Journal articles on the topic 'TRANSBORDER POLICIES FOR DAI'
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Brubaker, Rogers, and Jaeeun Kim. "Transborder Membership Politics in Germany and Korea." European Journal of Sociology 52, no. 1 (April 2011): 21–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975611000026.
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AbstractThis paper examines changing German and Korean policies towards transborder coethnics (Germans in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and Koreans in Japan and China) during the high Cold War and post-Cold War eras. The paper contributes to the emerging literature on transborder forms of membership and belonging by highlighting and explaining the selective, variable, contingent, contested, and revocable nature of states’ embrace of transborder coethnics. The explanation highlights the relationship of transborder populations to predecessor polities; changing geopolitical contexts and domestic political conjunctures; the constitutive, group-making – and group-unmaking – power of state categorization practices; and the enduring institutional legacies and unintended consequences of such practices.
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Moohan, Gisela, Elizabeth Morton, Sally Rimmer, Giulio Romano, and Paul F. Burton. "Transborder Data Flow: A Review of Issues and Policies." Library Review 37, no. 3 (March 1988): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb012863.
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Martin, Lisa L. "Xinyuan Dai, International Institutions and National Policies." Review of International Organizations 3, no. 2 (May 3, 2008): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11558-008-9037-2.
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Faleye, Olukayode A. "Border Securitisation and Politics of State Policy in Nigeria, 2014–2017." Insight on Africa 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087818805887.
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This article examines the politics of public policies characterised by increased securitisation of Nigeria’s national boundary from 2014 to 2017. While the regulation appears on paper to discourage transborder crime, capital outflow and sustain a favourable balance of payment, the existing armoury of West African border literature argues otherwise. What is new in the transborder dynamics of West Africa? What informs government’s border policies in Nigeria? In answering these questions, this study provides a template for a reassessment of the gap between borderlands theory and policy in West Africa. The approach is comparative based on the critical analysis of oral interviews, government trade records, newspaper reports and the extant literature. The article provides a platform for rethinking of the nexus between governance and development in West Africa from the securitisation and neo-patrimonial perspectives. It concludes that effective border management in Nigeria is set aback by misguided and dysfunctional elitist-centred regulations that are devoid of the realities on the ground.
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Fu, Tao. "China’s personal information protection in a data-driven economy: A privacy policy study of Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent." Global Media and Communication 15, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766519846644.
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By examining the privacy policies of leading Chinese Internet and information service providers (IISPs), this study found their privacy policies to be generally compliant with China’s personal information protection provisions. These IISPs use proper mechanisms showing their commitment, measures and enforcement to data security, but their Fair Information Practices need improvement. Personal information protection in China is severe. Privacy policies offer more ‘notice’ than they do ‘choice’. Chinese IISPs collect and use information extensively in the guise of providing value to users, but have given insufficient consideration to transborder data flows and change of ownership. Societal and technological mechanisms have not been widely sought.
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Peplow, Daniel, and Sarah Augustine. "The Submissive Relationship of Public Health to Government, Politics, and Economics: How Global Health Diplomacy and Engaged Followership Compromise Humanitarian Relief." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041420.
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This paper describes efforts by public health practitioners to address a health crisis caused by economic development policies that are unrestrained by either environmental, public health, or human rights mandates. Economic development projects funded by international funding institutions like the Inter-American Development Bank that reduce poverty when measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the transborder region between Suriname and French Guiana harm minority populations where commercial activities destroy, alter, and remove the resources upon which local communities depend. In this study, the structural causes of a community health crisis affecting Indigenous people in the transborder region between Suriname and French Guiana was addressed by seeking gatekeepers in government who have access to policy-making processes. We found that deeply rooted economic development policies structured social, economic, and political alliances and made them resistant to feedback and reform. We concluded that work must be focused beyond the simple exchange of public health information. Public health practitioners must become politically active to create new policy commitments and new patterns of governance that advance development as well as improve health outcomes. Failure to do so may result in public health practitioners becoming ‘engaged followers’ that are complicit in the inhumanity that springs from their acquiescence to the authority of government officials when their policies are the cause of preventable death, disease, and disability.
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Muppavarapu, Vineela, and Soon M. Chung. "Semantic-Based Access Control for Data Resources in Open Grid Services Architecture." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 6, no. 2 (April 2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.2014040101.
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This paper proposes a semantic-based access control system for the data resources in the Open Grid Services Architecture - Data Access and Integration (OGSA-DAI). OGSA-DAI is a widely used middleware for integrating data resources in Grids. However, the identity-based access control in OGSA-DAI causes substantial overhead for the resource providers in virtual organizations (VOs), because the access control information of individual users has to be maintained by each resource provider. To solve these problems, the authors propose a semantic-based access control system using Shibboleth and ontology. Shibboleth, an attribute authorization service, is used to manage the user attributes, and the Web Ontology Language (OWL) is used to represent the ontology of the data resources and users. By using ontology, VOs can resolve the differences in their terminologies and specify access control policies based on concepts and user roles, instead of individual resources and user identities. As a result, the administration overhead of the resource providers is reduced considerably. In addition, the eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) is used to specify the access control policies uniformly across multiple VOs. The authors also developed an XACML policy administration tool that allows the administrators to create, update, and manage XACML policies. The performance analysis shows that our proposed system adds only a small overhead to the existing security mechanism of OGSA-DAI.
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Borchert, Thomas. "Belt-and-Road Buddhists." Review of Religion and Chinese Society 7, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 92–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22143955-00701005.
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Although religious institutions and communities have grown significantly in China since the early 1980s, the recent past has seen difficult conditions for the practice of religion, with increased surveillance and oppressive acts by the Chinese government. Changes to government policies and priorities make it difficult to generalize about the conditions of religious practice over the course of the Reform period. This paper examines the monastic institutions of the Dai-lue people of Sipsongpannā (Xishuangbanna 西双版纳) in Yunnan province. The Dai-lue are a minority group that practices Theravada Buddhism. Their religious institutions have expanded significantly in the last four decades, but they have done so in the midst of radical change in the economic and governing structures of the region. The paper looks at this development both across the forty years of the Reform era, and in the context of a promotion and international conference sponsored by the sangha of Sipsongpannā. I argue that the changes to the monastic institutions of the Dai-lue need to be seen in light of changes to “religion-making from above,” the policies, rules, and structures that the Chinese state establishes to manage religious communities, as well as “religion-making from below,” the responses of the Dai-lue to these changes.
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Yang, Jianlin, and Nannaphat Saenghong. "The Politics of Preferential Policy in an Ethnically Diverse School." 14th GCBSS Proceeding 2022 14, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.2(37).
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China, a country with a significant number of ethnic groups, has established a form of multiculturalism known as "preferential policy" to foster social cohesion between a dominant ethnic group and minority ethnic groups and to reduce social and economic disparities. In addition, preferential policies have been integrated into educational policy and practice. This led to the development of a school curriculum based on ethnicity. Through the lens of critical pedagogy, this paper examines the Dai language curriculum implemented in an ethnically and linguistically diverse school located in Yunnan. The data was collected through conducting in-depth interviews with the school's principal, teachers, and students and observing teaching sessions without participation. An examination found that ethnic Dai pupils were taught language, history, cultures, and Dai values by a Dai school teacher who is the school principal. This has enormous ramifications for Dai students' identity preservation. Yet, when the multicultural curriculum focuses exclusively on the Dai ethnic group despite the presence of other ethnic groups in the school, it contradicts the tenets of multiculturalism and perpetuates educational disparity based on ethnic identity. Keywords: Multicultural Education; Critical Pedagogy; Education Equity; China
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Niño-Mora, José. "Multi-Gear Bandits, Partial Conservation Laws, and Indexability." Mathematics 10, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10142497.
