Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transesterification'
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Hobson, James E. "Metal alkoxides as transesterification catalysts." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10972/.
Full textDrummond, Graham R. "Novel oilfield polymers via transesterification reactions." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436103.
Full textBalch, Brian Palmer. "Industrial Transesterification of Cultivated Algae for Biofuel." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612548.
Full textLaRue, Kate, Brian Balch, Chris Jabczynski, and Connor Swensen. "INDUSTRIAL TRANSESTERIFICATION OF CULTIVATED ALGAE FOR BIOFUEL." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613238.
Full textMcCullagh, Cindy Marie. "Transesterification in blends of liquid crystalline copolyesters." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1058534808.
Full textTri, Rachmanto. "Monitoring of biodiesel transesterification process using impedance measurement." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4337/.
Full textSanvoisin, Jonathan. "Biotransformations using lipase enzymes in organic solvents." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5647/.
Full textKasim, Farizul Hafiz. "In situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas for biodiesel production." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1788.
Full textCannon, Michael J. "Transesterification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and bisphenol-A-polycarbonate." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2589/.
Full textJebrane, Mohamed. "Fonctionnalisation chimique du bois par transesterification des esters d'enol." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13833/document.
Full textAbstract
Cui, Yi. "BIODIESEL PRODUCTION THROUGH MICROWAVE ASSISTED TRANSESTERIFICATION OF MICROBIAL CELLS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/723.
Full textOgura, Yusuke. "Tandem Transesterification in Polymer Synthesis: Gradient and Pinpoint‐Functionalized Polymers." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225629.
Full textWan, Yussof Wan Mohd Hafizuddin. "Evaluation of heterogeneous quarternary ammonium catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576641.
Full textLiu, Yang. "Making biodiesel from spent coffee grounds through in situ transesterification." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439309836.
Full textFrattini, Lucia. "Synthesis and characterisation of hydrotalcite-like compounds for transesterification reaction." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6542/.
Full textKheirabadi, Mahboubeh. "Inside-out design and synthesis of spiroligomers for transesterification reactions." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/304046.
Full textPh.D.
This work describes the application of spiroligomers as serine hydrolases mimetics. Through collaboration with Kendall Houk's group, for the first time in the Schafmeister lab, we demonstrate that "theozymes" can be successfully used as models to design highly functionalized spiroligomer constructs for organocatalysis. We demonstrate a structure-function relationship between the structure of a series of bi-functional and tri-functional spiroligomer based transesterification catalysts and their catalytic activity. First, we designed and synthesized a series of stereochemically and regiochemically diverse bi-functional spiroligozymes to identify the best arrangement of a pyridine as a general base catalyst and an alcohol nucleophile to accelerate attack on vinyl trifluoroacetate as an electrophile. The best bifunctional spiroligozyme reacts with vinyl trifluoroacetate to form an acyl-spiroligozyme conjugate 2.7x103-fold faster than the background reaction with benzyl alcohol. We then incorporated an additional urea functional group to activate the acyl-spiroligozyme intermediate through hydrogen bonds and enable acyl transfer to methanol. The best trifunctional spiroligozyme carries out multiple turnovers and acts as a transesterification catalyst with k1/kuncat of 2.2x103 and k2/kuncat of 1.3x102. Quantum mechanical calculations identified four transition states in the catalytic cycle and provided a detailed view of every stage of the transesterification reaction. With the aim of accelerating the k2, we sought to design better oxyanion holes that hold multiple hydrogen bonding groups in close proximity of the catalytic groups. A macrocyclic motif would be a good candidate to force the oxyanion hole arm to arrange hydrogen-bonding groups in a precise three-dimensional constellation for transition state stabilization. In Chapter 4, we introduce an in silico designed macrocyclic spiroligomer, which overlays well with catalytic active site of an inhibitor bound-esterase. Finally, we detail our effort to develop new methodologies for rapidly synthesizing spiroligomers on solid-support. This would allow us to efficiently permute their structures for diverse applications such as organocatalysts, host molecules, and biologically related applications such as inhibiting protein-protein interactions.
Temple University--Theses
Backson, Sofie Cecilia Ellinor. "Transesterification in mixtures of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate)." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5670/.
Full textAres, Gondra Zaloa. "Study of factors influcencing the quality and yield of biodiesel produced by transesterification of vegetable oils." Thesis, University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6934.
Full textBiofuels are a developing kind of fuel whose origin is biomass. Among them, many different kind of fuels can be found: bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, vegetable oils, biomethanol, pyrolysis oils, biogas, and biohydrogen. This thesis work is focused on the production of biodiesel, which can be used in diesel engines as a substitute for mineral diesel. Biodiesel is obtained from different kinds of oils, both from vegetable and animal sources. However, vegetable oils are preferred because they tend to be liquid at room temperature.
The process to obtain biodiesel implies first a reaction between the oil and an alcohol, using a catalyst and then a sedimentation, where the biodiesel and the glycerol, the two products that are obtained, can be separated because of their difference in density. After the separation, raw biodiesel is obtained and a treatment with either water bubbling or dry cleaning products is needed to obtain the product which will be ready to use.
Many methods are available for the production of biodiesel, most of them require heat for the transesterification reaction, which converts the oil into biodiesel. Apart from that, in many cases biodiesel is produced by big companies or by individuals but using complicated and expensive installations.
This work is an attempt to develop a way of producing biodiesel without any use of external heat, using a simple procedure which could be used by people with a low knowledge of chemistry or chemical processes. It also seeks to set an example on how biodiesel can be easily made by oneself without the use of any industrial systems, with a low budget and limited need of supervision over the process.
