Academic literature on the topic 'Transalpine area'
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Journal articles on the topic "Transalpine area":
1
Costea, Marioara. "Development of Tourism in the Transalpine Area. Premises and Possibilities." Forum geografic X, no. 2 (November 1, 2011): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5775/fg.2067-4635.2011.023.d.
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Constanza, Cucini. "The Metallurgical District of Via Moneta in Milan-Mediolanum: The Earliest Phases." METALLA 25, no. 1 (December 10, 2020): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/metalla.v25.2019.i1.13-32.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the metallurgical activities in the Celtic metalworkers’ district of Mediolanum. Its development begun in the 4th century BC, reached its larger extension in 2nd-1st century BC and lasted until the end of the 1st century AD. For at least four centuries, there were continuous metallurgical activities in this area. The district was in the center of the oppidum near the area where the Roman forum will be built at a later stage and near the future decumanus maximus. Because of this in the Roman imperial period the metallurgical workshops had to move to suburban areas. The remains of 23 metallurgical workshop are both previous and contemporary to the Romanization. They were built with perishable materials and according to the local building technique. In these workshops, raw iron and copper alloys were transformed into finished objects and accessories for furniture. These workshops can be compared with those discovered in the oppida and in the villages of Transalpine Europe.
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Pruett, Lilian P. "Central Europe in the Sixteenth Century: A Musical Melting Pot." Musicological Annual 40, no. 1-2 (December 17, 2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.40.1-2.97-102.
Abstract:
After briefly reviewing the problems arising from attempts to dentify precise geographical outlines of Central Europe in the course of time, the author opts to use the limitations existing in the sixteenth century, the time frame of the presentation. This means, essentially, the borders of the Habsburg homelands, i.e., the southeastern part of the Holy Roman Empire. The paper argues that the roots of Central European musical practices were established through the foundation of regulated institutional entities such as the imperial chapels of Maximilian I (1496) and other rulers (Albrecht V of Bavaria, 1550), their successors and imitators, as well as the transalpine Renaissance church centers. As these institutions were staffed by musicians coming from virtually every corner of Europe – each practitioner bringing his own territorial contribution with him – the emerging musical consciousness of the Central European region had as cosmopolitan a foundation as that of Europe at large. Still, the proximity of the Central European art music scene to the variety of local ethnic traditions may be interpreted as lending a flavor to the musical expression of the area, endowing it with a character of its own. While in its beginnings the recipient of many influences from multinational contributors, in a later, equally cosmopolitan period (the Classicism of the eighteenth century), Central Europe reciprocates in equal measure, its contributions exerting impact upon European music in general.
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Kajzer, Leszek. "Recent excavation and survey at Zduny, Wrząca and Kliczków Mały: earthworks of the modern period." Antiquity 65, no. 248 (September 1991): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080339.
Abstract:
At a time when the whole of Europe is growing ever more united, the study of cultural phenomena observable all over the continent gains in importance. One such phenomenon is the occurrence of earthworks of both prehistoric and historical date. Initially associated with tribal Europe and with that period of its history when early states began to emerge, these defensive features began to decline with progressing feudalization. Within Latin Europe they were replaced by imperial ‘pfalze’, feudal seats of the motte type, and castles. Built by rulers, ecclesiastical dignitaries and knights all over the area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to Russia, they were the most outstanding feature of the cultural landscape of medieval Europe. With the decline of the Middle Ages, changes began to affect those castles that were built on an extensive scale as well as smaller defensive features such as the keep on a mound. The picture of European defensive architecture also changed under modern cultural influences from transalpine Italy. One trend led towards ‘military architecture’ in the narrow sense of the word. Modern fortifications became the concern of specialists: engineers and practicians of the battlefield in the period termed by Michael Howard the era ‘of wars of mercenaries, merchants and professionals’ (1976). The other trend was to shape modern civilian architecture, in terms of the development unfortified palaces. The division between architectura civilis and architectura militaris became a fact.
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Trefný, Martin, Doris Mischka, Michal Cihla, Axel G. Posluschny, František R. Václavík, Wolfram Ney, and Carsten Mischka. "Sculpting the Glauberg “prince”. A traceological research of the Celtic sculpture and related fragments from the Glauberg (Hesse, Germany)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): e0271353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271353.
Abstract:
Article presents the results of a complex traceological research of the famous statue of the „prince”of Glauberg, found in an Early La Tène funeral complex in Glauberg (Hesse). Research focused also on two other fragments of related sandstone sculptures, found together with the Glauberger prince. The sandstone „prince”of Glauberg was already in the past a subject of many archaeological studies. Nevertheless, all or absolute majority of them were focused on aspects of art historian nature or on the question of the origin, role and function of such sculptures in the Early Iron Age Central Europe. On the contrary, the aim of our research is oriented exclusively on the questions related to the manufacture of this sculpture, identification of used sculptor´s tools and applied working techniques. Our research was realised by means of digital documentation followed by the aplication of traceological methods. The character of the survived working traces on the sculpture´s surfaces was studied by mechanoscopy, while the material of used tools was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The reconstructions of used tools were compared with the existing tools as represented by the Iron Age archaeological finds. This comparison was oriented on the most relevant regions of developed La Tène culture, particularly on South Western Germany and Bohemia. However, also other relevant area, significant as the possible source of inspiration of Celtic sculptors for the creation of the monumental sculpture–Apennine peninsula, was taken into consideration. Our research revealed individual steps and phases during the sculpture´s manufacture, enabled the reconstrucion of used tools and confirmed real existence of such tools in mentioned regions. Finally it has brought first indices of the necessity of the distinguishing between ideological and technological aspects of related Celtic sculpture, when considering possible influence of Apennine peninsula on transalpine Central Europe.
6
Heyn, Maura K. "Monumental Development in Glanum: Evidence for the Early Impact of Rome in Gallia Narbonensis." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 19, no. 2 (April 15, 2007): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmea.2006.v19i2.177.
Abstract:
This article challenges the prevailing opinion that the inhabitants of Gallia Transalpina were largely unaffected by Roman hegemony in the late second and early first centuries BC. The monumental development of the site of Glanum in the late second century BC shows clearly that the local elite were reacting to, and interacting with, their Roman conquerors. This relationship is not immediately obvious because the style of the architecture dating to the second century bc is described as Hellenistic rather than Roman. However, I argue that this incongruity should not affect the perception of change in the area. Given the current emphasis in the scholarly literature on the participation of local elites in the process of culture change, what matters is not whether the monuments are 'Hellenistic' or 'Roman', but rather the motivation and timing of their production.
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Decesari, S., J. Allan, C. Plass-Duelmer, B. J. Williams, M. Paglione, M. C. Facchini, C. O'Dowd, et al. "Measurements of the aerosol chemical composition and mixing state in the Po Valley using multiple spectroscopic techniques." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2014): 12109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12109-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. The use of co-located multiple spectroscopic techniques can provide detailed information on the atmospheric processes regulating aerosol chemical composition and mixing state. So far, field campaigns heavily equipped with aerosol mass spectrometers have been carried out mainly in large conurbations and in areas directly affected by their outflow, whereas lesser efforts have been dedicated to continental areas characterised by a less dense urbanisation. We present here the results obtained at a background site in the Po Valley, Italy, in summer 2009. For the first time in Europe, six state-of-the-art spectrometric techniques were used in parallel: aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), two aerosol mass spectrometers (high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer – HR-ToF-AMS and soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer – SP-AMS), thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography (TAG), chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (CIMS) and (offline) proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that, under high-pressure conditions, atmospheric stratification at night and early morning hours led to the accumulation of aerosols produced by anthropogenic sources distributed over the Po Valley plain. Such aerosols include primary components such as black carbon (BC), secondary semivolatile compounds such as ammonium nitrate and amines and a class of monocarboxylic acids which correspond to the AMS cooking organic aerosol (COA) already identified in urban areas. In daytime, the entrainment of aged air masses in the mixing layer is responsible for the accumulation of low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) and also for the recycling of non-volatile primary species such as black carbon. According to organic aerosol source apportionment, anthropogenic aerosols accumulating in the lower layers overnight accounted for 38% of organic aerosol mass on average, another 21% was accounted for by aerosols recirculated in residual layers but still originating in northern Italy, while a substantial fraction (41%) was due to the most aged aerosols imported from transalpine areas. The different meteorological regimes also affected the BC mixing state: in periods of enhanced stagnation and recirculation of pollutants, the number fraction of the BC-containing particles determined by ATOFMS was 75% of the total, while in the days of enhanced ventilation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), such fraction was significantly lower (50%) because of the relative greater influence of non-BC-containing aerosol local sources in the Po Valley. Overall, a full internal mixing between BC and the non-refractory aerosol chemical components was not observed during the experiment in this environment.
8
Pare, Christopher. "Fürstensitze, Celts and the Mediterranean World: Developments in the West Hallstatt Culture in the 6th and 5th Centuries BC." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57, no. 2 (1991): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004552.
Abstract:
The traditional definition of a Fürstensitz, outlined in 1969 by W. Kimmig, is in need of modification. Greater precision is needed in the interpretation of imported and imitated Mediterranean pottery and élite burials. From our discussion, it becomes clear that both rich settlements and burials underwent crucial changes within the late Hallstatt period: the élite burial rite was becoming increasingly exclusive, and imported or imitated Mediterranean pottery generally appeared on hillforts only after the end of Hallstatt D1. Clearly, a model for the West Hallstatt culture should take account of its dynamic nature. Some important trends are described: (1) the spread of élite burial practices, (2) the foundation of the Fürstensitze, and (3) the ‘concentration of power’ in the late Hallstatt culture north-west of the Alps.The emergence of an élite during the Hallstatt period had an internal logic which did not necessarily require a Mediterranean instigator. The foundation of Massalia in 600 BC has traditionally been seen as providing the impulse for the emergence of the ‘princely’ culture of Hallstatt D. But neither the internal developments of the Hallstatt culture, nor the degree of contact with the Greek colonies in Hallstatt D1, can support this view.Previous emphasis on influence from the Greek colonies in the South of France has obscured the effects of contacts and trade with Italy, although it is certain that the increasing acquaintance with the civilized neighbours across the Alps led to events of historic importance: the Celtic invasion of Italy and the start of the Celtic diaspora. This process of acquaintance must be assigned to the late Hallstatt period (Hallstatt D2/3), when Italic imports became frequent north of the Alps. In fact, the transalpine areas which in the late Hallstatt period had especially close trading relations with Italy (particularly east central France) seem to have been the origin of most of the important contingents of Celtic invaders. The imported or imitated Italic objects in Hallstatt D2/3 and La Tène A reflect the changed political situation before and after the Celtic invasion. Whereas in both phases the Celts imported luxurious feasting equipment, only in the Early La Tène period is Italic influence apparent in Celtic weaponry.
9
Decesari, S., J. Allan, C. Plass-Duelmer, B. J. Williams, M. Paglione, M. C. Facchini, C. O'Dowd, et al. "Measurements of the aerosol chemical composition and mixing state in the Po Valley using multiple spectroscopic techniques." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2014): 9275–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-9275-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. The use of co-located multiple spectroscopic techniques can provide detailed information on the atmospheric processes regulating aerosol chemical composition and mixing state. So far, field campaigns heavily equipped with aerosol mass spectrometers have been carried out mainly in large conurbations and in areas directly affected by their outflow, whereas lesser efforts have been dedicated to continental areas characterized by a less dense urbanization. We present here the results obtained in San Pietro Capofiume, which is located in a sparsely inhabited sector of the Po Valley, Italy. The experiment was carried out in summer 2009 in the framework of the EUCAARI project ("European Integrated Project on Aerosol, Cloud Climate Aerosol Interaction"). For the first time in Europe, six state-of-the-art techniques were used in parallel: (1) on-line TSI aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), (2) on-line Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS), (3) soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS), (4) on-line high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer-thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (HR-ToFMS-TAG), (5) off-line twelve-hour resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy, and (6) chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) for the analysis of gas-phase precursors of secondary aerosol. Data from each aerosol spectroscopic method were analysed individually following ad-hoc tools (i.e. PMF for AMS, Art-2a for ATOFMS). The results obtained from each techniques are herein presented and compared. This allows us to clearly link the modifications in aerosol chemical composition to transitions in air mass origin and meteorological regimes. Under stagnant conditions, atmospheric stratification at night and early morning hours led to the accumulation of aerosols produced by anthropogenic sources distributed over the Po Valley plain. Such aerosols include primary components such as black carbon (BC), only partly internally mixed with secondary semivolatile compounds such as ammonium nitrate and amines. Other organic components originating from anthropogenic sources at night include monocarboxylic acids which correspond to an AMS factor analogous to the "cooking" organic aerosol (COA) already identified in urban areas. In daytime, enhanced mixing in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) along with increasing temperature determined dramatic changes in aerosol composition caused by the evaporation of semivolatile components and by the entrainment of aged aerosols transported downwards from residual layers. In other words, the entrainment of aged air masses is responsible for the accumulation of low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOAs) and also for the recycling of primary species such as black carbon. The LV-OOA concentrations were shown to correlate to the simple meteorological tracers of humid PBL air produced by daytime convection over land areas. In particular, both PMF-AMS and PMF-NMR could resolve two components of LV-OOA: one from long-range transport from Central Europe, the second from recirculated PBL air from the Po Valley. According to organic aerosol source apportionment by PMF-AMS, anthropogenic aerosols accumulating in the lower layers overnight accounted for 38% of organic aerosol mass on average, another 21% was accounted for by aerosols recirculated in residual layers but still originating in North Italy, while a substantial fraction (41%) was due to the most aged aerosols imported from transalpine areas. Overall, the deployment of six state-of-the-art spectrometric techniques provided a comprehensive picture of the nature and source contributions of aerosols and aerosol precursors at a European rural site with unprecedented level of details.
10
"Distribution of the Genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 with niche modelling for Zygaena Angelicae and Zygaena Transalpina from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)." Geografski pregled 46 (2022): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35666/23038950.2022.46.77.
Abstract:
The paper presents new data on the distribution of 12 species of Zygaena in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some of the examined specimens collected in 2001 identified as Zygaenaminos, Z. transalpina, Z. brizae were previously cited in the literature on a limited number of localities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. New data for the Zygaena species were recorded at localities in central Bosnia and the Čvrsnica mountain area. Distribution analysis and niche modeling for the species Zygaenaangelicae and Z. transalpina determined that Zygaena transalpine has a narrower distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina compared to Zygaenaangelicae. It can be determined that the variables Annual Mean Temperature and Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter in both cases have a high influence on the formation of the model of the potential distribution of species. Habitat suitability mostly depended on the minimum temperature of the coldest month and seasonal precipitation for Zygaenaangelicae and Z. transalpina.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transalpine area":
1
Solazzo, Rita. "Ceintures et crochets du territoire circum-alpin de l'Italie du Nord entre le VIIIe et le IIe siècle av. J.-C. : typologie et productions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H055.
Abstract:
L'objectif de la thèse était l'étude typologique et technologique de ceintures provenant du nord de l'Italie à l'âge du fer. Cette étude a consisté à étudier les communautés qui circulaient et vivaient dans la zone transalpineThe aim of the thesis was the typological and technological study of belts from northern Italy in the Iron Age. This study involved a study of the communities that circulated and lived in the transalpine area
Books on the topic "Transalpine area":
1
Buora, Maurizio. Ceramica dal bassomedioevo al Rinascimento in Italia nordorientale e nelle aree transalpine: Atti della giornata di studio, Udine, 16 marzo 1996. [Udine, Italy]: Società friulana di archeologia, 1999.
2
Maurizio, Buora, ed. Ceramica dal bassomedioevo al Rinascimento in Italia nordorientale e nelle aree transalpine: Atti della giornata di studio, Udine, 16 marzo 1996. [Udine, Italy]: Società friulana di archeologia, 1999.
3
Ceramica dal bassomedioevo al Rinascimento in Italia nordorientale e nelle aree transalpine: Atti della Giornata di studio : Udine, 16 marzo 1996. [Udine]: Società friulana di archeologia, 1999.
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Ceramica dal bassomedioevo al Rinascimento in Italia nordorientale e nelle aree transalpine: Atti della Giornata di studio : Udine, 16 marzo 1996. [Udine]: Società friulana di archeologia, 1999.
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Brundin, Abigail, Deborah Howard, and Mary Laven. Regional Perspectives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816553.003.0002.
Abstract:
Chapter 1 introduces the three locations which are focal points of this book’s research: the Veneto, the Marche, and Naples. Each was shaped by geography as well as history and exhibited a distinct cultural orientation: whereas the republic of Venice had strong links to Northern Europe through the transalpine trade routes, the region of the Marche was defined by its position within the Papal States and its relationship with the Adriatic, while Naples was for most of the period dominated by Spain. The three regions were independent in cult as well as culture. Each had its own shrines, miraculous images, centres of local pilgrimage, and favourite saints. All three showed a strong interest in religious reform long before the Reformation, and each reacted differently to the turmoil of the Counter Reformation.
Book chapters on the topic "Transalpine area":
1
Ellis, Peter Berresford. "Introduction." In Dictionary Of Celtic Mythology, 1–15. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089615.003.0001.
Abstract:
Abstract The Celtic languages contain one of Europe’s oldest and most vibrant mythologies. By virtue of the fact that they were written down only early in the Christian period, the Celtic languages and therefore Celtic mythology are predated by Greek and Latin. But the mythology is a development from a far earlier oral tradition. Contained in many of the stories are voices from the dawn of European civilisation, for the Celts were one of the great founding peoples of Europe. It is generally thought they commenced their spread across Europe from their original homeland around the headwaters of the Rhine, Rhone, and Danube rivers, which still bear their original Celtic names, at the start of the first millennium B.c. By the third century B.c. the Celts were settled from the central plain of Turkey in the east through the Balkans, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Switzerland, and north ern Italy to France, Belgium, Spain, and Britain and Ireland. They were the first Transalpine European civilisation to emerge into re corded history.