Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transcription / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Transcription'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Transcription.
Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Transcription.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Deshmukh, Pallavi, Lalita Shinde, and Namrata Ahire Sayli Kamod. "Transcription Management System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 2100–2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11433.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sheldon, Michael, and Reinberg Danny. "Transcriptional Activation: Tuning-up transcription." Current Biology 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00014-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hensel, Zach, Haidong Feng, Bo Han, Christine Hatem, Xuefang Liu, Jin Wang, and Jie Xiao. "Transcription Activation via Transcriptional Bursting." Biophysical Journal 100, no. 3 (February 2011): 167a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.1129.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wilson, Nicola K., Fernando J. Calero-Nieto, Rita Ferreira, and Berthold Göttgens. "Transcriptional regulation of haematopoietic transcription factors." Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2, no. 1 (2011): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/scrt47.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Melamed, Philippa, Yahav Yosefzon, Sergei Rudnizky, and Lilach Pnueli. "Transcriptional enhancers: Transcription, function and flexibility." Transcription 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21541264.2015.1128517.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Zhang, Yuli, and Linlin Hou. "Alternate Roles of Sox Transcription Factors beyond Transcription Initiation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 5949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115949.

Full text
Abstract:
Sox proteins are known as crucial transcription factors for many developmental processes and for a wide range of common diseases. They were believed to specifically bind and bend DNA with other transcription factors and elicit transcriptional activation or repression activities in the early stage of transcription. However, their functions are not limited to transcription initiation. It has been showed that Sox proteins are involved in the regulation of alternative splicing regulatory networks and translational control. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on how Sox transcription factors such as Sox2, Sry, Sox6, and Sox9 allow the coordination of co-transcriptional splicing and also the mechanism of SOX4-mediated translational control in the context of RNA polymerase III.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Geng, Yanbiao, Peter Laslo, Kevin Barton, and Chyung-Ru Wang. "Transcriptional Regulation ofCD1D1by Ets Family Transcription Factors." Journal of Immunology 175, no. 2 (July 7, 2005): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.1022.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hermsen, Rutger, Sander Tans, and Pieter Rein ten Wolde. "Transcriptional Regulation by Competing Transcription Factor Modules." PLoS Computational Biology 2, no. 12 (2006): e164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020164.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hermsen, Rutger, Sander J. Tans, and Pieter Rein ten Wolde. "Transcriptional Regulation by Competing Transcription Factor Modules." PLoS Computational Biology preprint, no. 2006 (2005): e164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020164.eor.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bettegowda, Anilkumar, and Miles F. Wilkinson. "Transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of spermatogenesis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1546 (May 27, 2010): 1637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0196.

Full text
Abstract:
Spermatogenesis in mammals is achieved by multiple players that pursue a common goal of generating mature spermatozoa. The developmental processes acting on male germ cells that culminate in the production of the functional spermatozoa are regulated at both the transcription and post-transcriptional levels. This review addresses recent progress towards understanding such regulatory mechanisms and identifies future challenges to be addressed in this field. We focus on transcription factors, chromatin-associated factors and RNA-binding proteins necessary for spermatogenesis and/or sperm maturation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern spermatogenesis has enormous implications for new contraceptive approaches and treatments for infertility.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Senecal, Adrien, Brian Munsky, Florence Proux, Nathalie Ly, Floriane E. Braye, Christophe Zimmer, Florian Mueller, and Xavier Darzacq. "Transcription Factors Modulate c-Fos Transcriptional Bursts." Cell Reports 8, no. 1 (July 2014): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.053.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Kassavetis, G. A., and E. P. Geiduschek. "Transcription factor TFIIIB and transcription by RNA polymerase III." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 6 (October 25, 2006): 1082–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341082.

Full text
Abstract:
pol (RNA polymerase) III is charged with the task of transcribing nuclear genes encoding diverse small structural and catalytic RNAs. We present a brief review of the current understanding of several aspects of the pol III transcription apparatus. The focus is on yeast and, more specifically, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae; preponderant attention is given to the TFs (transcription initiation factors) and especially to TFIIIB, which is the core pol III initiation factor by virtue of its role in recruiting pol III to the transcriptional start site and its essential roles in forming the transcription-ready open promoter complex. Certain relatively recent developments are also selected for brief comment: (i) the genome-wide analysis of occupancy of pol III-transcribed genes (and other loci) by the transcription apparatus and the location of pol III transcription in the cell; (ii) progress toward a mechanistic and molecular understanding of the regulation of transcription by pol III in yeast; and (iii) recent experiments identifying a high mobility group protein as a fidelity factor that assures selection of the precise transcriptional start site at certain pol III promoters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Fuhrken, Peter G., Chi Chen, Pani A. Apostolidis, Min Wang, William M. Miller, and Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis. "Gene Ontology-driven transcriptional analysis of CD34+cell-initiated megakaryocytic cultures identifies new transcriptional regulators of megakaryopoiesis." Physiological Genomics 33, no. 2 (April 2008): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00127.2007.

