Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transcription/translation

Academic literature on the topic 'Transcription/translation'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transcription/translation"

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Vinson, Valda. "Coupling transcription and translation." Science 356, no. 6334 (April 13, 2017): 149.17–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.356.6334.149-q.

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Vinson, Valda. "Coupling transcription and translation." Science 369, no. 6509 (September 10, 2020): 1335.2–1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.369.6509.1335-b.

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Kimberling, William J. "Transcription, Translation, and Transitions." Audiology and Neurotology 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000074182.

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Pislaru, Sorin, and Robert D. Simari. "The Translation of Transcription." Circulation Research 97, no. 11 (November 25, 2005): 1083–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.res.0000194573.70503.b9.

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D’Souza, Aaron R., and Michal Minczuk. "Mitochondrial transcription and translation: overview." Essays in Biochemistry 62, no. 3 (July 20, 2018): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170102.

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Mitochondria are the major source of ATP in the cell. Five multi-subunit complexes in the inner membrane of the organelle are involved in the oxidative phosphorylation required for ATP production. Thirteen subunits of these complexes are encoded by the mitochondrial genome often referred to as mtDNA. For this reason, the expression of mtDNA is vital for the assembly and functioning of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Defects of the mechanisms regulating mtDNA gene expression have been associated with deficiencies in assembly of these complexes, resulting in mitochondrial diseases. Recently, numerous factors involved in these processes have been identified and characterized leading to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie mitochondrial diseases.
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Hudson, D., and R. Edwards. "Dynamics of transcription–translation networks." Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 331 (September 2016): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2016.05.013.

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Stern, David S., David C. Higgs, and Jianjun Yang. "Transcription and translation in chloroplasts." Trends in Plant Science 2, no. 8 (August 1997): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(97)89953-0.

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Pentimalli, Francesca. "Transcription and translation get together." Nature Reviews Genetics 8, no. 3 (February 6, 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2069.

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Swami, Meera. "Directly linking transcription and translation." Nature Reviews Genetics 11, no. 6 (May 11, 2010): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2803.

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Nollet, Kenneth E. "Lost in Transcription, Lost in Translation." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0555-le.1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transcription/translation"

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Leung, Shui-on. "Transcription and translation of the human #theta#-globin gene." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291083.

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Sinclair, Mark. "Speech segmentation and speaker diarisation for transcription and translation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20970.

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This dissertation outlines work related to Speech Segmentation – segmenting an audio recording into regions of speech and non-speech, and Speaker Diarization – further segmenting those regions into those pertaining to homogeneous speakers. Knowing not only what was said but also who said it and when, has many useful applications. As well as providing a richer level of transcription for speech, we will show how such knowledge can improve Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system performance and can also benefit downstream Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as machine translation and punctuation restoration. While segmentation and diarization may appear to be relatively simple tasks to describe, in practise we find that they are very challenging and are, in general, ill-defined problems. Therefore, we first provide a formalisation of each of the problems as the sub-division of speech within acoustic space and time. Here, we see that the task can become very difficult when we want to partition this domain into our target classes of speakers, whilst avoiding other classes that reside in the same space, such as phonemes. We present a theoretical framework for describing and discussing the tasks as well as introducing existing state-of-the-art methods and research. Current Speaker Diarization systems are notoriously sensitive to hyper-parameters and lack robustness across datasets. Therefore, we present a method which uses a series of oracle experiments to expose the limitations of current systems and to which system components these limitations can be attributed. We also demonstrate how Diarization Error Rate (DER), the dominant error metric in the literature, is not a comprehensive or reliable indicator of overall performance or of error propagation to subsequent downstream tasks. These results inform our subsequent research. We find that, as a precursor to Speaker Diarization, the task of Speech Segmentation is a crucial first step in the system chain. Current methods typically do not account for the inherent structure of spoken discourse. As such, we explored a novel method which exploits an utterance-duration prior in order to better model the segment distribution of speech. We show how this method improves not only segmentation, but also the performance of subsequent speech recognition, machine translation and speaker diarization systems. Typical ASR transcriptions do not include punctuation and the task of enriching transcriptions with this information is known as ‘punctuation restoration’. The benefit is not only improved readability but also better compatibility with NLP systems that expect sentence-like units such as in conventional machine translation. We show how segmentation and diarization are related tasks that are able to contribute acoustic information that complements existing linguistically-based punctuation approaches. There is a growing demand for speech technology applications in the broadcast media domain. This domain presents many new challenges including diverse noise and recording conditions. We show that the capacity of existing GMM-HMM based speech segmentation systems is limited for such scenarios and present a Deep Neural Network (DNN) based method which offers a more robust speech segmentation method resulting in improved speech recognition performance for a television broadcast dataset. Ultimately, we are able to show that the speech segmentation is an inherently ill-defined problem for which the solution is highly dependent on the downstream task that it is intended for.
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Mudd, E. A. "Transcription and translation from a symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium leguminosarum." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355533.