In order to achieve that, many trials were undertaken, introducing changes in the different parameters that are responsible for the changes in the final product. Among them, changes in the amount and type of catalyst, the way the catalyst is added, the type of oil used, the time of reaction and the temperature were made. Apart from that, different types of cleaning were tried, starting by water cleaning and then using powder type products, Magnesol, D-Sol and Aerogel. A centrifuge was also tried to test its utility when separating impurities from liquids or different liquid phases. The results of the different trials were analysed using various tests, the most important being the 3:27 test, the solubility test, the soap titration and pH measurements.
To sum up, it could be said that the investigation was a success, since it was proved that biodiesel can be made without the use of any external heat with both alkali and acid catalysts, as well as with different ways of adding the catalyst. As for the cleaning, good results were obtained with both dry products and water cleaning, since the soap content of the biodiesel was reduced in both cases. Apart from that, the centrifuge proved to be valid to eliminate impurities from raw oil.
Nita, Elisabeta Maria Iuliana. "Structure and properties of reactive polycarbonate-poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324144.
Full textEnweremadu, CC, and MM Mbarawa. "Technical aspects of production and analysis of biodiesel from used cooking oil—A review." Elsevier, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001282.
Full textSales, Alejandro. "Production of biodiesel from sunflower oil and ethanol by base catalyzed transesterification." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41158.
Full textBabatunde, Akeem Abiodun. "In situ transesterification of rapeseed for production of biodiesel and secondary products." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4166.
Full textNelson, Daniel R. "Transesterification and Recovery of Intracellular Lipids Using a Single Step Reactive Extraction." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/642.
Full textRemy, Mitsué. "Étude des réactions de transesterification de (meth)acrylates légers catalysées par les réducteurs complexes au nickel." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10367.
Full textBrand, Kristin [Verfasser], L. A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wessjohann, and R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mahrwald. "Chalcogen based organocatalysts in transesterification / Kristin Brand. Betreuer: L. A. Wessjohann ; R. Mahrwald." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072072793/34.
Full textMendez, Atahualpa. "Production of biodiesel from corn oil and ethanol by homogeneous alkali catalyzed transesterification." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33264.
Full textMagida, Nokuthula Ethel. "Biodiesel production from sunflower oil using microwave assisted transesterification / by Nokuthula E. Magida." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8768.
Full textThesis (MSc (Engineering Sciences in Chemical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
Chung, Shung Shing, and 張雙燻. "Polycarbonate by transesterification." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05317221643575690068.
Full text國立成功大學
化學工程研究所
81
The polycarbonate (PC) resin can be producedby phosgenationand transesterification processes. Both processes have advantages and disadvantages. Because of environmental concern (toxicity of phosgene) in Taiwan,the transesterification process may be the choice in this location. In our transesterification study ,various catalysts were evaluatedwith changing operating parameters and the reactants ratios to develop the best process for the production of PC.The processes is applied in the synthesis of high performance PC derivatives (such as high Tg , high impact, low water absorption and still retain high transparency). It was found that alkaline catalysts induce side reaction and discolored the polycarbonate.The electron-donor catalysts (eg.4-Dimethyl-aminopyridine、2- Methylimidazole) were found to be excellent catalysts for the transesterification process. These catalysts not only promote polymerization but also minimize discoloration.To maximize polycarbonate heat stability ,the addition of specific antioxidants were found to be effective and the final product has high intrinsic viscosity (I.V)and high degradation temperature. Several PC derivatives with different glass transition temperatures(Tg) were synthesized by varying the main chain structure of polymer with intention of expanding the areas of PC application.
Li, Kuan-I., and 李冠億. "Catalysts for Transesterification Reaction." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j4s67m.
Full text國立中正大學
化學工程研究所
102
Biodiesel can be prepared from vegetable oil and methanol via trans-esterification using metal alkoxides catalysts. At the conditions: catalyst, 5 wt%; MeOH/Oil mole ratio, 6/1; reaction time, 5 hr; and temperature, 200 C, the conversions were 99.4, 99.2, 97.5, 72.4, 44.7, 39.1 for Ti(OCH3)4, Ge(OCH3)4, Sb(OCH3)3, B(OCH3)3, Al(OCH3)2, and Cu(OCH3)3, respectively. However, notwithstanding its lower activity, B(OCH3)3 is the preferred catalyst, because B(OCH3)3 can be easily recovered with excess MeOH from biodiesel streams for recycling by distillation. Similar to the reaction catalyzed by solid metal oxides, [B(OCH3)4]- and/or (OCH3)- intermediates are formed from the interaction of B(OCH3)3 with methanol, as evidenced by FT-IR. The intermediates, in turn, attach to electron-deficient carbonyl group of the fatty oil, thus forming biodiesel. Without the presence of Na+, the reaction can proceed smoothly without saponification. Thus, B(OCH3)3 can therefore be used advantageously in trans-esterification of waste cooking oil without saponification and wastes treating problems. Since B(OCH3)3 can be formed from the reaction of methanol with boric acid, boric acid can be used as a catalyst instead of B(OCH3)3. Compared with non-catalytic reaction, reaction catalyzed by boric acid presents higher selectivity to FAME. The result suggest that B(OCH3)3 play a role like phase transfer catalysts that facilitate the attachment of methanol to the carbonyl group of mono- and di- glyceride. Solid acid catalyst, such as pellet HY, also do not have waste catalyst treatment problem. The reaction can be promoted by acid sites. However, the reaction is also limited by mass transfer. HY catalysts with different acid and pore characteristics were prepared HY/Al2O3 calcined powder and pelletized by SiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2-Al2O3 binder. XRD and NH3-TPD indicated that more acid sites can be formed amorphous SiO2-Al2O3. However, for HY/Al2O3, the formation of meso-pore with diameter of 4 nm and the exhibition of the much superior FAME selectivity to the other two catalysts suggests the importance of pore characteristics in catalysis; the reaction of tri-glycerides (fatty acid esters) may be facilitated by the formation of macro-pore while that of mono-glycerides by meso-pores. XRD results suggest that the meso-pores are formed from the fragmentation of HY zeolite crystal.