Full text
Abstract:
Differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is an intricate process controlled in large part at the level of transcription. While some key megakaryocytic transcription factors have been identified, the complete network of megakaryocytic transcriptional control is poorly understood. Using global gene expression microarray analysis, Gene Ontology-based functional annotations, and a novel interlineage comparison with parallel, isogenic granulocytic cultures as a negative control, we closely examined the mRNA level of transcriptional regulators in megakaryocytes derived from human mobilized peripheral blood CD34+hematopoietic cells. This approach identified 199 differentially expressed transcription factors or transcriptional regulators. We identified and detailed the transcriptional kinetics of most known megakaryocytic transcription factors including GATA1, FLI1, and MAFG. Furthermore, many genes with transcription factor activity or transcription factor binding activity were identified in megakaryocytes that had not previously been associated with that lineage, including BTEB1, NR4A2, FOXO1A, MEF2C, HDAC5, VDR, and several genes associated with the tumor suppressor p53 (HIPK2, FHL2, and TADA3L). Protein expression and nuclear localization were confirmed in megakaryocytic cells for four of the novel candidate megakaryocytic transcription factors: FHL2, MXD1, E2F3, and RFX5. In light of the hypothesis that transcription factors expressed in a particular differentiation program are important contributors to such a program, these data substantially expand our understanding of transcriptional regulation in megakaryocytic differentiation of stem and progenitor cells.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Hampsey, Michael. "Molecular Genetics of the RNA Polymerase II General Transcriptional Machinery." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 465–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.62.2.465-503.1998.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARY Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) requires interaction between cis-acting promoter elements and trans-acting factors. The eukaryotic promoter consists of core elements, which include the TATA box and other DNA sequences that define transcription start sites, and regulatory elements, which either enhance or repress transcription in a gene-specific manner. The core promoter is the site for assembly of the transcription preinitiation complex, which includes RNA pol II and the general transcription fctors TBP, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH. Regulatory elements bind gene-specific factors, which affect the rate of transcription by interacting, either directly or indirectly, with components of the general transcriptional machinery. A third class of transcription factors, termed coactivators, is not required for basal transcription in vitro but often mediates activation by a broad spectrum of activators. Accordingly, coactivators are neither gene-specific nor general transcription factors, although gene-specific coactivators have been described in metazoan systems. Transcriptional repressors include both gene-specific and general factors. Similar to coactivators, general transcriptional repressors affect the expression of a broad spectrum of genes yet do not repress all genes. General repressors either act through the core transcriptional machinery or are histone related and presumably affect chromatin function. This review focuses on the global effectors of RNA polymerase II transcription in yeast, including the general transcription factors, the coactivators, and the general repressors. Emphasis is placed on the role that yeast genetics has played in identifying these factors and their associated functions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Coulombe, Benoit. "DNA wrapping in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 77, no. 4 (August 25, 1999): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o99-028.

Full text
Abstract:
The DNA wrapping model of transcription stipulates that DNA bending and wrapping around RNA polymerase causes an unwinding of the DNA helix at the enzyme catalytic center that stimulates strand separation prior to initiation and during transcript elongation. Recent experiments with mammalian RNA polymerase II indicate the significance of DNA bending and wrapping in transcriptional mechanisms. These findings have important implications in our understanding of the role of the general transcription factors in transcriptional initiation and the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation.Key words: mRNA synthesis, transcription initiation, RNA polymerase II, DNA wrapping, general transcription factors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Yunger, Sharon, Pinhas Kafri, Liat Rosenfeld, Eliraz Greenberg, Noa Kinor, Yuval Garini, and Yaron Shav-Tal. "S-phase transcriptional buffering quantified on two different promoters." Life Science Alliance 1, no. 5 (September 19, 2018): e201800086. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201800086.

Full text
Abstract:
Imaging of transcription by quantitative fluorescence-based techniques allows the examination of gene expression kinetics in single cells. Using a cell system for the in vivo visualization of mammalian mRNA transcriptional kinetics at single-gene resolution during the cell cycle, we previously demonstrated a reduction in transcription levels after replication. This phenomenon has been described as a homeostasis mechanism that buffers mRNA transcription levels with respect to the cell cycle stage and the number of transcribing alleles. Here, we examined how transcriptional buffering enforced during S phase affects two different promoters, the cytomegalovirus promoter versus the cyclin D1 promoter, that drive the same gene body. We found that global modulation of histone modifications could completely revert the transcription down-regulation imposed during replication. Furthermore, measuring these levels of transcriptional activity in fixed and living cells showed that the transcriptional potential of the genes was significantly higher than actual transcription levels, suggesting that promoters might normally be limited from reaching their full transcriptional potential.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Dunstan, H. M., L. S. Young, and K. U. Sprague. "tRNA(IleIAU) (TFIIIR) plays an indirect role in silkworm class III transcription in vitro and inhibits low-frequency DNA cleavage." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 6 (June 1994): 3596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.6.3596-3603.1994.

Full text
Abstract:
tRNA(IleIAU) provides an activity, originally called TFIIIR, necessary to reconstitute transcription by silkworm RNA polymerase III in vitro from partially purified components. Here we report studies on the role of tRNA(IleIAU) in in vitro transcription. We show that tRNA(IleIAU) does not act positively but, rather, is required to prevent the action of a transcriptional inhibitor. We also show that the presence of tRNA(IleIAU) in transcription reaction mixtures prevents low-frequency DNA cleavage by the TFIIIB fraction. Studies on the mechanism of transcriptional inhibition suggest that this DNA cleavage could cause transcriptional inhibition through trans-inactivation of transcription machinery. The ability to block DNA cleavage, like the ability to facilitate transcription, is highly specific to silkworm tRNA(IleIAU).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Dunstan, H. M., L. S. Young, and K. U. Sprague. "tRNA(IleIAU) (TFIIIR) plays an indirect role in silkworm class III transcription in vitro and inhibits low-frequency DNA cleavage." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 6 (June 1994): 3596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.6.3596.

Full text
Abstract:
tRNA(IleIAU) provides an activity, originally called TFIIIR, necessary to reconstitute transcription by silkworm RNA polymerase III in vitro from partially purified components. Here we report studies on the role of tRNA(IleIAU) in in vitro transcription. We show that tRNA(IleIAU) does not act positively but, rather, is required to prevent the action of a transcriptional inhibitor. We also show that the presence of tRNA(IleIAU) in transcription reaction mixtures prevents low-frequency DNA cleavage by the TFIIIB fraction. Studies on the mechanism of transcriptional inhibition suggest that this DNA cleavage could cause transcriptional inhibition through trans-inactivation of transcription machinery. The ability to block DNA cleavage, like the ability to facilitate transcription, is highly specific to silkworm tRNA(IleIAU).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Smith, J. S. "TRANSCRIPTION: Is S Phase Important for Transcriptional Silencing?" Science 291, no. 5504 (January 26, 2001): 608–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5504.608.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Nikolenko, J. V., Yu V. Shidlovskii, L. A. Lebedeva, A. N. Krasnov, S. G. Georgieva, and E. N. Nabirochkina. "Transcriptional Coactivator SAYP Can Suppress Transcription in Heterochromatin." Russian Journal of Genetics 41, no. 8 (August 2005): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11177-005-0169-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Bloor, Adrian, Ekaterina Kotsopoulou, Penny Hayward, Brian Champion, and Anthony Green. "RFP represses transcriptional activation by bHLH transcription factors." Oncogene 24, no. 45 (June 27, 2005): 6729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208828.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Zhang, Lang, Haoyue Yu, Pan Wang, Qingyang Ding, and Zhao Wang. "Screening of transcription factors with transcriptional initiation activity." Gene 531, no. 1 (November 2013): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.054.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Fingerhut, Jaclyn M., Romain Lannes, Troy W. Whitfield, Prathapan Thiru, and Yukiko M. Yamashita. "Co-transcriptional splicing facilitates transcription of gigantic genes." PLOS Genetics 20, no. 6 (June 13, 2024): e1011241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011241.

