. Two factors; namely, replacement planning and employee development/grooming were extracted using exploratory factor analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that corporate succession planning practices and internal succession barriers are negatively related to intentions to leave in the public service. Regression analysis showed that replacement planning and employee grooming are predictors of intention to quit. The results of the study are significant in that they facilitate the development as well as the effective implementation of succession planning initiatives that enable public services to improve human resource practices and counter any existing barriers to internal succession.

The article has been devoted to theoretical issues of the digital advertising sphere, its tasks and features. The online advertising market development level has been estimated, based on analytical data. Digital advertising is a complex of analytical, technological and supporting tools, which are interconnected directly. It includes a system of methods and tools, which use digital channels to promote a product or brand, attract and retain customers. The main areas of digital advertising are display advertising, banner advertising, video advertising and contextual advertising. Digital advertising is not limited by the Internet, but it uses other communication resources such as television, radio, telephone, direct sales and direct contact. A key feature of digital advertising is its interactivity and formed on its basis analytical resources (consumers, their preferences, products, channels, etc.), that provide personalization. At its core, personalization is the process of understanding the true intentions, desires and needs of a person, as well as the transfer of relevant, targeted and significant experience for that person. In practical terms, this means building and using a customer model and managing customer experience. The article examines the properties of digital advertising and its implementation as a project. The interdisciplinary properties of digital advertising predetermine the cross-subject nature of the training of specialists in digital advertising: marketing and information technology specialists. To illustrate the given theoretical material a real project of digital advertising company for popular among young people food product has been presented. The project goals and concept, its plan and organization of execution, the tools of digital advertising used have been considered: chat bots, mobile version of the site, landing page, gamification, promo codes, CRM system, bloggers, SMM. It has been shown, how the assessment of digital advertising impact activities of the company and the costs of the project were carried out.

In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to the sustainability of products and processes, including activities aimed at environmental protection, site reclamation or treatment of contaminated effluents, as well as the valorization of waste through the recovery of resources. Although implemented with ‘noble intentions’, these processes are often highly invasive, unsustainable and socially unacceptable, as they involve significant use of chemical products or energy. This Special Issue is aimed at collecting research activities focused on the development of new processes to replace the above-cited obsolete practices. Taking inspiration from real problems and the need to face real cases of contamination or prevent potentially harmful situations, the development and optimization of ‘smart’ solutions, i.e., sustainable not only from an environmental point of view but also economically, are discussed in order to encourage as much as possible their actual implementation.

Purpose This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a student participatory approach and assessment to achieve an environmentally friendly behaviour and change strategy. Design/methodology/approach Three time-phase studies employed a participatory and experiential case in the form of ecotourism experiential learning and assessment using a sample of 100 higher education students. Findings The findings suggest that students’ participations through the development, implementation and maintenance of nature-based experiences, combined with professional guides in educating students about sustainable practices has significant and positive effects on pro-environmental behaviour (PEB). The study reveals that social-psychological constructs (except environmental awareness) and socio-demographic variables account for variances in PEB intentions and provides managerial implications for marketers on the use of student participation to enhance behaviour. Practical implications Experiential and guided learning adds value to PEB through performance accomplishments and instrumental support. Social implications The guiding principles of moral norms and acting in favour of the community (general social pressure and the underlying normative beliefs) lead to a higher tendency to perform according to the ideal behaviour. Originality/value This study is the first to use student participation, guided learning, tour guides and experiences to transfer the knowledge of PEB to individuals.

Background. Prospective memory (PM) is essential for productive and independent living and necessary for compliance with prescribed health behaviors. Parkinson disease (PD) can cause PM deficits that are associated with activity limitations and reduced quality of life. Forming implementation intentions (IIs) is an encoding strategy that may improve PM in this population. Objective. To determine the effect of IIs on PM performance in PD. Methods. This was a laboratory-based randomized controlled trial. Participants with mild to moderate PD without dementia (n = 62) performed a computerized PM test (Virtual Week) under standard instructions. One week later they were randomly allocated to perform it again while using either IIs or a rehearsal (RR) encoding strategy. Results. PM performance was better with the use of both strategies relative to standard instructions. This effect was larger for tasks with event-based compared with time-based cues. In addition, IIs resulted in a larger effect than RR for the nonrepeated tasks. Conclusions. Strategies that support full encoding of PM cues and actions can improve PM performance among people with PD, particularly for tasks with cues that are readily available in the environment. IIs may be more effective than RR for nonrepeated tasks, but this finding warrants verification. Future work should address transfer of strategy use from the laboratory to everyday life. Targeted strategies to manage PM impairment could improve function and quality of life and significantly affect clinical care for people with PD.

The article deals with the procedure for certification of a life-support maintenance (care) contract in the law of Ukraine. The author analyzes its theoretical and legal basis, especially the emergence of problems and consequences of such a contract in realization the rights and interests of potential counterparties. The necessity of a notarial certificate of the contract of life maintenance on the basis of duration of the contract and its aleatore character is substantiated. The duties of the notary at the certification of the contract are as follows: clarification of the content of the contract and the value of the project submitted by them; verification of compliance of the content of the draft agreement with the intentions of the parties; establishment of a possible conflict between the draft contract and the requirements of the law. The notarial consultation consists in familiarizing with the rights and obligations of the parties: the alienator and the acquirer. The author described in detail the existing advantages and disadvantages (the problems of functioning) of this type of contract of obligatory law and highlighted the peculiarities of its action on the basis of court decisions and practice. Some problems were associated with the transfer of the real estate property to the acquirer's property, the integrity of contracting parties to the contract, the complexity of taking into account the terms of the agreement by the alienator, the element of the commissioning of the third party agreement and the peculiarities of termination of the contract in the court. The consequences of the implementation and termination of the contract of life maintenance (care) are explained. The author states that this institute of civil law needs more detailed legal regulation. The gaps in legislation on the rights and obligations of the parties are noted.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the evolutionary logic of defining assets and liabilities under the influence of changes in the Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting, the causes, and consequences of these changes in a consistent understanding by developers and practitioners. The evolutionary changes in the definitions of assets and liabilities in the Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting and the reasons that led to these changes have been investigated. The reasons are different interpretations of probability and expected benefits; and asymmetric asset and liability identification. The expediency of interpreting an asset as a current economical resource that is controlled by an entity as a result of past events and the obligation as a current obligation of the entity to transfer an economic resource as a result of past events have been interpreted. Found different formulations of these interpretations encourage a rethinking of past practices and move towards the symmetry of assets and liabilities identification. The new criterion for defining obligatory such as “no practical ability to avoid” complicates the goal of changes because it requires the use of additional valuation judgments in practice. Understanding of the probability threshold before and after changes in asset and liabilities definitions has been examined. It was found that the old asset and liabilities definitions have no bearing on the judgment as to whether the asset existence. Participants use a higher probability threshold in assets recognition than in liabilities recognition. The implications of the changes for a consistent understanding between setters and practitioners have been identified. In particular, new changes in asset and liability definitions improve the implementation of the IASB goals and better align participants' judgments with setters’ intentions. It is established that IFRS is now sufficiently complete to cover virtually all transactions and events within the scope of the direct standard, although it does not exclude the need to use the Conceptual Framework not only by the standards setters but also by experts, auditors, lawyers, scholars and economic students on economic faculties.

Purpose What happens when a librarian outgrows their maker learning location or transfers to a new library? The purpose of this study is to explore the planning process for second and/or new library makerspaces. Is the planning more intentional? Is there more focus on how the makerspace should be put together for the community served? Is the community further involved? This study will explore those questions and more. Design/methodology/approach Using content analysis, the perspectives of practicing librarians in the achievement of subsequent makerspaces are examined. Data include librarian interviews, an analysis using NVivo 11 through the lens of design thinking, and a final review using member checking by each research participant. Findings Makerspaces continue to grow in popularity in school and public/community libraries. What is unexplored is the moving from a first makerspace to the implementation of a second and/or new maker learning location. More intentional planning is involved. The community served by the library is further engaged in the planning. Study results illustrate the value that community insight and intentional planning play in the design and implementation of makerspaces. Originality/value Makerspaces in libraries continue to grow in popularity; in turn, the body of peer-reviewed, scholarly publications also continues to grow. Librarians in the field are beginning to move from their first to second makerspaces. This study investigates those perspectives. Much can be gained from the experiences of those who have implemented their second or third makerspace.

The intention of this paper is to clarify the mechanisms of mixed mode fracture and shear stress transfer in plain concrete. To capture these scarcely explored phenomena, a new mechanical formulation is proposed called the fictitious rough crack model (FRCM). The FRCM considers mode I deformations to control crack formation and residual tensile stress transfer, while mode II deformations are assumed to induce shear stress transfer along the crack surfaces and compressive normal stresses attributed to aggregate interlock. The fundamental idea of the FRCM is to combine these tension-softening and shear-transfer laws and to superimpose the emerging shear and normal stresses of both mechanisms in the crack. The paper illustrates the analytical development of the FRCM and its numerical implementation. Three well-known experimental benchmark problems (concrete panel test series by Nooru-Mohamed and by Hassanzadeh as well as aggregate interlock test series by Paulay and Loeber) are numerically addressed to test plausibility of FRCM results. The numerical implementation of the FRCM is capable of simulating the transition from mode-I fracture to mixed-mode fracture in the structural response and is also able to predict the crack path with reasonable agreement.