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Jaafari-Dehaghi, Mahmoud. "Dādestān ī Dēnīg, chapters 1-35 : transcription, translation and commentary." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29121/.

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The Dadestan i Denig 'Religious Judgments' consists of ninety-one answers given by ManuScihr i Juwanjaman, the Zoroastrian high priest in the ninth century A.C., to the questions put to him by Mihr Xwarsed i Adurmahan and other members of his community. The first part of the text, which contains forty questions and answers, deals chiefly with the following matters: Why is the righteous man important and what is the purpose of the creation of the perfect man? Why do the good suffer more than the evil in this world? The sin of those who leave the Mazda-worshipping religion for the evil religion; meritorious deeds; the vision of Ohrmazd and Ahreman by the departed soul. How does the soul depart from the body and where do the righteous and wicked souls go? Ceremonies in honour of Sros to be performed during the SedoS (i.e. three days after death). The nature of heaven and hell; individual eschatology; the renovation of the universe; the sacred cord and the sacred shirt. The text is one of the most important surviving books of the ninth century and as a whole is a valuable source for the history of the Zoroastrian community under Islamic influence. Because the subjects discussed in the text cover a wide range of Zoroastrian religious doctrine, mythology and traditions, it shows the extensive knowledge of its author in different areas of study. A characteristic feature of this text is the difficult style of writing. Manuscihr's style is sophisticated but sometimes ambiguous and obscure, so his writing demands to be read carefully. My edition of the first part of the book (chapters 1-35) is based on the text edited by the late B.T. Anklesaria in which all the surviving manuscripts have been carefully examined. I have given a transcription of the text with critical apparatus, following the method of transcription proposed by Prof. D.N. MacKenzie. I have also provided a translation and a very brief commentary.
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Stevenson-Jones, Flint Ruben. "Control of gene expression through coupling of transcription and translation." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3848.

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Transcription and translation form the basis of gene expression in all cells. In prokaryotes they are linked both spatially and temporally as the ribosomes begin translation of the RNA before the RNAP has finished transcribing the entire region, a process known as coupling. Interplay between the two machineries is highly complex and plays an important role in gene expression. To date, most of the studies into transcription-translation coupling have been carried out in vivo, and have focused on the indirect interactions such as attenuation. Due to the many accessory factors for both transcription and translation present within the cell, there is currently no known technique to study direct interactions between the RNAP and the ribosome. Recently, an in vitro transcription-translation system was developed in our lab that is formed from only the pure components required for transcription and translation. This allows the stepwise control of the RNAP and the ribosome. The aim of this study was to determine how close the RNAP and the ribosome can become on the same nascent RNA. The coupled in vitro system was redesigned and optimised to measure the distance between the actively transcribing RNAP and the ribosome translating the same transcript. We show that the ribosome can approach the RNAP as close as 26 nts between the A-site of the ribosome and the active site of the RNAP. This distance is far shorter than was previously thought and reveals a very close contact between the two machineries.
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Richardson, Nathan Joseph. "Transcription and Translation of the 1658 Jesuit Annual Letter, Vietnam." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6870.

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Transcription and Translation of the 1658 Jesuit Annual Letter, VietnamNathan Joseph RichardsonDepartment of Spanish and Portuguese, BYUMaster of ArtsThis project provides a translation and two transcriptions (semi-diplomatic and normalized) of the 1658 Jesuit Annua letter sent from the Tonkin kingdom (now Vietnam) to Jesuit authorities back in Portugal. Specifically, the letter, which is housed in the archives of the worldwide Society of Jesus in Rome (folder 89, Japonica Sinica series, fols 286-290v), reports the progress of the Jesuit mission in that kingdom. However, it also contains a fascinating account of contemporary political and other events there. The purpose of this project is to make this letter accessible to a variety of readers. The English translation makes the letter's contents available to an English readership interested in Portugal's expansion in Asia, especially the activities of Jesuit missionaries in Vietnam; the normalized transcription is aimed at those with similar interests who read Portuguese; and the semi-diplomatic transcription, together with a facsimile of the original manuscript, is intended for those who study the history of the Portuguese language and are particularly concerned with the edition of early modern texts.
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Friberg, Markus. "Algorithms for analyzing signals in DNA : applications to transcription and translation /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17096.