Full text
Abstract:
Although introns are typically tens to thousands of nucleotides, there are notable exceptions. In flies as well as humans, a small number of genes contain introns that are more than 1000 times larger than typical introns, exceeding hundreds of kilobases (kb) to megabases (Mb). It remains unknown why gigantic introns exist and how cells overcome the challenges associated with their transcription and RNA processing. The Drosophila Y chromosome contains some of the largest genes identified to date: multiple genes exceed 4Mb, with introns accounting for over 99% of the gene span. Here we demonstrate that co-transcriptional splicing of these gigantic Y-linked genes is important to ensure successful transcription: perturbation of splicing led to the attenuation of transcription, leading to a failure to produce mature mRNA. Cytologically, defective splicing of the Y-linked gigantic genes resulted in disorganization of transcripts within the nucleus suggestive of entanglement of transcripts, likely resulting from unspliced long RNAs. We propose that co-transcriptional splicing maintains the length of nascent transcripts of gigantic genes under a critical threshold, preventing their entanglement and ensuring proper gene expression. Our study reveals a novel biological significance of co-transcriptional splicing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Munshi, Rahul. "How Transcription Factor Clusters Shape the Transcriptional Landscape." Biomolecules 14, no. 7 (July 20, 2024): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14070875.

Full text
Abstract:
In eukaryotic cells, gene transcription typically occurs in discrete periods of promoter activity, interspersed with intervals of inactivity. This pattern deviates from simple stochastic events and warrants a closer examination of the molecular interactions that activate the promoter. Recent studies have identified transcription factor (TF) clusters as key precursors to transcriptional bursting. Often, these TF clusters form at chromatin segments that are physically distant from the promoter, making changes in chromatin conformation crucial for promoter–TF cluster interactions. In this review, I explore the formation and constituents of TF clusters, examining how the dynamic interplay between chromatin architecture and TF clustering influences transcriptional bursting. Additionally, I discuss techniques for visualizing TF clusters and provide an outlook on understanding the remaining gaps in this field.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

O’Callaghan, Chris, Da Lin, and Thomas K. Hiron. "Intragenic transcriptional interference regulates the human immune ligand MICA." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 109.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.109.23.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Regulation of MICA expression is incompletely understood, but human MICA can be upregulated in cancer cells, virus-infected cells and rapidly proliferating cells. Binding of MICA to the activating NKG2D receptor on cytotoxic immune cells promotes elimination of the cell expressing MICA. We noted that MICA has tandem promoters that drive overlapping forward transcription. We show that the MICA gene contains a conserved upstream promoter that expresses a non coding transcript. Transcription from the upstream promoter represses transcription from the standard downstream MICA promoter in cis through transcriptional interference. The effect of transcriptional interference depends on the strength of transcription from the upstream promoter and quantitative studies show that it is described by a simple reciprocal repressor function. The time course of transcriptional interference coincides with recruitment at the standard downstream promoter of factors involved in nucleosomal remodeling during transcription. Transcriptional interference is demonstrated in the regulation of MICA expression by the physiological inputs interferon-γ and interleukin-4, that both act through regulatory DNA elements in the upstream promoter. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of MICA expression. Transcription factors activating the downstream promoter will upregulate MICA expression, whereas transcription factors activating the upstream promoter will downregulated MICA expression. A genome-wide analysis indicates that transcriptional interference between tandem intragenic promoters may be involved in regulating the expression of multiple other human genes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

ARAO, Yukitomo, Etsuko YAMAMOTO, Naoto MIYATAKE, Yuichi NINOMIYA, Taisuke UMEHARA, Hiroyuki KAWASHIMA, Shoichi MASUSHIGE, Tadao HASEGAWA, and Shigeaki KATO. "A synthetic oestrogen antagonist, tamoxifen, inhibits oestrogen-induced transcriptional, but not post-transcriptional, regulation of gene expression." Biochemical Journal 313, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3130269.

Full text
Abstract:
Oestrogen (E2) regulates the expression of its target genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. To clarify the mechanism of E2-induced post-transcriptional regulation, with attention to the involvement of the oestrogen receptor (ER), we studied the effect of tamoxifen (TAM), a synthetic E2 antagonist that inhibits ER-mediated transcription, on E2-induced transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the chicken ovalbumin (OVA) gene in chick oviducts. Run-on analysis with oviduct nuclei isolated from E2-treated chicks showed that TAM treatment completely blocked E2-induced transcription of the OVA gene within 24 h without affecting ER gene expression. Likewise, the rate of transcription fell to below the limit of detection after E2 withdrawal from the chicks. Reflecting the transcription rate, OVA mRNA accumulated linearly in E2-treated chicks, and E2 withdrawal caused a rapid loss of OVA mRNA. However, in the chicks treated with TAM and E2, OVA mRNA was degraded slowly over 48 h with a half-life of 24 h, suggesting that TAM does not inhibit E2-induced mRNA stabilization. Moreover, E2-induced mRNA stabilization was observed even when transcription of the OVA gene was blocked by a transcription inhibitor. Western-blot analysis showed that the remaining OVA mRNA was translatable. Thus the present study indicates that E2 regulates expression of the OVA gene via distinct pathways at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Spector, M. S., A. Raff, H. DeSilva, K. Lee, and M. A. Osley. "Hir1p and Hir2p function as transcriptional corepressors to regulate histone gene transcription in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 2 (February 1997): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.2.545.