Chang, Li-Wen, and 張力文. "Homogenizer enhanced transesterification of canola oil." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69957030629353591041.
Full text崑山科技大學
材料工程研究所
100
The fossil fuels is limited, therefore, the development of renewable energy is very important. Biodiesel is defined as the fatty acid methyl esters made by transesterification of a vegetable oil or waste cooking oil. In this research, the use of canola oil as a raw material, through the homogenizer to enhanced transesterification reaction, the use of NaOH catalysis production biodiesel. A kinetic study of the transesterification of cannola oil was conducted under homogenizer at various temperatures and reaction times. In canola oil as raw material, in homogenizer process, the use of NaOH catalytic reaction, the optimum conditions was as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil is 8:1 with NaOH concentration of 0.75 wt%, rotational speed 7000 rpm, reaction temperature at 60 ℃ and reaction time for 10 min. The conversion of canola oil into biodiesel was achieved 97.93% for 10 min. In this results, the use of canola oil as raw materials, biodiesel conversion are conformed the Taiwan CNS 15072 standard value of 96.5%. In additional, the rate constant increased from 0.127 min-1 increase to 0.353 min-1 with increasing reaction temperature from 55 ℃ to 65 ℃. The results showed that homogenizer rotation speed at 9000 rpm, canola oil-methnaol molar ratio of 8:1, NaOH concentration of 0.75 wt%, reaction temperature at 60 ℃, reaction for 10 minutes, and biodiesel conversion rate of up to 97.93%. Transesterification reaction of the activation energy was 94.72 kJ / mole.
Chen, Chun-Rong, and 陳峻榮. "Investigation of Microwave Assisted Transesterification of Biodiesel." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71601775491708582442.
Full text國立中興大學
生物產業機電工程學系所
99
The purpose of this study was aimed at developing a microwave- assisted transesterification system of biodiesel. The research first conducted and compared different oil transesterification methods such as traditional water-bath heating, ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted. The experimental results obtained showed that under 3 min of transesterification processing, the microwave-assisted method was the best with its transesterification conversion rate up to 70.19% while the traditional were only 46.33 and 51.30%, respectively. The microwave-assisted method demonstrated significant improvement of the ability of oil transesterification. Using the microwave-assisted method of pre-esterification test with four initial free fatty acid contents of 3,5,10and15%,the experimental results obtained showed that under 4 min of pre-esterification processing, the conversion rate of free fatty acid of each set reached saturated condition and were between 49.06 and 58.83% at 3 min of microwave irradiation. At the mean time, the set with 3% of initial free fatty acid was reduced to 1.3%,and the result also showed that the microwave irradiation performed high efficiency in oil pre-esterification. During the multistage microwave-assisted pre-esterification test with 15% of the initial free fatty acid, the experimental results obtained showed that the conversion rate of free fatty acid was up to 74.93% at the third stage. It also expressed that the pre-esterificated process with microwave-assisted could effectively reduce the free fatty acid content in oil and could fit the requirement of low free fatty acid in oil for the further alkaline-catalyzed transesterification. In this study, microwave-assisted transesterification system based on the previous fundamental tests and parameters obtained was built. The optimal condition of the system was obtained using the two-factor Response Surface Method (RSM). The experimental results obtained showed that a second order regression equation with coefficient of determination R2 of 95%, and the optimal condition of microwave irradiation time 3 min 20 sec and catalyst amount 1.1% (w/w) with 73% of transesterification was also found. Finally, an automated microwave-assisted transesterification system combined with an evaporated condensation unit and the pressure control function was set up to conduct a single feed operation of oil transesterification. The experimental results demonstrated that a stable reaction phenomenon of the system was obtained and the optimal conversion rate of oil transesterification was also maintained. In the future, the results of pre-esterification previously obtained could be combined in a system used for the oil transesterification with high free fatty acid, and the results obtained in this study could also provide for the reference of related industries.
Chen, Yu-Chih, and 陳育智. "Transesterification Process of Biodiesel Using Heterogeneous Catalysts." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75306627460741709976.
Full text國立臺灣大學
生物產業機電工程學研究所
96
Biodiesel is a kind of clean and renewable energy which can be used directly or mixed with fossil diesel as fuel on vehicles. It can be extracted from recycled vegetable oil or animal fat by using blending, diluting, microemulsion, pyrolysis, or transesterification method. Transesterification means that appropriate amount of alcohols and fat are mixed in supercritical condition with various kind of catalyst to produce esters. It is a common process in producing biodiesel. By using all kinds of catalyst, heterogeneous catalyst is relatively environment-friendly and makes a simple process. In this study, soybean oil is mixed with methanol under 60℃ with hydrotalcite as catalyst to investigate the effect of Mg/Al molar ratio and calcination temperature to the conversion. As result, hydrotalcite made at 550℃ and Mg/Al ratio in 3 has the best conversion. Optimal condition of transesterification is at 60℃, 8hrs, Methanol/Oil=15, catalyst of 5%.
Chang, Chia-Ming, and 張家銘. "Heterogeneous catalyst transesterification in trickle bed reactor." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18963149530361879838.