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Purton, Saul. "Genes for components of the transcription-translation apparatus of pea chloroplasts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257299.

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Silvestre, Cerdà Joan Albert. "Different Contributions to Cost-Effective Transcription and Translation of Video Lectures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/62194.

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[EN] In recent years, on-line multimedia repositories have experiencied a strong growth that have made them consolidated as essential knowledge assets, especially in the area of education, where large repositories of video lectures have been built in order to complement or even replace traditional teaching methods. However, most of these video lectures are neither transcribed nor translated due to a lack of cost-effective solutions to do so in a way that gives accurate enough results. Solutions of this kind are clearly necessary in order to make these lectures accessible to speakers of different languages and to people with hearing disabilities. They would also facilitate lecture searchability and analysis functions, such as classification, recommendation or plagiarism detection, as well as the development of advanced educational functionalities like content summarisation to assist student note-taking. For this reason, the main aim of this thesis is to develop a cost-effective solution capable of transcribing and translating video lectures to a reasonable degree of accuracy. More specifically, we address the integration of state-of-the-art techniques in Automatic Speech Recognition and Machine Translation into large video lecture repositories to generate high-quality multilingual video subtitles without human intervention and at a reduced computational cost. Also, we explore the potential benefits of the exploitation of the information that we know a priori about these repositories, that is, lecture-specific knowledge such as speaker, topic or slides, to create specialised, in-domain transcription and translation systems by means of massive adaptation techniques. The proposed solutions have been tested in real-life scenarios by carrying out several objective and subjective evaluations, obtaining very positive results. The main outcome derived from this thesis, The transLectures-UPV Platform, has been publicly released as an open-source software, and, at the time of writing, it is serving automatic transcriptions and translations for several thousands of video lectures in many Spanish and European universities and institutions.
[ES] Durante estos últimos años, los repositorios multimedia on-line han experimentado un gran crecimiento que les ha hecho establecerse como fuentes fundamentales de conocimiento, especialmente en el área de la educación, donde se han creado grandes repositorios de vídeo charlas educativas para complementar e incluso reemplazar los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales. No obstante, la mayoría de estas charlas no están transcritas ni traducidas debido a la ausencia de soluciones de bajo coste que sean capaces de hacerlo garantizando una calidad mínima aceptable. Soluciones de este tipo son claramente necesarias para hacer que las vídeo charlas sean más accesibles para hablantes de otras lenguas o para personas con discapacidades auditivas. Además, dichas soluciones podrían facilitar la aplicación de funciones de búsqueda y de análisis tales como clasificación, recomendación o detección de plagios, así como el desarrollo de funcionalidades educativas avanzadas, como por ejemplo la generación de resúmenes automáticos de contenidos para ayudar al estudiante a tomar apuntes. Por este motivo, el principal objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar una solución de bajo coste capaz de transcribir y traducir vídeo charlas con un nivel de calidad razonable. Más específicamente, abordamos la integración de técnicas estado del arte de Reconocimiento del Habla Automático y Traducción Automática en grandes repositorios de vídeo charlas educativas para la generación de subtítulos multilingües de alta calidad sin requerir intervención humana y con un reducido coste computacional. Además, también exploramos los beneficios potenciales que conllevaría la explotación de la información de la que disponemos a priori sobre estos repositorios, es decir, conocimientos específicos sobre las charlas tales como el locutor, la temática o las transparencias, para crear sistemas de transcripción y traducción especializados mediante técnicas de adaptación masiva. Las soluciones propuestas en esta tesis han sido testeadas en escenarios reales llevando a cabo nombrosas evaluaciones objetivas y subjetivas, obteniendo muy buenos resultados. El principal legado de esta tesis, The transLectures-UPV Platform, ha sido liberado públicamente como software de código abierto, y, en el momento de escribir estas líneas, está sirviendo transcripciones y traducciones automáticas para diversos miles de vídeo charlas educativas en nombrosas universidades e instituciones Españolas y Europeas.
[CAT] Durant aquests darrers anys, els repositoris multimèdia on-line han experimentat un gran creixement que els ha fet consolidar-se com a fonts fonamentals de coneixement, especialment a l'àrea de l'educació, on s'han creat grans repositoris de vídeo xarrades educatives per tal de complementar o inclús reemplaçar els mètodes d'ensenyament tradicionals. No obstant això, la majoria d'aquestes xarrades no estan transcrites ni traduïdes degut a l'absència de solucions de baix cost capaces de fer-ho garantint una qualitat mínima acceptable. Solucions d'aquest tipus són clarament necessàries per a fer que les vídeo xarres siguen més accessibles per a parlants d'altres llengües o per a persones amb discapacitats auditives. A més, aquestes solucions podrien facilitar l'aplicació de funcions de cerca i d'anàlisi tals com classificació, recomanació o detecció de plagis, així com el desenvolupament de funcionalitats educatives avançades, com per exemple la generació de resums automàtics de continguts per ajudar a l'estudiant a prendre anotacions. Per aquest motiu, el principal objectiu d'aquesta tesi és desenvolupar una solució de baix cost capaç de transcriure i traduir vídeo xarrades amb un nivell de qualitat raonable. Més específicament, abordem la integració de tècniques estat de l'art de Reconeixement de la Parla Automàtic i Traducció Automàtica en grans repositoris de vídeo xarrades educatives per a la generació de subtítols multilingües d'alta qualitat sense requerir intervenció humana i amb un reduït cost computacional. A més, també explorem els beneficis potencials que comportaria l'explotació de la informació de la que disposem a priori sobre aquests repositoris, és a dir, coneixements específics sobre les xarrades tals com el locutor, la temàtica o les transparències, per a crear sistemes de transcripció i traducció especialitzats mitjançant tècniques d'adaptació massiva. Les solucions proposades en aquesta tesi han estat testejades en escenaris reals duent a terme nombroses avaluacions objectives i subjectives, obtenint molt bons resultats. El principal llegat d'aquesta tesi, The transLectures-UPV Platform, ha sigut alliberat públicament com a programari de codi obert, i, en el moment d'escriure aquestes línies, està servint transcripcions i traduccions automàtiques per a diversos milers de vídeo xarrades educatives en nombroses universitats i institucions Espanyoles i Europees.
Silvestre Cerdà, JA. (2016). Different Contributions to Cost-Effective Transcription and Translation of Video Lectures [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62194
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Leen, Eoin. "Structural insights into the transcription and translation of murine norovirus RNA." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11173.