Full text
Abstract:
The HIR/HPC (histone regulation/histone periodic control) negative regulators play important roles in the transcription of six of the eight core histone genes during the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. The phenotypes of hir1 and hir2 mutants suggested that the wild-type HIR1 and HIR2 genes encode transcriptional repressors that function in the absence of direct DNA binding. When Hir1p and Hir2p were artificially tethered to yeast promoters, each protein repressed transcription, suggesting that they represent a new class of transcriptional corepressors. The two proteins might function as a complex in vivo: Hir2p required both Hir1p and another Hir protein, Hir3p, to repress transcription when it was tethered to an HTA1-lacZ reporter gene, and Hir1p and Hir2p could be coimmunoprecipitated from yeast cell extracts. Tethered Hir1p also directed the periodic transcription of the HTA1 gene and repressed HTA1 transcription in response to two cell cycle regulatory signals. Thus, it represents the first example of a transcriptional corepressor with a direct role in cell cycle-regulated transcription.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Yu, Wangjie, Hao Zheng, Jeffrey L. Price, and Paul E. Hardin. "DOUBLETIME Plays a Noncatalytic Role To Mediate CLOCK Phosphorylation and Repress CLOCK-Dependent Transcription within the Drosophila Circadian Clock." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 6 (January 12, 2009): 1452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01777-08.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Circadian clocks keep time via gene expression feedback loops that are controlled by time-of-day-specific changes in the synthesis, activity, and degradation of transcription factors. Within the Drosophila melanogaster circadian clock, DOUBLETIME (DBT) kinase is necessary for the phosphorylation of PERIOD (PER), a transcriptional repressor, and CLOCK (CLK), a transcriptional activator, as CLK-dependent transcription is being repressed. PER- and DBT-containing protein complexes feed back to repress CLK-dependent transcription, but how DBT promotes PER and CLK phosphorylation and how PER and CLK phosphorylation contributes to transcriptional repression have not been defined. Here, we show that DBT catalytic activity is not required for CLK phosphorylation or transcriptional repression and that PER phosphorylation is dispensable for repressing CLK-dependent transcription. These results support a model in which DBT plays a novel noncatalytic role in recruiting additional kinases that phosphorylate CLK, thereby repressing transcription. A similar mechanism likely operates in mammals, given the conserved activities of PER, DBT, and CLK orthologs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Lv, Xiaoyang, Wei Sun, Shuangxia Zou, Ling Chen, Joram M. Mwacharo, and Jinyu Wang. "Characteristics of the BMP7 Promoter in Hu Sheep." Animals 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110874.

Full text
Abstract:
The BMP7 gene is involved in the growth and development of hair follicles but its regulation mechanism is unclear. We studied the regulation mechanism of the BMP7 promoter by cloning the proximal promoter of BMP7 for bioinformatics analysis. A series of missing vectors was then constructed for dual-fluorescein activity detection based on the bioinformatics analysis results. We tested transcription-factor binding-site mutations and transcription factor over-expression to analyze the transcriptional regulation principle of the BMP7 promoter region. The upstream transcriptional regulatory region of the BMP7 gene proximal promoter was predicted by bioinformatics. There were −1216 bp to −1166 bp and −632 bp to −582 bp transcription initiation sites in the upstream transcriptional regulatory region of the BMP7 gene proximal promoter. The CpG islands’ distribution showed that there were many CpG islands at −549 bp to 1 bp. A dual-luciferase assay revealed high activity between −758 bp and −545 bp in the core region and a possible binding site for transcription factors SP1 and EGR1. The transcriptional activity of BMP7 was significantly decreased in the transcriptional regulatory region of the BMP7 after EGR1 and SP1 mutation. Transcription was significantly enhanced by over expression of the EGR1 transcription factor, which strongly suggests that EGR1 and SP1 play important roles in BMP7 regulation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Grichnik, J. M., B. A. French, and R. J. Schwartz. "The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region exhibits partial dyad symmetry and a capacity to drive bidirectional transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 11 (November 1988): 4587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.11.4587-4597.1988.

Full text
Abstract:
The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region (-202 to -12) provides myogenic transcriptional specificity. This promoter contains partial dyad symmetry about an axis at nucleotide -108 and in transfection experiments is capable of directing transcription in a bidirectional manner. At least three different transcription initiation start sites, oriented toward upstream sequences, were mapped 25 to 30 base pairs from TATA-like regions. The opposing transcriptional activity was potentiated upon the deletion of sequences proximal to the alpha-actin transcription start site. Thus, sequences which serve to position RNA polymerase for alpha-actin transcription may allow, in their absence, the selection of alternative and reverse-oriented start sites. Nuclear runoff transcription assays of embryonic muscle indicated that divergent transcription may occur in vivo but with rapid turnover of nuclear transcripts. Divergent transcriptional activity enabled us to define the 3' regulatory boundary of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter which retains a high level of myogenic transcriptional activity. The 3' regulatory border was detected when serial 3' deletions bisected the element (-91 CCAAA TATGG -82) which reduced transcriptional activity by 80%. Previously we showed that disruption of its upstream counterpart (-127 CCAAAGAAGG -136) resulted in about a 90% decrease in activity. These element pairs, which we describe as CCAAT box-associated repeats, are conserved in all sequenced vertebrate sarcomeric actin genes and may act in a cooperative manner to facilitate transcription in myogenic cells.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Grichnik, J. M., B. A. French, and R. J. Schwartz. "The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region exhibits partial dyad symmetry and a capacity to drive bidirectional transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 11 (November 1988): 4587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.11.4587.