Full text國立中正大學
化學工程所
97
This work is to use the trickle bed reactor(TBR) on the heterogenous catalyst transesterification. First,Calcium carbonate was precipitated into deionized water, and constructed.. The solid was calcined at 900℃ for 4hours.Then the Calcium carbonate solid reduce to Calcium Oxide to be the catalyst of transesterification. In the batch system, by the conditions oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:25, reaction temperature of 70℃, reaction time of 2hours, catalyst dosage 5g, the oil conversion was 70.39%.And use the designed trickle bed reactor to investigate the experimentation parameters.Under the conditions, total reaction time 2 hours, methanol vaporize rate 3.6ml/min, oil rate 16ml/hr (oil/methanol molar ratio in reacor is 1:15), the Calcium Oxide catalyst bed high 20cm, catalyst bed temperature 70℃,nozzle pressure drop 20 psi, the oil conversion was 86.38%。
Guldhe, Abhishek. "Biodiesel production from microalgae by enzymatic transesterification." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1744.
Full textMain focus of this study is to investigate the enzymatic-conversion of microalgal lipids to biodiesel. However, preceding steps before conversion such as drying of microalgal biomass and extraction of lipids were also studied. Downstream processing of microalgae has several challenges and there is very little literature available in this area. S. obliquus was grown in the pilot scale open pond cultivation system for biomass production. Different techniques were studied for biomass drying and extraction of lipids from harvested microalgal biomass. Effect of these drying and extraction techniques on lipid yield and quality was assessed. Energy consumption and economic evaluation was also studied. Enzymatic conversion of microalgal lipids by extracellular and whole cell lipase application was investigated. For both applications, free and immobilized lipases from different sources were screened and selected based on biodiesel conversion. Process parameters were optimized using chosen extracellular and whole cell lipases; also step-wise methanol addition was studied to improve the biodiesel conversion. Immobilized lipase was studied for its reuse. Final biodiesel was characterized for its fuel properties and compared with the specifications given by international standards. Enzymatic conversion of microalgal lipids was compared with the conventional homogeneous acid-catalyzed conversion. Enzymatic conversion and chemical conversion were techno-economically investigated based on process cost, energy consumption and processing steps. Freeze drying was the most efficient technique, however at large scale economical sun drying could also be selected as possible drying step. Microwave assisted lipid extraction performed better compared to sonication technique. Immobilized P. fluorescens lipase in extracellular application and A. niger lipase in whole cell application showed superior biodiesel conversion. The extracellular immobilized P. fluorescens lipase showed better biodiesel conversion and yields than the immobilized A. niger whole cell lipase. Both the enzyme catalysts showed lower biodiesel conversion compared to conventional chemical catalyst and higher processing cost. However, techno-economic analysis showed that, the reuse potential of immobilized lipases can significantly improve the economics. Fewer purification steps, less wastewater generation and minimal energy input are the benefits of enzymatic route of biodiesel conversion. Microalgae as a feedstock and lipase as a catalyst for conversion makes overall biodiesel production process environmentally-friendly. Data from this study has academic as well as industrial significance. Conclusions from this study form the basis for greener and sustainable scaling-up of microalgal biodiesel production process.
D
Sobral, Luís Manuel dos Santos. "A Computational Study on the Transesterification Reaction." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/34341.
Full textA computational study on the transesterification reaction was conducted aiming to evaluate whether in silico calculations could support the experimental work carried out to develop industrial manufacturing processes of active pharmaceutical substances. Overall energetic balances between raw materials and products as well as between these and intermediate species formed during the transesterification reaction were built and optimized aiming to better visualize the evolution of the relative energy between all the species along the reaction coordinates. Calculated bond lengths, bond angles, dipole moment and relative energy of conformers of n-propanol, a starting material from a simple esterification reaction studied first, reaction between n-propanol and methyl acetate matched experimental values. Additionally, molecular species of the pathway studied for this simple reaction are in agreement with the mechanism disclosed in the literature and also with the pathway generated for another similar simple transesterification reaction studied, the reaction between isopropanol and methyl acetate. Energy data on the base catalyzed transesterification reaction between scopine and MDTG to yield N-demethyltiotropium, the precursor of tiotropium bromide, an anti-cholinergic bronchodilator, confirm the selection of the bases made during the industrial process development work and are in good agreement with the mechanism proposed in the literature precedents for the synthesis of N-demethyltiotropium. Moreover, the in silico study enabled the understanding of the formation of the major process impurity observed during the experimental work as well as provided insights into the formation of three other process impurities. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the computational methodology addressed in the study and herein described provides significant support to the experimental process development work allowing to reduce time and resources allocated to develop industrial manufacturing processes for the production of active pharmaceutical substances.
