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Academic literature on the topic 'Transcriptomique single-cell'
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Journal articles on the topic "Transcriptomique single-cell"
Binvignat, M., B. Miao, C. Wibrand, M. Yang, D. Rychkov, E. Flynn, J. Nititham, et al. "Identification d’une signature en Single Cell transcriptomique associée à l’activité de la maladie dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde." Revue du Rhumatisme 90 (December 2023): A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2023.10.039.
Full textLesturgie-Talarek, M., F. Carbone, V. Gonzalez, A. Schvartz, J. Ziga, M. Luka, Y. Allanore, M. Menager, and J. Avouac. "Analyse en single cell transcriptomique des cellules mononuclées du sang et liquide articulaire de patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde : caractérisation des populations cellulaires." Revue du Rhumatisme 91 (December 2024): A164—A165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2024.10.017.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Transcriptomique single-cell"
Redman, Elisa. "Découverte des mécanismes responsables des défauts de régénération épithéliale dans l'asthme, par approche transcriptomique sur cellules uniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6017.
Full textThe airway surface epithelium is a complex cellular ecosystem that includes basal, goblet, multiciliated cells, as well as other rarer cell types. Motile cilia on multiciliated cells clear the pathogen-trapping mucus secreted by goblet cells. In asthma, the epithelium undergoes chronic inflammation and remodeling, which results in a decreased number of multiciliated cells and a goblet cell hyperplasia that impairs mucociliary clearance and worsen symptoms. Interleukin 13 (IL-13), produced by type-2 lymphocyte T helper (Th2) cells, mast cells, basophils, and type-2 innate lymphoid cells, is a major mediator of type 2 high asthma, the most common asthma endotype. IL-13 directly causes goblet cell hyperplasia, while rhinovirus infections, the leading causes of asthma exacerbation, increase mucus production and reduce ciliary function. Apart from the already well-characterized implication of the immune system in asthma, the underlying contribution of epithelium-specific mechanisms remained so far unresolved.To investigate the molecular events controlling airway epithelial cells balance and their dysregulation in asthma, bronchial biopsies from healthy and severe asthma donors were reconstructed in vitro using an Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) model. They were treated with IL-13 or rhinovirus A16 (RVA16) and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Over 260,000 cells from 9 healthy and 11 severe asthma donors were analyzed. Severe asthma epithelia showed basal cell hyperplasia and an inflammatory signature, even under control conditions. IL-13 treatment caused significant epithelial remodeling after 8 days in both healthy and severe asthma epithelia and induced expression of the goblet-specific transcription factor SPDEF in a multiciliated cell subpopulation that we labeled “mucous-ciliated cells.” RVA16 infection triggered an interferon and chemokine response 4.7 times greater in healthy epithelia than in asthmatic ones, assessed by the number of differentially expressed genes. Two weeks after IL-13 or RVA16 removal, epithelia recovered their initial cell composition and/or gene expression, indicating similar recovery capacities between severe asthmatic and healthy donors. A set of genes was identified as potential regulators of the asthmatic phenotype and airway epithelial remodeling. Their putative role in remodeling is currently investigated by CRISPR-Cas9 invalidation and scRNA-seq analysis.The ALI model plays a central role in all in vitro studies and its careful characterization is essential. It relies on different commercial and home-made media, but their impact on epithelial cell differentiation at the single-cell level had never been evaluated. I used scRNA-seq to quantify cell type distribution and gene expression variations across 4 distinct media. I found variations in cell composition, gene expression, and secretome transcripts that I illustrated more precisely with the differential expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factor ACE2. Proliferation in PneumaCult-Ex Plus favored secretory cell fate, highlighting the key influence of proliferation media on epithelial differentiation. My data provide a comprehensive repertoire for evaluating culture condition influence on airway epithelial differentiation.Lastly, I participated in the characterization of multiciliated cell differentiation by investigating the MIR34B/C genomic locus, host to the genes BTG4, LAYN, and HOATZ. The miR-34b/c microRNAs are closely related to the miR-449 family known as multiciliogenesis regulators. Using scRNA-seq and super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrated that the MIR34B/C locus, like its homolog MIR449, is a multiciliary locus encompassing genes that are potential regulators of multiciliogenesis
Ngo, Carine. "Caractérisation de l’hétérogénéité moléculaire des sarcomes épithélioïdes par analyse multi-omique et transcriptomique sur cellule unique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL085.