Full text
Abstract:
The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region (-202 to -12) provides myogenic transcriptional specificity. This promoter contains partial dyad symmetry about an axis at nucleotide -108 and in transfection experiments is capable of directing transcription in a bidirectional manner. At least three different transcription initiation start sites, oriented toward upstream sequences, were mapped 25 to 30 base pairs from TATA-like regions. The opposing transcriptional activity was potentiated upon the deletion of sequences proximal to the alpha-actin transcription start site. Thus, sequences which serve to position RNA polymerase for alpha-actin transcription may allow, in their absence, the selection of alternative and reverse-oriented start sites. Nuclear runoff transcription assays of embryonic muscle indicated that divergent transcription may occur in vivo but with rapid turnover of nuclear transcripts. Divergent transcriptional activity enabled us to define the 3' regulatory boundary of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter which retains a high level of myogenic transcriptional activity. The 3' regulatory border was detected when serial 3' deletions bisected the element (-91 CCAAA TATGG -82) which reduced transcriptional activity by 80%. Previously we showed that disruption of its upstream counterpart (-127 CCAAAGAAGG -136) resulted in about a 90% decrease in activity. These element pairs, which we describe as CCAAT box-associated repeats, are conserved in all sequenced vertebrate sarcomeric actin genes and may act in a cooperative manner to facilitate transcription in myogenic cells.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Shih, H. M., C. C. Chang, H. Y. Kuo, and D. Y. Lin. "Daxx mediates SUMO-dependent transcriptional control and subnuclear compartmentalization." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 6 (November 23, 2007): 1397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351397.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) modification is emerging as an important post-translational control in transcription. In general, SUMO modification is associated with transcriptional repression. Although many SUMO-modified transcription factors and co-activators have been identified, little is known about the mechanism underlying SUMOylation-elicited transcriptional repression. Here, we summarize that SUMO modification of transcription factors such as androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, Smad4 and CBP [CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein)-binding protein] co-activator results in the recruitment of a transcriptional co-repressor Daxx, thereby causing transcriptional repression. Such a SUMO-dependent recruitment of Daxx is mediated by the interaction between the SUMO moiety of SUMOylated factors and Daxx SUMO-interacting motif. Interestingly, the transrepression effect of Daxx on these SUMOylated transcription factors can be relieved by SUMOylated PML (promyelocytic leukaemia) via altering Daxx partition from the targeted gene promoter to PML nuclear bodies. Because Daxx SUMO-interacting motif is a common binding site for SUMOylated factors, a model of competition for Daxx recruitment between SUMOylated PML and SUMOylated transcription factors was proposed. Together, our findings strongly suggest that Daxx functions as a SUMO reader in the SUMO-dependent regulation of transcription and subnuclear compartmentalization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Matthews, J. L., M. G. Zwick, and M. R. Paule. "Coordinate regulation of ribosomal component synthesis in Acanthamoeba castellanii: 5S RNA transcription is down regulated during encystment by alteration of TFIIIA activity." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 6 (June 1995): 3327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.6.3327.

Full text
Abstract:
Transcription of large rRNA precursor and 5S RNA were examined during encystment of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Both transcription units are down regulated almost coordinately during this process, though 5S RNA transcription is not as completely shut down as rRNA transcription. The protein components necessary for transcription of 5S RNA and tRNA were determined, and fractions containing transcription factors comparable to TFIIIA, TFIIIB, and TFIIIC, as well as RNA polymerase III and a 3'-end processing activity, were identified. Regulation of 5S RNA transcription could be recapitulated in vitro, and the activities of the required components were compared. In contrast to regulation of precursor rRNA, there is no apparent change during encystment in the activity of the polymerase dedicated to 5S RNA expression. Similarly, the transcriptional and promoter-binding activities of TFIIIC are not altered in parallel with 5S RNA regulation. TFIIIB transcriptional activity is unaltered in encysting cells. In contrast, both the transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of TFIIIA are strongly reduced in nuclear extracts from transcriptionally inactive cells. These results were analyzed in terms of mechanisms for coordinate regulation of rRNA and 5S RNA expression.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Kaminski, Tim Patrick, Jan Peter Siebrasse, and Ulrich Kubitscheck. "Transcription regulation during stable elongation by a reversible halt of RNA polymerase II." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 14 (July 15, 2014): 2190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0755.

Full text
Abstract:
Regulation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) during transcription is essential for controlling gene expression. Here we report that the transcriptional activity of RNAPII at the Balbiani ring 2.1 gene could be halted during stable elongation in salivary gland cells of Chironomus tentans larvae for extended time periods in a regulated manner. The transcription halt was triggered by heat shock and affected all RNAPII independently of their position in the gene. During the halt, incomplete transcripts and RNAPII remained at the transcription site, the phosphorylation state of RNAPII was unaltered, and the transcription bubbles remained open. The transcription of halted transcripts was resumed upon relief of the heat shock. The observed mechanism allows cells to interrupt transcription for extended time periods and rapidly reactivate it without the need to reinitiate transcription of the complete gene. Our results suggest a so-far-unknown level of transcriptional control in eukaryotic cells.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Hethke, Carina, Agnes Bergerat, Winfried Hausner, Patrick Forterre, and Michael Thomm. "Cell-Free Transcription at 95°: Thermostability of Transcriptional Components and DNA Topology Requirements of Pyrococcus Transcription." Genetics 152, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 1325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.4.1325.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Cell-free transcription of archaeal promoters is mediated by two archaeal transcription factors, aTBP and TFB, which are orthologues of the eukaryotic transcription factors TBP and TFIIB. Using the cell-free transcription system described for the hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus by Hethke et al., the temperature limits and template topology requirements of archaeal transcription were investigated. aTBP activity was not affected after incubation for 1 hr at 100°. In contrast, the half-life of RNA polymerase activity was 23 min and that of TFB activity was 3 min. The half-life of a 328-nt RNA product was 10 min at 100°. Best stability of RNA was observed at pH 6, at 400 mm K-glutamate in the absence of Mg2+ ions. Physiological concentrations of K-glutamate were found to stabilize protein components in addition, indicating that salt is an important extrinsic factor contributing to thermostability. Both RNA and proteins were stabilized by the osmolyte betaine at a concentration of 1 m. The highest activity for RNA synthesis at 95° was obtained in the presence of 1 m betaine and 400 mm K-glutamate. Positively supercoiled DNA, which was found to exist in Pyrococcus cells, can be transcribed in vitro both at 70° and 90°. However, negatively supercoiled DNA was the preferred template at all temperatures tested. Analyses of transcripts from plasmid topoisomers harboring the glutamate dehydrogenase promoter and of transcription reactions conducted in the presence of reverse gyrase indicate that positive supercoiling of DNA inhibits transcription from this promoter.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Lopez, Alex B., Chuanping Wang, Charlie C. Huang, Ibrahim Yaman, Yi Li, Kaushik Chakravarty, Peter F. Johnson, et al. "A feedback transcriptional mechanism controls the level of the arginine/lysine transporter cat-1 during amino acid starvation." Biochemical Journal 402, no. 1 (January 25, 2007): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060941.