Este trabalho descreve um estudo de química computacional sobre a reação de transesterificação o qual foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar se os cálculos in silico poderiam contribuir para acelerar o desenvolvimento de processos de fabrico industrial de substâncias farmacêuticas ativas. O estudo computacional focou-se em particular na reação de transesterificação entre a escopina e o MDTG, para formar o N-desmetiltiotrópio, o qual é o precursor do brometo de tiotrópio na via de síntese deste composto. O brometo de tiotrópio é uma substância ativa usada para aliviar os sintomas da asma e da doença de obstrução pulmonar crónica. Este composto relaxa e alarga as vias respiratórias, atuando com um broncodilatador de longa duração. A aplicação da química computacional ao estudo da reação de transesterificação para a síntese do N- desmetiltiotrópio tem como objetivo demonstrar a viabilidade desta metodologia computacional no apoio ao desenvolvimento dos processos industriais de fabrico de substâncias ativas. O desenvolvimento de condições seletivas para a reação entre a escopina e o MDTG envolveu ensaios laboratoriais com várias bases, ensaios com solventes diferentes bem como ensaios a várias temperaturas. O objetivo destes ensaios era escolher a melhor combinação destes três fatores que permitisse minimizar a formação de impurezas e em simultâneo converter o máximo possível as matérias-primas no produto desejado. Neste estudo computacional avaliaram-se os balanços energéticos entre as matérias-primas e os produtos bem como entre estes e as espécies intermédias que se formam durante a reação de transesterificação. Para uma melhor visualização dos balanços energéticos elaboraram-se esquemas entre matérias-primas, reagentes e produtos onde se evidenciou o balanço energético passo a passo. Construíram-se também diagramas de energia com todas as matérias-primas, espécies intermédias e produtos, para ilustrar a evolução da energia relativa entre os vários compostos ao longo das coordenadas da reação. O estudo envolveu numa primeira fase a avaliação dos vários mecanismos possíveis para a reação de transesterificação, nomeadamente, os mecanismos envolvidos na catálise básica e na catálise ácida. Os mecanismos descritos na literatura para a reação de transesterificação são i) o mecanismo concertado, ii) o mecanismo que envolve a formação do intermediário tetraédrico e iii) o mecanismo que envolve a formação do catião acílio. Neste trabalho começou-se por estudar dois exemplos simples de transesterificação, a reação entre o acetato de metilo e o npropanol e a reação entre o acetato de metilo e o isopropanol. Para o efeito elaboraram-se estruturas moleculares semelhantes às divulgadas em estudos de modelação molecular e na literatura de química orgânica para a transesterificação entre compostos similares. Os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com os estudos referidos e mostraram que o mecanismo da reação de transesterificação nos exemplos estudados passa pela formação de um intermediário tetraédrico. Foi observado in silico o intermediário tetraédrico para cada um dos exemplos citados acima, quer no caso da catálise ácida, quer no caso da catálise básica. Posteriormente, estudou-se o mecanismo envolvido na reação de transesterificação entre a escopina e o MDTG catalisada por base. Elaboraram-se estruturas moleculares comparáveis às descritas na literatura para os exemplos mais simples e estudaram-se os mecanismos associados a estas estruturas. Os cálculos computacionais mostraram que esta reação segue um mecanismo de adição-eliminação que passa pela formação de um intermediário tetraédrico. Este é um dos mecanismos descritos na literatura para a reação de transesterificação catalisada por bases. Para efeitos de comparação com o trabalho experimental efetuado durante o desenvolvimento do processo de fabrico do N-desmetiltiotrópio, testaram-se in silico diferentes bases, em fase gasosa e também no solvente escolhido nos ensaios de desenvolvimento do processo de fabrico. Os resultados computacionais obtidos estão de acordo com os resultados laboratoriais. O estudo da formação das principais impurezas na reação de transesterificação entre a escopina e o MDTG foi igualmente efetuado. Foram estudados os balanços energéticos de quatro impurezas bem como os mecanismos envolvidos na sua formação. As quatro impurezas estudadas foram o DTG, a impureza cíclica do MDTG e duas impurezas resultantes da abertura do anel de epóxido da escopina por ação do alcóxido do MDTG, o derivado 7β-hidróxi, designado em inglês por “epoxy opening 1”, e o derivado 6β-hidróxi, designada em inglês por “epoxy opening 2”. A comparação dos balanços energéticos mostrou que a formação da impureza DTG é de longe a energeticamente mais favorável, resultado que está de acordo com a observação experimental de que esta é a maior impureza que se forma na síntese do N-desmetiltiotrópio. O balanço energético e o diagrama de energia das espécies encontradas no estudo in silico evidenciam de uma forma clara que a formação desta impureza é energeticamente muito favorável e permitiram perceber os níveis elevados que se observaram durante os ensaios de desenvolvimento de processos. É de notar que os cálculos computacionais geraram com alguma frequência uma estrutura optimizada que corresponde ao alcóxido do MDTG e a observação deste espécie conduziu à elaboração de um mecanismo para a formação da impureza cíclica do MDTG bem como à elaboração de um mecanismo para a formação das impurezas resultantes da abertura do anel do epóxido da escopina. A impureza cíclica do MDTG foi observada uma vez, num ensaio, e, naquela altura, não se percebeu como é que esta impureza se formou. Por outro lado, as impurezas resultantes da abertura do anel do epóxido da escopina não foram identificadas durante o desenvolvimento do processo de fabrico do N-desmetiltiotrópio. No entanto, no trabalho laboratorial não se identificaram todas as impurezas pelo que, a observação computacional do alcóxido do MDTG, sugeriu a possibilidade destas impurezas se formarem durante a síntese do N-desmetiltiotrópio e sugeriu igualmente um mecanismo possível para a sua formação. Estes exemplos ilustram bem como a química computacional pode conduzir a um conhecimento mais profundo das reações bem como pode sugerir caminhos possíveis para a formação de produtos secundários das reações. A sugestão de estruturas moleculares plausíveis para explicar mecanismos de formação de compostos está na génese da modelação molecular e o trabalho apresentado nesta tese pretende dar um contributo para a aplicação da química computacional e da consequente modelação molecular no desenvolvimento industrial de processos de fabrico de substâncias farmacêuticas ativas.
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Tang, Sheng-Kai, and 湯勝凱. "Study of biodiesel by transesterification from microalgae." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64141259320791571711.