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This paper considers what we propose to call multi-gear bandits, which are Markov decision processes modeling a generic dynamic and stochastic project fueled by a single resource and which admit multiple actions representing gears of operation naturally ordered by their increasing resource consumption. The optimal operation of a multi-gear bandit aims to strike a balance between project performance costs or rewards and resource usage costs, which depend on the resource price. A computationally convenient and intuitive optimal solution is available when such a model is indexable, meaning that its optimal policies are characterized by a dynamic allocation index (DAI), a function of state–action pairs representing critical resource prices. Motivated by the lack of general indexability conditions and efficient index-computing schemes, and focusing on the infinite-horizon finite-state and -action discounted case, we present a verification theorem ensuring that, if a model satisfies two proposed PCL-indexability conditions with respect to a postulated family of structured policies, then it is indexable and such policies are optimal, with its DAI being given by a marginal productivity index computed by a downshift adaptive-greedy algorithm in AN steps, with A+1 actions and N states. The DAI is further used as the basis of a new index policy for the multi-armed multi-gear bandit problem.
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Zeng, Lily. "Dai Identity in the Chinese Ecological Civilization: Negotiating Culture, Environment, and Development in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China." Religions 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10120646.
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The Ecological Civilization (Eco-Civilization) is a Chinese political framework to advance a renewed human–nature relationship that engenders a sustainable form of economic development, and its narratives provide political impetus to conserve ethnic minority cultures whose traditional practices are aligned with state-sanctioned efforts for environmental protection. This official rhetoric is important in Xishuangbanna, a prefecture in Yunnan province renowned for its lush tropical rainforests and Dai ethnic minority. This article explores the relationship between Dai cultural identity and the Chinese state in the context of environmental concerns and development goals. Historical analyses of ethnic policies and transformations of landscapes and livelihoods are presented alongside descriptions of contemporary efforts by Dai community members and the Chinese state to enact Eco-Civilization directives, and they illustrate paradoxical circumstances in which political rhetoric and practice are seemingly at odds with one another, yet often contradict in such ways so as to further the Chinese state agenda. Moreover, case studies demonstrate how new policies and sustainable development efforts have often perpetuated structures and ideologies of the Maoist era to reinforce inequalities between central state powers and already marginalized ethnic minorities. These dynamics warrant further consideration as the Chinese government continues to champion its leadership in environmental governance.
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Gonzalez-Gorman, Sylvia, Sung-Wook Kwon, and Dennis Patterson. "Municipal Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Evidence from U.S. Cities on the U.S.-Mexico Border." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 31, 2019): 4763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174763.
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In this study, we examine municipal efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by focusing on emissions from vehicular sources. We compare what different cities have done to address the problem of GHG emissions from vehicles by using atmospheric data to assess the impact policy efforts have had on actual GHGs. We focus on an area overlooked in the literature, U.S. cities on the U.S.-Mexico transborder region. Using GHG vehicular emissions data from the Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT) and an ordinary least square model, this research foundcities have reduced levels of GHGs, especially when municipal efforts are supported by state policies to reduce GHG emissions. While GHG in general are transboundary and a global issue by nature, communities in the U.S. border region are directly impacted by vehicular emissions due to cross-border trade that is not prevalent in interior communities. However, one of the main limitations in this type of study is the lack of reportable environmental data for less populated cities on the U.S.-Mexico border. Future studies need to develop alternative approaches to sustainability that could provide a more nuanced examination of some of the challenges or success in the U.S. transborder region.
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Gerber, James, Francisco Lara-Valencia, and Carlos de la Parra. "Re-Imagining the U.S.-Mexico Border: Policies toward a More Competitive and Sustainable Transborder Region." Global Economy Journal 10, no. 4 (December 2010): 1850212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1681.
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The U.S.-Mexico border region has two important but often overlooked characteristics. First, it is the physical place of most of the integration between the United States and Mexico, including market driven integration such as trade flows, migration, and investment as well as policy driven integration such as security cooperation, infrastructure development, and emergency response. Second, the border region has a growing transnational population that lives, works, goes to school, and participates in family and social networks on both sides of the border. Recent U.S. policy has hardened the border in response to concerns about terrorism, drug and human trafficking, undocumented migration, and arms smuggling. The consequences of these policies include disruption of the on-going economic integration, large external costs imposed on the growing transnational population, and barriers to progress on a number of issues of national importance, including dispute resolution, migration, and environmental management, among others. The paper identifies and discusses the advantages of the three different definitions of the border in current usage: counties and municipios that touch the border; the 100 kilometer boundary first set by the La Paz Agreement and later amended to 300 kilometers in Mexico and 100 in the U.S.; and the ten states that are along the border. The hardening of the border is partly the result of a lack of border institutions and the inability of border residents to speak in a common voice when they talk to their capitals. This is changing, however, as new institutions such as the Border Governors Conference take on a more active role in promoting the interests of border states and border regions. An examination of a recent Delphi survey of border decision-makers shows a high degree of cross border agreement on the goals and needs of the region in key areas such as competitiveness, security, and sustainability.
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Chin, Yik-Chan. "The Nation-State in a Globalising Media Environment: China’s Regulatory Policies on Transborder Lv Drama Flow." Javnost - The Public 10, no. 4 (January 2003): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2003.11008842.
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Kirk, Amanda. "Dai, Xinyan. 2007. International Institutions and National Policies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press." Global Environmental Politics 8, no. 4 (November 2008): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2008.8.4.148.
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Li, Zhiyong, Caifeng Li, Xiaobo Zhang, Shihuan Tang, Hongjun Yang, Xiuming Cui, and Luqi Huang. "Policies and Problems of Modernizing Ethnomedicine in China: A Focus on the Yi and Dai Traditional Medicines of Yunnan Province." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (August 14, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1023297.
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Yunnan is a multiethnic province in southwest China, rich in Materia medica resources, and is popularly known as the kingdom of plants. Biomedicine and public health industry have been the industrial pillars of Yunnan since 2016, which is the important pharmaceutical industrial base for Dai and Yi medicine in China. This review of the Yunnan ethnic medicine industry describes some of the problems to be solved in the development of sustainable ethnomedicine in China. We investigated Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) declared as ethnomedicine on the drug instructions and identified 28 Dai patent medicines (DPMs) and 73 Yi patent medicines (YPMs) that were approved for clinical use in China. In further research, the clinical indications of these CPMs were determined, and the quality standard of medicinal materials and their usage frequencies in DPMs and YPMs were investigated. We also collected and analyzed the data on use of botanical and animal sources of medicines, the rare and endangered medicinal materials, and toxic medicines in DPMs and YPMs. The application of zootherapy in Yi traditional medicine was introduced from its abundant ancient documents and records; based on the “YaGei” theory in Dai traditional medicine, toxic medicines can be relatively safe in DPMs. However, for promoting the Yunnan traditional medicine industry, it is necessary to strengthen medical research to expand evidence-based clinical practice and balance ethnomedicine production and sustainable utilization of Materia medica resources, especially the animal sources of medicines, toxic medicines, and the protected wild resources reported in this survey. Only in this way can industrialization of ethnomedicine promote the improvement of human health.
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Pereira, Anil L., Vineela Muppavarapu, and Soon M. Chung. "Managing Role-Based Access Control Policies for Grid Databases in OGSA-DAI Using CAS." Journal of Grid Computing 5, no. 1 (December 28, 2006): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10723-006-9054-4.
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Voroniatnikov, O. O., and T. O. Kostiuk. "SYNERGY OF ADMINISTRATIVE, JURIDICAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF TRANSBORDER COOPERATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE." Kyiv Law Journal, no. 1 (2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/klj/2021.1.11.
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Cammarata, Roberto. "La comunitÀ, dai miti al diritto. Un confronto tra Gemeinschaft e Comunidad." SOCIETÀ DEGLI INDIVIDUI (LA), no. 47 (October 2013): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/las2013-047009.
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The article shows a comparison between two ideas or ‘models' of community, Tönnies Gemeinschaft, reworked by Schmitt, and the Latin American indigenous peoples' Comunidad. A comparison that starts from the respective origin myths (the biblical Genesis on one hand, and the Maya cosmogony narrated in the Popol Vuh on the other) and arrives at the reflections on the subject of rights and freedoms that these narratives still produce today, in contemporary intercultural societies. The study focuses in particular on how the element of identity and belonging to a community can be used to motivate policies and laws oriented to the exclusion or inclusion, to discrimination or emancipation.
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Warwick, Shelly, Nadia Caidi, Pierrette Bergeron, Christine Dufour, Jesus Cortes, and John Rumble. "Transborder data flow: Implications for information dissemination and policies between the U.S., Canada and Mexico. Sponsored by SIG IFP, III." Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 40, no. 1 (January 31, 2005): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/meet.1450400158.
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Pilster, Ulrich. "■ Dai, Xinyuan, 2007. International Institutions and National Policies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 187 pp. ISBN 0521696313." Journal of Peace Research 46, no. 2 (March 2009): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308100721.
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Muralidharan, Shrikanth, Astha Chauhan, Srinivasa Gowda, Rutuja Ambekar, Bhupendra S. Rathore, Sakshi Chabra, Afsheen Lalani, and Harsh Harani. "Assessment of orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 91, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-795.
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Introduction. India is home to many tribes which have an interesting and varied history of origins, customs and social practices. Oral health care in tribal areas is limited due to shortage of dental manpower, financial constraints and the lack of perceived need for dental care among tribal masses.Objective To assess orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India.Methods. A cross-sectional house to house survey was carried out among 800 tribal children aged 5 to 15 years old in two major tribal districts of Indore division. Permissions and consent were obtained from local administrative authorities, ethical committee and parents respectively. A structured proforma was used to record demographic data. Examination for dentofacial anomalies was conducted according to WHO 1997 survey methods. Descriptive tables and analytical tests like ANOVA, post-hoc and chi-square test were employed.Results. The mean age was 9.75(±2.43) years. The mean DAI score among 12 to 15 years old children was 23.19±5.22. Female exhibited higher (24.51±5.34) mean DAI score compared to males (22.12±4.87) (p<0.05). The Patelia tribes (24.38±5.13) reported higher mean DAI score than Bhilala (23.02±5.69) and Bhil tribe (22.73±4.79) (p<0.005).Conclusion. The tribal children had minor malocclusion with no or slight treatment need. Categorization of orthodontic treatment need according to malocclusion severity is particularly important for the planning of corresponding public policies. The isolation of the villages, lack of transportation options imposes limitations on the availability of health professionals to provide dental services.
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Gwiaździńska-Goraj, Marta, Katarzyna Pawlewicz, and Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle. "Differences in the Quantitative Demographic Potential—A Comparative Study of Polish–German and Polish–Lithuanian Transborder Regions." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 9414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229414.
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Demographic potential is a particularly important consideration in border areas that are peripheral regions of a country. The aim of this study was to identify differences in the quantitative demographic potential of Polish–German and Polish–Lithuanian transborder regions, as well as the extent to which natural population increase and net migration influence the demographic potential of border regions. An essential element of the research was the analysis of the importance of borders on shaping the quantitative demographic potential. The study relied on the zeroed unitarization method and the method proposed by Webb. The study revealed considerable spatial variation in the quantitative demographic potential of the analyzed regions at LAU 1 (Local Administrative Units) on the background of NUTS 0 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) and NUTS 2. The highest values were noted in urban units, which accounted for 11.0% of all evaluated units. The areas characterized by the lowest demographic potential represented 16.5% of the total number of the analyzed units, which should be regarded as a positive outcome. Most of these border regions were situated in Germany and Lithuania. Demographic potential is an important determinant of social and economic growth; therefore, the results of this study can be used to diagnose problems in border regions and implement the required regional policies.
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Quyet, Luu Van, Vo Van Sen, Nguyen Thi Anh Nguyet, and Vo Phuc Toan. "The Border Protection and Sea Defense in the South Viet Nam of the Nguyen Dynasty in the First Half of the 19th Century." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (August 4, 2021): 4160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2440.
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From distant past to present day, the Southern region has been playing an important role in national defense and foreign affairs, with great potential to create a breakthrough for the socioeconomic development of Vietnam. However, due to historical conditions and geographical location, political instabilities were frequently seen in the Southern region under the rule of the Nguyen lords and the early Nguyen Dynasty (early 19th century), especially the instability of the relationship between three feudal countries: Dai Viet (Vietnam), Chenla (Cambodia) and Siam (Thailand) from the 17th century to the first half of the 19th century. In its Southern defense strategy to prevent Siamese invasions and maintain its position as the "protector" of Chenla as well as to develop the new land, the Nguyen Dynasty focused on building border defense formation on land and sea in the South, with the defense system on the border area of Chau Doc, Ha Tien and the Southwestern sea in the Gulf of Thailand as the focus. The Nguyen Dynasty's proper implementation of policies in the border and sea areas had brought great effects and contributed to the strong protection of Dai Viet's sovereignty over the Southern land.
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Rodriguez-Chavez, Cesar, Silvana Larrea-Schiavon, Rene Leyva-Flores, Nirma D. Bustamante, Marcel Arevalo, Ricardo Cortes-Alcala, Georgina Rodriguez, Rebecca Merrill, Dianne Escotto, and Ietza Bojorquez. "A characterization of cross-border use of health services in a transborder population at the Mexico-Guatemala border, September–November 2021." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 22, 2023): e0282095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282095.
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Background Cross-border use of health services is an important aspect of life in border regions. Little is known about the cross-border use of health services in neighboring low- and middle-income countries. Understanding use of health services in contexts of high cross-border mobility, such as at the Mexico-Guatemala border, is crucial for national health systems planning. This article aims to describe the characteristics of the cross-border use of health care services by transborder populations at the Mexico-Guatemala border, as well as the sociodemographic and health-related variables associated with use. Methods Between September-November 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a probability (time-venue) sampling design at the Mexico-Guatemala border. We conducted a descriptive analysis of cross-border use of health services and assessed the association of use with sociodemographic and mobility characteristics by means of logistic regressions. Results A total of 6,991 participants were included in this analysis; 82.9% were Guatemalans living in Guatemala, 9.2% were Guatemalans living in Mexico, 7.8% were Mexicans living in Mexico, and 0.16% were Mexicans living in Guatemala. 2.6% of all participants reported having a health problem in the past two weeks, of whom 58.1% received care. Guatemalans living in Guatemala were the only group reporting cross-border use of health services. In multivariate analyses, Guatemalans living in Guatemala working in Mexico (compared to not working in Mexico) (OR 3.45; 95% CI 1.02,11.65), and working in agriculture/cattle, industry, or construction while in Mexico (compared to working in other sectors) (OR 26.67; 95% CI 1.97,360.85), were associated with cross-border use. Conclusions Cross-border use of health services in this region is related to transborder work (i.e., circumstantial use of cross-border health services). This points to the importance of considering the health needs of migrant workers in Mexican health policies and developing strategies to facilitate and increase their access to health services.
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Szalontai, Balázs. "The “Sole Legal Government of Vietnam”: The Bao Dai Factor and Soviet Attitudes toward Vietnam, 1947–1950." Journal of Cold War Studies 20, no. 3 (September 2018): 3–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00813.