Full text
Abstract:
The adaptive response to amino acid limitation in mammalian cells inhibits global protein synthesis and promotes the expression of proteins that protect cells from stress. The arginine/lysine transporter, cat-1, is induced during amino acid starvation by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. It is shown in the present study that the transient induction of cat-1 transcription is regulated by the stress response pathway that involves phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor, eIF2 (eukaryotic initiation factor-2). This phosphorylation induces expression of the bZIP (basic leucine zipper protein) transcription factors C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein)-β and ATF (activating transcription factor) 4, which in turn induces ATF3. Transfection experiments in control and mutant cells, and chromatin immunoprecipitations showed that ATF4 activates, whereas ATF3 represses cat-1 transcription, via an AARE (amino acid response element), TGATGAAAC, in the first exon of the cat-1 gene, which functions both in the endogenous and in a heterologous promoter. ATF4 and C/EBPβ activated transcription when expressed in transfected cells and they bound as heterodimers to the AARE in vitro. The induction of transcription by ATF4 was inhibited by ATF3, which also bound to the AARE as a heterodimer with C/EBPβ. These results suggest that the transient increase in cat-1 transcription is due to transcriptional activation caused by ATF4 followed by transcriptional repression by ATF3 via a feedback mechanism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Fu, Yan-Fang, Ting-Ting Du, Mei Dong, Kang-Yong Zhu, Chang-Bin Jing, Yong Zhang, Lei Wang, et al. "Mir-144 selectively regulates embryonic α-hemoglobin synthesis during primitive erythropoiesis." Blood 113, no. 6 (February 5, 2009): 1340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-08-174854.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Precise transcriptional control of developmental stage-specific expression and switching of α- and β-globin genes is significantly important to understand the general principles controlling gene expression and the pathogenesis of thalassemia. Although transcription factors regulating β-globin genes have been identified, little is known about the microRNAs and trans-acting mechanism controlling α-globin genes transcription. Here, we show that an erythroid lineage-specific microRNA gene, miR-144, expressed at specific developmental stages during zebrafish embryogenesis, negatively regulates the embryonic α-globin, but not embryonic β-globin, gene expression, through physiologically targeting klfd, an erythroid-specific Krüppel-like transcription factor. Klfd selectively binds to the CACCC boxes in the promoters of both α-globin and miR-144 genes to activate their transcriptions, thus forming a negative feedback circuitry to fine-tune the expression of embryonic α-globin gene. The selective effect of the miR-144-Klfd pathway on globin gene regulation may thereby constitute a novel therapeutic target for improving the clinical outcome of patients with thalassemia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Acevedo, Mari Luz, and W. Lee Kraus. "Transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors." Essays in Biochemistry 40 (June 1, 2004): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0400073.

Full text
Abstract:
Transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors (NRs) involves the recruitment of distinct classes of co-activators and other transcription-related factors to target promoters in the chromatin environment of the nucleus. Chromatin has a general repressive effect on transcription, but also provides opportunities for NRs to regulate transcription by directing specific patterns of chromatin remodelling and histone modification. Ultimately, the transcription of hormone-regulated genes by NRs is critically dependent on co-ordinated physical and functional interactions among the receptors, chromatin, co-activators with chromatin-, histone- and factor-modifying activities, and the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery. In addition, several mechanisms exist to terminate or attenuate NR-dependent signalling, including modification, recycling, subcellular redistribution and degradation of the receptors or their associated cofactors. The complexity of NR-dependent transcription provides multiple targets for regulatory inputs, thus allowing each hormone-responsive cell to direct its transcriptional output in a physiologically appropriate manner.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Pedro, Kyle D., Luis M. Agosto, Jared A. Sewell, Kimberly A. Eberenz, Xianbao He, Juan I. Fuxman Bass, and Andrew J. Henderson. "A functional screen identifies transcriptional networks that regulate HIV-1 and HIV-2." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (March 8, 2021): e2012835118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012835118.

Full text
Abstract:
The molecular networks involved in the regulation of HIV replication, transcription, and latency remain incompletely defined. To expand our understanding of these networks, we performed an unbiased high-throughput yeast one-hybrid screen, which identified 42 human transcription factors and 85 total protein–DNA interactions with HIV-1 and HIV-2 long terminal repeats. We investigated a subset of these transcription factors for transcriptional activity in cell-based models of infection. KLF2 and KLF3 repressed HIV-1 and HIV-2 transcription in CD4+ T cells, whereas PLAGL1 activated transcription of HIV-2 through direct protein–DNA interactions. Using computational modeling with interacting proteins, we leveraged the results from our screen to identify putative pathways that define intrinsic transcriptional networks. Overall, we used a high-throughput functional screen, computational modeling, and biochemical assays to identify and confirm several candidate transcription factors and biochemical processes that influence HIV-1 and HIV-2 transcription and latency.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Hagen, G., and T. J. Guilfoyle. "Rapid induction of selective transcription by auxins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 6 (June 1985): 1197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.6.1197-1203.1985.

Full text
Abstract:
Nuclei isolated from excised soybean plumules that were treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were active in transcription of four auxin-regulated genes or DNA sequences, which have been described previously (G. Hagen, A. Kleinschmidt, and T. Guilfoyle, Planta 162:147-153, 1984). The rates of transcription of the auxin-responsive sequences were 10- to 100-fold greater with nuclei isolated from auxin-treated plumules than with those from untreated plumules. The transcriptional response was also observed with hypocotyls of intact soybean seedlings and hypocotyl sections, as well as with green bean and mung bean plumules that were treated with 2,4-D. Other auxins, including 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid, also induced the transcriptional response. Increased transcription rates were observed within 5 min after application of auxins to excised plumules, and half-maximal to maximal transcription rates were achieved by 15 min after application of auxins. As little as 10(-7) to 10(-8) M 2,4-D induced a transcriptional response, but maximal transcription rates were achieved at 10(-3) M 2,4-D. Brief treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide did not inhibit the induction of transcription by auxins. These results clearly demonstrated that auxin-regulated gene expression is under rapid transcriptional control.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Hagen, G., and T. J. Guilfoyle. "Rapid induction of selective transcription by auxins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 6 (June 1985): 1197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.6.1197.