Full text大仁科技大學
環境管理研究所
98
Microalgae, due to the advantages of higher photosynthetic efficiency, higher biomass production and faster growth compared to other energy crops, as a potential source of bioenergy has attracted wide attention. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that convert sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to algal biomass. Many microalgae are exceedingly rich in lipid, which can be converted to biodiesel. To understand the effect on the biodiesel production via transesterification of microalgae, four factors such as such as alkaline catalyst amount, reaction temperature, reaction time, and acid catalyst amount were investigated using two level four factor full factorial design in this study. Under experimental range considered the most important factor on the biodiesel production of transesterification is the alkaline catalyst amount. For the biodiesel production of biomass, this factor has a positive influence, resulting in an increase of fatty acid content. The reaction time and acid catalyst also have a positive influence respectively. The reaction temperature, however, has a negative influence. There is an appreciable interaction between alkaline catalyst amount (variable 1) and reaction temperature (variable 2), the effects of these variables must be considered jointly. The best results for laboratory scale tested on the biodiesel production via transesterification were obtained at dosage of 8 meq alkaline catalyst, with acid catalyzed, 100℃of reaction temperature, and 30 min of reaction time.
Prabhakar, Mili. "Studies on lipppppase-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides." Thesis, 2006. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/2762.
Full textZhou, Weiyang. "Kinetics and phase behaviour of transesterification of triglycerides." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=449831&T=F.
Full textNawaratna, Gayan I. "Amphiphilic Phase-transforming Catalysts for Transesterification of Triglycerides." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149362.
Full textWu, Scott, and 吳阜蒼. "Effect of choral polymer on Lipase catalyzed transesterification." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72313640933547281625.
Full text國立成功大學
化學工程研究所
83
Resolution of racemic (±) 1-phenethyl alcohol via PPL(porcine pancreatic lipase) in organic solvents by transesterification with vinyl acetatet was carried out in this investigtion。 Solvent effect on the stereospecificity of the enzyme was investigated。It was found that the reaction rate have a good correlation with hydrophobicity constant log P,and the reaction rate increased with increasing the polarity of solvents 。 PPL at higher temperature stil have good thermal catalysis, this shows that the PPL has a better stability in organ ic solvent than in water。 PPL in water saturated n-heptane have higher reaction rate and lower enantioselectivity than in dehydrated n-heptane。In triethyl amine,howeve,added of water caused the decreasing of PPL activity and the enantioselectivity almost not be affected。 In the presence of chiral polymer TDI-CPO,the reaction system in tetrahydrofurane was found that the reaction rate and the enantiomeric ratio of the system were both increrased。
Hung, Ing-Zhe, and 洪英哲. "Preparation of Biodiesel by Transesterification Using Supercritical Fluid." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92012948764857685701.
Full textZhu, Xian-Ting, and 朱憲庭. "Optimization of Transesterification Reaction for Microalgal Monoraphidium sp." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05116676047422007735.
Full text大仁科技大學
環境管理研究所
102
Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAMEs) is a mixture derived from the esterification and transesterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides and is typically made from renewable biological resources. Microalgae are a source of triglycerides. Many microalgae are exceedingly rich in lipids and oils, which can be converted into biodiesel. Microalgae not only have higher biomass production and faster growth than those of energy crops, producing many times more oil for biodiesel production than traditional oilseed crops on an area basis, but can also reduce the amount of global warming gases and consume other pollutants. Microalgal oils suitable for making biodiesel are common. Four main synthetic approaches have been used for biodiesel production, namely dilution, microemulsion, pyrolysis, and transesterification. The most commonly used method for converting microalgal oils to biodiesel is transesterification. The transesterification reaction is an important step in the overall process of biodiesel production, which is both energy- and cost-intensive. Several factors influence the transesterification reaction. Transesterification can be catalyzed by both alkali and acid catalysts. The alkali catalysis reaction is about 4,000 times faster than the acid catalysis reaction. However, the performance of alkali catalysts is strongly affected by the presence of FFAs in the feedstock. In the present study, one of the dominant green microalgal species, Monoraphidium sp., isolated from local source water was cultured in BG-11 medium. The dried algal biomass was used for biodiesel production. The objectives of this study firstly are to understand the effect of the factors including alcohol quantity, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst concentration on FAMEs yield. An experimental design is implemented to examine the effects among the factors, namely alcohol quantity, reaction temperature, reaction time, and ultrasound radiation that affect the FAMEs yield from microalgal biomass. Due to biomass drying has been demonstrated to be one of the most important economic steps in the microalgae production process, this study therefore also aims to evaluate the FAMEs yield of the wet microalgae biomass among the four transesterification process in order to reduce the biomass drying requirements. The results indicated that the highest FAMEs yield of Monoraphidium sp. was obtained at an alkali catalyst amount 0.5 % NaOH/MeOH of 18 mL, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 30 min, while the highest FAMEs yield obtained at a 18 mL acid catalyst amount containing 2 % H2SO4/MeOH, a 60 °C reaction temperature, and a 80 min reaction time for the acid catalysis reaction. Under the experimental range considered, the significant factors for FAMEs yield are the methanol quantity, reaction time, and reaction temperature for both alkali and acid catalysis process. The FAMEs yield increased with decreasing moisture of wet microalgae biomass. However, no significant difference in FAMEs yield affected by moisture of wet microalgae biomass was found when reaction with suitable catalyst amount was adopted. The highest FAMEs yield of wet microalgae biomass was obtained at a 25 mL acid catalyst amount containing 0.5 % NaOH/MeOH and 2 % H2SO4/MeOH respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that alkali-acid-catalyzed transesterification led to a higher FAMEs yield than that obtained only alkali or acid catalyzed transesterification.
Lin, Hsin-Mei, and 林欣玫. "Biodiesel Synthesis by Esterification/ Transesterification Using Solid Catalysts." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74667175189579132886.
Full text國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
100
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for traditional fossil fuel. It can be produced by transesterification from triglyceride. In this study, we use solid catalysts to catalyze esterification and transesterification in order to solve the problems of free fatty acid (FFA) in the feedstock oil. The first method:Both esterification and transesterification were catalyzed simultaneously by solid acid catalyst. In experiment, we used commercial lard as feedstock oil, and SZA (Sulfated Zirconia Alumina) solid acid catalyst to catalyze both reactions. We studied different reaction parameters, the catalyst amount, the methanol/oil molar ratio, and reaction temperature. We also chose waste cooking oils (WCO) which contained FFA as feedstock oil. Under methanol/oil molar ratio 12/1, catalyst amount 1wt%, reaction temperature 150oC, and reaction time 2hr, the biodiesel yield reached 80%. Moreover, the biodiesel yield of WCO showed that different feedstock oils did not influence the efficiency of catalyst. So we could use the low quality WCO as the feedstock oil to decrease cost of oil. The second method:The second method was two sequence reactions. Under mild reaction temperature 60oC, use SZA solid acid catalyst to catalyze esterification first. The objective was to convert FFA into ester. Then used calcium diglyceroxide Ca(C3H7O3)2 solid base catalyst to catalyze transesterification. We added 5wt% and 20wt% palmitic acid into soybean oil to simulate the feedstock oil which contained FFA. The research result showed that it was necessary to esterify FFA in oil in the first step, and the overall yield was 80% after this two sequence reactions.
Hsu, Yao-wen, and 許耀文. "Transesterification in Blends of Biodegradable Copolyester and Polycarbonate." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45126017728339661736.
Full text國立高雄大學
化學工程及材料工程學系碩士班
98
Miscibility and Tranesterification of the Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate)/Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (P(BA-coBT)/PC) blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)、optical microscopy (OM)、Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)、scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In order to understand properties of P(BA-co-BT)/PC blends, miscibility, thermal behavior, and transesterification of the homopolymers blends, poly(1,4-butylene adipate)/poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBA/PC) and poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate)/ poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBT/PC) blends were also investigated in the study. The result of phase morphology and thermal analyes revealed that the P(BA-co-BT) and PBA/PC exhibited a homogeneous phase and a composition-dependent glass transition temperature (Tg), indicating the blends were miscible. In the P(BA-co-BT)/PC blends, the interaction parameterχ12 was -0.149 (for PC crystallization melting) or χ12 was -0.022 ( for P(BA-co-BT) crystallization melting). The PBT/PC blends exhibited a heterogeneous phase and two glass transition temperature (Tg), indicating the blend was immiscible. Moreover, the result of thermal analysis revealed that a homogeneous phase and the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased in the P(BA-co-BT)/PC and PBA/PC blends when it was heated at 260℃ and in the P(BA-co-BT)/PC、PBA/PC and PBT/PC blends when it was heated at 285℃. Apparently, there was a chemical interaction in the P(BA-co-BT)/PC、PBA/ PC and PBT/PC blends after heat treatment. Furthermore, the result of FT-IR and NMR revealed chemical interaction in the P(BA-co-BT)/PC、PBA/PC and PBT/PC blends. In the study, a special dual transesterification was proved in the P(BA-co-BT)/PC blends. The primary transesterification was found between the butylenes adipate segment of P(BA-co-BT) copolymer and the carbonate group of PC when the blends were heated at 260oC. The secondly transesterification was also detected between the butylenes terephthalate segment of the P(BA-co-BT) copolymer and the carbonate group of PC when the blends were heated at 285oC. Finally, the mechanisms of transesterification in the P(BA-co-BT)/PC、PBA/PC and PBT/PC were suggested in the study.
Gong, Yu Lang, and 拱玉郎. "Preparation of polyunsaturated phospholipids by lipase-catalyzed transesterification." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90403018605064493173.
Full textCheng, Po-Chi, and 鄭伯其. "Investigations on Developing a continuously Biodiesel Transesterification System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26920559082337919819.
Full text國立勤益科技大學
機械工程系
102
In this research, the self-made small scale biodiesel transesterification equipment was used to obtain the reaction parameters, which can be applied to design the operation process of a large scale transesterification system. Since the small scale equipment is a batch type, such that the combination of couple batch systems under the same conditions and operation parameters will be able to become large system to get the same transesterification result of biomass oil. Through the series of experiments by using the batch system, the conclusions are as follows: Firstly, with 0.8~1% oil weight of KOH as the catalyst, the proper molar ratio of methanol and oil will be 6:1. Secondly, the best transesterification temperature and operation time will be 55~60℃ and 30 minutes, under which, the crude biodiesel yield rate is high as 86.33%. Thirdly, when temperature at 80~90℃, within 30 minutes, the washing process will be done perfectly. And lastly, the standing time for crude biodiesel and glycerol separation as well as biodesel and waste water are both around 40 minutes. From above results, including inlet and outlet, the necessary time for either transesterification or washing process are 100 minutes. Base on those results, one can design a unified system which may operate continuously, thus, the batch system can be turned into continuous system.
Chih-YuanNien and 粘志遠. "Transesterification for biodiesel production using alkali-loaded Zeolite Y." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90796629792392079736.
Full text國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
101
With the development of technology, the energy consumption has increased day by day. It is necessary to find out the alternative energy of fossil fuel for the energy shortage in the future. It makes possible to strike the balance between sustainability and development since biodiesel is a renewable energy with the advantages such as low emission, nontoxicity, and biodegradation. Thus, it has been considered as a promising alternative of fossil fuel. Biodiesel is a mixture of alkyl esters, which are produced either by transesterification of triglycerides such as vegetable oils and animal fats, or esterification of fatty acid with excess methanol in the presence of catalysts. The catalyst plays an important role in the above reactions. As a result from the advantages of separation and processing, heterogeneous catalyst is chosen in this study. Zeolite Y is chosen as the catalyst in transesterification in this study. Due to the poor catalytic activity without modification, it is modified by ion exchange to increase the activity by the loading of alkali metal. The factors that influence the catalysis of transesterification have been investigated such as alkali sources, loading. In this study, CBV 780 has a better catalytic effect than other kinds of zeolite Y in the most conditions. Moreover, it is also investigated that the catalysis of transesterification in the presence of oleic acid. When the oil contains 5% oleic acid (w/w), it is found that the yield could reach 70% with the catalysis of CBV 780 which is ion-exchanged using 10wt% sodium hydroxide for 30 minutes at pH = 10. Seemingly, it still have a passable yield. Hence, as-prepared catalyst may have the opportunity to the application in transesterification of waste cooking oil.
Shiu, Jiun-Shiuan, and 許俊玄. "TRANSESTERIFICATION OF PLANT OIL CATALYZED BY TRI-POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97880761514098499221.
Full text大同大學
化學工程學系(所)
98
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel, most commonly produced from transterification of vegetable oils with low molecular weight alcohols using homogeneous catalyst. In homogeneous catalytic reaction, soap formation will hinder the reaction process and also cause environmental pollution. Finally, extra cost for the neutralization, distillation, and washing steps needed to purify the final product is too high for industries. In this study, heterogeneous solid catalyst (K3PO4) was used for transesterification reaction in batch and well-stirred reactor. The experimental design methodology was employed to find the main influencing factors, including reaction temperature, methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time. The experimental results show that increasing the reaction temperature has little effect on the biodiesel yield, increasing the molar ratio of methanol to oil or catalyst amount can increase the biodiesel yield. The HPLC analysis results show triglyceride decreases with the reaction time, while diglyceride and monoglyceride increases with the reaction time. The 3-step kinetic model can be used to predict the transesterification kinetic curves satisfactorily.
Kuo, Jui-Yang, and 郭瑞陽. "The study on enhanced transesterification from waste cooking oil." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14717330484846912035.
Full text崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
102
In recent years, the amount of the oil is reducing and combustion caused the earth's environmental impact. Therefore, the development of new environmentally friendly renewable fuels become the goal of scientists. Biodiesel can be used to replace petroleum fuels with many advantages, such as, it's biodegradable, non-toxie, low sulfur content and transesterification of low emission of harmful substance. The product of vegetable oil, animal oil, waste cooking oil or other raw materials and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, named biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and a by-product, glycerol. Promote the transesterification reaction through a homogenizer, and find out the best reaction parameters of manufacturing biodiesel. In study (Ⅰ) by using waste cooking oil as a raw material, and promote it by the transesterification homogenizer, it found the molar ratio of alcohol oil is 9:1, NaOCH3 catalyst dosage 0.75 wt%, homogeneous speed at 7000 rpm and a reaction temperature 65 °C, biodiesel production conversion rate after 8 mins 97.1%, were significantly reduced the time required for high acid value of waste cooking oil. Considerations to the manufacturing time and costs, study (Ⅱ) using a homogenizer rapid synthesis of Ca(OCH3)2 as catalyst analysis the catalyst by using XRD, FT-IR, the results illustrate that homogenizer rapid synthesis of methanol calcium, can effectively shorten the preparation time of the catalyst, and used the methanol cakium as with homogenizer ways to promote transesterification transesterification optimal reaction conditions: molar ratio of 6:1, 4 wt% of Ca (OCH3) 2, homogenizer at 7000 rpm for 1 hour at 65 °C, biodiesel yield of 90.2%. Therefore, Ca (OCH3) 2 has great potential to replace homogeneous catalyst for transesterification, it can also be used in applications other heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In study (Ⅲ), using CaO as basic, microwave heating speed up the reaction of modifying the surface of CaO by using bromooctane, to form a coated catalyst to prolong the activity of catalyst. Using XRD, FT-IR, TGA to analysis the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst shows that, by comparing the conventional methods and the microwave modification methods, microwaving can reduce the preparation time of the catalyst, CaO, but the stability and the alkyl intensity is similar to the conventional methods. On the other hand, microwave heating contribute interaction of the oil, and also increase the conversion rate of biodiesel. Using the waste cooking oil as raw material, under open microwaving to promote the esterification reaction, using bromooctane 5mg/g modify CaO as catalyst, the optimal reaction conditions were: microwave power at 300W, molar ratio of alcohol oil 8:1, 3 wt% of modified CaO, reaction at 65°C for 75 minutes, the rate of conversion of biodiesel is 97.1%. These can effectively manufacture biodiesel from waste cooking oil and comply with the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072, 96.7%, and also reduce the energy consumption, achieve the purpose of saving energy and carbon.
Li, Sing-Ying, and 李星穎. "Direct transesterification of black soldier fly for biodiesel production." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27688052431983180266.
Full text明志科技大學
化學工程系生化工程碩士班
105
In this study, direct transesterification with a combination of methanol and a solvent was demonstrated to be promising for the production of biodiesel from black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) biomass. In the solvents tested, n-hexane was identified as the most effective solvent for the reaction, resulting in a significant increase in biodiesel yield compared with the use of no solvent. The direct transesterification using n-hexane as a cosolvent was then optimized to maximize the biodiesel yield. The highest biodiesel yield of 94.14% was achieved at methanol dosage of 8 mL , a solvent dosage of 4 mL, a catalyst loading of 1.2 mL, a temperature at 120 °C, and a reaction time was 60 min. In addition, Using the Design of Experiments to obtained the optimal condition of direct transesterification, the biodiesel yield of 93.28 % was obtained at temperature of 101.6C, reaction time of 90 min, catalyst dosage of 1.67 mL, and methanol dosage of 10 mL.This study suggested that direct transesterification using n-hexane as a solvent could be a promising method for biodiesel production from BSFL and decrease production costs.