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Earlier historical studies often suggested that the Soviet leader Iosif Stalin, distrustful as he was of Ho Chi Minh's policies and attributing little importance to Vietnam, remained unwilling to recognize the Democratic Republic of Vietnam until the Chinese Communist leaders threw their weight behind their Vietnamese comrades. On the basis of Soviet press articles, Hungarian archival documents, United Nations (UN) records, and other sources, this article shows that in fact Soviet interest in Vietnam significantly increased as early as 1948–1949, well before the proclamation of the People's Republic of China. This interest, expressed in growing press coverage and sporadic efforts to represent North Vietnam's cause in various UN organs, seems to have been linked to Moscow's strong disapproval of France's attempts to create an anti-Communist “puppet state.” From the outset, the USSR took the position that the Communist North was the sole legitimate representative of the Vietnamese nation and, hence, that the Bao Dai regime in the South was ipso facto illegitimate. The article concludes that Chinese support to Ho Chi Minh was only one of the three major factors that persuaded Stalin to recognize North Vietnam; the two others were the “Bao Dai factor” and Moscow's dissatisfaction with France's new European policy.
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Dang, Thi Dong. "The educational achievements of Vietnam under the Ly - Tran dynasties: Perspective from Buddhism as the state religion on basis of education of three teachings harmonious." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, no. 10 (October 25, 2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(10).61-64.
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Buddhism in the Ly - Tran dynasties played the role of the national religion in the relationship of the three religions (Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism), contributing to the development of Dai Viet education. Zen masters, laypeople, and Buddhists have made great contributions in helping leaders manage and orient appropriate policies for the country. This research affirmed that taking Buddhist education as the national religion is an exact policy of Vietnam’s education in the Ly - Tran dynasties. At the same time, the author analysed the achievements of education in the Ly - Tran dynasties in terms of building the education system, the policy on the selection and use of talents, and other outstanding achievements in social life.
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Wade, Geoff. "Engaging the South: Ming China and Southeast Asia in the Fifteenth Century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 51, no. 4 (2008): 578–638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852008x354643.
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AbstractThe fifteenth century witnessed Ming China expanding its interactions with areas to the south—areas which we today refer to as Southeast Asia. This involved overland political expansion, the gradual incorporation of Tai polities, as well as their economic exploitation. The twenty-year incorporation of the Dai Viêt policy was also part of this process. In the maritime realm, following the early fifteenth-century sending of massive armadas in an attempt to achieve a pax Ming in the region, the Ming court made efforts to ban maritime commerce by non-state players. This paper examines the effects that these various Ming policies had on Southeast Asia in the political, economic, technological, and cultural spheres. Le XVIème siècle vit la multiplication des interventions de la Chine des Ming dans la région aujourd'hui dénommée Asie du Sud-Est. Elles entraînèrent une expansion politique terrestre, l'annexion progressive des royaumes Thaïs et leur exploitation économique. L'incorporation du royaume de Dai Viêt à la Chine durant vingt années, s'inscrit dans le même développement. Dans le domaine maritime, le début du XVIème siècle est marqué par l'envoi d'armadas qui tentèrent d'imposer la pax Ming dans l'Asie du Sud-Est., la cour Ming s'efforçant d'exclure le négoce privé du commerce maritime. Cette contribution étudie les effets de l'ensemble des stratégies des Ming en Asie du Sud-Est dans la sphère politique, économique, technologique et culturelle.
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Bojorquez, Ietza, René Leyva-Flores, César Rodríguez-Chávez, Carlos Hernández-Campos, Marcel Arévalo, Ricardo Cortés-Alcalá, Georgina Rodríguez-Elizondo, et al. "Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake in a Transborder Population at the Mexico–Guatemala Border, September–November 2021." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 6919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116919.
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Assessing COVID-19 vaccination uptake of transborder populations is critical for informing public health policies. We conducted a probability (time-venue) survey of adults crossing from Mexico into Guatemala from September to November 2021, with the objective of describing COVID-19 vaccination status, willingness to get vaccinated, and associated factors. The main outcomes were receipt of ≥1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, being fully vaccinated, and willingness to get vaccinated. We assessed the association of outcomes with sociodemographic characteristics using logistic regressions. Of 6518 participants, 50.6% (95%CI 48.3,53.0) were vaccinated (at least one dose); 23.3% (95%CI 21.4,25.2) were unvaccinated but willing to get vaccinated, and 26.1% (95%CI 24.1,28.3) were unvaccinated and unwilling to get vaccinated. Those living in Mexico, independent of country of birth, had the highest proportion vaccinated. The main reason for unwillingness was fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (47.7%, 95%CI 43.6,51.9). Education level was positively associated with the odds of partial and full vaccination as well as willingness to get vaccinated. People identified as Catholic had higher odds of getting vaccinated and being fully vaccinated than members of other religious groups or the non-religious. Further studies should explore barriers to vaccination among those willing to get vaccinated and the motives of the unwilling.
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Rachmawati, Iva, Siti Darwinda Mohamad Pero, and Muhammad Ridho Wirawan. "The Role of Paradiplomacy in the Development of the Aruk Border Area." Journal of Paradiplomacy and City Networks 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jpcn.v1i2.18.
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Being isolated and lacking public facilities, border areas tend to be neglected. On the other hand, border areas can serve as economic and social hubs if isolation is broken through development and international cooperation. The Aruk border area in Sambas Regency was extremely underdeveloped before the construction of the Aruk Cross-border Post (PLBN). Opening the remoteness of Aruk was a challenging endeavor. However, through the local government’s efforts, Aruk has become one of the wheels of the economy in Sajingan Besar District, Sambas Regency. Using the concepts of the formal and informal roles of paradiplomacy in transborder diplomacy, this article reviews how paradiplomacy attempts to open up the isolation of Aruk for the welfare of the people at the border. This qualitative research discovered that the roles of formal and informal paradiplomacy in Sambas have significantly affected the development of the regency. Formal relationships have been held in the KK Sosek Malindo, while informal relationships have been built by personal relationships owned by regional sub-national actors. The two relations have encouraged the birth of policies supporting the border area’s development in Aruk.
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Rabbi, Md Fazle, and Meghna Sabharwal. "Dynamics of Nuclear Energy Policies in India: A Case Study on the Emergence of Nuclear Safety Regulatory Authority." Indian Journal of Public Administration 64, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 664–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556118790705.
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This study analyses the dynamics of nuclear energy policies in India by using Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET) and examines the emergence of India’s Nuclear Safety Regulatory Authority (NSRA) bill as an outcome of punctuation of policy equilibrium. In doing so, the initial part of the study focuses on origin, diffusion and antecedents of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) to position PET as a theoretical framework, and in the latter part, we analyse the phenomenon of the emergence of the NSRA bill in light of PET. The study finds that the dynamics of nuclear energy policies in India follow a pattern inscribed in the PET and the emergence of NSRA bill can be ascribed to the punctuation of a long sustaining policy equilibrium maintained from 1948 to 2010. The active engagement of multiple policy venues such as the Parliament and the judiciary, an unprecedented level of public protest and increased media attention triggered by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident in 2011 catalysed the end of an equilibrium and compelled the policymakers to introduce a bill for establishing an independent regulatory agency, that is, NSRA, to oversee nuclear safety in India.
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Nogueira, Carlos. "“Ó cóleras sagradas!/ Dai-me versos febris, agudos como espadas”: a sátira na poesia de Guerra Junqueiro." Acta Philologica, no. 58 (2022) (August 19, 2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/acta.58.2022.5.
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The aim of this paper is to determine and understand the ideas and poetics of the Portuguese writer Guerra Junqueiro’s (1850-1923) satire in verse. the article analyzes the literary content, form and stylistic strategies and takes into account Junqueiro’s historical, cultural and literary contexts. the idea of homeland fuels his satire to ridicule and punish both the internal agents that the poet considers responsible for the civilizational backwardness of his country (monarchists, King D. Carlos, the Church, the literati, etc.), and the external ones (England and its Portugal-related policies). the article demonstrates that Junqueiro’s satire is aimed to produce psychological and physical pain, which is metaphorized in the images of defense and punishment. Finally, it proves that this kind of fi gurative violence, in the context of a country in dire need of activism, paradoxically took the form of a nihilistic perspective expressed through a satirical verbalization that can, nonetheless, be considered as “active pessimism”.
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Waterbury, Myra A. "Kin-State Politics: Causes and Consequences." Nationalities Papers 48, no. 5 (July 14, 2020): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.3.
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AbstractThis article situates the development of the kin-state politics literature within the context of post-Cold War scholarship on ethnicity, nationalism, and conflict. It outlines how an increasingly mature literature emerged around the domestic political and foreign policy drivers of kin-state politics as scholars drew from a number of perspectives, from the literature on irredentism to that on diaspora politics and transborder nationalism. The article then evaluates scholarship on the drivers and impacts of kin-state politics, with a focus on the consequences of kin-state politics for the cultural and political landscape of external kin communities and the impact on regional security and stability. While a rich and nuanced literature has helped to contextualize the tensions and complexities of the former, I argue that the latter needs to be developed further. Careful work needs to be done to more precisely establish the conditions under which kin-state politics constitute a security threat. Future scholarship should bring together a more ground level perspective of how kin-state policies are perceived, utilized, and/or instrumentalized by their intended subjects with a critical understanding of how the “game” of kin-state politics is played within the home state and the kin-state.
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Sebentsov, Alexander B. "Cross-border cooperation on the EU-Russian borders: results of the program approach." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-136.
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Cooperation across the Russia-EU border has been drawing much attention in recent years. The majority of studies point out programs’ efficacy, high density of border institutions and resistance to geopolitical risks among other factors. These advancements can be explained by the theory of multilevel collaboration which implies that diverse and multiple cooperation institutions can effectively distinguish matters of high politics from practical issues concerning interests of those living along the external borders.The article aims to analyze the impact of cross-border cooperation programs (CBC Programs) on the thematic, institutional and spatial structure of the cross-border relations.The research is grounded in the overview and analysis of a large volume of empirical data including reports and descriptions of cross-border cooperation programs, data provided by the regional governing agencies, as well as 76 semistructured interviews obtained from regional experts as part of several research expeditions by the Laboratory of Geopolitical Studies of the Institute of Geography RAS taken place over the period from 2011 to 2018.Main characteristics and long-term trends of the cross-border program approach are examined as follows: growth in governmental coordination on various agency levels aimed at development and implementation of mutually beneficial partnerships, creation of joint program management bodies, development of uniform policies and joint funding sources for projects, and interest in maintaining an equal level of collaboration.It is revealed that gradual rise of the programs’ role in cross-border cooperation in the area contributed to the restructuring of its institutional systems, launching selection process for the existing border institutions (euro-regions, crossborder regional councils, and others), as well as triggering the synergy effect among them and the transborder forms of cooperation.The main characteristics of spatial partnership structures are identified. These include those consisting of high concentration of project activities taking place within large urban centers along the external borders and those asymmetrical to cross-border interactions. The former is especially pertinent to the Russian side of the border where just a small number of such centers are involved in up to 70-80% of project activities. Even fewer number of Russian cities initiate their own collaborative projects. A gradual spatial shift of cooperative projects toward the areas immediately proximate to the borders, as well as the decrease in asymmetry of transborder cooperation are identified as the new trends by the author.
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Cashman, Timothy G. "“In spite of the way the world is”." International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 22, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-11-2018-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide comparative perspectives on how educators teach issues that affect two countries with a history of governmental tensions. The investigation examines how teachers in Cuban classrooms engage in discourses on the recent developments in Cuban and US relations, including the teaching of historical and territorial issues. This research considers border pedagogy, critical border dialogism and critical border praxis as approaches for those who educate on the effects of US international policies. Ultimately, pragmatic hope offers the possibilities for an emergent third space for Cuban and US relations, including educational exchanges. Design/methodology/approach The research took place in Cuba during an educational exchange to Cuban secondary and university educational sites. Cuban educators of pedagogy and social education engaged in dialogue and shared information on how they address US international policies during their classroom discussions. The researcher employed methodologies that followed Stake’s (2000) model for a substantive case study. Impressions, data, records and salient elements at the observed site were recorded. Transcriptions were documented for face-to-face interviews and hour-long focus group sessions. Participants also logged responses to written survey questions. The study focused on how Cuban educators taught, discussed and addressed the US international policies in classrooms. Findings Heteroglossia, meliorism, critical cosmopolitanism, nepantla, dialogic feminism and pragmatic hope were components of the data analysis. Heteroglossia was an essential consideration throughout the study as multiple interpretations of Cuban and US interconnectedness emerged. Meliorism factored into Cuban educators’ commitments to their professions. Critical cosmopolitanism developed as educators put forth different conceptualizations of human rights and democracy. Nepantla emerged as a key aspect as indigenous and self-determined viewpoints emerged. Dialogic feminism was preeminent as patriarchy continues to exist, despite a new awareness of gender roles and gender violence. Pragmatic hope offers possibilities for a transnational community of inquiry and collaboration. Research limitations/implications The most obvious limitation to this study is, as a case study, the limited scope of perception. Practical implications If future relations between Cuban and the US are deemed uncertain, critical border praxis has an essential role in addressing new sets of uncertainties. This study recommends that educational communities engage in discourses addressing ongoing issues facing the dynamic, fluid border environs. Critical border praxis provides conditions in which we, as educators and members of diverse communities of learners, become cross-borders and broaden the possibilities to achieve what had been considered the unattainable. Resources need to be prioritized and redirected toward educational efforts on national, state and local levels so critical border praxis becomes a reality. Social implications Through transnational and transborder engagements, such as educational exchanges, both US and Cuban educators are provided opportunities to reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their own educational systems. The role of education, formal and informal, then serves to transform perceptions one-by-one, school-by-school, community-by-community and to influence policy makers to reconstruct education country-by-country as part of pragmatic hope for an enduring Pax Universalis. Pax Universalis serves as a third space where transborder students and educators alike are positioned as co-creators of knowledge and agents of change. Originality/value This study proposes a new emergent third space resulting from critical border dialogism that utilizes border pedagogy and critical pedagogies of place to seek new zones of mutual respect and cooperation among educators. Common educational understandings are the key starting point for a critical border praxis that facilitates ongoing dialogue between the two countries and offers pragmatic hope for the futures of both nations and opportunities to ameliorate relationships. An emergent third space is possible through sustained critical border praxis, a praxis that seeks to address points of contention and the bridges that need crossing between the two neighboring countries.
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Dinh Tien, Hieu, and Hong Nguyen Thu. "Impacts of Chinese Population Migration on Vietnamese Hoi An’s Socio-Economic Development in the XVI-XVIII Centuries." DEMIS. Demographic Research 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 116–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.1.9.
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Hoi An was one of the important economic, cultural, and commercial centres of Vietnam in the period of the XVI-XVIII centuries. The establishment and development of the Hoi An seaport were closely attached to the migration and trade of Chinese merchants in addition to the favourable policies of the Nguyen lords. Together with Japanese and Vietnamese merchants, Hoa merchants carried out trading activities proactively and contributed a significant part to the domestic and foreign trade in Hoi An, making it a busy commercial centre and the largest seaport of Cochinchina in the 16th–18th centuries. However, so far, the study of the role of the Chinese in commercial activities in Hoi An has not been fully and systematically studied. Based on the results of previous researchers, the article focuses on understanding the process of migration of the Chinese to the land of Hoi An, and at the same time, outlines the exchange and trade activities, as well as the contributions of the Chinese people to the economic and social development of Cochinchina in particular, and Dai Viet in general.
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Ferrantino, Concetta, Maria Tiso, and Iolanda Sara Iannotta. "A cultural challenge: renewing the mental space for an inclusive school." Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/form-12633.
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This paper proposes a critical reflection about the need of transforming school into an inclusive environment, to promote personal enhancement and to enrich the collegial, social and cultural dimension. A short theoretical excursus, aimed at defining an open and autopoietic school system (Maturana & Valera, 1985), preempts a description of the different tools used to design and evaluate an inclusive school. The purpose is to consider the impact that these instruments could have in terms of policies, practices and inclusive cultures (Booth & Ainscow, 2002). The authors believe that inclusion is not a set of policies and practices, but a mental space, able to establish a culture shared by the different stakeholders of the school community.
Una sfida culturale: rinnovare lo spazio mentale per una scuola inclusiva.
Il contributo propone una riflessione critica di carattere espositivo rispetto all’urgenza di trasformare la scuola in un ambiente inclusivo, al fine di promuovere la valorizzazione personale e arricchire la dimensione collegiale, sociale e culturale. Dopo un breve excursus teorico, finalizzato alla definizione di un sistema formativo aperto e autopoietico (Maturana & Valera, 1985), sono presentati i diversi strumenti utili alla progettazione e valutazione di una scuola inclusiva. Scopo della riflessione è considerare l’impatto che questi strumenti sono in grado di determinare in termini di politiche, prassi e culture inclusive (Booth & Ainscow, 2002). Il presupposto alla base della riflessione degli autori è considerare l’inclusione non soltanto un insieme di politiche e pratiche, ma soprattutto uno spazio mentale, in grado di determinare una cultura diffusa e condivisa dai diversi stakeholder della comunità scolastica.
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Kinanggi, Syarifah Kusumadewi, Muh Akbar, and Muhammad Farid. "The Role of Religious Leaders as Opinion Leaders in Government Communications Related to COVID-19." International Journal of Science and Society 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i4.590.
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Covid 19, it is undeniable that it has had a bad impact on people's lives, both in the health aspect, as well as in the political, economic, social, etc. This made the government then issue several handling policies, including: Implementing restrictions on community activities, implementing health protocols, including various rules in the order of religious life, one of which is an appeal to carry out worship at home. So that people can immediately know and obey these rules, of course we need an appropriate communication strategy by paying attention to the role of an opinion leader. Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which is the location of this research, is an area that has regulations on religion. Therefore, a religious figure can be said to be an opinion leader who has a strategic position, especially in communicating government policies related to Covid 19 on religious issues. This is in line with the two-step model of communication flow, both in the pattern of face-to-face communication and mass communication, which introduced the concept of opinion leader. This research method is descriptive qualitative with the aim of providing an overview of the role of religious leaders in government communication. Through the interview process with the Chairperson of the Indonesian Ulema Council and the Young Dai of Bulukumba Regency, it is known that religious leaders have a role in government communication in Bulukumba Regency, through direct da'wah or using digital media. Furthermore, of course the results of this research are expected to be an input for the government, in considering and determining opinion leaders on other issues.
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Colombo, Sabrina. "Universitŕ e contesto socio-economico nel Regno Unito. Il contributo della ricerca universitaria allo sviluppo." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 118 (July 2010): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2010-118005.
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A partire dagli anni settanta del secolo scorso nelle teorie dello sviluppo economico inizia a legittimarsi un nuovo framework concettuale. In precedenza, lo sviluppo era visto come accumulazione di fattori legati al lavoro e al capitale. A seguito tuttavia dei mutamenti nei modelli produttivi indotti dalla crescente competizione internazionale, accumulazione di conoscenza (capitale umano) e innovazione si impongono come elementi fondamentali per lo sviluppo delle economie piů avanzate. Nelle scienze sociali e nelle agende politiche nazionali e sovra nazionali trova crescente legittimazione quindi il concetto di knowledge economy, in cui alle universitŕ spetta un ruolo fondamentale, sia per l'attivitŕ di formazione di capitale umano, sia per l'attivitŕ di ricerca. Le universitŕ dovrebbero pertanto integrarsi sempre piů nella societŕ, per rispondere alle esigenze dei principali stakeholders (studenti e attori economici) e produrre innovazione in collaborazione con (e per) l'ambiente esterno. In Europa il sistema di formazione terziaria del Regno Unito č considerato tra i piů aperti alle esigenze del mondo economico, anche a seguito degli interventi di policy iniziati dai governi conservatori degli anni ottanta. La ricerca presentata in questo articolo mette in evidenza la non linearitŕ di tale visione e soprattutto le contraddizioni e le retoriche intrinseche alle teorie e alle policies legate alla knowledge economy. Lo studio, che discute il rapporto tra universitŕ e attori socio-economici esterni nel Regno Unito, si basa sull'analisi di dati aggregati e interviste qualitative a testimoni privilegiati sia a livello nazionale sia in quattro studi di caso svolti a Manchester e Liverpool.
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Hudzaifah, Hudzaifah, Muhammad Akhyar, and Siti S. Fadhilah. "Analysis of Smartphone Application Mastery in Distance Learning for Deaf Children in Secondary School." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DASAR 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46368/jpd.v9i1.348.
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Abstract: Distance learning is a learning model that is applied as one of the policies of the world government in the field of education to break the chain of the spread of the covid-19 virus. Many problems occur during distance learning, including in special education, one of which is deaf children, where deaf children have barriers in communicating but must follow learning without meeting in person in the classroom. This study aims to find out what information technology is most mastered by deaf children as a means of supporting distance learning. This research was conducted on deaf children at the high school level in extraordinary schools that during the covid 19 pandemic the school implemented an online learning system. This study uses descriptive analysis with the questionnaire filling method. Data collection is done by disseminating questionnaires containing questions related to the mastery of applications on smartphones aimed at deaf children. Furthermore, the data is analyzed using inductive and thematic analytics. Dai this research can be known that from the use of Whatsapp Application as a means of communication used to receive distance learning materials is 94.74%, zoom meeting application mastery rate 0.00%, then youtube application mastery level in receiving information 100.00%. And the most preferred time for deaf children to learn is free, which is 65.79%. So it can be concluded that the smartphone application that is most mastered by deaf children in high school in learning and receiving information is a Youtube application and the preferred time for deaf children in learning is free or unspecified. Keywords: Mastery of Smartphone Applications; Deaf Children; Distance Learning
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Szejgiec-Kolenda, Barbara, and Patryk Duma. "Powiązania handlowe wewnątrz makroregionu Morza Bałtyckiego – w kierunku integracji regionalnej = Trade linkages within the Baltic Sea region – towards regional integration." Przegląd Geograficzny 92, no. 4 (2020): 609–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2020.4.8.
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Two events exerted an essential influence on the development of collaboration in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in the 21st century, namely: extension of the EU in 2004, due to which Baltic Sea became the inner sea of the EU (except for the Russian coast), and the elaboration and implementation in 2009 of the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, which established the framework for the contemporary deepening of cooperation among the Baltic states inside the EU structures. The initially adopted model of cooperation concentrated on the key environmental issues, to then get extended towards the policy domain, including the transborder policies (institutional cooperation), as well as transport and economic connections (Palmowski, 2017). The article, while following the stream of the current studies of the BSR as an economic region, tries to fill the gap of complexity and dynamism of development processes, concerning the scale and intensity of mutual economic relations in relation to BSR. Thus, the article presents the basic aspects, associated with the introduction of the macroregional strategies in the EU and a short description of the economic integration process of the BSR. Analysis is presented of the most important regularities regarding trade exchange between the countries of the BSR, with consideration of the quantitative changes (volume, dynamics), and of the structural ones (specialization of trade in goods and services), as well as the trade linkages at the local level, as seen from the perspective of Polish exports (case study). International comparisons are based primarily on the economic data on foreign trade in goods and in services. The analysis concentrates on the assessment of the transformations in the years 2011 2019 (for trade in services: 2011 2018), that is – already after the establishment of the Strategy and the period of recession, resulting from the global crisis of 2008. In the course of the recent years the changes in the trade linkages considered brought a significant increase in the volume of trade, both concerning goods and services (46.3%), which confirms the initial proposition of the deepening integration within the BSR. Yet, this process takes place in a spatially uneven manner, and it is significantly stronger for the trade in goods than for the services. Internal trade inside the region accounts for as much as 23.7% of the total trade of the BSR countries (this share for the EU countries amounting to 60.0%). Nowadays, the internal trade with the BSR countries is of the highest importance for the small economies of the Baltic states, which is partly due to their intermediate position between Western Europe and Eastern Europe (including, especially, Russia). The analysis of the spatial development of trade with the Nordic countries at the local level in Poland demonstrates the persistence of the applicability and popularity of the gravity models in the study of regula ities, associated with the development of export relations; for the local economies the distance to the sales market and the local economic base are the essential factors, differentiating the magnitude and the significance of exports, in this case – to the Nordic countries. The macroregional Strategy might be treated as a new form of diversified integration within the EU, while the elaborated instruments of the policy and the strategy implementation process can be seen as the response to the need of the cohesion policy, dedicated to the particular areas of supranational dimensions (Gänzle & Kern, 2016). The BSR is strongly internally differentiated, this statement applying to economic, social and demographic aspects (Kubka, 2018). Moreover, it can be expected that the region will remain a heterogeneous area (Laaser & Schrader, 2002), also in terms of the regional trade patterns. Thereby, new questions arise, concerning the further process of economic integration and the specificity of cooperation in the framework of the BSR.
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Chiruta, Ionut. "Multifaced Hungarian Kin-State Activism in Szeklerland: Rebuilding the Last ‘Nation' Through Restorative Nostalgia and Lieux de Mémoire." Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/llcw3331.
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This article explores the cultural dynamics of Fidesz's kin-state policies achieved in Romania between 2015 and 2020, particularly in the enclave of Szeklerland. In recent years, Fidesz's external policies constructed a transborder “synthetic home” connected to Hungary by memory spaces. Consequently, this study investigates how the ethnocultural reproduction and redefinition of the Hungarian heritage in Romania has evolved under these influences. To understand Fidesz's ethnic parallelism, this article studies Fidesz's overseas financial assistance for Hungarian cultural heritage and the actions of long-distance Hungarian nationalists from Romania. By analysing the lieux de mémoire from Szeklerland and the activities of political agents, this paper reveals how public spaces are nationalised under a Hungarian identity. This paper also shows that the dialectic of lieux, in the case of minorities separated from their homeland, features both a restorative process and commemorative rhetoric of a positive past. Finally, this paper reveals that lieux de mémoire are instrumental when synthetically reconstructing the lost home through religious and nationalist revivals.
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Birdsall, Stephanie, and William Birdsall. "Geography matters: Mapping human development and digital access." First Monday, October 3, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v10i10.1281.
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Policy circles have long made the assumption that information and communications technologies promote human development. In mapping the Human Development Index (HDI) against the Digital Access Index (DAI) we explore the statistical and spatial relationship between human development and digital access. The results suggest information and communications technologies may not play as strong a role in promoting human development as is usually asserted and that public policies might need to be centered more on human rather than digital capital.
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Anh, Nguyen Thi Quynh. "Applying the Rule of Social Mobility in Identifying Policy Frameworks to Attract High-Quality Science and Technology Human Resources to Universities." VNU Journal of Science: Policy and Management Studies 37, no. 1 (March 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1116/vnupam.4299.
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The fourth industrial revolution has created a great boost in the development of technology, prompting countries to seek intelligent management solutions in all fields. This also brings opportunities and challenges in attracting and using high-quality human resources for organizations and countries in current global competition. According to Klaus Schwab, who introduced the term Fourth Industrial Revolution, talent, rather than capital, will represent the factor of production. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for organizations and countries in the competition for high-quality scientific and technological human resources. Universities are also on this trend. The article will analyze the need to apply the rule of social mobility in policy identification to attract high-quality science and technology human resources to universities. These research contents initially contribute to providing the arguments for the process of making policies to attract talents or high-quality scientific and technological human resources in universities in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.
Keywords:
Social mobility, the Fourth industrial revolution, policies to attract high-quality science and technology human resources.
References
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Black, Elizabeth, Martim Brandão, Oana Cocarascu, Bart De Keijzer, Yali Du, Derek Long, Michael Luck, et al. "Reasoning and interaction for social artificial intelligence." AI Communications, September 12, 2022, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aic-220133.
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Current work on multi-agent systems at King’s College London is extensive, though largely based in two research groups within the Department of Informatics: the Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) thematic group and the Reasoning & Planning (RAP) thematic group. DAI combines AI expertise with political and economic theories and data, to explore social and technological contexts of interacting intelligent entities. It develops computational models for analysing social, political and economic phenomena to improve the effectiveness and fairness of policies and regulations, and combines intelligent agent systems, software engineering, norms, trust and reputation, agent-based simulation, communication and provenance of data, knowledge engineering, crowd computing and semantic technologies, and algorithmic game theory and computational social choice, to address problems arising in autonomous systems, financial markets, privacy and security, urban living and health. RAP conducts research in symbolic models for reasoning involving argumentation, knowledge representation, planning, and other related areas, including development of logical models of argumentation-based reasoning and decision-making, and their usage for explainable AI and integration of machine and human reasoning, as well as combining planning and argumentation methodologies for strategic argumentation.
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Ramos García, José María. "Gestión intergubernamental y capacidad estratégica en el desarrollo local y regional fronterizo." región y sociedad 14, no. 25 (May 25, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.22198/rys.2002.25.a685.
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Resumen:El artículo tiene como objetivo principal examinar el papel de los gobiernos locales en el desarrollo regional de la frontera norte de México, con base en los enfoques de la gestión intergubernamental de políticas públicas y la capacidad estratégica. La aportación teórica de este artículo consiste en destacar y especificar el papel de la gestión en las políticas de desarrollo fronterizo, con base en la capacidad de los recursos humanos, administrativa y, en general, gubernamental. Asimismo, se fundamenta la gestión intergubernamental en materia de asuntos fronterizos, en especial en el ámbito local y a su vez, la gestión de problemas transfronterizos. La pregunta central del artículo es: ¿los gobiernos fronterizos cuentan con las capacidades para promover el desarrollo regional en un contexto fronterizo y transfronterizo? La premisa que se plantea concibe que una mayor y eficaz cooperación entre los tres ámbitos de gobierno (local, estatal y federal), en materia de desarrollo regional, y sustentada en una capacidad estratégica, coadyuva a una mejor gestión e implantación de las políticas. Los temas generales del artículo son: 1.Antecedentes de las teorías de crecimiento y de política regional, donde se destaca la importancia de la gestión y políticas públicas en las principales teorías del crecimiento y de la política regional; 2. Gestión pública, capacidad y gestión intergubernamental; se examinan algunos antecedentes generales de la gestión pública y se define el concepto de capacidad gubernamental y su impacto en el desarrollo regional, así como la importancia de la gestión intergubernamental, y 3. Problemas fronterizos y nuevos enfoques en la gestión del desarrollo regional; se analizan algunos problemas fronterizos, con la finalidad de destacar ciertas limitaciones en la capacidad gubernamental; en ese contexto, se proponen nuevas estrategias de gestión y políticas locales.Palabras clave: gestión intergubernamental de políticas públicas; capacidad estratégica; desarrollo regional; cooperación eficaz; teorías de crecimiento. Abstract:On the basis of the approaches to intergovernmental management of policies and to strategic ability, the main objective of this paper is to examine the role played by local governments in the regional development of the Mexican Northern border. The theoretical contribution of this article entails emphasizing and specifying the role played by management in border development policies based on the managerial and, in general, government ability of human resources. Likewise, intergovernmental management with regard to border affairs, specially at the local level, as well as transborder problems management, is established. The main inquiry in this paper is: do border governments have the abilities to promote regional development in a border and transborder context? The premise set forth here is that a greater and effective cooperation between the three government levels -local, state and federal- with regard to regional development and supported by a strategic ability contributes to a better policy management and implementation. The general topics included in this article are: 1. Growth theory and regional policy background, where the significance of management and the public policies for the main growth theories and regional policy are emphasized; 2. Public management, ability and intergovernmental management, in additon to examining the general background of public management and defining the concept of government ability and its impact on the regional development, and 3. Border problems and new approaches in regional development management. Some limitations in government ability are analyzed, and, in this context, new management strategies and local policies are proposed.Key words: intergovernmental management of policies; strategic ability; regional development; effective cooperation; growth theories.
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Szalai, András, and Ákos Kopper. "Translating Security across Borders: Staging the Migration Crisis in Hungary and Transylvania." Millennium: Journal of International Studies, August 16, 2020, 030582982093707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829820937071.
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This article highlights the synergies between securitisation theory and the empirically rich literature on crossborder kin-state policies by underlining the unique dilemmas the logic of security brings to the fore in the transborder setting. Doing so, the article critically engages securitisation theory by focusing on two of its underdeveloped aspects: first, the concept’s relevance for non-liberal settings where securitisation can serve multiple goals other than justifying emergency measures; and second, how securitisation can unfold in a trans-border context and thereby disrupt the Westphalian notion of the unity of state, society and sovereignty. The way Hungary’s illiberal regime exported the securitisation of migration to its kin-minority in Transylvania provides the empirical backdrop for the article. Transylvania is neither a target nor a transit region; nevertheless, the securitising narrative resonated with ethnic Hungarians. To account for this resonance, the article relies on the concept of translation to show how local audiences in Transylvania reconstructed the exported meaning of security to suit their own identity, partly by linking it to their historical experiences – even turning it into banal everyday performances – and partly by seeing it as an opportunity to enact national unity and to demonstrate their loyalty to the securitising actor in Budapest, across the border.
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Gwiaździńska-Goraj, Marta, Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle, and Małgorzata Dudzińska. "Assessment of the Living Conditions in Polish and German Transborder Regions in the Context of Strengthening Territorial Cohesion in the European Union: Competitiveness or Complementation?" Social Indicators Research, February 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02889-7.
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AbstractThe European Union's regional policy aims to strengthen economic, social, and territorial cohesion and equal space development opportunities. It is an action linking UE that emphasises the problem of cohesion in the interregional context. The essence of territorial cohesion is the necessity to eliminate inequalities between the living conditions of the population. The concept of quality of life is ambiguous, multidimensional and interdisciplinary. This problem is of particular importance concerning border areas, i.e. the periphery of countries, which often adversely affects the population's standard of living. The article aimed to assess the living conditions and the direction of changes in those terms on the Polish-German border, an internal border of the EU (former Eastern Bloc countries). The analysis covered the years 2004–2019. The impact of the EU's regional development and cohesion policies for border areas (INTERREG) in improving the analysed regions' living conditions was also determined. The method of aggregation, standardised sums, was used in the analysis. The research showed that the level of living conditions of these border regions' population was spatially diversified, being more favourable on the German side. The analysed border regions had less favourable material and non-material living conditions than the countries' average value. Significant changes in the living conditions of border regions in the years 2004–2019 were established towards equalising the quality of life, which was influenced by the spatial policy of territorial cohesion.
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Barahona-Cubillo, Juan Bautista, Cinthya Rojas-Brenes, Tony Sánchez-Achío, Sonia Stradi-Granados, and Cristina Barboza-Solís. "Prevalence of Tooth Loss, Bleeding on Probing and Malocclusion as Oral Disease Indicators in Costa Rican Male Adolescents: a Cross Sectional Study." Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences, July 19, 2022, 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.2022.51871.
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The evidence to characterize oral health during adolescence in Costa Rica is limited. This lack of adequate research makes it difficult to develop appropriate health policies for this subgroup of the population. This is particularly important because adolescence is the period during which good health habits must take root in order to foster good physical and cognitive development. This study aims to determine the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion in Costa Rican male adolescents at the “Colegio Técnico Profesional San Agustín” (St. Augustine’s Technical High School) located in the province of Cartago. Data was collected from 428 male adolescents aged 12-22 years in a cross-sectional study during 2019. Prevalence of tooth loss was calculated as the number of individuals having lost at least one tooth. The average number of teeth lost by individuals was also recorded. The bleeding on probing was an indicator used as a proxy parameter for monitoring periodontal health where the presence of bleeding on probing and calculus was also recorded. Malocclusion was measured using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The results showed that the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion was of 19%, 70.0% and 98%, respectively. It was also found that 81% of the participants had all their teeth, 11% had lost 1 tooth, 8% had lost more than one tooth of which 0.5% had lost more than 5 teeth. Considering a general classification of periodontal problems based on bleeding on probing and presence of calculus, the prevalence of periodontal problems increases to 92%. Regarding the DAI, the category identifying a very severe malocclusion was the most prevalent in the sample (88%). It is alarming the high prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing, and malocclusions in a sample of Costa Rican male adolescents, compared to similar studies in other countries. The overarching conclusion of this study is that oral diseases represent an important health problem that urgently need proper public health action.
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La Foresta, Daniela. "Digital Creativity And Knowledge Economy Evidence From Touristic Territories." Euro-Asia Tourism Studies Journal Special Issue in Italian, no. 2021 (November 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.58345/lihf7608.
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Technologies connected to the fourth industrial revolution determined new relational models and innovative forms of participation, transaction and consumption which, albeit in a prototype and limited way, are already part of our digital daily life. The reactivity to external stimuli and the strong transversal nature of the sector, make tourism a witness and a protagonist of these changes: the powerful digital tools for management, logistics, distribution and marketing have, in fact, contributed to the definition of business models more suited to the needs of the contemporary tourist. The value that the sector has for economies, the development potential of the territories connected to the implementation of ICT in tourism, but also the connected risks, require a conscious and mature governance acting on the front of product adaptation as well as on the the rising of territories competitiveness. New entrants in the value chain seized promptly these opportunities by taking advantage of unattended niches and administrative delays. Slower, instead, is the participation of institutional operators; although they are sensitive to this new opportunities, they have more difficulties to quicly adapt tools and policies. The research presented here is aimed at investigating the attitude of the public administration towards the opportunities offered by digital. The analysis reveals a sector that appears, in most cases, still anchored to a traditional vision and where innovation, rather than transforming the deeper concept of the tourist product offered, seems to have been simply limited to a review of production processes.