Full textEpithelioid sarcoma (EpS) is an ultra- rare, aggressive sarcoma, occurring in all age groups, with two traditionally recognized clinicopathological entities – the distal and proximal subtypes – suggesting the presence of inter-tumor heterogeneity. Like rhabdoid tumors in infants, EpS is characterized by the loss of SMARCB1, a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Using bulk multi-omics and single-cell transcriptomic data, we identified two molecular transcriptomic subtypes – “distal-like” and “proximal-like" – which only partly overlap with the traditional clinicopathological entities. The distal-like molecular subtype of tumors, which included all distal morphological subtypes and a subset of proximal and mixed subtypes, expressed specific epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers including DSG2 (desmoglein 2), which might be routinely assessed by immunohistochemistry. They also displayed higher density of peritumoral CD8+ T cells and pro-tumoral myeloid cells. By contrast, the proximal-like molecular subtype of tumors, which was associated with worse outcome, displayed a higher density of intratumoral pro-tumoral M2 macrophages and high inter-tumoral heterogeneity, with some cases resembling other SMARCB1-deficient tumors by DNA methylation profiling. The identification of these two molecular subtypes open new opportunities for treatment, understanding of biology and future translational research in EpS
Rizos, Iris. "Approche moléculaire du cycle de vie des Radiolaires (Rhizaria)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS434.pdf.
Full textThe super-group Rhizaria is one of the most diverse and least described among the eukaryotic microbial word. Even though rhizarians have captured biologists' attention for over a century, their tedious maintenance has hindered a proper comprehension of their life cycle. This is the case of Radiolaria, an uncultivated lineage of marine planktonic shell-bearing amoebas, that has established a successful symbiosis with a diversity of microalgae during its evolution and contributes significantly to nutrient cycling in the global ocean. Up to date, description of radiolarian life cycles is fragmentary and mainly based on knowledge acquired in the 80's-90's. One of the key aspects that remains enigmatic encompasses the transition from one generation to another. Accumulating observations on the field have led to suggest diverse recombinative and reproductive strategies for the 4 extant radiolarian groups (Acantharia, Spumellaria, Nassellaria, Collodaria). For Acantharia, two putative recombinative strategies were proposed relative to the release modality of small flagellated cells, called swarmers, involving or not an intermediate cyst stage. Collodaria can transit from solitary to colonial stages, while among Nassellaria and Spumellaria swarmer production has been witnessed only for a limited number of species. The common life stage of swarmers is hypothesised to be linked to sexual recombination. Nevertheless, up to date swarmer ploidy remains undetermined and their fusion undocumented. In order to overcome the current culture bottlenecks related to the study of radiolarian life cycles, my PhD combines live in situ observations, the analysis of novel single-cell transcriptomes and phylogenetic analyses of reference gamete-specific genes. More particularly, I focus on the life stages involved in the hypothetical sexual cycle of Radiolaria by searching for reference protist genes mediating sexual processes, like meiosis and gamete fusion, among single-cell transcriptomes of putative meiotic and gamete life stages. To cope with the massive proportion of unreferenced data, I have employed gene-network approaches to identify and annotate de novo genes enriched specifically in each life stage, thereby revealing novel life stage specific functions. My analyses highlight essential gamete genes among radiolarian swarmers, implying that radiolarians are capable of sexual recombination. Recovered sexual genetic toolkit actors, HAP2/GCS1 gene and KAR5-GEX1-BMBL gene family, were integrated in an evolutive context, for further describing radiolarian specific sequence variations. Finally, the recovered radiolarian gamete-specific genes were compared to meta-transcriptomic databases in order to estimate their abundance in the environment. Integrating the radiolarian life cycle within a spatiotemporal framework will enable the estimation of its lifespan, enhance the comprehension of radiolarian ecology at a finer life stage resolution and broaden our current understanding of the intricate and fascinating life of free-living rhizarians
Bonnaffoux, Arnaud. "Inférence de réseaux de régulation de gènes à partir de données dynamiques multi-échelles." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN054/document.
Full textInference of gene regulatory networks from gene expression data has been a long-standing and notoriously difficult task in systems biology. Recently, single-cell transcriptomic data have been massively used for gene regulatory network inference, with both successes and limitations.In the present work we propose an iterative algorithm called WASABI, dedicated to inferring a causal dynamical network from timestamped single-cell data, which tackles some of the limitations associated with current approaches. We first introduce the concept of waves, which posits that the information provided by an external stimulus will affect genes one-byone through a cascade, like waves spreading through a network. This concept allows us to infer the network one gene at a time, after genes have been ordered regarding their time of regulation. We then demonstrate the ability of WASABI to correctly infer small networks, which have been simulated in-silico using a mechanistic model consisting of coupled piecewise-deterministic Markov processes for the proper description of gene expression at the single-cell level. We finally apply WASABI on in-vitro generated data on an avian model of erythroid differentiation. The structure of the resulting gene regulatory network sheds a fascinating new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling this process. In particular, we find no evidence for hub genes and a much more distributed network structure than expected. Interestingly, we find that a majority of genes are under the direct control of the differentiation-inducing stimulus. Together, these results demonstrate WASABI versatility and ability to tackle some general gene regulatory networks inference issues. It is our hope that WASABI will prove useful in helping biologists to fully exploit the power of time-stamped single-cell data
Lehmann, Nathalie. "Development of bioinformatics tools for single-cell transcriptomics applied to the search for signatures of symmetric versus asymmetric division mode in neural progenitors." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLE070.
Full textIn recent years, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has fostered the characterization of cell heterogeneity at a remarkable high resolution. Despite their democratization, the analysis of scRNA-seq remains a challenge, particularly for organisms whose genomic annotations are partial. During my PhD, I observed that the chick genomic annotations are often incomplete, thus resulting in a loss of a large number of sequencing reads. I investigated how an enriched annotation affects the biological results and conclusions from these analyses. We developed a novel approach based on the re-annotation of the genome with scRNA-seq data and long reads bulk RNA-seq. This computational biology project capitalises on a tight collaboration with the experimental team of Xavier Morin (IBENS). The main biological focus is the search for signatures of symmetric versus asymmetric division mode in neural progenitors. In order to identify the key transcriptional switches that occur during the neurogenic transition, I have implemented bioanalysis approaches dedicated to the search for gene signatures from scRNA-seq data
Rey, Camille. "Cytosolic bacterial subversions of mucosal immunity : a study of microfold (M) cell and enterocyte infections by S. flexneri and L. monocytogenes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/Rey_camille_1_va_20180321.pdf.
Full textCytosolic bacterial pathogens S. flexneri and L. monocytogenes subvert extracellular mucosal immunity by inducing their uptake and intracellular lifestyle in the intestinal epithelium. Within the host, they are able to rapidly escape their internalization vacuole, invade the cytosol and escape cellular degradation by spreading from cell-to-cell. Antigen sampling M cells overlying immune induction sites are targeted by these pathogens to initiate intestinal invasion. However, the intracellular lifestyle of these pathogens within M cells, the mechanism of spread of the infection toneigh boring enterocytes from this entry point and the mechanism of S. flexneri evasion of adaptive immunity is poorly characterized. We present a novel physiologic model of apical S. flexneri infection of human in vitro M cells which recapitulates the early steps of epithelial invasion. We show that a subset of S. flexneri is rapidly transcytosed, within 15 minutes, through M cells. We establish a newtime-lapse imaging approach of M cell infections, which reveals that another subset of bacteriainduces apical ruffling upon entry, vacuolar rupture and replicates within the M cells at later timepoints. Remarkably, these bacteria are able to spread from M cells to neighboring cells by actinbased-motility, which we show constitutes the main route of basolateral spreading of the infection.As we extend our study to L. monocytogenes, we observe that unlike S. flexneri, the bacterium diverts M cell transcytosis via the virulence factor ActA. However, we discover that L. monocytogenes spreads within the epithelium exclusively by actin-based motility, similar to S. flexneri. We propose that subversion of M cell transcytosis and avoidance of underlying immune tissues are features shared by cytosolic pathogens, allowing their escape from induction of adaptive immunity.In addition, we submit a pipeline of fluorescence-based single cell sorting of enterocytes atsuccessive stages of infection combined with transcriptional analysis by multiplex qPCR. This methodreveals the production of distinct responses in host enterocytes according to subcellular pathogen localizations. We observe the production of a strong bystander response involving multiplecorrelated host pathways in non-infected enterocytes. Moreover, we detect the output of distinct host response patterns according to vacuolar or cytosolic bacterial localizations in infectedenterocytes. We further show that the virulence effector OspF contributes to dampen infected host responses and disrupt otherwise correlated host signaling pathways. To conclude, our studies expose new immune subversion strategies linked to the intracellular life styles of cytosolic enteric bacteria, highlighting the importance of M cells in initial bacterial dissemination and diversion of adaptive immunity, and the organization and disruption of innate immune responses provoked in enterocytes during infection
Ruiz, Garcia Sandra. "Appréhender l'hétérogénéité cellulaire et la dynamique de différenciation des épithéliums des voies aériennes au moyen de signatures transcriptionnelles sur cellule unique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4204/document.
Full textHuman airways are lined by a pseudostratified epithelium mainly composed of basal and columnar cells, among these cells we can find multiciliated, secretory cells and goblet cells. All these cells work together in the mucociliary clearance of the airways. This epithelium regenerates slowly under homeostatic conditions but is able to recover quickly after aggressions through proliferation, migration, polarization and differentiation processes. However, in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma or cystic fibrosis, epithelial repair is defective, tissue remodeling occurs, leading to loss of multiciliated cells and goblet cell hyperplasia, impairing correct mucociliary clearance. The sequence of cellular events leading to a functional or remodelled tissue are still poorly described. Hence, we aim at identifying the successive cell types appearing during tissue regeneration and the molecular events that are responsible for healthy or pathological regeneration. We have analysed airway epithelial cell composition at several stages of differentiation using an in vitro 3D culture model which reproduces in vivo epithelial cell composition. Applying single cell transcriptomics and computational methods, we have identified cell lineage hierarchies and thus constructed a comprehensive cell trajectory roadmap in human airways. We have confirmed the cell lineages that have been previously described and have discovered a novel trajectory linking goblet cells to multiciliated cells. We have also discovered novel cell populations and molecular interactors involved in the process of healthy human airway epithelium regeneration. Using these approaches, we have finally shed light on cell-type specific responses involved in pathological goblet cell hyperplasia. Our data, by bringing significant contributions to the understanding of differentiation’s dynamics in the context of healthy and pathological human airway epithelium, may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets
Marcy, Guillaume. "Etude des spécificités transcriptionnelles et de la compétence des progéniteurs neuraux postnataux du cerveau antérieur chez la souris." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP070/document.
Full textDuring development, a remarkable coordination of molecular and cellular events leads to the generation of the cortex, which orchestrates most sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Cortex development occurs in a stepwise manner: radial glia cells (RGs) - the neural stem cells (NSCs) of the developing brain - and progenitor cells from the ventricular zone (VZ) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) sequentially give rise to distinct waves of nascent neurons that form cortical layers in an inside-out manner. Around birth, RGs switch fate to produce glial cells. A fraction of neurogenic RGs that lose their radial morphology however persists throughout postnatal life in the subventricular zone that lines the lateral ventricles. These NSCs give rise to different subtypes of olfactory bulb interneurons and glial cells, according to their spatial origin and location within the postnatal SVZ. These observations raise important unresolved questions on 1) the transcriptional coding of postnatal SVZ regionalization, 2) the potential of postnatal NSCs for cellular regeneration and forebrain repair, and 3) the lineage relationship and transcriptional specificities of postnatal NSCs and of their progenies. My PhD work built upon a previously published comparative transcriptional study of defined microdomains of the postnatal SVZ. This study highlighted a high degree of transcriptional heterogeneity within NSCs and progenitors and revealed transcriptional regulators as major hallmarks sustaining postnatal SVZ regionalization. I developed bioinformatics approaches to explore these datasets further and relate expression of defined transcription factors (TFs) to the regional generation of distinct neural lineages. I then developed a model of targeted ablation that can be used to investigate the regenerative potential of postnatal progenitors in various contexts. Finally, I participated to the development of a pipeline for exploring and comparing select populations of pre- and postnatal progenitors at the single cell level. Objective 1: Transcriptomic as well as fate mapping were used to investigate the relationship between regional expression of TFs by NSCs and their acquisition of distinct neural lineage fates. Our results supported an early priming of NSCs to produce defined cell types depending of their spatial location in the SVZ and identified HOPX as a marker of a subpopulation biased to generate astrocytes. Objective 2: I established a cortical lesion model, which allowed the targeted ablation of neurons of defined cortical layers to investigate the regenerative capacity and appropriate specification of postnatal cortical progenitors. Quantitative assessment of surrounding brain regions, including the dorsal SVZ, revealed a transient response of defined progenitor populations. Objective 3: We developed a transgenic mouse line, i.e. Neurog2CreERT2Ai14, which allowed the conditional labeling of birth-dated cohorts of glutamatergic progenitors and their progeny. We used fate-mapping approaches to show that a large fraction of Glu progenitors persist in the postnatal forebrain after closure of the cortical neurogenesis period. Postnatal Glu progenitors do not accumulate during embryonal development but are produced by embryonal RGs that persist after birth in the dorsal SVZ and continue to give rise to cortical neurons, although with low efficiency. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a dysregulation of transcriptional programs, which correlates with the gradual decline in cortical neurogenesis observed in vivo. Altogether, these data highlight the potential of transcriptomic studies to unravel but also to approach fundamental questions such as transcriptional changes occurring in a population of progenitors over time and participating to changes in their fate potential. This knowledge will be key in developing innovative approaches to recruit and promote the generation of selected cell types, including neuronal subtypes in pathologies
Ruiz, Garcia Sandra. "Appréhender l'hétérogénéité cellulaire et la dynamique de différenciation des épithéliums des voies aériennes au moyen de signatures transcriptionnelles sur cellule unique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4204.
Full textHuman airways are lined by a pseudostratified epithelium mainly composed of basal and columnar cells, among these cells we can find multiciliated, secretory cells and goblet cells. All these cells work together in the mucociliary clearance of the airways. This epithelium regenerates slowly under homeostatic conditions but is able to recover quickly after aggressions through proliferation, migration, polarization and differentiation processes. However, in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma or cystic fibrosis, epithelial repair is defective, tissue remodeling occurs, leading to loss of multiciliated cells and goblet cell hyperplasia, impairing correct mucociliary clearance. The sequence of cellular events leading to a functional or remodelled tissue are still poorly described. Hence, we aim at identifying the successive cell types appearing during tissue regeneration and the molecular events that are responsible for healthy or pathological regeneration. We have analysed airway epithelial cell composition at several stages of differentiation using an in vitro 3D culture model which reproduces in vivo epithelial cell composition. Applying single cell transcriptomics and computational methods, we have identified cell lineage hierarchies and thus constructed a comprehensive cell trajectory roadmap in human airways. We have confirmed the cell lineages that have been previously described and have discovered a novel trajectory linking goblet cells to multiciliated cells. We have also discovered novel cell populations and molecular interactors involved in the process of healthy human airway epithelium regeneration. Using these approaches, we have finally shed light on cell-type specific responses involved in pathological goblet cell hyperplasia. Our data, by bringing significant contributions to the understanding of differentiation’s dynamics in the context of healthy and pathological human airway epithelium, may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets
Jestin, Martin. "Modifications du microenvironnement stromal après irradiation localisée du côlon : identification de voies moléculaires pour optimiser le processus de régénération épithéliale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS165.pdf.
Full textPelvic cancers are highly prevalent and are mainly treated with radiotherapy. While radiation therapy may control the tumor, it can also cause damage to surrounding healthy tissue, leading to disabling complications defined as a disease “pelvic radiation disease” (PRD). Currently, there is no curative treatment for this fibrosing pathology. The aims of this project are to study the colonic microenvironment after irradiation with a view to identify new therapeutic targets to improve the management of the colonic sequelae of PRD. For this project, a mouse model developing fibrosing colonic lesions similar to those observed in PRD patients was developed. It consists of localized colorectal irradiation with a single dose of 26Gy. We defined 2 post-irradiation study periods: 2 weeks to study the acute effects of irradiation and the regeneration process, and 12 weeks to study fibrosis. Histological studies characterized the mucosal lesions, with a deep ulcer at 2 weeks and fibrous remodeling at 12 weeks. At the 2 time points studied, an increased and disorganized proliferative process was observed, as well as a deficit in epithelial junction proteins, suggesting a defect in barrier function. We demonstrated the impact of the irradiated colonic microenvironment on epithelial proliferation and differentiation processes using a co-culture system with colonic organoids monitored by video microscopy. Our results validated in vivo observations of increased organoid proliferation in the presence of stroma derived from mice 12 weeks post-irradiation.To characterize stromal mesenchymal cells after irradiation, single-cell RNA sequencing experiments (using EpCAM-CD45-sorted colonic cells and from whole colon) and spatial transcriptomics were performed. They revealed a new marker, Edil3, specific for the major stromal population of the colon. This new marker allowed us to better characterize this cell population in terms of function and localization in the healthy colon. We proposed to call them mesitocytes. In the early stages, we found that this population could differentiate towards a pro-inflammatory profile called "IAF" for "Inflammation-Associated Fibroblasts". We also observed increased expression of transcripts involved in critical functions such as epithelial homeostasis, angiogenesis and inflammation by the majority of mesenchymal cells. The results demonstrate the importance of proliferative molecular signals from lymphatic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, particularly Grem-1. Analysis of the chronic phase after irradiation confirms the increase in proliferative signals from stromal cells. In addition, a new fibroblast cell type associated with fibrosis was observed, characterized by a transcriptional profile different from that of the IAF observed in the early phase. The study of the effects of irradiation on the epithelial compartment revealed significant changes in the colonocyte population and the appearance of epithelial cells with a "revival" phenotype, already described in the literature. Interestingly, these populations have specific localizations in regenerating crypts. We also established the importance of genes such as Lypd8 and Anxa1 in the progression of proliferating epithelial cells towards a "revival" phenotype. Interesting observations from spatial transcriptomic analyses also allow us to hypothesize the role of immune cells in the epithelial regeneration process