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Noroviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses which, in humans, cause rapid onset diarrhoea and vomiting. There is an estimated 21 million cases of noroviral gastroenteritis in the United States per year. The work in this thesis has focused on two noroviral proteins, the viral protein genome-linked (VPg), and the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (NS7pol). The VPg protein is covalently linked to the 5' end of the noroviral genome and is a key component of translation and replication initiation in noroviruses. Using Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) we have analysed the murine norovirus (MNV) and a human norovirus VPg (Lordsdale virus (LDV)) proteins. The VPg protein of both viruses has a small structured helical core with extensive N and C-terminal flexible regions. We has also determined the structure of the MNV NS7pol as well as two high fidelity mutants (P72S and E75S) using X-ray crystallography. The NS7pol protein has a very similar “right drinking hand” structure to other RNA dependent RNA polymerases. The fidelity mutants were structurally identical to the wild type protein but had subtle changes in local hydrogen bonding networks. This is consistent with similar studies performed with picornaviral polymerases. In addition we used NMR and surface plasmon resonance to characterise the interaction of the MNV VPg protein with the NS7pol protein. The interaction between full length VPg and MNV NS7pol is weak, (KD ~160 μM). In addition the NS7pol interacts with both the full length VPg and the core domain of this protein.
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Books on the topic "Transcription/translation"

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Tymms, Martin J. In Vitro Transcription and Translation Protocols. New Jersey: Humana Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0896032884.

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Guido, Grandi. In Vitro Transcription and Translation Protocols. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1597453889.

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Grandi, Guido, ed. In Vitro Transcription and Translation Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-388-2.

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J, Tymms Martin, ed. In vitro transcription and translation protocols. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 1995.

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The epic of Pābūjī: A study, transcription, and translation. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Stuart, Denis. Manorial records: An introduction to their transcription and translation. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore, 1992.

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Mudd, E. A. Transcription and translation from a symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium leguminosarum. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1985.

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Afghan folktales from Herat: Persian texts in transcription and translation. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2010.

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Poems from Urdu: In translation with transcription and the original text. Delhi: Dilli Kitab Ghar, 2015.

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Gordon, Collier, ed. Us/them: Translation, transcription and identity in post-colonial literary cultures. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transcription/translation"

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Muto, Akira, and Chisato Ushida. "Transcription and Translation." In Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas, 323–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47606-1_14.

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Pisano, Raffaele, and Danilo Capecchi. "Translation and Transcription." In Tartaglia’s Science of Weights and Mechanics in the Sixteenth Century, 261–453. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9710-8_4.

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Adlung, Lorenz. "Transcription and Translation." In Cell and Molecular Biology for Non-Biologists, 25–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65357-9_3.

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Bhattacharyya, Sanjib, Mae F. Go, Bruce E. Dunn, and Suhas H. Phadnis. "Transcription and Translation." In Helicobacter pylori, 285–91. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818005.ch26.

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West, A. E., P. Pruunsild, and T. Timmusk. "Neurotrophins: Transcription and Translation." In Neurotrophic Factors, 67–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45106-5_4.

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Rapp, William D., and David B. Stern. "Mitochondrial Transcription and Translation." In The molecular biology of plant mitochondria, 185–205. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0163-9_5.

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Saitou, Naruya. "Replication, Transcription, and Translation." In Introduction to Evolutionary Genomics, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92642-1_1.

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Yang, Thomas P., and Thomas W. O’Brien. "Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation." In Introduction to Bioinformatics, 93–118. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-335-4_5.

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Turner, Roisin, and Gary D. Foster. "In Vitro Transcription and Translation." In Plant Virology Protocols, 293–99. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-385-6:293.

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Rosenthal, Philip J. "Apicoplast Translation, Transcription, and Genome Replication." In Encyclopedia of Malaria, 1–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8757-9_28-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transcription/translation"

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Hou, Yuemin, and Ji Linhong. "Gene Transcription and Translation in Design." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46128.

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An organism grows from very small to the whole body, while an engineering product is assembled from elements. An organism is formed autonomously and adaptable to his/her/its environment, while an engineering product can only execute very limited actions. The formation of a product determines its functionality. Nature is the best teacher for learning how structures are formed for specific functionality. This paper compares the design process with the developmental process of embryo and proposes a qualitative development framework that simulates the gene transcription and translation in biology. The key step in design is transforming behaviors to structures. This is a process from information to the form and it bears some similarity with the process from DNA to the protein in embryogenesis. Three basic steps are required from DNA to the protein: gene transcription, transport and protein synthesis, which is named as gene expression. Key mechanisms contributing to this transformation process are investigated and a qualitative development framework are constructed for a growth design process. Simple examples are presented for illustration of proposed methods.
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Mahmoud, Elsherif, Arushi Vashist, Irina Temnikova, Ahmed Abdelali, and Francisco Guzmán. "Translation And Transcription Of Educational Videos." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.itsp1067.

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Niehues, Jan, Thai Son Nguyen, Eunah Cho, Thanh-Le Ha, Kevin Kilgour, Markus Müller, Matthias Sperber, Sebastian Stüker, and Alex Waibel. "Dynamic Transcription for Low-Latency Speech Translation." In Interspeech 2016. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2016-154.

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Tomalin, M., M. J. F. Gales, X. A. Liu, K. C. Sim, R. Sinha, L. Wang, P. C. Woodland, and K. Yu. "Improving Speech Transcription for Mandarin-English Translation." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2007.367172.

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Cheng, Yao-Fei, Hung-Shin Lee, and Hsin-Min Wang. "AlloST: Low-Resource Speech Translation Without Source Transcription." In Interspeech 2021. ISCA: ISCA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-526.

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Duong, Long, Antonios Anastasopoulos, David Chiang, Steven Bird, and Trevor Cohn. "An Attentional Model for Speech Translation Without Transcription." In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n16-1109.

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"Neutrality through Transcription & Translation in Genetic Algorithm Representation." In International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004156702200225.

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Alabau, Vicent, Daniel Ortiz, Verónica Romero, and Jorge Ocampo. "A multimodal predictive-interactive application for computer assisted transcription and translation." In the 2009 international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1647314.1647358.

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Belgacem, Ismail, Edith Grac, Delphine Ropers, and Jean-Luc Gouze. "Stability analysis of a reduced transcription-translation model of RNA polymerase." In 2014 IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039999.

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Liu, X. A., W. J. Byrne, M. J. F. Gales, A. de Gispert, M. Tomalin, P. C. Woodland, and K. Yu. "Discriminative language model adaptation for Mandarin broadcast speech transcription and translation." In 2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition & Understanding (ASRU). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430101.

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Reports on the topic "Transcription/translation"

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Hernandez, Luis, and Sherri Condon. U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Corporate Dari Document Transcription and Translation Guidelines. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567083.

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BIZIKOEVA, L. S. ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА ГОВОРЯЩИХ ИМЕН СОБСТВЕННЫХ В НАРТОВСКОМ ЭПОСЕ. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2017-3-2-229-234.

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The article deals with the problem of translation of anthroponyms. Difficulties arising in the process of translation are analyzed. The analysis was based on the translation of the Narts Tales into the Russian language. The analysis revealed that translating anthroponyms in general and charactonym in particular translators do not always employ transcription or transliteration. It is a tough process which requires a wide range of strategies a translator has in his disposal.
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OSETROVA, O., A. STOKOLYAS, and D. KHUSAINOVA. CHARACTERISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATING ROMANCE NOVELS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-94-103.

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Peculiarities of translating romance novels are considered in the article. Examples from the novel by Kristan Higgins “Too good to be true” are given in order corresponding to their manifestation in the book. Special attention is given to the translation of realities. The main translation techniques used are transliteration and transcription, calquing, and combinations (concerning onomastic realities), descriptive translation and approximation (concerning everyday realities and associations). Besides, it is mentioned, that gender dimension is extremely pragmatically valid in the context of other stylistic and grammatical aspects of the text. The authors make a conclusion of dynamic changes in speech stereotypes towards blurring gender lines between masculine and feminine speech behavior. It is important to consider this fact when translating romance novels.
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Stern, David B., and Gadi Schuster. Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast: Control of mRNA Stability and Transcription Termination. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568750.bard.

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Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis and of other essential biosynthetic activities in plant cells. Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous organelles, since they contain their own genomes and protein biosynthetic machinery, but depend on the coordinate expression of nuclear genes to assemble macromolecular complexes. The bioeingineering of plants requires manipulation of chloroplast gene expression, and thus a knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that modulate mRNA and protein production. In this proposal the heterotrophic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used as a model system to understand the control and interrelationships between transcription termination, mRNA 3' end processing and mRNA stability in chloroplasts. Chlamydomonas is a unique and ideal system in which to address these issues, because the chloroplast can be easily manipulated by genetic transformation techniques. This research uncovered new and important information on chloroplast mRNA 3' end formation and mRNA stability. In particular, the 3' untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs were shown not to be efficient transcription terminators. The endonucleolytic site in the 3' untranslated region was characterized by site directed mutagensis and the role of several 3' untranslated regions in modulating RNA stability and translation has been studied. This information will allow us to experimentally manipulate the expression of chloroplast genes in vivo by post-transcriptional mechanisms, and should be widely applicable to other higher plant systems.
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Elroy-Stein, Orna, and Dmitry Belostotsky. Mechanism of Internal Initiation of Translation in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696518.bard.

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Original objectives Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vitro using wheat germ extract and krebs-2 cells extract. Fully achieved. Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vivo in Arabidopsis. Characterization of the physical interactions of PABP and other potential ITAFs with crTMV148 IRES. Partly achieved. To conduct search for additional ITAFs using different approaches and evaluate the candidates. Partly achieved. Background of the topic The power of internal translation via the activity of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) elements allow coordinated synthesis of multiple gene products from a single transcription unit, and thereby enables to bypass the need for sequential transformation with multiple independent transgenes. The key goal of this project was to identify and analyze the IRES-trans-acting factors (ITAFs) that mediate the activity of a crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crTMV148) IRES. The remarkable conservation of the IRES activity across the phylogenetic spectrum (yeast, plants and animals) strongly suggests that key ITAFs that mediate its activity are themselves highly conserved. Thus, crTMV148 IRES offers opportunity for elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms underlying internal translation in higher plants in order to enable its rational manipulation for the purpose of agricultural biotechnology. Major conclusions and achievements. - CrTMV IRES requires PABP for maximal activity. This conclusion was achieved by PABP depletion and reconstitution of wheat germ- and Krebs2-derived in-vitro translation assays using Arabidopsis-derived PABP2, 3, 5, 8 and yeast Pab1p. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract of the IRES decrease the high-affinity binding of all phylogenetically divergent PABPs derived from Arabidopsis and yeast in electro mobility gel shift assays. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract decrease IRES activity in-vivo. - The 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap. - In-vivo assembled RNPs containing proteins specifically associated with the IRES were purified from HEK293 cells using the RNA Affinity in Tandem (RAT) approach followed by their identification by mass spectroscopy. - This study yielded a list of potential protein candidates that may serve as ITAFs of crTMV148 IRES activity, among them are a/b tubulin, a/g actin, GAPDH, enolase 1, ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1, 26S proteasome subunit p45, rpSA, eEF1Bδ, and proteasome b5 subunit. Implications, both scientific and agriculture. The fact that the 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap suggests a potential joint interaction between PABP, the IRES sequence and the 3'-poly(A). This has an important scientific implication related to IRES function in general.
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Barash, Itamar, and Robert Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms Governing Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696526.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the research is to achieve higher protein content in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational apparatus of the mammary gland genetically, nutritionally, or pharmacologically. The short-term objectives are to obtain a better understanding of 1) the role of amino acids (AA) as regulators of translation in bovine and mouse mammary epithelial cells and 2) the mechanism responsible for the synergistic enhancement of milk-protein mRNA polyadenylation by insulin and prolactin. Background of the topic: In many cell types and tissues, individual AA affect a signaling pathway which parallels the insulin pathway to modulate rates and levels of protein synthesis. Diverse nutritional and hormonal conditions are funneled to mTOR, a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that regulates a number of components in the initiation and elongation stages of translation. The mechanism by which AA signal mTOR is largely unknown. During the current grant period, we have studied the effect of essential AA on mechanisms involved in protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells cultured under lactogenic conditions. We also studied lactogenic hormone regulation of milk protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells. In the first BARD grant (2000-03), we discovered a novel mechanism for mRNA-specific hormone-regulated translation, namely, that the combination of insulin plus prolactin causes cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, which leads to their efficient translation. In the current BARD grant, we have pursued the signaling pathways of this novel hormone action. Major conclusions/solutions/achievements: The positive and negative signaling from AA to the mTOR pathway, combined with modulation of insulin sensitization, mediates the synthesis rates of total and specific milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The current in vitro study revealed cryptic negative effects of Lys, His, and Thr on cellular mechanisms regulating translation initiation and protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells that could not be detected by conventional in vivo analyses. We also showed that a signaling pathway involving Jak2 and Stat5, previously shown to lead from the prolactin receptor to transcription of milk protein genes, is also used for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, thereby stabilizing these mRNAs and activating them for translation. Implications: In vivo, plasma AA levels are affected by nutritional and hormonal effects as well as by conditions of exercise and stress. The amplitude in plasma AA levels resembles that applied in the current in vitro study. Thus, by changing plasma AA levels in the epithelial cell microenvironment or by sensitizing the mTOR pathway to their presence, it should be possible to modulate the rate of milk protein synthesis. Furthermore, knowledge that phosphorylation of Stat5 is required for enhanced milk protein synthesis in response to lactogenic opens the possibility for pharmacologic approaches to increase the phosphorylation of Stat5 and, thereby, milk protein production.
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Stern, David, and Gadi Schuster. Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575289.bard.

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The steady-state level of a given mRNA is determined by its rates of transcription and degradation. The stabilities of chloroplast mRNAs vary during plant development, in part regulating gene expression. Furthermore, the fitness of the organelle depends on its ability to destroy non-functional transcripts. In addition, there is a resurgent interest by the biotechnology community in chloroplast transformation due to the public concerns over pollen transmission of introduced traits or foreign proteins. Therefore, studies into basic gene expression mechanisms in the chloroplast will open the door to take advantage of these opportunities. This project was aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into mRNA processing and degradation in the chloroplast and to engineer transcripts of varying stability in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. This research uncovered new and important information on chloroplast mRNA stability, processing, degradation and translation. In particular, the processing of the 3' untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs was shown to be important determinants in translation. The endonucleolytic site in the 3' untranslated region was characterized by site directed mutagensis. RNA polyadenylation has been characterized in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and chloroplast transformants carrying polyadenylated sequences were constructed and analyzed. Data obtained to date suggest that chloroplasts have gene regulatory mechanisms which are uniquely adapted to their post-endosymbiotic environment, including those that regulate RNA stability. An exciting point has been reached, because molecular genetic studies have defined critical RNA-protein interactions that participate in these processes. However, much remains to be learned about these multiple pathways, how they interact with each other, and how many nuclear genes are consecrated to overseeing them. Chlamydomonas is an ideal model system to extend our understanding of these areas, given its ease of manipulation and the existing knowledge base, some of which we have generated.
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Lapidot, Moshe, and Vitaly Citovsky. molecular mechanism for the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance at the ty-5 locus. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604274.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of tomato that causes extensive crop loss worldwide, including the US and Israel. Genetic resistance in the host plant is considered highly effective in the defense against viral infection in the field. Thus, the best way to reduce yield losses due to TYLCV is by breeding tomatoes resistant or tolerant to the virus. To date, only six major TYLCV-resistance loci, termed Ty-1 to Ty-6, have been characterized and mapped to the tomato genome. Among tomato TYLCV-resistant lines containing these loci, we have identified a major recessive quantitative trait locus (QTL) that was mapped to chromosome 4 and designated ty-5. Recently, we identified the gene responsible for the TYLCV resistance at the ty-5 locus as the tomato homolog of the gene encoding messenger RNA surveillance factor Pelota (Pelo). A single amino acid change in the protein is responsible for the resistant phenotype. Pelo is known to participate in the ribosome-recycling phase of protein biosynthesis. Our hypothesis was that the resistant allele of Pelo is a “loss-of-function” mutant, and inhibits or slows-down ribosome recycling. This will negatively affect viral (as well as host-plant) protein synthesis, which may result in slower infection progression. Hence we have proposed the following research objectives: Aim 1: The effect of Pelota on translation of TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to test the effect Pelota may or may not have upon translation of TYLCV proteins following infection of a resistant host. Aim 2: Identify and characterize Pelota cellular localization and interaction with TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to characterize the cellular localization of both Pelota alleles, the TYLCV-resistant and the susceptible allele, to see whether this localization changes following TYLCV infection, and to find out which TYLCV protein interacts with Pelota. Our results demonstrate that upon TYLCV-infection the resistant allele of pelota has a negative effect on viral replication and RNA transcription. It is also shown that pelota interacts with the viral C1 protein, which is the only viral protein essential for TYLCV replication. Following subcellular localization of C1 and Pelota it was found that both protein localize to the same subcellular compartments. This research is innovative and potentially transformative because the role of Peloin plant virus resistance is novel, and understanding its mechanism will lay the foundation for designing new antiviral protection strategies that target translation of viral proteins. BARD Report - Project 4953 Page 2
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Pikilnyak, Andrey V., Nadia M. Stetsenko, Volodymyr P. Stetsenko, Tetiana V. Bondarenko, and Halyna V. Tkachuk. Comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the context of the digital transformation of education. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4431.

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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of popular online dictionaries and an overview of the main tools of these resources to study a language. The use of dictionaries in learning a foreign language is an important step to understanding the language. The effectiveness of this process increases with the use of online dictionaries, which have a lot of tools for improving the educational process. Based on the Alexa Internet resource it was found the most popular online dictionaries: Cambridge Dictionary, Wordreference, Merriam–Webster, Wiktionary, TheFreeDictionary, Dictionary.com, Glosbe, Collins Dictionary, Longman Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary. As a result of the deep analysis of these online dictionaries, we found out they have the next standard functions like the word explanations, transcription, audio pronounce, semantic connections, and examples of use. In propose dictionaries, we also found out the additional tools of learning foreign languages (mostly English) that can be effective. In general, we described sixteen functions of the online platforms for learning that can be useful in learning a foreign language. We have compiled a comparison table based on the next functions: machine translation, multilingualism, a video of pronunciation, an image of a word, discussion, collaborative edit, the rank of words, hints, learning tools, thesaurus, paid services, sharing content, hyperlinks in a definition, registration, lists of words, mobile version, etc. Based on the additional tools of online dictionaries we created a diagram that shows the functionality of analyzed platforms.
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Wagner, D. Ry, Eliezer Lifschitz, and Steve A. Kay. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Arabidopsis and Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585198.bard.

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The primary objectives for the US lab included: the characterization of ELF3 transcription and translation; the creation and characterization of various transgenic lines that misexpress ELF3; defining genetic pathways related to ELF3 function regulating floral initiation in Arabidopsis; and the identification of genes that either interact with or are regulated by ELF3. Light quality, photoperiod, and temperature often act as important and, for some species, essential environmental cues for the initiation of flowering. However, there is relatively little information on the molecular mechanisms that directly regulate the developmental pathway from the reception of the inductive light signals to the onset of flowering and the initiation of floral meristems. The ELF3 gene was identified as possibly having a role in light-mediated floral regulation since elj3 mutants not only flower early, but exhibit light-dependent circadian defects. We began investigating ELF3's role in light signalling and flowering by cloning the ELF3 gene. ELF3 is a novel gene only present in plant species; however, there is an ELF3 homolog within Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis elj3 mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light; however, we show conclusively normal circadian function with no alteration of period length in elj3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elj3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs regardless of phase. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in constant light and flower late in long-days; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. Indeed, the ELF3 protein interacts with the photoreceptor PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. The phase ofELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels of transcript and protein in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. Furthermore, flowering time is dependent upon proper expression ofELF3. Scientifically, we've made a big leap in the understanding of the circadian system and how it is coupled so tightly with light reception in terms of period length and clock resetting. Agriculturally, understanding more about the way in which the clock perceives and relays temporal information to pathways such as those involved in the floral transition can lead to increased crop yields by enabling plants to be grown in suboptimal conditions.
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