Low-power design for test is the need of the hour for any system-on-chip designer. The low-power design techniques have been a major challenge to both the designer as well as the testing engineer. With so many advancements in low-power technology in the phase of register transfer logic design, functional verification, register transfer logic and physical synthesis and physical design. Design for test is not an exception to this. The low-power design-for-test techniques can be applied at various levels of the design-for-test flow as in the scan insertion stage, automatic test pattern generation simulations stage, testing stage, and so on. Some of the reasons for the high-power utilization in the design-for-test phase can be due to the external circuitry being inserted during the design phase and not used in the functional mode. The complete circuit will be active in the test mode only. In this paper, the focus will be primarily on reducing the power during the automatic test pattern generation scan synthesis phase. All the scan flops are connected by a common scan clock with a fixed frequency. The intention of this study is to divide the clock frequency by half and make sure that the power is reduced without affecting any timing violations. Since the scan clock frequency is low, it can be further divided to ensure that power is reduced without affecting the testing process of the chip.

An optimized driving comfort with a low interior noise level is an important intention in the passenger car development process. The interior noise level caused by the dynamic interaction between the rolling tyre and the rough road surface and transmitted via the car-body is a significant component of the entire noise level. To reduce the road induced interior noise, in general, the chassis system has to be optimized. Passive measures often induces a trade-off between vehicle dynamics and driving comfort. To overcome this disadvantage in this paper, the development and realization of an active measure is proposed. For the purpose of active mechanical decoupling, an active control system is developed, the feasibility of the integration is investigated and its noise reduction potential is identified by vehicle tests. In a first step, a classical multi-channel and experimental-based structure-borne transfer path analysis of the full vehicle is realized to determine the dominant transfer paths. The concept for the active mount system (active mounts, multi-channel control system, sensors) is developed and parametrized by system level simulation. Mechanical components and power electronics of the active system are designed, manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Subsequently, the entire active system is integrated into the vehicle. The broadband adaptive feedforward algorithm is extended by certain measures in order to improve robustness and performance. Full vehicle tests are used to quantify the required specifications and the achieved effectiveness of the active vibration control system.

Case studies are vehicles to bridge the gap between science and practice because they provide opportunities to blend observations and interventions that have taken place in real-world environments with scientific rigor. The purpose of this invited commentary is to present considerations for those providing applied sport science support to athletes with the intention of broadcasting this information to the scientific community. The authors present a 4-phased approach (1: athlete overview; 2: needs analysis; 3: intervention planning; and 4: results, evaluation, and conclusion) for scientific support to assist practitioners in the development and implementation of scientific support. These considerations are presented in the form of “performance questions” designed to guide and critically evaluate the scientific support process and aid the transfer of this knowledge through case studies.

This paper proposes a novel method for sports video scene classification with the particular intention of video summarization. Creating and publishing a shorter version of the video is more interesting than a full version due to instant entertainment. Generating shorter summaries of the videos is a tedious task that requires significant labor hours and unnecessary machine occupation. Due to the growing demand for video summarization in marketing, advertising agencies, awareness videos, documentaries, and other interest groups, researchers are continuously proposing automation frameworks and novel schemes. Since the scene classification is a fundamental component of video summarization and video analysis, the quality of scene classification is particularly important. This article focuses on various practical implementation gaps over the existing techniques and presents a method to achieve high-quality of scene classification. We consider cricket as a case study and classify five scene categories, i.e., batting, bowling, boundary, crowd and close-up. We employ our model using pre-trained AlexNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for scene classification. The proposed method employs new, fully connected layers in an encoder fashion. We employ data augmentation to achieve a high accuracy of 99.26% over a smaller dataset. We conduct a performance comparison against baseline approaches to prove the superiority of the method as well as state-of-the-art models. We evaluate our performance results on cricket videos and compare various deep-learning models, i.e., Inception V3, Visual Geometry Group (VGGNet16, VGGNet19), Residual Network (ResNet50), and AlexNet. Our experiments demonstrate that our method with AlexNet CNN produces better results than existing proposals.

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the question of why Ethiopia's post-1991 decentralisation reform is not taking the desired direction of matching diverse needs with available resources and creating accountable, responsive and autonomous regional governments. Given regional governments' relatively diverse socio-economic positions, the intention of the reform to create autonomous regions with devolved administrative, fiscal and political power is appropriate. Nonetheless, the implementation of the elements of the reform – expenditure assignment, revenue assignment, intergovernmental fiscal transfer and sub-national borrowing – is flawed. Existing studies that question the effectiveness of Ethiopia's devolution focus on political or fiscal aspects, and fail to link the de facto centre-region political power relationship with intergovernmental fiscal relations. This article, based on detailed field research in three regional governments, argues that the flawed intergovernmental fiscal relations reform is best explained by the clientelistic relationship between central and regional political parties.

Business activity is exposed to market and individual threats of significant importance for its development. Responsible entrepreneurs should take actions focused on minimizing the impact of risk on the functioning of the organization and achieving market successes. Pilot studies confirmed the preferences of transport sector enterprises to limit potential risks at every stage of their operations. One of the solutions inrisk management is its transfer to the insurer. The purpose of the presented article is to identify the most important problems related to risk in a selected transport company as a basis for preparing aninsurance program ensuring optimal protection. For its implementation, an analysis of the business conditions of the audited entity was conducted, identification and analysis of possible risk was made, and scenarios of optimal protection were implemented through the application of a special risk management mechanism and its transfer to the insurer. The study is a contribution to selected issues and an attempt to present the results of the conducted research at the stage of creating a long-term offer of the insurance program as the protection of the enterprise against risk. The choice of the subject of research was intentional, as the entities providing TSL services are strongly threatened by the occurrence of risk in their operations.

The increasing global demand for energy necessitates devoted attention to the formulation and exploration of mechanisms of thermal heat exchangers to explore and save heat energy. Thus, innovative thermal transport fluids require to boost thermal conductivity and heat flow features to upsurge convection heat rate, and nanofluids have been effectively employed as standard heat transfer fluids. With such intention, herein, we formulated and developed the constitutive flow laws by utilizing the Rossland diffusion approximation and Stephen’s law along with the MHD effect. The mathematical formulation is based on boundary layer theory pioneered by Prandtl. Governing nonlinear partial differential flow equations are changed to ODEs via the implementation of the similarity variables. A well-known computational algorithm BVPh2 has been utilized for the solution of the nonlinear system of ODEs. The consequence of innumerable physical parameters on flow field, thermal distribution, and solutal field, such as magnetic field, Lewis number, velocity parameter, Prandtl number, drag force, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number, is plotted via graphs. Finally, numerical consequences are compared with the homotopic solution as a limiting case, and an exceptional agreement is found.

Recognizing the need for teacher literacy, highly supported by educational research, this work aims to carry out a reflective exercise on the educational potential of gamification mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and its inclusion in the educational curriculum, offering all those aspects that a teacher who wishes to start in the gamification of their subject should know. To do this, following the methodological parameters of the state of the art, the concepts related to the term, such as learning through games or gamification, among others, are reviewed, as well as the features and characteristics of this active methodology and the educational impact it has in students, considering the perspective of different authors and the results of various investigations. Finally, some ICT tools and psychopedagogical guidelines are exposed that facilitate the implementation of gamification in the classroom by teachers. Every literacy process implies reaching the teaching competence level that contributes to the experiential transfer of knowledge to the classroom. With this intention this article has been constructed, wishing that it was inspiring and that it promoted the teaching methodological change.

Infrastructure development stands out among the prime goals of an economy’s social and economic trajectory. Being a major driving force of wellbeing, economic growth strongly depends on infrastructure. An increase in capital investments in infrastructure has a comprehensive positive effect on an economy. Public-private partnership (PPP) is of particular importance for an efficient economic development strategy, especially for that of an emerging economy. Providing for sustainable economic growth is a struggle for emerging economies due to a wide spectrum of negative features they possess such as poor governance, corruption and widespread poverty. Involvement of private investment in terms of PPP leads to a decrease in government expenditures. Creating a favorable environment for PPP precedes a rapid increase in the number of private companies willing to compete for those contracts. Hectic competition expedites the establishment of the market economy, which is a reasonable conclusion to an emerging economy. Competing for a tender coerces private parties to generate as innovative approaches as possible in order to win. Maintaining a constantly increasing share of innovative activity in constructing and operating infrastructure is a viable opportunity to make a highly urbanized area gain a momentum towards more sustainable environment. Being a means of promoting green and smart technologies, PPP enables expediting integration into the global economy. Encouraging PPP facilitates globalization. Widespread utilization of PPP contracts in governmental procurement transfers risks related to construction and maintenance of infrastructure to private parties. Sustaining a creditworthy institutional and regulatory environment mitigates high sensitivity of PPP to crisis and derivative events. Ukraine is highly likely to significantly benefit from PPP. Considering Ukraine’s strong intention to integrate into the European Union, PPP may help to boost infrastructure development. It is recommended for Ukraine to follow the principle of reciprocate motivation in order to succeed in establishing an efficient mechanism of PPP development.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate if a manufacturing concept such as total productive maintenance (TPM) can be copied from one location to another. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative data were gathered from a single case. This includes interviews, participatory observation and document collection. Findings – The authors present a company with an intention to make a pure copy from one location to another, and with identical technology, production equipment, owners, customers and products, the conditions for copying should thus be as sufficient as possible. However, several minor adjustments led to a translated version showing better results than the original. Research limitations/implications – The paper provides a deep understanding of a unique case, but should be supplemented with more data in order to reach general conclusions. The main theoretical contribution is to develop an understanding of translation processes different from copying concepts by expanding models of change and transfer from a purely planned perspective to explaining success through the unplanned change of organizational vehicles better fit to the intended tools and techniques. Practical implications – Many companies struggle with implementing total productive maintenance, and implementation and translation aspects are lacking in the literature. The paper provides an understanding on how TPM-practice was changed and adjusted when travelling from one location to another within the same company. Originality/value – Few case studies on TPM and implementation have been described. The authors show in detail how minor adjustments led to wider changes, arguing that a pure copy is not possible. By including institutional theory focusing on translation, new insight on implementation of TPM is provided.

Abstract Supplementing well recognised practical models of project and construction management, based on probabilistic and fuzzy events may make possible to transfer the weight of the change and extra orders assessment from the qualitative form to a quantitative one. This assessment, however, is naturally burdened with an immeasurable, subjective aspect. Elaboration of probability of occurrence in a construction project unforeseen building works requires application (in addition to the non-measureable, qualitative criteria) of measurable (quantitative) criteria which still appear during construction project implementation. In reimbursable engineering contracts, a random event described as an extra, supplementary building work has a random character and occurs with a specific likelihood. In lump sum contracts, on the other hand, such a random event has a fuzzy character and its occurrence is defined in a linear manner by the function of affiliation to the set of fuzzy events being identical with unforeseen events. The strive for quantitative presentation of criteria regarded by nature as qualitative and the intention to determine relations between them led to the application of the fuzzy sets theory to this issue. Their properties enable description of the unforeseen works of construction projects in an unambiguous, quantitative way.

The benefits of land in human life today are very important, because land can be used as a place to live, for gardening, and can be used for investment, for example leasing or transferring property rights to meet their daily needs. The transfer of property rights is carried out by means of a sale and purchase system, the legal basis is Article 26 of the Basic Agrarian Law, although it does not specifically determine the sale and purchase but describes the transfer or transfer which can be interpreted as a legal event that was deliberately agreed to with the intention of transferring land rights to a debtor who can be said to be a buyer by way of exchange, or by means of a will. The agreement for the transfer of title to land should be put in a written form and must be in accordance with the provisions in which the deed of sale and purchase of land rights must be worked out and legalized by the authorized official, namely PPAT. The certificate made or issued by the PPAT becomes strong evidence in court, because the agreement was made in advance of the PPAT and witnessed by 2 people. The research objective of this journal is to find out how the buyer protects the cancellation of the land sale and purchase deed that was sued by the defendant's stepmother as contained in the Supreme Court Judgment on Reconsideration No. 337 PK / Pdt / 2015. The research in this journal uses empirical research where it starts from a gap between the prevailing norms and the reality of its implementation in society. Then the conclusion of this study which is based on the Supreme Court Reconsideration Decision No. 337 PK / Pdt / 2015, which states that the seller must return the money and interest, to be used by the buyer to buy the land, and vice versa, the buyer must return the land it has bought from the seller. Before selling the land, the seller should have previously negotiated with all members of his family, so that neither party would suffer losses and sue for legal action, because the buyer is in a disadvantaged position

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEPs) typically utilize a synchronous approach to identify targets (i.e., after preset time periods the system produces command outputs). Hence, users have only a limited amount of time to fixate a desired target. This hinders the usage of more complex interfaces, as these require the BCI to distinguish between intentional and unintentional fixations. In this article, we investigate a dynamic sliding window mechanism as well as the implementation of software-based stimulus synchronization to enable the threshold-based target identification for the c-VEP paradigm. To further improve the usability of the system, an ensemble-based classification strategy was investigated. In addition, a software-based approach for stimulus on-set determination is proposed, which allows for an easier setup of the system, as it reduces additional hardware dependencies. The methods were tested with an eight-target spelling application utilizing an n-gram word prediction model. The performance of eighteen participants without disabilities was tested; all participants completed word- and sentence spelling tasks using the c-VEP BCI with a mean information transfer rate (ITR) of 75.7 and 57.8 bpm, respectively.

The article is devoted to the study of the tactical-operational corpus used to reproduce the content of the academic discourse from English and Chinese into Ukrainian. The notions “translation strategy”, “translation tactics”, “translation operation” are specified. The translation strategy in the context of translating academic correspondence is associated with the program aimed at the implementation of translation activities, which is formed on the basis of the translator’s interest in the quality of translation in terms of formal and informal-cooperative (non-conflict) relations between individuals and / or legal entities (to start, maintain and finish mutual activities according to the established educational and / or economic standards) as well as provides for a constructive exchange of information (to receive, provide, request, process the necessary information). The translation tactics in the designated format are identified as an integrated set of translation operations performed within the implementation of the chosen translation strategy; the translation operation is understood as a translator’s specific action undertaken while reproducing the authentic text in the target language. The tactical and strategic construct used when reproducing the content of English and Chinese academic correspondence in the Ukrainian language has been characterized. The strategy of communicatively equivalent translation is determined as the leading one in terms of the implementation of the communicative intention of the author (the person who creates the original text) in the target language. The correspondence of the applied translation tactics when dealing with the designated strategy has been analysed, these tactics being highlighted: the tactics of cognitive information transfer, the tactics of linguocultural text adaptation, the tactics of stylistic text adaptation, the tactics of correct information framework and the tactics of reproducing formal structural characteristics of the text. The author specifies the criteria for assessing the adequacy of the translation of the discourse under study, which guarantee a correct understanding of the sender’s goal in the target language (adequate (good translation); satisfactory translation; inadequate (bad translation)).

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine and reflect on the mobility of ideas between multinational corporation (MNC) headquarters and subsidiaries. Does it always represent (positively perceived) knowledge transfer or can it sometimes constitute (negatively perceived) intra-corporate plagiarism? What are antecedents and consequences of negatively perceived mobility of ideas? Design/methodology/approach The authors conceptualise inter-unit knowledge transfer in MNCs without recognition of originators as an act of intra-corporate plagiarism. The conceptualisation is informed by theoretical perspectives in the literature and indicative data emerging unexpectedly from a study designed to examine knowledge transfer in MNCs. These illustrate the concept, point to factors affecting the propensity to plagiarise, and provide preliminary insight on both negative and positive consequences. Aiming to build theory, the authors offer propositions for further research. Findings The conceptualisation suggests that adopting units lose access to the original sources of ideas as plagiarism victims may establish defensive strategies. Originators of ideas may experience loss of trust, be unsupportive of implementation and erect barriers to future mobility. There is risk of reputation loss and rejection of ideas and practices from other units. However, the conceptualisation also suggests that, ironically and counterintuitively, plagiarism may increase the mobility of ideas within MNCs. Research limitations/implications The authors do not test hypotheses and make no claims from the data about statistical validity or prevalence of the phenomenon. As the emergent data are not longitudinal, and specific to human resource management practices, the authors cannot empirically establish all antecedents and consequences of intra-corporate plagiarism. Hence, the theorisations primarily rely on perspectives in the literature. The study merely offers the theoretical conceptualisation of the phenomenon and propositions for future research. Practical implications Drawing on theoretical perspectives in the literature at the country level (ethnocentrism, dominance effects, legitimacy, capability) and organisation level (not-invented-here syndrome, micro-politics), the study indicates consequences that MNCs may wish to consider in their knowledge management. Originality/value The first contribution is the conceptualisation of inter-unit knowledge transfer in MNCs without recognition of originators as an act of intra-corporate plagiarism. Second, the authors point out that knowledge transfer directionality reported in other research may be based on intentional or unintentional misrepresentation. Third, the authors theorise intra-corporate plagiarism as potentially useful in mitigating ethnocentrism, country-of-origin dominance effects and perceptions about legitimacy and capability.

Due to the urgent need for water in all parts of industrial or developing societies, water supply, and transmission facilities are suitable targets for biological risks. Given that even a short interruption in water supply and water supply operations has a great impact on daily activities in the community, the deliberate contamination of urban water resources has irreparable consequences in the field of public health, and the economy of society will follow. Unfortunately, most officials in the public health control departments in our country have received limited training in detecting accidental or intentional contamination of water resources and dealing with the spread of waterborne diseases both naturally and intentionally. For this reason, there is low preparedness in the responsible agencies to deal with waterborne diseases during biological risks. In the first step of this research, a review study has been conducted on water biological risks and operational strategies to deal with them. In the following, it has studied how Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria spread in aqueous media. In this regard, the kinetic model of the studied microorganism was analyzed based on the implementation of (Fick Law) in polar coordinates and the combination of (Dirac Distribution) with (Legendre polynomial) distribution. Finally, after studying the factors affecting the microbial pollutant emission coefficient, the effects of all three factors of linear velocity, linear motion time period, and angle of motion on the pollutant emission flux and biofilm diffusion time in the water supply network environment were investigated. Studies have shown that the linear velocity parameter of Escherichia coli with a nonlinear relationship has the greatest effects on the release of microbial contaminants.

The study explored the 3D numerical solution of an unsteady Ag-MgO/water hybrid nanofluid flow with mass and energy transmission generated by a wavy rotating disc moving up and down. The nanofluid is generated in the context of Ag-MgO nanomaterials. Magnesium oxide and silver nanoparticles have been heavily reported to have broad-spectrum antibacterial operations among metal oxides and metals. Silver nanoparticles are without a doubt the most commonly used inorganic nanoparticles, with numerous innovations in biomaterial’s detection and antimicrobial operations. However, in current paper, the intention of the analysis is to boost thermal energy transmitting rates for a range of industrial implementations. When compared to a flat surface, energy transition is increased up to 15% due to the wavy swirling surface. The problem has been formulated as a system of PDEs, which included the Navier Stokes and Maxwell equations. Following that, the modeled equations are reduced to a dimensionless system of differential equations. The derived equations are then solved numerically using the Parametric Continuation Method (PCM). The findings are displayed graphically and debated. The geometry of a spinning disc is thought to have a positive impact on velocity and heat energy transfer. The insertion of nanostructured materials (silver and magnesium-oxide) increased the carrier fluid’s thermal properties considerably. It is more effective at dealing with low energy transmission.

AbstrakKeberhasilan pencegahan penularan penyakit menular seksual (PMS) tidak hanya tergantung pada pemerintah/tenaga kesehatan dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM) yang peduli dengan kasus ini saja, tetapi partisipasi aktif dari kelompok yang mempunyai resiko tinggi tertular (Pekerja Seks Komersial) sangat memegang peran penting. Oleh karena itu mengikut sertakan kelompok resiko tinggi dalam kegiatan pencegahan PSM perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas model terapi kelompok (intensive problem solving group) dalam meningkatkan perilaku seks yang sehat. Desain penelitian ini adalah Pra Eksperimental, jenis pretest-postest design. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 orang PSK yang terbagi menjadi dua group, masing - masing group terdiri dari 10 orang. Setiap group mendapat intervensi tiga kali terapi kelompok pada subyek yang sama. Setelah dilakukan penelitian dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik paired t - test, hipotesis penelitian diterima ada perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap dan prilaku sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan terapi kelompok pada pekerja seks komersial. Model terapi kelompok sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah penularan PMS pada kelompok beresiko. AbstractThe success of preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) not only depends on a well-organised collaboration among government, health professionals and NGOs but also active participation of group with high risk, including commercial sex workers (CSWs), on the transfer of STDs. Involving this high risk group is crucial on preventing STDs transmission. Determining the effectiveness of Group Therapy Model (GTM) through an intensive problem solving group on promoting healthy sexual behavior was the intention of this study. The variables are knowledge, attitude and practice STDs. It is a pre-experimental study using Pretest-Post test type design. The samples involving 20 CSWs devided into two groups of 10 CSWs for each. Each group was intervened three times with GTM on the same subject. Statistical analysis using paired t-test, conclusion of accepting the research hypothesis. There is significant difference of knowledge, attitude and practices on STDs before and after the implementation of GTM among the CSWs. It is, therefore, adviced to consider GTM on preventing the transmission of STDs among high-risk groups.

According to UN forecasts, by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world’s population will live in cities. Urban and rural areas are evolving and their evolution are based on wide use of broadband Internet systems, cloud computing platforms, geoinformation and geo-positioning systems, high-load computing clusters, wireless telecommunications, “Internet of Things” systems and other technological and information innovations. With the increasing complexity and cohesion of urban systems, the cost of management decisions - and the associated cost of decision errors - has increased significantly. The time for deciding has on the contrary decreased. Incoming data may be deliberately inaccurate, unreliable, clogged with random and intentional interference. And in many cases, it is the management decision that is a critical factor for development and proper functioning of the urban system especially in the context of the formation of a smart city infrastructure. The paper studies use cases of artificial intelligence systems (AI) for processing big data and decision support as a solution to the problems listed above. Use of AI systems allow collecting and cleaning data to obtain a reliable information landscape of the urban systems. Further, on the basis of the obtained picture, AI systems can be used for operational analysis and response to emerging crisis situations, for analyzing the medium-term perspective and balancing the optimal use of urban resources, for long-term planning of the urban environment development. Currently, according to experts, there are two main strategies for the development of information systems - vertical and horizontal. The article analyzes the possibility of applying these two strategies to the use of AI in an urban environment. Using the example of the implementation experience (ET City Brain), on the one hand, conclusions can be drawn about the long-term benefits of such an implementation, on the other, about the risks associated with "vendor lock-in" and the associated problems. One of the biggest risks is the subsequent monopolization of the management system, which transfers part of the power from city structures to the owners of the information system, who, in such conditions, gain the right to vote and leverage on municipalities. It is shown that maximal use of open data and open source software solutions are the most beneficial from the point of view from the point of view of the city and urban systems as stakeholders in the formation of a smart city.

The article reveals the theoretical basis for the development of the concept of «membership in organizations». In sociology, the term "membership" is used in a broad (member of society) and narrow (member of a formal organization) sense. At the level of professional, totalitarian and bureaucratic organizations as social segments, membership is modified as «belonging status», organizational identity, subordination and involvement. Certain value principles are revealed, the formal implementation of which is guarded by the statute and the oath. Organizations decide, on the one hand, on the acquisition and termination of membership, and on the other on the transfer of members to various positions in the organization. Acquisition of membership turns the individual into a component of staff, which becomes the object of organizational decisions. The macro-sociological concepts of F.Tönnies, M.Duverger, T.Parsons, M.Olson present membership as a formal-bureaucratic procedure with limited and open access. Admission to the group, the organization is a preliminary investigation and establishment of the ethical value of the applicant and receipt after testing and testing of the approbation as a «full». Joining the organization or gaining membership in it is a complex procedure of social cooperation, mutual consent. You can join a closed organization only after a long probationary period and serious recommendations from the responsible guarantors, even passing an examination and filtration commission, providing evidence of sincerity and firmness of intention. There are groups with limited and open access, but the process of joining and leaving the group is determined by the nature of the goal that the group wants to achieve, not by some characteristics of membership. Thus, pressure groups (lobbying organizations) attract participants partly through subtle forms of coercion, and partly through the provision of selective incentives (legal and financial advice, advocacy of members of associations before the judiciary and law enforcement agencies). With the acquisition of membership in one organization, the individual receives formal isolation from a member of another organization. Members of a particular organization can be recognized by symbols (flag, emblem, slogan, etc.). Any organization can set its own restrictions or qualifications: age, availability of written recommendations, entrance fees. Active participation in membership not only deepens the experience of the individual and expands the potential of the organization, but expands its influence within the community, involving a wider segment of the community in organizational activities.

Purpose This empirical paper aims to assess how social media can foster workplace learning within a globally dispersed project environment. In general, there are few studies on the use of social media in organizations, and many of these emphasize on issues related to knowledge transfer. Although learning traditionally has been as acquisition of knowledge, increasingly researchers point to learning-as-participation occurring through work collaboration. Social media promise increased opportunities for communication and collaboration, extending the context of collaboration beyond the local setting. However, there exists limited research on how social media can foster workplace learning, for example, between globally dispersed colleagues. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on an exploratory, in-depth single case study of an international professional service firm’s implementation of an internal wiki system to address the research question: how are social media utilized in an organization to foster workplace learning among its dispersed individual experts? Data are gathered in 35 semi-structured interviews, as well as documents studies and observations. Data are coded and analyzed utilizing the context and learning factors of workplace learning. Findings The paper shows how the wiki system enables hybrid knowledge management strategies linked to virtual collaboration on daily project tasks, involving documentation, search, interaction and knowledge exchange, as well as socialization and learning from practice among dispersed groups and individuals. The learning mechanisms involved in virtual collaboration do not differ much from what is reported on face-to-face workplace learning, however, the context factors are extended beyond the local setting. Practical implications The findings identify four determinants for using the wiki that can be of use to other organizations implementing similar virtual collaboration technology. First, the wiki must directly relate to the daily work by offering interactive and updated information concerning current project challenges. Second, the system must enable transparency in the daily project work to allow search. Third, the intention with the search is of lesser degree to identify encyclopedic information than it is to visualize individual competence. Fourth, the quality assurance of the data posted at the wiki is important. Originality/value The study reveals how an international knowledge-based organization can utilize social media to leverage knowledge and experiences from multiple geographically dispersed projects by enabling virtual collaboration. Extant empirical research on workplace learning emphasizes on face-to-face interactions in groups, for example, when engineers, or accountants, in teams interact and collaborate at client premises. However, there exists limited knowledge concerning how workplace learning can be achieved through virtual collaboration.

The article clarifies the specifics and peculiarities of communicative-speaking competence as the key tool of university teachers’ professional communication. The empirical research revealing development of speech communicative means and their influence on professional self-fulfilment is summarised. Peculiarities of the modern linguistic politics are also analyzed. The article reveals the essence of three present-day specific conflicts in the field of speech communication, which are related to losses by young generations of linguistic landmarks, violations of ethical aspects of speech communication, dependence on cyberspace, disappearance of understood boundaries between reality and virtuality. Teachers’ professional work is usually accompanied by professional communication, determined by work goals and providing speech-mediated interactions of communicating actors at professional task solving. This is the main means of teachers’ work that cannot be replaced by some other means and practical activities cannot be performed without it. As for its content, such communication is connected with goals and objectives of their professional work: professional training of students as future specialists and social actors. By its nature, professional communication is a specific activity: “activity in activity”. The key means of its implementation is communicative-speaking competence of communicating actors. In the broad sense, communicative-speaking competence is specialists’ integral ability to use verbal interactions; it is a defining psychological tool for their communicative-speaking activities. The article states that communicative-speaking competence is a leading constituent in teachers’ professional competence because of its importance for social practice and its pedagogical significance for establishing of effective and psychologically equal interactions between teachers and their students. The model of communicative-speech competence, created by us during researching, unites three main groups of skills and abilities: communicative-speaking, social-perceptual and interactive, which are its main structural components. They are characterized by a number of characteristics: they are self-consistent, interdependent and hierarchically organized. As communicative means creating a psychic link between interlocutors, they are of a communicative nature as for their content and form. Communicative-speaking competence also has three integral characteristics determining quality of university teachers’ professional interactions: didactic intention, creative orientation and pedagogical flexibility. The notion on “professional speaking” or “professional language”, proposed by O.O. Leontiev, means that a teacher possesses thesaurus common with other communicants (a similar system of language, concepts, semantic meanings); has correct, figurative, emotional, stylistically determined speech; corresponding facial expressions, gesticulation, kinetics; numerous verbal and non-verbal strategies and tactics, united in the communicative aspect of interactions. Such “professional language” of a specialist in science and education means professional interactions between teachers and students and it is implemented as an intellectual creative activity associated with “intellectual” communication and including “emotional intelligence”. “Intellectual” verbal communication within the educational process means economical, but complete and systematic, transfer of knowledge from its carriers to future specialists. The performed research has determined regularities and peculiarities of communicative-speaking competence of professionals in sociological sciences depending on a number of objective and subjective factors: specialists’ ages, their personality, general and special education, compulsory nature of interactions, constant training, a degree of taking into account of modern requirements to a specific profession and, finally, a type of their leading activity.

BackgroundHospital settings have an important impact on children harmed by parents and carers. Concern arises from the capacity of these settings to respond effectively to individual needs despite increased NHS policy awareness and actions on safeguarding. Patient safety initiatives have rarely modelled in detail the social and cultural dynamics of child health settings and children’s safeguarding. This study is focused on supporting and evaluating clinician-led service design in an acute trust. A suite of initiatives and artefacts has been designed, based on sociotechnical principles, on the premise that only a thorough understanding of human, social and organisational challenges will afford effective solutions.ObjectivesThe study addresses the following primary question: ‘Can a safeguarding culture be designed within the hospital environment that will provide the conditions for the detection of children at risk of abuse and support protective actions before discharge, including collaboration with external agencies?’ Objectives include the development of a sociologically rich understanding of why diagnostic failures and communication breakdowns occur; the design of a suite of integrated interventions for promoting a positive safety culture, following a user-centred approach; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of this package, including its generalisability across sites.DesignThe study took place in two sites: the primary site where the initiatives were developed and a further site with the original intention of transferring developments. The investigation follows a broaddesign scienceapproach. The evaluation of a design intervention relies on a rigorous understanding of the realities of everyday practice, and the study thus draws on mixed methods to examine the impact of service redesign on cultures and practices.FindingsThe data suggest that safeguarding children can become mainstream patient safety business. Board support is vital. In our primary site, there has been a steady integration of learning from serious case reviews and other child protection-related processes with ‘patient safety’-related incidents, with growing recognition that similar systemic issues impact on both domains. Making use of a familiar vocabulary to redescribesafeguardingas asafetyissue, and thus as something fundamental to the functions of an acute hospital, has been part of the success. The data suggest that persistence, resilience and vigilance from the safeguarding leadership and executive teams are crucial. Current policy includes the development of the Child Protection Information Sharing project, which is intended to improve information flow between the NHS, particularly hospitals and children’s social care. The findings from this study suggest the importance of good design, piloting, incrementalism and a thorough empirical engagement with everyday practices during implementation of this and any future information systems based reform.ConclusionsSafeguarding takes place in a complex system and even minor changes within any part of that system can impact on the rest in unpredictable ways. It is important that managers adopt a ‘design attitude’ and seek to mitigate unintended consequences through careful experimentation. The findings suggest the need for the design of systems to enhance communication and not simply to ‘share information’. Technological solutions impact on everyday decision-making and can have unintended consequences. Attention to forces of change and stasis in health settings, the factors affecting technology transfer and the impact of the configuration of local authority services are suggested as a key priorities for future research.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the effect of two guided self-administered interventions on psychological distress in women undergoing IVF or ICSI? SUMMARY ANSWER A brief mindfulness intervention significantly reduced depression and improved sleep quality, while the gratitude journal intervention showed no significant effect on any outcome variables. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mindfulness and gratitude journal interventions have been found to be beneficial in reducing negative affect and improving well-being. However, there are very few mental health professionals who implement such interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, two guided self-administered interventions for women with infertility were designed to help them cope with their psychological distress. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A three-armed, randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the mindfulness and gratitude journal interventions for women undergoing IVF/ICSI. Between May 2016 and November 2017, at the reproductive center in a public hospital, 234 women were randomly assigned to the brief mindfulness group (BMG, n = 78), gratitude journal group (GJG, n = 78) or control group (CG, n = 78). The inclusion criteria were being a woman undergoing her first cycle of IVF, having at least junior middle school education and having no biological or adopted children. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Female infertility patients (n = 346) were approached, and 112 did not meet the inclusion criteria. All three randomized groups completed questionnaires on the day of down-regulation (T1), the day before embryo(s) transfer (T2), and 3 days before the pregnancy test (T3). The BMG completed four sessions and listened to a 20-minute audio daily, including guided mindfulness breathing and body scan. The GJG completed four sessions and wrote three gratitude journals daily. The CG received routine care. A generalized estimating equation was used in an intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome was depression. Secondary outcomes were anxiety, sleep quality, infertility-related stress, mindfulness and gratitude. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Participants of the BMG showed decreased depression (mean difference (MD) = −1.69, [−3.01, −0.37], d = 0.44) and improved sleep quality (MD = −1.24, [−1.95, −0.39], d = 0.43) compared to the CG, but the effect was not significant for anxiety, Fertility Problem Inventory totals, mindfulness, gratitude scores or pregnancy rates. The BMG showed a significant reduction in depression and improvement in sleep quality between T1 and T2, a continuous significant reduction between T1 and T3 and no reduction between T2 and T3. There were no significant effects on any of the variables for the GJG. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The inclusion criteria may result in bias because some participants with low education were excluded and only women with infertility were included. A low compliance rate occurred in the gratitude journals group. Moreover, men were not included in this study. Further research should consider including spouses of the target population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The brief mindfulness intervention was beneficial in decreasing depression and improving sleep quality. Implementation of guided self-administered mindfulness could make the psychological counseling service more accessible for patients with infertility in resource-poor settings. The efficiency and feasibility of the gratitude journal intervention needs to be investigated further. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the National Social Science Foundation (17BSH054). The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-IOR-16008452. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 9 May 2016 DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT 15 May 2016.

BackgroundAsthma control is suboptimal, resulting in quality of life (QoL) impairment and costs. Breathing retraining exercises have evidence of effectiveness as adjuvant treatment, but are infrequently used.ObjectivesTo transfer the contents of a brief (three-session) physiotherapist-delivered breathing retraining programme to a digital versatile disc (DVD) and booklet format; to compare the effectiveness of the self-guided intervention with that of ‘face-to-face’ physiotherapy and usual care for QoL and other asthma-related outcomes; to perform a health economic assessment of both interventions; and to perform a process evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods.DesignParallel-group three-arm randomised controlled trial.SettingGeneral practice surgeries in the UK.ParticipantsIn total, 655 adults currently receiving asthma treatment with impaired asthma-related QoL were randomly allocated to the DVD (n = 261), physiotherapist (n = 132) and control (usual care) (n = 262) arms in a 2 : 1 : 2 ratio. It was not possible to blind participants but data collection and analysis were performed blinded.InterventionsPhysiotherapy-based breathing retraining delivered through three ‘face-to-face’ respiratory physiotherapist sessions or a self-guided programme (DVD plus our theory-based behaviour change booklet) developed by the research team, with a control of usual care.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was asthma-specific QoL, measured using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Secondary outcomes included asthma symptom control [Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)], psychological state [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)], hyperventilation symptoms (Nijmegen questionnaire), generic QoL [EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D)], assessments of airway physiology (spirometry) and inflammation (exhaled nitric oxide) and health resource use and costs. Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months post randomisation. Patient engagement and experience were also assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods.ResultsPrimary efficacy analysis was between-group comparison of changes in AQLQ scores from baseline to 12 months in the intention-to-treat population with adjustments for prespecified covariates. Significant improvements occurred in the DVD group compared with the control group [adjusted mean difference 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 0.44;p < 0.001] and in the face-to-face physiotherapy group compared with the control group (adjusted mean difference 0.24, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.44;p < 0.05), with equivalence between the DVD and the face-to-face physiotherapy groups (adjusted mean difference 0.04, 95% CI –0.16 to 0.24). In all sensitivity analyses, both interventions remained significantly superior to the control and equivalence between the interventions was maintained. In other questionnaire outcome measures and in the physiological measures assessed, there were no significant between-group differences. Process evaluations showed that participants engaged well with both of the active interventions, but that some participants in the DVD arm would have liked to receive tuition from a professional. Asthma health-care costs were lower in both intervention arms than in the control group, indicating ‘dominance’ for both of the interventions compared with the control, with lowest costs in the DVD arm. The rate of adverse events was lower in the DVD and face-to-face physiotherapy groups than in the control group.ConclusionsOnly 10% of the potentially eligible population responded to the study invitation. However, breathing retraining exercises improved QoL and reduced health-care costs in adults with asthma whose condition remains uncontrolled despite standard pharmacological therapy, were engaged with well by patients and can be delivered effectively as a self-guided intervention. The intervention should now be transferred to an internet-based platform and implementation studies performed. Interventions for younger patients should be developed and trialled.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN88318003.FundingThis project was primarily funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 53. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Additional financial support was received from Comprehensive Local Research Networks.

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY / ICTY) has indicted Jadranko Prlić, Bruno Stojić, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petković, Valentin Ćorić and Berislav Pušić. Indictees are charged with individual criminal responsibility (Article 7 (1) of the Statute) and criminal responsibility of a superior (Article 7 (3) of the Statute) for crimes against humanity: persecution on political, racial and religious grounds; killing; rape; deportation; inhumane acts; inhumane acts (forcible transfer); inhumane acts (conditions of detention); imprisonment, violations of the laws or customs of war: cruel treatment; cruel treatment (conditions of detention); illegal physical labor; reckless destruction of towns, settlements or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity; destruction or willful damage to institutions dedicated to religion or education; looting of public and private property; unlawful attack on civilians (Mostar); unlawful terrorism of civilians (Mostar); cruel treatment (siege of Mostar), violations of the Geneva Conventions: willful deprivation of life; inhuman treatment (sexual abuse); unlawful deportation of civilians; illegal transfer of civilians; unlawful detention of civilians; inhuman treatment; inhuman treatment (conditions of detention); destruction of large-scale property that is not justified by military necessity, and was carried out illegally and recklessly; confiscation of property that is not justified by military necessity, and was performed illegally and ruthlessly. The trial began on April 26, 2006. The Trial Chamber's judgment of 29 May 2013 concluded that the conflict between the Croatian Army / Croatian Defense Council (HV / HVO) and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) was of an international character. The factual evidence unequivocally showed that HV forces fought together with HVO members against ARBiH, and that the Republic of Croatia exercised general control over the armed forces and civilian authorities of the Croatian Community/Croatian Republic (HZ/HR) of Herceg-Bosna. The Council also found that there was a joint criminal enterprise (JCE) with the ultimate goal of establishing a Croatian entity, partly within the 1939 Croatian Banovina, to enable the unification of the Croatian people. The ultimate goal was the annexation of this area to the territory of the Republic of Croatia in case of disintegration of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (which corresponded to great state claims), or alternatively to make this area an independent state within Bosnia and Herzegovina, closely connected with Croatia. As early as December 1991, members of the HZ Herceg-Bosna leadership (including Mate Boban, president of HZ/HR Herceg-Bosna) and Croatian leaders (including Franjo Tuđman, president of Croatia) assessed that in order to achieve the ultimate goal of establishing a Croatian entity it is necessary to change the national composition of the population in the areas that were calculated to be part of it. JCE participants knew that achieving this goal means removing the Bosniak population from the area of the so-called Herceg-Bosna and that it is in contradiction with the peace negotiations that were held in Geneva. Numerous crimes committed from January 1993 to April 1994 indicate an obvious pattern of behavior where the commission of a crime was the outcome of a plan prepared by JCE participants. The Trial Chamber found that all persons covered by the Indictment made a significant contribution to the implementation of the JCE and that their contribution indicated that they had the intent to pursue a common criminal purpose. Following consideration of the Appeals filed by the Prosecution and the Defense of the Convicts, the ICTY Appeals Chamber issued a final Judgment on 29 November 2017 against Jadranko Prlić, Bruno Stojić, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petković, Valentin Ćorić and Berislav Pušić, declaring them liable for the joint criminal enterprise in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This appellate judgment upheld the convictions handed down by the ICTY Trial Chamber in May 2013. In addition to participating in a joint criminal enterprise, the Appeals Chamber upheld responsibility for killings, persecution on political, racial and religious grounds, deportations, unlawful detention of civilians, forced labor, inhumane acts, inhumane treatment, unlawful and wanton destruction of large-scale property not justified by military necessity, destruction or willful damage to institutions dedicated to religion or education, unlawful attacks on civilians and unlawful terrorism of civilians, and individually for rape and sexual abuse. The verdict confirmed that the participants from Croatia in the joint criminal enterprise were Franjo Tudman, Janko Bobetko and Gojko Šušak. From the presented evidence it was concluded that the leaders of HZ/RHB, including Mato Boban, and the leaders of the Republic of Croatia, including Franjo Tudjman, in December 1991 assessed that the long-term political goal was to achieve the unification of the Croatian people entities, within the borders of the Banovina of Croatia from 1939, it is necessary to carry out “ethnic cleansing” in the territories that were claimed to belong to the HZ/RHB. Evidence confirms that a joint criminal enterprise has been established to achieve the political goal. In this context, it was established that Franjo Tudjman advocated the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croatia and Serbia by annexing part of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia or, if this was not possible, by establishing an autonomous Croatian territory that would be closely connected with Croatia. Prlić, Stojić, Praljak, Petković, Ćorić, and Pušić were convicted of crimes against humanity, violations of the laws or customs of war and grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, specifically murder, willful deprivation of life, persecution on political, racial and religious grounds, deportation, unlawful detention of civilians, forced labor, inhumane acts, inhuman treatment, unlawful and wanton destruction of large-scale property not justified by military necessity, looting and confiscation of public and private property under the third category of liability for participation in JCE destruction or intentional infliction damage to institutions dedicated to religion or education, unlawful attacks on civilians and unlawful terrorism of civilians. In addition, Prlić, Stojić, Petković and Ćorić were convicted of rape and inhuman treatment (sexual abuse). Ćorić was additionally convicted for several crimes for which he is responsible as a superior.

Introduction. Art would always be a great mirror that reflects various historical epochs with their unique philosophical ideals, aesthetic and ethical principles, and the twenty-first century is no exception in this sense. At the same time, a specific feature of contemporary art is the desire to actualize the heritage of past centuries in the conceptual dialogue of cultures remote in time and space – a tendency that belongs to the basic philosophical and aesthetic characteristics of postmodernism as the dominating cultural paradigm of the XXI century. In modern musical art, the actualization of cultural heritage occurs in many ways, among which the most well-known and studied are citation, collage and stylization. All these phenomena are the subject of close attention of musicologists and cultural scientists. It is worth referring to the famous works of U.Eco, F.Jameson, V. Bibler. Of the Ukrainian musicologists who study these phenomena, let’s call D. Ruzhinskaya, O. Protopopova, O. Samoilenko. But music practice constantly generates new phenomena that also require attention. A striking example of the original use of musical material from previous eras is the compositional work of the Canadian virtuoso pianist Marc-Andr&#233; Hamelin. Having received recognition as an outstanding performer, he also created his own recognizable writing style, and his opuses are of undoubted interest for the music community. The objective of this article is to consider the specifics of the postmodern tendency to actualize the cultural heritage of the past and implementation of this intention on the example of the composer creativity by M.-A.Hamelin. This research is based on structural-functional and genre-style methods. The methodological basis is the works of U. Eco, F. Jameson, V. Bibler, dedicated to the philosophical and aesthetic concepts of postmodernism and, especially, the dialogue of cultures, which reflect the problem of interaction of the old and new in modern art. Research results. The compositions by M.-A. Hamelin are presented now by a significant number of piano miniatures, the cycle of “12 Etudes in all minor keys”, by variation cycles and transcriptions. Most of them involve someone else’s thematic material in one way or another. It can be presented as quotations, which, however, are not entered in the original form, but undergo certain changes at the first appearance. One of the ways of the composer’s interpretation of thematicism is to transfer melodies to a new multi-voiced context, which is so different from the original one that a theme is no longer just a new re-harmonization. For example, M.-A. Hamelin’s Toccata is based on the melody of the famous Renaissance song “L’homme arm&#233;” (“The Armed Man”). This work was commissioned as a mandatory piece for the Fifteenth international Van Cliburn piano competition. Using a song theme in the Toccata genre, M.-A. Hamelin accelerates movement not only due to the tempo (molto movimentato, ansioso (ma non senza nobilt&#224;)), but also the relentless movement of the sixteen in the accompaniment, creating the effect of continuous development. The important point in the composer interpretation of the source material is also the “register” transformations of the melody transferring in different octaves. The bright example of reinterpretation of the thematic material of the Renaissance is the variation cycle “Pavane Vari&#233;e” on the theme “Pavane Belle qui tiens ma vie” borrowed from Tuano Arbo’s treatise “Orchesografia”. This work, like the previous one, was written to order: for the ARD International music competition 2014. When presenting the Pavane theme, the composer almost exactly preserves its original appearance, but makes small changes in the harmony that “modernize” the theme. Further development of the theme is based on a significant transformation of its textural and figurative content. The variation cycle as a whole is characterized by a modified harmonic component, thanks to which the Pavane finds itself in atypical conditions, and as if it begins to “talk” in the musical language of impressionism and jazz, as well as gets away on a rather significant distance from the original theme. For example, in variations No. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, only the general outline of the topic is guessed. In addition to the actual themes of past eras, M.-A. Hamelin sometimes uses old musical forms, filling them with new content. Such example is L&#228;ndler III from the collection of plays, which is called “Con intimissimo sentimento”. In this work, the artist imitates the form of an old French couplet Rond&#243;, the peculiarity of which is the thematic similarity between the refrain and the episodes and the immutability of the refrain itself. Precisely following this specific form, M.-A. Hamelin creates a vivid theme for the refrain and develops it in three episodes. At the same time, by its harmonious language, the play approaches to the style of M. Ravel, and is interpreted in an impressionistic character. Conclusions. Referring to the musical heritage of past eras, M.-A. Hamelin covers various historical periods of time. The composer does not limit himself to the use of musical themes, but also refers to early musical forms. Considering the ways of processing themes in the work of M.-A. Hamelin, it is worth highlighting the desire to exhibit the material in a modified form, while the degree of change can be quite different: from a slight modification of the melody and harmony, to a fairly significant change in the harmony and texture of the theme. However, in both cases, the themes are recognizable, and their form is preserved. It is also noteworthy that the Renaissance themes chosen by the author are moved to an atypical virtuoso context, since they are included in the works written to order for music competitions, however, this interpretation gives more freedom for its disclosure in various aspects. When using old forms, M.-A. Hamelin fills them with a new harmonious meaning and combines the various genre elements (such as the features of Landler and Rond&#243;). Through the interaction of forms, genres and harmonic means belonging to different epochs, M.-A. Hamelin’s works possess the effect of a cultural polylogue, which makes it possible to consider retrospection an important feature of his compositional thinking.

International Journal of Innovation - IJI completes 7 yearsInternational Journal of Innovation - IJI has now 7 years old! In this editorial comment, we not only want to talk about our evolution but get even closer to the IJI community. It is our first editorial comment, a new IJI's communication channel. Some of the changes are already described on our website.IJI is an innovation-focused journal that was created to support scientific research and thereby contribute to practice. Also, IJI was born internationally, receiving and supporting research from around the world. We welcome articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish.We have published eight volumes in IJI since 2013, totaling 131 articles. Our journal is indexed in: Dialnet and Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico; Ebsco Host; Erih Plus; Gale - Cengage Learning; Latindex; Proquest; Redalyc; Web of Science Core Collection (Emerging Sources Citation Index), among others. We provide free access “open access” to all its content. Articles can be read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed and / or searched.We want to emphasize that none of this would be possible without the authors that recognized in IJI a relevant journal to publicize their work. Nor can we fail to mention the tireless and voluntary action of the reviewers, always contributing to the articles' improvement and skilling up our journal, more and more.All editors who passed through IJI have a fundamental role in this trajectory. And, none of this would be possible without the editorial team of Uninove. Everyone who passed and the current team. We want to express that our work as current editors of IJI would not be possible without you. Changes in the Intenational Journal of Innovation – IJIAs we mentioned earlier, IJI was born in 2013. And, over time, we are improving its structure always to improve it. In this section, we want to show some changes we made. We intend that editorial comments become a communication channel and that they can help our readers, authors, and reviewers to keep up with these changes.Although IJI is a comprehensive Innovation journal, one of the changes we want to inform you is that now, at the time of submission, the author will choose one of the available topics that best suit your article. The themes are: Innovative Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Learning; Innovation and Sustainability; Internationalization of Innovation; Innovation Systems; Emerging Innovation Themes and; Digital Transformation. Below, we present each theme so that everyone can get to know them:Innovative Entrepreneurship: emerging markets provided dynamic advantages for small businesses and their entrepreneurs to exploit the supply flows of resources, capacities, and knowledge-based on strategies oriented to the management of innovation. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: resources and capabilities that support innovative entrepreneurship; innovation habitats (Universities, Science and Technology Parks, Incubators and Accelerators) and their influences on the development of knowledge-intensive spin-offs and start-ups; open innovation, triple/quadruple helix, knowledge transfer, effectuation, bricolage and co-creation of value in knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship ecosystems; and adequate public policies to support innovative entrepreneurship.Innovation and Learning: discussions on this topic focus on the relationship between learning and innovation as topics with the potential to improve teaching and learning. They also focus on ways in which we acquire knowledge through innovation and how knowledge encourages new forms of innovation. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: innovative projects for learning; innovation-oriented learning; absorptive capacity; innovation in organizational learning and knowledge creation; unlearning and learning for technological innovation; new learning models; dynamics of innovation and learning; skills and innovation.Innovation and Sustainability: discussions on this topic seek to promote the development of innovation with a focus on sustainability, encouraging new ways of thinking about sustainable development issues. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: development of new sustainable products; circular economy; reverse logistic; smart cities; technological changes for sustainable development; innovation and health in the scope of sustainability; sustainable innovation and policies; innovation and education in sustainability and social innovation.Internationalization of Innovation: the rise of developing countries as an innovation center and their new nomenclature for emerging markets have occupied an important place in the international research agenda on global innovation and Research and Development (RD) strategies. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: resources and capabilities that support the internationalization of innovation and RD; global and local innovation and RD strategies; reverse innovation; internationalization of start-ups and digital companies; development of low-cost products, processes and services with a high-value offer internationalized to foreign markets; innovations at the base of the pyramid, disruptive and/or frugal developed and adopted in emerging markets and replicated in international markets; institutional factors that affect firms' innovation efforts in emerging markets.Innovation Systems: regulation and public policies define the institutional environment to drive innovation. Topics include industrial policy, technological trends and macroeconomic performance; investment ecosystem for the development and commercialization of new products, based on government and private investments; investment strategies related to new companies based on science or technology; Technology transfer to, from and between developing countries; technological innovation in all forms of business, political and economic systems. Topics such as triple helix, incubators, and other structures for cooperation, fostering and mobilizing innovation are expected in this section.Emerging Themes: from the applied themes, many emerging problems have a significant impact on management, such as industry 4.0, the internet of things, artificial intelligence or social innovations, or non-economic benefits. Intellectual property is treated as a cognitive database and can be understood as a technological library with the registration of the product of human creativity and invention. Social network analysis reveals the relationships between transforming agents and other elements; therefore, encouraged to be used in research and submitted in this section. The theoretical field not fully developed is not a barrier to explore any theme or question in this section.Digital Transformation: this interdisciplinary theme covers all the antecedents, intervening, and consequent effects of digital transformation in the field of technology-based companies and technology-based business ventures. The technological innovator (human side of innovation) as an entrepreneur, team member, manager, or employee is considered an object of study either as an agent of innovation or an element of the innovation process. Digital change or transformation is considered as a process that moves from the initial status to the new digital status, anchored in the theories of innovation, such as adoption, diffusion, push / pull of technology, innovation management, service innovation, disruptive innovation, innovation frugal innovation economy, organizational behavior, context of innovation, capabilities and transaction costs. Authors who submit to IJI will realize that they now need to make a structured summary at the time of submission. The summary must include the following information:(maximum of 250 words + title + keywords = Portuguese, English and Spanish).Title.Objective of the study (mandatory): Indicate the objective of the work, that is, what you want to demonstrate or describe.Methodology / approach (mandatory): Indicate the scientific method used in carrying out the study. In the case of theoretical essays, it is recommended that the authors indicate the theoretical approach adopted.Originality / Relevance (mandatory): Indicate the theoretical gap in which the study is inserted, also presenting the academic relevance of the discipline.Main results (mandatory): briefly indicate the main results achieved.Theoretical-methodological contributions (mandatory): Indicate the main theoretical and / or methodological implications that have been achieved with the results of the study.Social / managerial contributions (mandatory): Indicate the main managerial and / or social implications obtained through the results of the study.Keywords: between three and five keywords that characterize the work. Another change regarding the organization of the IJI concerns the types of work. In addition to the Editorial Comment and Articles, the journal will include Technological Articles, Perspectives, and Reviews. Thus, when submitting a study, authors will be able to choose from the available options for types of work. Throughout the next issues of the IJI, in the editorial comments, we will pass on pertinent information about every kind of work, to assist the authors in their submissions.Currently, the IJI is available to readers with new works three times a year (January-April; May-August; September-December) with publications in English, Portuguese and Spanish. From what comes next, we will have some changes in the periodicity. Next stepsAs editors, we want the IJI to continue with a national and international impact and increase its relevance in the indexing bases. For this, we will work together with the entire editorial team, reviewers, and authors to improve the work. We will do our best to give full support to the evaluators who are so dedicated to making constructive evaluations to the authors. We will also support authors with all the necessary information.With editorial comments, we intend to pass on knowledge to readers, authors, and reviewers to improve the articles gradually. We also aim to support classroom activities and content.Even with the changes reported here, we continue to accept all types of work, as long as they have an appropriate methodology. We also maintain our scope and continue to publish all topics involving innovation. We want to support academic events on fast tracks increasingly. About the articles in this edition of IJIThis issue is the first we consider the new organization of the International Journal of Innovation - IJI. We started with this editorial comment talking about the changes and improvements that we are making at IJI—as an example, showing the reader, reviewer, and author that the scope remains the same. However, at the time of submission, the author has to choose one of the proposed themes and have a mandatory abstract structured in three languages (English, Portuguese, and Spanish).In this issue, we have a section of perspectives that addresses the “Fake Agile” phenomenon. This phenomenon is related to the difficulties that companies face throughout the agile transformation, causing companies not to reach full agility and not return to their previous management model.Next, we publish the traditional section with scientific articles. The article “Critical success factors of the incubation network of enterprises of the IFES” brings critical success factors as the determining variables to keep business incubators competitive, improving their organizational processes, and ensuring their survival. Another published article, “The sharing economy dilemma: the response of incumbent firms to the rise of the sharing economy”, addresses the sharing economy in terms of innovation. The results of the study suggest that the current response to the sharing economy so far is moderate and limited. The article “Analysis of the provision for implementation of reverse logistics in the supermarket retail” made it possible to observe that through the variables that define retail characteristics, it is not possible to say whether a supermarket will implement the reverse logistics process. And the article “Capability building in fuzzy front end management in a high technology services company”, whose main objective was to assess the adherence among Fuzzy Front End (FFE) facilitators, was reported in the literature its application in the innovation process of a company, an innovative multinational high-tech services company.We also published the article “The evolution of triple helix movement: an analysis of scientific communications through bibliometric technique”. The study is a bibliometric review that brings essential contributions to the area. This issue also includes a literature review entitled “Service innovation tools: a literature review” that aimed to systematically review the frameworks proposed and applied by the literature on service innovation.The technological article “A model to adopt Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Business Intelligence (BI) among Saudi SMEs”, in a new IJI publication section, addresses the main issues related to the intention to use ERPBI in the Saudi private sector.As we mentioned earlier in this editorial, IJI has a slightly different organization. With the new format, we intend to contribute to the promotion of knowledge in innovation. Also, we aim to increasingly present researchers and students with possibilities of themes and gaps for their research and bring insights to professionals in the field.Again, we thank the reviewers who dedicate their time and knowledge in the evaluations, always helping the authors. We wish you, readers, to enjoy the articles in this issue and feel encouraged to send your studies in innovation to the International Journal of Innovation - IJI.

In this mixed-methods study, we examined student and administrator perceptions concerning student-created intellectual property (IP) ownership in the higher education setting. Survey results showed students had low levels of IP-related knowledge and worried that the university might claim ownership of their ideas or class projects. Students also reported inadequate communication from the university concerning IP policy rules and technology transfer processes. Interviews with campus IP administrators about student survey results led us to assert that communication inadequacies are perpetuating misunderstanding between students and university IP ownership intentions. Recommendations include implementation of several proactive communication activities and an IP training program for faculty.

This and the subsequent paper present models developed for determining fuel particle and fuel element temperatures in normal operation and transient conditions in high temperature reactor cores. Multiscale modeling concepts are used to develop the models for both pebble bed and prismatic core types. This paper, Part I, presents the development of the model for pebble bed reactors. Comparison is made with finite element simulations of an idealized “two-dimensional” pebble in transient conditions, and with a steady-state analytical solution in a spherical pebble geometry. A method is presented for determining the fuel temperatures in the individual batches of a multibatch recycle refuelling regime. Implementation of the multiscale and multibatch fuel models in a whole-core computational fluid dynamics model is discussed together with the future intentions of the research program.

Literary xeno-narrative is a text illustrating the experience of interaction with cultural otherness that focuses on contrasting the in-group/out-group categories, with adaptation stress minimization and mental experience transfer as xeno-narrative functions. The author of the xeno-narrative forms the idea of the perfect reader through the implementation of strategies aimed at the recipient. The subjectification strategy of the author’s statement in literary communication is aimed at the reader’s personal acceptance of the author’s meanings in the text and the reader’s emotional involvement and empathy. This process is represented through the lexical and emotionally connotative language tools in xeno-narrative texts and also readers’ reviews corpus. The results of the study indicate the difference in the process of subjectification, understanding of content and the author’s emotional intentions among the readers with different national worldviews. The study is based on the materials of the electronic corpus of English and Russian readers’ reviews of the analysed narrative text. English-speaking readers recorded thematic units typical for the xeno-narrative and showed a high level of empathy to the immigrants’ experience associated with the personal experience of overcoming otherness. Russian-speaking readers drew on the thematic unit associated with intercultural interaction to a lesser extent, focusing on the timeline of growing up.

South Africa has had a policy of competitive tendering for the provision of public transport services (subsidised commuter bus services) since the mid-1980s. Although this policy approach was conceptualised by the previous government, prior to the transfer of political power in 1994, it was reaffirmed in a 1996 White Paper on National Transport Policy. Despite the nearly 25 years that have passed since the intention to tender services, only about 32% of the subsidy budget is currently spent on some form of contracting. The majority of services are still operated on authorisations (interim contracts) which formalised services that operators were operating pre-1994. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the reasons why public transport contracting policy progress has been so slow in South Africa. The paper relies on an extensive study that was conducted regarding policy implementation obstacles in general, as well as a questionnaire survey among the subsidised commuter bus operators to solicit their views on the reasons for the delay in the implementation of the contracting system in the country. The findings of the survey indicate that the major issues hindering the implementation of the contracting system are to be found in a lack of funding, lack of capacity to implement policy and major operational issues in the permit offices.

Realistic traffic flow simulation is possible when the vehicles inside the simulation are able to mimic human driving behavior. In view of this, this paper will discuss the implementation of fuzzy logic inside the Behavior Model framework with the intention to develop intelligent simulated vehicles. This Behavior Model consists of three different units, namely; Vision and Perception, Decision and Motion Control Unit. Vision and Perception Unit acts as the eyes for the intelligent vehicle. Decision Unit will decide the maneuvering decision. Finally, Motion Control Unit will transfer the decision into motion. However, the implementation of fuzzy logic with the integration of fuzzy rules and defuzzification techniques is done in the first and second units. This Behavior Model is controlled by two sets of fuzzy inference systems (FIS) which are free flow vehicles following and changing lanes. The finding of this research shows that the Behavior Model with fuzzy logic is able to create an intelligent vehicle that is able to self-maneuveri inside the traffic flows, realistically.

BACKGROUND: Organizations develop knowledge management (KM) strategies with the intention to leverage knowledge across all functional areas. A knowledge management system (KMS) is used to facilitate KM processes such as the creation, storage, and application of knowledge. However, mere adoption and deployment of KMS do not warrant its effective use to facilitate knowledge-sharing efforts. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the facilitative role of social capital in the use of KMS by considering three social capital dimensions –cognitive (i.e., shared norms), relational (i.e., trust), and structural (i.e., social connectedness). METHODS: A case study strategy was used for this study. A mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative techniques was used to obtain relevant data for analysis. Instruments used to collect the data were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Documents regarding social policy, shared values, and shared goals were also obtained for triangulation purposes. A total of 15 respondents were interviewed while 73 respondents participated in the survey. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants and the survey data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The study found that each of the three dimensions of social capital has a positive and significant relationship with the use of KMS. Specifically, shared norms (i.e., cognitive social capital), trust (i.e., relational social capital), and strong connectedness (i.e., structural social capital) were good predictors of employees’ use of KMS while user attitude and perceived usefulness mediate social capital dimensions in terms of KMS usage for knowledge exchange or transfer in the organization. CONCLUSIONS: The application of social capital theory to KMS context should be a very important consideration by both researchers and practitioners due to the socio-technical nature of KMS and the need to recognize social capital as a mechanism for inducement and opportunity to promote KMS usage for successful knowledge sharing.

Knowledge management (KM) is a complicated process that involves socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization and requires close collaboration among the people involved. Although Nonaka proposed the SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination, Internalization) model and the concept of Ba, which provides a process-oriented view of knowledge creation and transfer, practicing it is rather ad hoc. COVID-19 has provided a chance for practitioners to find a new method for KM. In this study, we adapted a group problem-solving system called TeamSpirit and structured it as a Ba for the SECI model. We then compared TeamSpirit with two other implementations of Ba, email and face-to-face communication, to evaluate their effects on knowledge externalization, knowledge combination, and knowledge internalization. Then, we evaluated whether these knowledge-conversion processes could improve knowledge acquisition and intention to share knowledge. A 3 × 2 mixed factorial design experiment was conducted. The results show that (a) TeamSpirit was better than the others, and face-to-face was better than email for each of the three knowledge conversion processes (externalization, combination, and internalization) and (b) the better the team’s knowledge conversion process lead, the stronger its knowledge acquisition and knowledge-sharing intention.

Summary Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young (HENRY) is a UK community–based early childhood obesity prevention intervention that was adopted and implemented in Israel between 2013 and 2018. The aim of this study was to explore the implementation process in Israel and compare it with that of the ‘parent’ programme in the UK, in order to throw light on the challenges of introducing complex interventions into different countries and cultures. Published reports from HENRY and Haifa University’s evaluation of the Israeli implementation were reviewed and comparisons between the UK and Israel were carried out utilizing the RE-AIM framework. In both countries, the intention was to implement in lower SES communities. When comparing the individual items, Reach and Effectiveness, we found a difference in the Reach although Effectiveness was similar: Reach was proportionally lower in Israel, but parent and professional changes in behaviour were positive in both countries. For the organizational items Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance, we found large differences between the countries. Major challenges identified in Israel included: failing to take adequate account when planning and implementing the intervention of the different ways social and health services are organized and how local authorities are structured and provide services. In addition, differences in culture beyond language and professional variations were challenges, when trying to transfer the intervention with high fidelity from the UK to Israel. Lessons learnt may benefit others in attempting cross-country implementation of complex interventions