Full text
Abstract:
Nuclei isolated from excised soybean plumules that were treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were active in transcription of four auxin-regulated genes or DNA sequences, which have been described previously (G. Hagen, A. Kleinschmidt, and T. Guilfoyle, Planta 162:147-153, 1984). The rates of transcription of the auxin-responsive sequences were 10- to 100-fold greater with nuclei isolated from auxin-treated plumules than with those from untreated plumules. The transcriptional response was also observed with hypocotyls of intact soybean seedlings and hypocotyl sections, as well as with green bean and mung bean plumules that were treated with 2,4-D. Other auxins, including 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid, also induced the transcriptional response. Increased transcription rates were observed within 5 min after application of auxins to excised plumules, and half-maximal to maximal transcription rates were achieved by 15 min after application of auxins. As little as 10(-7) to 10(-8) M 2,4-D induced a transcriptional response, but maximal transcription rates were achieved at 10(-3) M 2,4-D. Brief treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide did not inhibit the induction of transcription by auxins. These results clearly demonstrated that auxin-regulated gene expression is under rapid transcriptional control.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Górska-Kołodziejska, Agata. "The role of transcription in a didactic process on the examples of chamber works scored for piano for four hands and for two pianos." Konteksty Kształcenia Muzycznego 7, no. 1(11) (December 31, 2020): 11–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6462.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the article is to demonstrate the need for employing transcriptions of well-known musical works in the teaching of piano performance for four hands and for two pianos. The origins of the concept of transcription is presented, development of transcription in the context of the history of musical forms is traced back, as well as performance-related aspects of a transcription are analysed. The article shows advantages of a transcription as an arrangement developing the pianist’s technique and art of interpretation. The publication also includes a list of the transcribed pieces available from the Petrucci Online Library, as well as a list of original transcriptions of the 19th-century Polish composers scored for four hands. The article also features a link to the recordings of selected transcriptions of popular operatic, symphonic and chamber works, made by the author of the article together with Agata Kalińska-Bonińska.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Jones, L., H. Richardson, and R. Saint. "Tissue-specific regulation of cyclin E transcription during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis." Development 127, no. 21 (November 1, 2000): 4619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.21.4619.

Full text
Abstract:
Cyclin E is an essential regulator of S phase entry. We have previously shown that transcriptional regulation of the gene that encodes Drosophila cyclin E, DmcycE, plays an important role in the control of the G(1) to S phase transition during development. We report here the first comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional regulation of a G(1)phase cell cycle regulatory gene during embryogenesis. Analysis of deficiencies, a genomic transformant and reporter gene constructs revealed that DmcycE transcription is controlled by a large and complex cis-regulatory region containing tissue- and stage-specific components. Separate regulatory elements for transcription in epidermal cells during cell cycles 14–16, central nervous system cells and peripheral nervous system cells were found. An additional cis-regulatory element drives transcription in thoracic epidermal cells that undergo a 17th cell cycle when other epidermal cells have arrested in G(1)phase prior to terminal differentiation. The complexity of DmcycE transcriptional regulation argues against a model in which DmcycE transcription is regulated simply and solely by G(1) to S phase transcription regulators such as RB, E2F and DP. Rather, our study demonstrates that tissue-specific transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are important components of the control of cyclin E transcription and thus of cell proliferation in metazoans.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Sui, Zhiyuan, Yongjie Zhang, Zhishuai Zhang, Chenguang Wang, Xiaojun Li, Feng Xing, and Mingxing Chu. "Analysis of Lin28B Promoter Activity and Screening of Related Transcription Factors in Dolang Sheep." Genes 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2023): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14051049.

Full text
Abstract:
The Lin28B gene is involved in the initiation of puberty, but its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to study the regulatory mechanism of the Lin28B promoter by cloning the Lin28B proximal promoter for bioinformatic analysis. Next, a series of deletion vectors were constructed based on the bioinformatic analysis results for dual-fluorescein activity detection. The transcriptional regulation mechanism of the Lin28B promoter region was analyzed by detecting mutations in transcription factor-binding sites and overexpression of transcription factors. The dual-luciferase assay showed that the Lin28B promoter region −837 to −338 bp had the highest transcriptional activity, and the transcriptional activity of the Lin28B transcriptional regulatory region decreased significantly after Egr1 and SP1 mutations. Overexpression of the Egr1 transcription factor significantly enhanced the transcription of Lin28B, and the results indicated that Egr1 and SP1 play important roles in regulating Lin28B. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the transcriptional regulation of sheep Lin28B during puberty initiation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Thiel, Gerald, and Oliver G. Rössler. "TRPM3-Induced Gene Transcription Is under Epigenetic Control." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 7 (July 10, 2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15070846.

Full text
Abstract:
Transient receptor potential M3 (TRPM3) cation channels regulate numerous biological functions, including gene transcription. Stimulation of TRPM3 channels with pregnenolone sulfate activates stimulus-responsive transcription factors, which bind to short cognate sequences in the promoters of their target genes. In addition, coregulator proteins are involved that convert the chromatin into a configuration that is permissive for gene transcription. In this study, we determined whether TRPM3-induced gene transcription requires coactivators that change the acetylation pattern of histones. We used compound A485, a specific inhibitor of the histone acetyltransferases CBP and p300. In addition, the role of bromodomain proteins that bind to acetylated lysine residues of histones was analyzed. We used JQ1, an inhibitor of bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family proteins. The results show that both compounds attenuated the activation of AP-1 and CREB-regulated gene transcription following stimulation of TRPM3 channels. Inhibition of CBP/p300 and BET proteins additionally reduced the transcriptional activation potential of the transcription factors c-Fos and Elk-1. Transcriptional upregulation of the interleukin-8 gene was attenuated by A485 and JQ1, indicating that proinflammatory cytokine expression is controlled by CBP/p300 and bromodomain proteins. We conclude that TRPM3-induced signaling involves transcriptional coactivators and acetyl-lysine-bound bromodomain proteins for activating gene transcription.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Therizols, Pierre, Robert S. Illingworth, Celine Courilleau, Shelagh Boyle, Andrew J. Wood, and Wendy A. Bickmore. "Chromatin decondensation is sufficient to alter nuclear organization in embryonic stem cells." Science 346, no. 6214 (December 4, 2014): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1259587.

Full text
Abstract:
During differentiation, thousands of genes are repositioned toward or away from the nuclear envelope. These movements correlate with changes in transcription and replication timing. Using synthetic (TALE) transcription factors, we found that transcriptional activation of endogenous genes by a viral trans-activator is sufficient to induce gene repositioning toward the nuclear interior in embryonic stem cells. However, gene relocation was also induced by recruitment of an acidic peptide that decondenses chromatin without affecting transcription, indicating that nuclear reorganization is driven by chromatin remodeling rather than transcription. We identified an epigenetic inheritance of chromatin decondensation that maintained central nuclear positioning through mitosis even after the TALE transcription factor was lost. Our results also demonstrate that transcriptional activation, but not chromatin decondensation, is sufficient to change replication timing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Wood, David M., Renwick C. J. Dobson, and Christopher R. Horne. "Using cryo-EM to uncover mechanisms of bacterial transcriptional regulation." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 6 (December 2, 2021): 2711–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20210674.

Full text
Abstract:
Transcription is the principal control point for bacterial gene expression, and it enables a global cellular response to an intracellular or environmental trigger. Transcriptional regulation is orchestrated by transcription factors, which activate or repress transcription of target genes by modulating the activity of RNA polymerase. Dissecting the nature and precise choreography of these interactions is essential for developing a molecular understanding of transcriptional regulation. While the contribution of X-ray crystallography has been invaluable, the ‘resolution revolution’ of cryo-electron microscopy has transformed our structural investigations, enabling large, dynamic and often transient transcription complexes to be resolved that in many cases had resisted crystallisation. In this review, we highlight the impact cryo-electron microscopy has had in gaining a deeper understanding of transcriptional regulation in bacteria. We also provide readers working within the field with an overview of the recent innovations available for cryo-electron microscopy sample preparation and image reconstruction of transcription complexes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Pérez-Schindler, Joaquín, Bastian Kohl, Konstantin Schneider-Heieck, Aurel B. Leuchtmann, Carlos Henríquez-Olguín, Volkan Adak, Geraldine Maier, et al. "RNA-bound PGC-1α controls gene expression in liquid-like nuclear condensates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 36 (August 31, 2021): e2105951118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105951118.

Full text
Abstract:
Plasticity of cells, tissues, and organs is controlled by the coordinated transcription of biological programs. However, the mechanisms orchestrating such context-specific transcriptional networks mediated by the dynamic interplay of transcription factors and coregulators are poorly understood. The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a prototypical master regulator of adaptive transcription in various cell types. We now uncovered a central function of the C-terminal domain of PGC-1α to bind RNAs and assemble multiprotein complexes including proteins that control gene transcription and RNA processing. These interactions are important for PGC-1α recruitment to chromatin in transcriptionally active liquid-like nuclear condensates. Notably, such a compartmentalization of active transcription mediated by liquid–liquid phase separation was observed in mouse and human skeletal muscle, revealing a mechanism by which PGC-1α regulates complex transcriptional networks. These findings provide a broad conceptual framework for context-dependent transcriptional control of phenotypic adaptations in metabolically active tissues.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Clark, Emma L., Frances V. Fuller-Pace, David J. Elliott, and Craig N. Robson. "Coupling transcription to RNA processing via the p68 DEAD box RNA helicase androgen receptor co-activator in prostate cancer." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 3 (May 21, 2008): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360546.

Full text
Abstract:
The mechanisms involved in the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent PCa (prostate cancer) remain largely undefined. The AR (androgen receptor) is an androgen-dependent transcription factor and is thought to play an important role in the development of both androgen-dependent and -independent prostatic malignancy. AR-mediated transcription is regulated by the binding of various cofactor proteins to the AR that facilitate transcriptional initiation and elongation. Elucidating the mechanisms by which cofactors regulate AR transcriptional activity may reveal the therapeutic potential of cofactors in PCa. Current models of gene expression indicate that transcription and RNA processing are tightly coupled. In this review, we discuss how the ATP-dependent DEAD box RNA helicase p68, which has established roles in transcription and RNA processing, may function as an ‘adaptor’ or coupling protein to facilitate cross-talk between transcription and RNA processing in AR-regulated genes by controlling the rate of transcriptional initiation/elongation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

PEI, Lin. "Transcriptional repressor of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor mediates repression through interactions with TFIIB and TFIIEβ." Biochemical Journal 360, no. 3 (December 10, 2001): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3600633.

Full text
Abstract:
The transcriptional repressor for rat vasoactive-intestinal-polypeptide receptor 1 (VIPR-RP) is a recently characterized transcription factor that belongs to a family of proteins, which include components of the DNA replication factor C complex. In this study, I investigated the mechanisms by which VIPR-RP represses transcription. I show here that transcriptional repression by VIPR-RP is mediated by a histone deacetylase-independent mechanism. I provide evidence that VIPR-RP makes direct physical contacts with two proteins of the basal transcription apparatus, the transcription factors TFIIB and TFIIEβ. The interaction with TFIIB is mediated by the N-terminal 180 amino acids, whereas the interactive domain with TFIIEβ is located between residues 367 and 527 of VIPR-RP. Using gel mobility-shift assays I demonstrated that interaction between VIPR-RP and TFIIB prevents the recruitment of TFIIB into a DNA–TATA-box-binding protein complex. My results indicate that VIPR-RP mediates transcriptional repression through direct interactions with the general transcription machinery.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'Transcription' for other source types:
Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography