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Lash, Holly L. "Evaluating Young Adult Literature through Transactional Theory." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1449497760.
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Seng, Phillip S. "Reconstructing film studies : towards a transactional theory of movies /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559848631&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Stevens, Matthew J. "Mood as a transactional process : theory, measurement and intervention issues." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410163.
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Thoma, Theodosia. "Coping with dyslexia : a transactional perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4424.
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This thesis explores the phenomenon of coping with dyslexia based on the perspectives of six Greek dyslexic adults, as expressed by themselves. The research is concerned with exploration of the phenomenon by standing out from linear reductionist approaches - whether pathologising person-focused or exclusively environment-focused - as well as interactionist approaches that are simplistically additive. Instead, the study explores the phenomenon of coping with dyslexia from a transactional perspective which assumes that the factors of coping are strongly interrelated, mutually affected and altered by the transaction, suggesting a more complex and holistic understanding of the phenomenon. More specifically, the study considers the adequacy of Schlossberg’s transitional 4 S System in explaining the experiences of individuals who cope with dyslexia. To pursue the purposes of the study, a multiple case studies design was employed and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Findings suggest that for the participants, coping with dyslexia is not restricted simply to dealing with a set of difficulties, because the dyslexia ‘situation’ is a complex entity with a variety of aspects which relate directly or indirectly to literacy efficiency. Participants reported employing a complex and constantly evolving (across contexts and over time) system of different coping strategies. In fact, findings suggest that coping with dyslexia is not a stable entity but a transactional process which is characterised by fluidity, non-linear evolution and involvement of multiple factors. The 4 S System managed as an analytic tool to adequately identify and explain the complex transactionist relationships between the involved factors and the system of coping as a whole. Finally, in terms of effectiveness, findings suggested that there are no magic recipes. The usefulness of a coping or support activity seems to be an individualistic issue determined by contemporariness and so, a flexible approach towards coping with dyslexia is suggested.
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Echelbarger, Mary Ellen Eakin. "Negotiated meaning of health : a transactional perspective based in construct theory /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487261919110037.
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Grogan, Kathryn E. "Parents' Choice of Pre-Kindergarten: A Transactional Ecological Approach." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/83.
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Empirical research on parents’ decision making process and parents’ actual criteria when considering preschool is critical when considering its relationship to early educational experiences and subsequent outcomes for children. Research has consistently demonstrated that the type and quality of preschool program children attend has implications for future academic success. A review of past research suggests parents often have difficulty assessing quality and include a wide range of considerations that include both practical and educational features of care. The current study utilized a transactional ecological framework to examine parent considerations and related family, child and cultural factors. A series of focus groups and interviews were conducted with parents to identify parent considerations and inform creation of a survey measure designed to assess these considerations. Surveys were then completed by 203 parents from varying socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds who had a child that qualified for state-funded preschool the following year. Parents were recruited from 20 centers including Head Start programs, private-for profit programs, religiously affiliated programs and one YMCA center. Exploratory factor analysis identified two highly correlated categories of considerations: 1) characteristics that designate several types of quality indicators and 2) characteristics that designate a program’s practical features. A series of hierarchical regressions indicated a combination of cultural, family and child factors are important when assessing parents’ considerations for pre-kindergarten. In particular, socioeconomic status, parents’ beliefs about childrearing and involvement and children’s prosocial skills and family structure were uniquely related to parental endorsement of quality and practical considerations. These findings have important implications for policymakers and practitioners.
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Zaharieva, Elissaveta. "Supply chain management and international marketing problems in transitional economies : evidence from the Bulgarian wine industry." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273515.
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Dillard, Dana Marie. "The Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping: Predicting Posttraumatic Distress in Telecommunicators." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6719.
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Telecommunicators (e.g., dispatchers and 911 operators) experience firsthand the death and suffering of friends, family, peers, and strangers in a chaotic work environment characterized by chronic stress and lack of support. Previous research has demonstrated telecommunicators are at increased risk for negative health outcomes; however, existing research does not identify predictive pathways to posttrauma symptoms in telecommunicators. In an application of the transactional theory of stress and coping, I used structural equation modeling to examine occupational antecedents, work-family conflict, negative appraising, and coping as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in telecommunicators. A convenience sample of 103 telecommunicators, recruited through agencies across the United States, completed a series of PTSD, stress, and coping surveys. Results supported three theorems from the transactional theory of stress and coping: (a) Chronic antecedents are correlated with work-family conflict (r = .54, p < .01), (b) work-family conflict predicted negative appraising ( β = .64, p < .01), and (c) coping predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms in telecommunicators ( β = .30, p = .01). These findings contribute to the current body of occupational health literature by expanding understanding of telecommunicators' occupational experiences and appraisals and provide insights into modifiable processes and policies that can enhance and protect telecommunicator long term health. Specifically, employee-focused policies directed at preserving work-home balance and reducing chronic stressors in the workplace are recommended. Additionally, further research can be initiated to evaluate effectiveness of policy changes in telecommunicator appraising, health, and wellbeing.
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Lee, Jillian April. "Gender differences in psychopathology examined under an expanded transactional theory of stress framework." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2590.
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Boquist, Nathalie. "The Transactional Net Margin Method : A transfer pricing method in theory and practice." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping University, Jönköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11027.
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Zhang, Aixiu (Monica). "Transactional Distance in Web-based College Learning Environments: Toward Measurement and Theory Construction." VCU Scholars Compass, 2003. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/94.
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Michael Moore's theory of transactional distance, developed in the age of correspondence schools, contributed greatly to theory building in distance education. The theory needs revision, however, when applied to web-based learning environments, specifically by defining transactional distance to include students' relationships with other elements in the learning environment that prohibit their active engagement with learning. The new theoretical model of transactional distance has four dimensions: transactional distance between student and student (TDSS), transactional distance between student and teacher (TDST), transactional distance between student and content (TDSC), and transactional distance between student and interface: online course management system (TDSI). A preliminary item pool of more than 200 items to measure the constructs of TD, TDST, TDSS, TDSC, and TDSI was generated and sent to a panel of experts for review. Items that the reviewers considered weak or very weak in terms of relevance to the constructs and/or clarity and conciseness were eliminated. After a pilot test and further revisions, the proposed scale of transactional distance was administered to a sample of 100 college students. Confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory analyses indicated that the measurement models, especially after modifications, possessed good fit for the data, and the modified scales possessed factorial validity. Reliability analyses indicated that the scales possessed strong internal consistency, with Cronbach alpha coefficients ranging from 0.8169 to 0.9530. Structural equation modeling procedures tested for the causal relationship between the four dimensions and students' general sense of transactional distance in web-based courses. Results indicate that the proposed model of transactional distance is acceptable. The strongest factor that affected students' sense of transactional distance and engagement with learning was found to be transactional distance between student and students (TDSS), followed by transactional distance between student and teacher (TDST), and then by transactional distance between student and content (TDSC). The findings have implications for the development of a revised theory of transactional distance in online education, and provide strong support for constructivist learning theories and social learning theories, reinforcing the importance of establishing learning communities in online learning environments.
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Duc, Tran Huy. "Designing distance learning for the 21st century : Constructivism, Moore’s transactional theory and Web 2.0." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5707.
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Distance learning has been playing an ever more influential role. Yet there remains little rigorous academic research into distance learning pedagogy, lacking of serious study in management, delivery and organization of distance learning has destabilized the field. Recently, the boom of Web 2.0 has made websites a lot more intuitive, interactive and interesting; Web 2.0 is also widely used in distance education. Study of distance education as a result sometimes has been misdirected, instead of understanding and solving the real issues facing distance education, research in the field devoted entirely to technology usage discarding the very issue of effective education in distance context. In other words, instead of pursuing technology-relevant policies we focus on technology-driven policies. This thesis starts by reviewing learning theories and arguing for the case of why one is more suitable for distance learning than others. The author argues that constructivism, which favors a dynamic learning process, encourages people to interact, share ideas and bounce ideas is the more effective learning theory. But deploying constructivist pedagogy into real life is difficult. We need more concrete ideas as to how to organize distance learning, a framework to benchmark distance education, to evaluate distance education. That is where Moore’s transactional theory which actually derives from constructivist pedagogy comes into the picture. Moore pointed out 3 key areas of distance education: dialogue, structure and learner autonomy. Moore argues that by having enough constructive dialogue, flexible structure catering individualism and a high level of learner autonomy to execute learning; we can reduce “distance” in distance education. Moore is equally concerned about pedagogy as he is about technologies and he has incorporated into his theory how technological changes have influenced the way distance education has been delivered for the better. This is the brilliance of Moore’s, he has not sided with either pedagogy or technology, he observed the rise of technology and the influence it has on distance education but refused to see technology as the sole factor that makes distance learning more effective or reduces “distance” in distance education. The linkage between constructivism and Moore’s theory is of significance although it is only barely acknowledged in Moore’ writing. The magnitude of this connection is that first it highlights that the work that Moore has done has been based on strong theoretical pedagogy, his contribution is that he has simplified a grand ideology into something that can be applied in the class room. Also he has succeeded in refining elements of constructivism into working variables for quantitative research. His theory is still highly relevant today but his analysis of technologies’ roles has not yet included the latest explosion of technologies in the post-1993 age: the Internet, the booming Web and especially the new Web 2.0. The aim of this thesis is to extend his analysis to these new technologies. We studied how the explosion of Web 2.0 services have been facilitating rich dialogue among peers, teachers and learning materials, allowing more individualization to educational settings and structures. Also Web 2.0 lowers the barrier to participation and content generation and thus would be expected to encourage learner autonomy. A large part of the thesis has been dedicated to literature review. This is because the author believes that in order to improve distance education, it is necessary to first understand learning theory to know when and how people learn, and explore the nature of distance education to see the differences between distance and non-distance education, and then have a comprehensive plan to implement distance education, and evaluate that plan. The implementation bit is of course a practical project; the author used a real-life course at Umeå University where students from various backgrounds signed-up to learn about how Web 2.0 can be leveraged to enhance distance education. A constructivist approach was adopted so we had a chance to see how it actually turned out. We used Moore’s transactional distance theory to evaluate the impact of introducing Web 2.0.In my thesis, I have discussed the role of distance-learning and have discussed how constructivism makes better education, Moore’s analysis that distance education is naturally education and thus what makes education makes good distance education. Better education according to Moore is when you can reduce “transactional distance” by influencing its makeup dialogue, structure and learner autonomy. I also looked at examples of where Web 2.0 has been successfully applied to reduce “transactional distance” grounded in Moore’s theory. I looked at the humble historical context of distance-learning and the spectacular achievements that distance-education teachers and students despite all those forces against change. I discussed the development of distance-education to become what it is today. I believe technologies are part of the solution but also we need strong pedagogy and a rigorous framework to guide it. The discussion of constructivism vs. objectivism showed the contrasting differences as well as certain overlapping elements of both ideologies. I believe constructivism was the pedagogy of the 21st century which involves a great deal of personal reflection, interaction among course peers and teachers as well as a shift in how education must be organized. Moore’s theory of transactional distance is grounded in constructivist pedagogy but has his fair share of genius thought. First, he convinced us that distance education is also education because the distance in distance education or what Moore called “transactional distance” also exists in face-to-face classroom education, to make better distance learning means to reduce “transactional distance”. Second, his ability to benchmark an operational framework to organize distance education and measure transactional distance as a result or influencing the three variables dialogue, structure and learner autonomy. His work has been proved by Saba (1994) with dynamic systems modeling as well as questioned by few critics of his poor theory construction as well as unconvincing empirical data gathered from a few studies. However, Moore’s theory of transactional distance is still the prominent theory and Moore himself a leading figure in the field. Transactional theory is realized by a new wave of highly interactive web technologies built on the architecture of openness and participatory. This plays well into constructivism of build a virtual learning community for collaborative learning. We looked at a prime example of employing Web 2.0 technologies for better distance education by Kane and Fichman (2009). The benefits of instruction activities that otherwise would not be possible without Web 2.0 have been analyzed and evaluated using Moore’s variables to yield a positive result. I also demonstrated a personal experience being part of a distance learning course at Umea University in Spring semester 2010 where we all learned about distance learning in the modern age and apply constructivism pedagogy and Moore’s transaction theory distance in evaluating the course. Understanding the theory makes me a better student because I know what makes effective learning and also further confirm my belief in the mandate of distance education, a distance education for all because you can’t learn individually. Kane and Fichman (2009) have surprised me to the extent of their creative ideas of applying Web 2.0 in education such as the idea of crowdsourcing and peer review by wikis. Able to use technologies especially in a live environment such as the course at Umea University gave me a real sense of gaps between theory and practice.
Author: Tran Huy Duc Mobile: 00-84-1283 27 47 09 Address: CC23 Truong Son St, Ward 15, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam E-mail: ductranhuy@yahoo.com
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Berglund, Angela, and Tina Holtz. "Ledarskap för ökad effektivitet i byggproduktion." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40447.
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Purpose: The population of Sweden is steadily increasing, which raises the need for new infrastructure and new buildings. To meet these demands the construction industry must become more efficient. According to several researchers, better leadership can be a part of accomplishing this. Discussions regarding leadership are mostly from the leaders’ perspective and usually the decisions about what kind of leadership is needed is made by the leaders themselves. Not very often do the followers get a chance to share their thoughts on what they need to become more efficient. Earlier research shows a correlation between motivation and efficiency. Therefore, this study attempt to find out what motivates construction workers. This study intended to examine what type of leadership construction workers think they need to become more efficient. The study’s aim was to contribute knowledge about how leadership can increase the efficiency on the construction site. Method: Two methods for data collection were used. A literary review based on effective leadership and interviews with construction workers about their thoughts on what type of leadership would increase their motivation and efficiency. Findings: This study has, by answering the research questions, contributed knowledge about how leadership can increase the efficiency on the construction site. The construction workers are of the opinion that their leaders have a big impact on their efficiency. The leaders’ knowledge and experience of the production phase as well as their ability to communicate and plan ahead were all seen as factor that affect their efficiency. The literary review for this study found 23 effective leadership traits. According to the construction workers the leadership skills that contribute the most to their motivation and efficiency are humility, relationship-management, and self-awareness. Connecting the construction workers responses to the efficient leadership theories showed that the most relevant theories for increasing the workers motivation and efficiency are Transformational and Servant Theory. The theory of Servant is the most relevant since it focuses on the followers. Implications: To increase the efficiency one must focus on the people in the industry. By changing the leadership based on the construction workers' opinions their efficiency can be increased. Therefore, it is recommended that leaders on the construction site work with the leadership theories Transformational and Servant and that they develop the effective leadership traits, especially the traits the construction workers find most important. Limitations: This study was limited to the leadership from the site supervisor to the construction workers. The focus was on what type of leadership the construction workers wanted to become more motivated and efficient. Furthermore, the study was limited to four leadership theories and effective leadership traits. Keywords: Efficiency, motivation, effective leadership traits, Contingency Theory, Transformational Theory, Transactional Theory, and Servant Theory.Syfte: Sveriges befolkning växer stadigt vilket medför en ökad efterfrågan på nya bostäder och ny infrastruktur. För att tillgodose denna ökade efterfrågan behöver byggbranschen bli effektivare. Enligt flera forskare kan effektiviteten delvis ökas genom bättre ledarskap. Diskussioner om ledarskap utgår nästan enbart från ledarnas perspektiv och det är vanligt att ledarna bestämmer vilken typ av ledare som behövs. Det är sällan följarna får chansen att framföra åsikter sina om vad de behöver för att bli mer effektiva. Tidigare forskning har också visat att det finns ett samband mellan motivation och effektivitet. Därför undersöktes även vad som motiverar yrkesarbetarna. Denna undersökning avsåg att ta reda på vad yrkesarbetarna anser sig behöva för ledarskap för att bli mer motiverade och effektivare. Målet med undersökningen var att bidra med kunskap kring hur ledarskap kan öka effektiviteten i byggproduktionen. Metod: I undersökningen användes två metoder för datainsamling. En litteraturstudie med utgångspunkt i effektivt ledarskap samt intervjuer med yrkesarbetare om deras syn på vilket ledarskap som skulle öka deras motivation och effektivitet. Resultat: Genom att svara på frågeställningarna har undersökningen bidragit med kunskap kring hur ledarskap kan öka effektiviteten i byggproduktionen. Yrkesarbetarna anser att produktionsledaren har stor inverkan på deras effektiviteten. Det som påverkar är produktionsledarens kunskap och erfarenhet om produktionen samt deras förmåga att kommunicera och planera arbetet. Under litteraturstudien påträffades 23 effektiva ledaregenskaper. Enligt yrkesarbetarna är det egenskaperna ödmjukhet, relationshantering och självkännedom som bidrar mest till att öka deras motivation och effektivitet. Genom att koppla yrkesarbetarnas svar till de effektiva ledarskapsteorierna har det visat sig att Transformational och Servant Theory är de mest relevanta teorierna för att öka yrkesarbetarnas motivation och effektivitet. Eftersom Servant Theory fokuserar på följarna anses den mest relevant. Konsekvenser: För ökad effektivitet ska fokus läggas på de människor som branschen består av. Genom att anpassa ledarskapet efter yrkesarbetarnas åsikter kan deras effektivitet öka. Med anledning av detta rekommenderas det att ledare i byggproduktion arbetar med ledarskapsteorierna Transformational och Servant, samt att ledaren utvecklar de effektiva ledaregenskaperna, framförallt de egenskaperna som yrkesarbetarna efterfrågade. Begränsningar: Undersökningen behandlade endast ledarskapet mellan produktionsledaren och yrkesarbetarna. Fokus låg på vilket ledarskap yrkesarbetarna ville ha för att bli motiverade och effektiva. Vidare begränsningar var att enbart undersöka fyra ledarskapsteorier samt de effektiva ledaregenskaperna. Nyckelord: Effektivitet, motivation, effektiva ledaregenskaper, Contingency Theory, Transformational Theory, Transactional Theory, och Servant Theory.
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Brady, Mairead. "The assimilation of information technology in marketing practice : a stages theory - transactional to relational marketing approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24934.
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Two major contemporary marketing issues are the focus of this research, namely the assimilation of IT and relationship marketing into marketing practice. The particular focus of this study is on the inclusion of an IT dimension to marketing practice. Following the literature review two frameworks were chosen for this study. The suggested continuum of transactional to relational marketing approaches (Coviello et al., 1997; Coviello et al., 2001 a) and the Stages Theory (Nolan, 1973, Nolan, 1979, Nolan, 1993). Against this background the research objective for this study was to research the how and why issues related to the concept that IT assimilation in marketing practice occurs in stages and there is an IT dimension to the transactional to relational continuum. A multiple cross sectional case based research was designed. Fourteen cases were selected, seven with automational and seven with informational assimilation of IT in marketing. Data collection techniques were predominantly in-depth interviews and observations of IT systems in operation. The data was analysed with the aid of the Nudist software package. The findings revealed that there is an IT dimension to relationship marketing practices and that IT assimilation does occur in stages. More particularly it was evident that there were major challenges to IT assimilation in marketing related to the stages of IT assimilation in companies. The main contribution of this theory building research is the development of an IT relational exchange and managerial dimensions along the transactional to relational perspectives of marketing approaches (Coviello et al., 1997). A further contribution was the inclusion of the stages theory of automational, informational and transformational IT assimilation. This highlights the continuous nature of IT assimilation in marketing and the practical steps that marketers can take to progress and exploit IT in marketing.
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Krieger, Carl Thomas. "Using Moore's Transactional Distance Theory to Examine Selected Online Co-Curricular Educational Opportunities in Student Affairs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80474.
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The ubiquitous nature of digital and social media has had a tremendous impact on higher education. In essence, these new pedagogical media has required faculty members to learn new methodologies to deliver their course content—often through distance education approaches. Transactional Distance Theory, designed by distance research scholar Michael Moore, is the preferred framework for instructional design for distance education. Even though there are examples of student affairs educators teaching students online, there are limited references to distance learning theory as a foundation for the work they are doing.
This study was designed to explore the ways in which two online orientation co-curricular educational opportunities (CCeOs) created for student affairs departments adhere to the tenets of Moore's Transactional Distance Theory. In addition, a secondary purpose was to identify tangible examples that could inform an operationalize definition of Moore's Transactional Distance Theory for application in student affairs online CCeO development and, ultimately, enhance learning efficacy for these online educational programs, which is the purpose of an instructional design theory.
The theoretical framework for this study was Moore's Transactional Distance theory. Document analysis was used to assess and interpret materials from two online orientation programs. The findings of this investigation reveal the existence of two online CCeOs created by, or for, student affairs educators that adhere in significant, although limited, ways to a pedagogical theory traditionally used in online course design.Ph. D.
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Lawrence, Jill. "University journeys: alternative entry students and their construction of a means of succeeding in an unfamiliar university culture." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Arts, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001456/.
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This research study takes a multi-disciplinary perspective, using critical discourse theory, transactional communication theory and cross-cultural theory to contribute insight into the experiences of alternative entry students as they strive to access and participate in higher education. The study seeks to determine how these students learn to persevere: how they construct their means of succeeding in the university culture. The methodological structure of the research comprises a collective case study design, encompassing critical ethnography, action research and reflexive approaches to guide a deeper understanding of the experiences of studying at a regional Australian university. The reflexive nature of the research facilitated the development of an original theoretical construct, the ‘deficit-discourse’ shift, which challenges higher education policy and practice, in particular, in relation to academics’ roles in making their discourses explicit and in collaborating with students to facilitate students’ perseverance and success. The research has also generated two models: the Framework for Student Engagement and Mastery and the Model for Student Success at University. The Framework re-conceptualises the university as a dynamic culture made up of a multiplicity of sub-cultures, each with its own literacy or discourse. The Framework recasts the first year experience as a journey, with students’ transition re-conceptualised as the processes of gaining familiarity with and negotiating these new literacies and discourses whereas perseverance is viewed as the processes of mastering and demonstrating them. The Model provides a three step practical strategy (incorporating reflective practice, socio-cultural practice and critical practice) for achieving this engagement: for empowering students to negotiate, master and demonstrate their mastery of the university culture’s multiple discourses. Together, the two models provide students with a means of succeeding in the new university culture.
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Hernandez, Alexander Anthony. "Voices of witness, messages of hope : moral development theory and transactional response in a literature-based Holocaust studies curriculum /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1087317918.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 246 p. : ill. (some col.). Advisor: Janet Hickman, College of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-246).
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Clarke, Penny L., and n/a. "The poetry of response : adolescent experiences of two class novels." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060628.155204.
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This study, conducted in a junior high school in Canberra, used
naturalistic research methodology and idiographic data analysis. As the
results obtained in the study were time and context specific, the object
was to reveal the personal factors which affected the nature of the
reading experience for individual research participants. The theoretical
basis of the research was derived from Louise Rosenblatt's transactional
theory and focused on the reading experiences of adolescents with whole
class novels.
Three research techniques were employed in the exploration of aesthetic
reader responses to two whole class novels. The techniques: reading
journals, small group discussions and creative written responses to the
text were implemented sequentially and revealed different levels and
stages of individual and group responses from the 'primary spontaneous'
to a considered reflective response. Data was explored through the case
study mode of analysis which included information relevant to the
individual research participants and the study context.
The research explored the integration of the individual's evocation of the
text with the individual's awareness of self, text, literature and the wider
social context. The research data concluded that the employment of
classroom practices which focus on a full, individual transaction with a
text promotes the development of critical awareness of and familiarity
with the text. This sound understanding of the individual's evocation of
the text forms a self-aware and firm basis for the development of active,
engaged and critical readers of texts.
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Ebrahim, Ahraas Begum. "Relationship between generation theory, leadership style and job resources in a cleaning services organization in South Africa." University of the Western cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5564.
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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS)Purpose - The landscape of the world of work as we know has changed dramatically in the last decade. We have complex organizations compounded by multiple generations co-existing in the workplace. This phenomenon brings about different dynamics in organizations, progressive leaders if understood and managed correctly, could potentially capitalize on. The purpose of this paper is to understand the different generations and whether these generations require different leadership styles. The paper furthermore attempts to investigate whether different generations prefer different job resources. Design/Methodology/Approach – This research study uses a quantitative approach to determine whether there are indeed significant differences between the different generations and the leadership style they prefer as well as the job resources they prefer. Findings - Although no statistically significant differences were found between the different generations and their preferences for the specific leadership styles, the descriptive statistics regarding preference for leadership style across the generations, indicated that individuals from all generations indicated a preference for transformational leadership. Regarding preference for job resource dimensions, the results yielded a statistically significant difference in the preference for Advancement in Generation Y. Originality and Value – This research paper sheds further light on the understanding of different generations namely Baby boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. The paper maps out the preferred leadership style and preferred job resources of generations and allows business leaders an enhanced understanding of their employees.
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Nwankwo, Victor. "The Relationship between Faculty Perceptions and Implementation of Elements of Transactional Distance Theory and Online Web-Based Course Completion Rates." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/875.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between faculty perceptions, selected demographics, implementation of elements of transactional distance theory and online web-based course completion rates. This theory posits that the high transactional distance of online courses makes it difficult for students to complete these courses successfully; too often this is associated with low completion rates. Faculty members play an indispensable role in course design, whether online or face-to-face. They also influence course delivery format from design through implementation and ultimately to how students will experience the course. This study used transactional distance theory as the conceptual framework to examine the relationship between teaching and learning strategies used by faculty members to help students complete online courses. Faculty members’ sex, number of years teaching online at the college, and their online course completion rates were considered. A researcher-developed survey was used to collect data from 348 faculty members who teach online at two prominent colleges in the southeastern part of United States. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in six factors related to transactional distance theory. The factors accounted for slightly over 65% of the variance of transactional distance scores as measured by the survey instrument. Results provided support for Moore’s (1993) theory of transactional distance. Female faculty members scored higher in all the factors of transactional distance theory when compared to men. Faculty number of years teaching online at the college level correlated significantly with all the elements of transactional distance theory. Regression analysis was used to determine that two of the factors, instructor interface and instructor-learner interaction, accounted for 12% of the variance in student online course completion rates. In conclusion, of the six factors found, the two with the highest percentage scores were instructor interface and instructor-learner interaction. This finding, while in alignment with the literature concerning the dialogue element of transactional distance theory, brings a special interest to the importance of instructor interface as a factor. Surprisingly, based on the reviewed literature on transactional distance theory, faculty perceptions concerning learner-learner interaction was not an important factor and there was no learner-content interaction factor.
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Taliaferro, Cheryl. "Ninth-grade Students’ Negotiation Of Aesthetic, Efferent, And Critical Stances In Response To A Novel Set In Afghanistan." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103398/.
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This qualitative, action research study was guided by two primary research questions. First, how do students negotiate aesthetic, efferent, and critical stances when reading a novel set in Afghanistan? Second, how do aesthetic and efferent stances contribute to or hinder the adoption of a critical stance? A large body of research exists that examines student responses to literature, and much of that research is based on the transactional theory of reading. However, it remains unclear how critical literacy fits into this theory. This study describes how one group of high school students’ aesthetic and efferent responses to a novel set in Afghanistan supported their development of critical stances. Six students enrolled in a ninth-grade English course participated in this study. Data were collected for 13 weeks. Data included two individual interviews with each student, student writing assignments in the form of 6 assigned journal entries and 7 assigned essays, transcriptions of 12 class discussions, field notes, lesson plans, a teacher researcher journal, and research memos. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Three major findings emerged from this study. First, class discussions provided a context for students to adopt stances that were not evident in their individual written responses to the novel, which were completed prior to the discussions. Second, the discussions provided scaffolding that helped several of the students adopt world-efferent and critical stances. Third, both the aesthetic and the efferent stances contributed to students’ adoption of critical stances.
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Walker, Kristin Marquette. "Perceptions of Leadership: Impact of Leadership Style and Gender on Employee Motivation." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1945.
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Researchers suggest that individuals in Corporate America have stereotypes about the ways in which men and women lead. They also have found that a leader's style and gender can impact employees' job satisfaction, performance, and engagement. However, researchers have provided little empirical evidence about the specific relationship of leadership style and gender on employee motivation. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the effects of leadership style, as measured by the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), and a leader's gender on employee motivation, as measured by the Work Preference Inventory (WPI). Because it was assumed that small organizations would elicit higher participation, individuals employed at organizations with fewer than 100 employees were surveyed. After being asked about the gender and specific characteristics of their leaders, participants were asked about their level of motivation via the WPI. A 2x3 ANOVA was performed to determine the main effects of a leader's gender and leadership style on level of employee motivation. Findings revealed that although gender and leadership style do not significantly impact motivation, laissez-faire leadership style is more likely to positively influence motivation when compared to transformational or transactional leadership style. Though statistically insignificant, these findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship of gender, leadership, and employee motivation, an ongoing topic of concern. Social implications of this study include dispelling some of the gender stereotypes distributed by Corporate America. Essentially, effective leadership is not about which gender leads best, but more about deploying leadership skills that will contribute to employee success.
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Laében-Rosén, Stark Josef. "Biblioteksverksamhet som distansverksamhet : En analys av UH-bibliotekens roll för distansstudenter." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10597.
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The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to gainknowledge in how some Swedish university librariesexpresses their work regarding web based servicesfor distance learners via activity documents andwebb pages. A qualitative content analysis isconducted to investigate this. The empirical materialconsists of nineteen different documents and elevenselected parts of websites related to eleven differentuniversity libraries. The results show that there is avariation in how and to what degree differentuniversity libraries expresses their services todistance learners. Three main themes emerge fromthe content: ”the electronic library resources”, ”thevirtual library room” and ”the librarian's pedagogicalrole”, all in different ways connected to distancelearners. The results is discussed based on “thetheory of transactional distance”. The principalfindings is that the libraries expresses greatenthusiasm for digital development and web basedservices. Some in more explicit ways and some inmore implicit ways. Based on the findings from thisstudy and from the previous research and literatureon the subject, the conclusion is that it is notpossible to completely distinguish the distancestudents' needs from other students and it is notentirely possible to distinguish the role of theuniversity library in a psysical or a virtualenvironment.
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Patrick, Lisa D. "Found Poetry: A Tool for Supporting Novice Poets and Fostering Transactional Relationships Between Prospective Teachers and Young Adult Literature." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376439323.
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Wisdom, Kendra Lee. "A study of the effects of communication design of synchronous online graduate courses on level of transactional distance and student satisfaction." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1617644159395173.
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Didymus, Faye F. "Exploring the organizational stress process in sport performers : from theory to practice." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10959.
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The increasing evidence of the organizational demands encountered by sports performers provides a fertile ground for research. There is now a requirement to move beyond describing the organizational stressors that performers encounter in order to understand the complex appraisal and coping processes that athletes engage in when experiencing organizational stress. This thesis aimed to conduct a detailed examination of these processes in high-level sport performers. Chapter 2 describes a narrative review of the extant appraisal literature that has examined the roles of situational and personal influences on appraising. In order to generate a detailed understanding of this literature, the review includes findings from the general, occupational, organizational, and sport psychology literatures. This review was instrumental in determining the direction of the research described in later chapters. Chapter 3 aimed to narrow the focus of the thesis to organizational stress transactions in sport performers and therefore, describes a diary study that explored swimmers appraisals of organizational stressors. The findings of this study provided insight into the complex process of appraisal and suggested that appraisals are related to the situational property of the stressor encountered. In addition, the results pointed to the importance of exploring the coping strategies that athletes use to manage organizational stressors in future research. Chapter 4 describes a narrative review of the literature that has examined athletes ways of coping with organizational stressors. Due to the limited sport psychology research in this area and in order to extend current knowledge in sport, prominent findings from the organizational and occupational psychology domains were considered. Chapter 5 was designed to extend the findings of Chapter 3 and the existing literature by examining the coping strategies that swimmers use in response to organizational stressors. This chapter highlighted the complexity of coping and suggested that appraisal mechanisms are linked to the coping family employed. Chapter 6 aimed to take a more complete approach to examining organizational stress transactions by exploring various components of stress transactions. The study presented in this chapter suggested that the appraisal an athlete makes is influential in determining the performance outcome that they will experience. Collectively, the chapters described above highlighted appraising as the pivotal element in stress transactions and established a rationale for the cognitive-behavioral based intervention that is described in Chapter 7. The study presented in Chapter 7 aimed to alleviate some of the negative outcomes of organizational stress by optimizing sport performers appraisals. The findings suggested that cognitive restructuring was a useful technique for achieving this aim. The program of research presented in this thesis suggests that appraising is the pivotal element of organizational stress transactions in sport and that appraising can be optimized in order to alleviate the negative emotional and performance outcomes of maladaptive appraisals. In addition, the research highlights the importance of considering the situational properties of stressors, the complexity of coping, and the relationships between components of stress transactions in future research. Further, the findings presented within this thesis suggest that future research should aim to make methodological and measurement advances and examine, in detail, performers appraisal and coping processes.
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Bhargava, Aparna. "Adolescents’ Perceptions of the Quality of Interactions in a Virtual High School." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/92.
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This applied dissertation was designed to provide better access to current information for best practices in kindergarten to Grade 12 (K-12) online learning. Virtual schooling is becoming a mainstream option for high school students, especially when some courses are not offered in every traditional school. Despite its increased popularity, very few studies had been conducted in K-12 virtual schooling. There was a need for more research based on the perspectives of adolescent students to understand the importance of quality interactions that can bridge the psychological and communications gap that may result when the learner and teacher are separated by time and distance. A quantitative study was conducted at a district-level high school located in the southeastern area of Florida to understand the relationship between adolescent students’ perceptions of the quality and level of learner-teacher, learner-learner, and learner-content interactions; academic achievement; and satisfaction in an online course. Transactional distance theory was used to explain if the quality interactions utilizing synchronous and asynchronous tools have the potential to increase the dialogue within this online course, thereby, reducing the transactional distance. Data was gathered by using a nonexperimental, self-reported, Web-based interaction preferences survey of approximately 50 high school students. Descriptive and nonparametric inferential statistical methods were used to guide, interpret, and analyze students’ responses from this survey.
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Jumsai, Na Ayudhya Thirayu. "Architectural experience in the everyday context." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90053/1/Thirayu_Jumsai_Na_Ayudhya_Thesis.pdf.
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Informed by phenomenology and grounded theory this research identifies the general community's contextual sense-making in relation to their everyday experience of buildings producing a comprehensive theoretical framework that acknowledges a person's relationship with a building as dynamic and unfolding, as opposed to static and constant; and as emotive and existential as well as conceptual and perceptual. In this regard, the research makes an original contribution to environmental psychology, architecture and design and through this discipline knowledge to the design of more habitable buildings, and interior and urban environments.
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Östberg, Emma. "The Controversy of Snape : A transactional reader response analysis of Severus Snape and why he divides readers of the Harry Potter book series." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32478.
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How can a character from a children’s book become so divisive that he causes arguments amongst adults? This essay uses transactional reader response theory to explain the reason why the character Severus Snape from the Harry Potter book series by J.K. Rowling is so controversial. Applying notions from reader response theorists such as Rosenblatt and Iser together with earlier research on Snape will show how the reader’s opinion is affected by both the text itself and their own personal experience. A poll was created and posted on Facebook with over a thousand replies. This data is analysed and used to apply the theory on real examples. The conclusion of the essay is that Snape is both good and bad. He acts heroically but is also vindictive and petty. Snape is perhaps the most human of all Rowling’s characters and each reader recognises a little of themselves in him that they can relate to. Because of ongoing arguments regarding Snape readers have to constantly defend their opinion. As the opinion is re-evaluated it is also strengthened each time readers reconsider the story of Snape and, like Snape himself once asked Professor Quirrell to do, decide where their loyalties lie.
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Paul, Natalie. "A Basic Interpretive Study of the Experiences of University Students Who Have Dropped or Failed an Online Course." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1828.
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Online courses have increased in enrollments over the past few decades. As the number of students taking online courses have increased, so has the number of students who have dropped or failed an online course. According to the literature, online courses may have higher drop rates than traditional, face-to-face courses. The number of students who fail an online course is, also, of concern. As online courses may continue to grow over the next few decades, studies on persistence in online courses may benefit students, administrators, instructional designers, educators, and researchers. Although previous research studies have addressed persistence in online courses, very few examine it from the perspectives of students who were unsuccessful in their courses. These students may have unique insights about the online experience that may have related to their lack of success. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of university students who have failed or dropped an online course through the lenses of transactional distance theory and Kember’s model of dropout in distance education. Transactional distance theory discusses the dialog, structure, and learner autonomy involved in an online course, while, Kember’s model presents categories that may relate to dropping an online course. Together, the theory and model may help in understanding the experiences of students who have dropped or failed an online course. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants from a large Southeastern university in the United States. Based on the participants’ responses, the data was sorted and ranked according to the amount of transactional distance in their courses, as well as the categories of Kember’s model. Many of the participants who experienced low or high transactional distance have, also, expressed an issue with the goal commitment category of Kember’s model. Additionally, there were important differences in the student characteristics of those who dropped or failed an online course. Furthermore, suggestions for improving online courses were given by the participants. Some of these suggestions included more student-instructor interactions, the use of more technology tools in their online course, and for orientations to the online environment to be offered.
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Svensson, Elisabeth. "Rektors ledarskap och organisation i Montessorifriskolor – en intervjustudie av tre rektorer." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35952.
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Svensson, Elisabeth (2018). Rektors ledarskap och organisation i Montessori- friskolor – enintervjustudie av tre rektorer. (Principals leadership and organization in Montessori-schools - aninterview study of three principals). Pedagogik, Institutionen för Skolutveckling och ledarskap,Fakulteten för Lärande och samhälle, Malmö universitet.The research that has taken place has consisted of interviews with principals in two Montessorischools(F-6, F-9) and one Montessori-inspired school (F-6). My purpose with this study was toinvestigate how principals pedagogically lead and organize the daily work connected with how theschool structurally is built and lead. The interviews have been accomplished by a manual withquestions and are semi-structured. I have with a phenomenologically approach tried to describe,interpret and analyze the principals daily work from respondents own perspective. In my analysis,I have used the complexity theory in order to understand and interpret the complexity of the schoolorganization and two models of leadership, transformational and transactional leadership. Theresult of the analysis shows that the Montessori-school principals strategically consciously workwith attitudes and methods of working in the context of learning and teaching. I have identified abasis for how school leadership can be practised within the Montessori pedagogy. I have also in myanalysis established the fact that many of the characteristics of the Montessori pedagogy correspondwith what is stated in the curriculum of the compulsory school (Lgr 11). In relation to theleadership of the principals I have been able to state the fact that both a transformational and atransactional leadership are represented in the three schools. I have made the complexity in theprincipal’s leadership evident in the relation to the organization of the schools and have identifiedan obvious challenge and conflict of interest between the main organization, that is controlled bythe committee, and the principal and the staff of the the schools. My analysis clearly shows that theopinion of all three principals is that the daily work in the school organization is complex. I make acomparison with the complexity theory, which indicates that when the abstract and the simplifiedissues in the daily work meet with the more concrete and complex issues, this will cause difficultiesin the organization. .The study can hopefully increase the knowledge of principals’ leadershiprelated to the organization in Montessori-schools and be complementary to further research in thisfield.
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Murray, Anthony G. "Strerss on Educators at a Discipline Alternative Education Program." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7106.
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Interaction with their students during classroom instruction is often a source of stress among many teachers. The academic setting of Disciplinary Alternative Educational Programs (DAEP) poses a risk factor for teachers to experience stress, given that student disruptive behavior has been associated with higher stress levels among teachers. The problem underlying this study was that most studies on DAEP have focused on the experiences of students, with limited information available about the experiences of teachers in this type of academic setting. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the role of job-related stress and coping on the job performance of DAEP teachers, from a transactional theory of stress and coping approach. This exploration was grounded in the theoretical lens of the transactional theory of stress and coping, which served as the link between the importance of the psychological health of teachers and the successful administration of public programs. The geographical setting of the study was a single DAEP campus. Data were collected using 20 individual, face-to-face semi structured interviews. Data were analyzed using the modified van Kaam method of phenomenological analysis, which involves the systematic analysis of data through the process of dividing large quantities of qualitative data into smaller units of meaning. The results produced significant thematic themes. The findings from this study could help scholars and practitioners gain important insight about job-related stressors in DAEP, which could facilitate the improvement of administration and development policies in order to promote a positive work environment in DAEP settings.
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Calvin, Jennifer. "Explaining learner satisfaction with perceived knowledge gained in web-based courses through course structure and learner autonomy." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1117203568.
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Adanlawo, Eyitayo Francis. "Community development: the use of corporate social responsibility initiatives by shopping centre landlords." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1623.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Communication Science in the Department of Communication Science at the University of Zululand, 2017The growing power of shopping centres within communities has changed the economic landscape and has also attracted concerns from society. This has inspired an increasing call for shopping centres landlords to play a substantial role in community development. This study explores the relationship between shopping centres landlords and the communities in which they reside-in with regards to corporate social responsibilities. The study is based on the premise that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives are seen as mandatory by shopping centres landlords as to ask what their contributions are to achieving sustainable development and improving the lives of people living in the local communities. In this regard, the study examines the role that shopping centres landlords play in bringing development to their various communities through CSR. The focus is on three shopping centres: Empangeni Sanlam Centre, Esikhawini Mall and Richards Bay Boardwalk Inkwazi Shopping Centre within uThungulu District Municipality. Relational theory and transactional model theory are used to develop a model for shopping centres landlords to embrace CSR as a tool to community development. This study employs a survey method which was conducted among the management of the centres and residents of Empangeni, Esikhawini and Richards Bay. The results of the study indicate that CSR initiatives embarked upon by shopping centres landlords through their management team are not communicated to the local community residents. This brings a gap in communication between the landlords and the local community residents. The practical implications of this finding showed that the model proposed for this study is promising in solving communication problem hindering CSR initiatives implementation.
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Hahn, Raquel Usevicius. "A distância transacional e a organização de cursos de licenciatura on-line." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178406.
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Esta tese aprofunda os estudos na área de formação de professores para educação básica na modalidade a distância, integrando a linha de pesquisa Ambientes Informatizados e Ensino a Distância do curso de Pós-graduação em Informática na Educaçao do CINTED/UFRGS. A Teoria da Distância Transacional estuda a distância pedagógica em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. O objetivo é verificar como se comportam nos cursos os operadores conceituais que formam a base de compreensão deste estudo. São eles: o diálogo, a estrutura do curso e a autonomia do aluno. Estes três pilares sustentam a distância transacional para se investigar como se comportam nas disciplinas pedagógicas de cursos de licenciatura na modalidade a distância. Agrega-se a Teoria da Ação Dialógica que tem o potencial de aprofundar e enriquecer a abordagem sobre a Distância Transacional. Percorre-se brevemente o contexto histórico da Ead, os cursos de formação de professores no Brasil e o processo de escolarização da educação básica. A pesquisa é construída na triangulação analítica entre o conteúdo dos documentos referentes aos cursos e as disciplinas, o questionário assíncrono, o registro da observação no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Netaula, o relatório de participação dos fóruns e os diálogos com a coordenação do curso de Pedagogia. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma universidade particular de ensino superior da região Sul compreendendo em um estudo de caso O campo de pesquisa constitui-se de oito disciplinas pedagógicas, oferecidas do primeiro ao sétimo semestre, em sete cursos de licenciaturas, com destaque para o curso de Pedagogia, com todos os sujeitos envolvidos. Apresenta-se a voz dos agentes: alunos, os professores regentes e tutores virtuais a partir da análise dos questionários e dos fóruns das disciplinas. Os resultados mostram a relevância da aplicação da teoria da distância transacional na apreciação dos cursos de licenciatura na modalidade a distância para pensar o estreitamento da distância pedagógica nos cursos a distância. Isso implica no sentimento de pertencimento ao curso para os alunos, os professores regentes e os tutores virtuais. Destaca-se a relevância da estrutura do curso que mostra a interação mais expressiva do aluno com o conteúdo. E a importância do auto estudo e da autodisciplina para a consolidação da autonomia do aluno.This thesis develop the studies in the area of teacher training for basic education in the distance modality, integrating the research line of Learning Management System and Distance Learning of post graduate course in informatics in education of CINTED/UFRGS. The theory of transactional distance investigate pedagogical distance in virtual learning environments. The main goal is to verify how conceptual operators make their own basis of comprehension for this study, which are: the dialogue, the structure of the course and the student autonomy. These tree pillars sustain the transactional distance to investigate how pedagogical disciplines of graduation courses behave in the distance modality. I added the dialogical action theory which has the potential to develop and enrich the approach of transactional theory. We analyze very briefly the history context of distance learning, the formation courses of professors in Brazil and the process of schooling of basic education. The research it`s built in the analytical triangulation between the content of the documents concerning the disciplines and the courses, the self-paced questionary, the observation register in the virtual learning environment Netaula, the report of the participation in the forums and the dialogues with the pedagogical course co-ordination. The research was developed in a private university of graduation teaching in the south region understanding a study of the case The rummage field it`s formed by eight pedagogical disciplines, offered from the first to the seventh semester in seven courses of graduation, and the most important for our research is the course of pedagogy with all the individuals involved. We present the voice of the agents: students, regent professors and virtual tutors starting from the review of the questionary and the discipline forums. The findings shows us relevance of the application of transactional distance theory for appreciation of graduation courses in distance modality, to analyze the decrease of pedagogical distance in the distance education courses. This implies in the feeling of belonging to the course for the students, the regent professors and the virtual tutors. The relevance of the structure of the course stands out, because it shows the most expressive interaction of the student with the content of the course. And the importance of self study and self discipline for the consolidation of the autonomy of the student.
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Kristoffersson, Kamilla, and Sabina Molin. "Att leda löshästar : En studie om hur resurskonsulter upplever ledarskapet på kundföretagen." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18982.
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Sammanfattning Titel: Att leda löshästar - en studie om hur resurskonsulter upplever ledarskapet i kundföretagen Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Sabina Molin och Kamilla Kristoffersson Handledare: Monika Wallmon och Lars Ekstrand Datum: 2015 – Januari Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att med hjälp av leader-member exchange theory undersöka utbytesrelationerna mellan resurskonsulter och deras närmaste ledare på kundföretaget samt vilka ledarbeteenden som används för att leda inhyrd arbetskraft och hur de påverkar relationerna. Metod: Denna uppsats har ett positivistiskt förhållningssätt och det används en hypotetiskdeduktiv metod som innebär att hypoteser deduceras från teori och sedan prövas mot empiri. En kvantitativ ansats används genom att samla in empiri genom webbenkäter som skickades ut till 148 respondenter. Resultat & slutsats: Undersökningen visade att stödjande ledarskap och leda som förebild hade störst påverkan på utbytesrelationerna. De ledarbeteenden som användes i störst utsträckning var berättigande och erkännande. Utveckling och visionerande användes allra minst. De flesta utbytesrelationer var höga. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Flera förslag till fortsatt forskning presenteras men vi finner att undersöka både ledare, ordinarie och inhyrd personal för att jämföra hur ledarskapet se ut och få en bredare bild är främsta intresset. Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna uppsats har bidragit med en insyn i hur ledare leder inhyrd personal och hur detta ledarskap ser ut i form av ledarbeteenden och utbytesrelationer. Nyckelord: Ledarskap, inhyrd personal, utbytesrelation, leader-member exchange theory, ledarbeteende, transformativt och transaktionellt ledarskap.
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Sokudela, Funeka. "A comparison of psychosocial and psychiatric features of mentally capable versus mentally incapable individuals referred by the courts for forensic psychiatric observation in relation to an alleged sexual offence." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65810.
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This is a mixed research methods study based at the forensic mental health unit of Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The overarching aim of the study was to help add insights that could indirectly inform the wider discourse on sexual offending in society and to the body of knowledge on the prevention of sexual violence – including in forensic mental health. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied through concurrent and transformative mixed research methods, premised on the philosophical stance of pragmatism. Records of individuals accused of sexual offences were explored and in-depth interviews with individuals accused of sexual offending and / or other types of charges referred for observation in terms of the Criminal Procedure Act, 51, 1977 (CPA 1977) were conducted. Psychiatric and psychosocial features and general perspectives on sexual offending were explored. Data collection was done from the end of 2014 to the end of 2015.
In terms of findings, the record-based component of the study revealed that the majority of those referred were mentally capable, were known to the victims and lived in close proximity to them. Boys and girls, elderly women and socially isolated individuals seemed the most vulnerable irrespective of the mental capacity of the accused at the time of an alleged incident. In-depth interviews revealed scepticism, myths and new locally relevant ways of defining sexual violence. Socio-economic determinants of health seemed to render potential perpetrators of sexual offending vulnerable to violence and included adverse childhood events, poverty, unemployment and inequality. Experiences during and after arrest revealed possible human rights violations of alleged offenders by communities and law enforcement systems. Mental illness worsened stigma even in the hands of law enforcement systems.
Central phenomena viz. ‘the perceived oppression of men’ and ‘vulnerability’ of potential victims and potential perpetrators emerged. A tentative theory of ‘vulnerability’, as an explanation and an approach to preventing sexual and other forms of violence in society, is proposed for both victims and potential perpetrators. Public health, socio-ecological frameworks of sexual violence prevention and other explanatory and prevention frameworks on sexual offending seem aligned to the study’s findings. Patriarchy, collective violence inherited from South Africa’s past, social cognitive theory on learning, trauma re-enactment, and other factors seem to play a role. In terms of mixed research contributions, a need for robust ways of studying diverse populations such as South Africa is emerging. Further, an initial stance of studying prevention of sexual violence from a victim-centred advocacy lens, has been transformed to yield accused individuals’ advocacy issues as well. Multi-system prevention approaches involving at-risk potential perpetrators, and not just victims, seem to be the next frontier for research and interventions. The study reveals insights that may contribute to the field of violence prevention.Thesis (PhD)- University of Pretoria, 2018.
Psychiatry
PhD
Unrestricted
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Nave, Jerry Wayne. "Leadership Styles of Entrepreneurs in Small Land Surveying Businesses." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1079.
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The purpose of this research study was to analyze the leadership styles of owners of small land surveying businesses in the states of Tennessee and Virginia to determine what leadership style was currently being employed by the majority of those owners. The participants in this study were chosen from members of the Virginia Association of Surveyors and the Tennessee Association of Professional Surveyors. The respondents to the questionnaire were licensed land surveyors who owned small firms of fewer than 101 employees. In addition, a corollary purpose was to flesh out the skeletal literature available on small business leadership styles and their effect on small business success.
The owners of the small surveying businesses were asked to reply to a series of questions on demographic data and Likert-type scale questions designed to examine the respondents' leadership styles as Participatory, Situational, or Autocratic in a both external and internal environments. The results of the questionnaire produced nominal data, which were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software to compute the frequency and significance. Additionally, a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis K Independent Samples procedure and one-way Chi -Square tests were used to analyze the statistical relationships and differences in the respondents' answers.
The results of this study suggested that the majority of the respondents used a participatory style of leadership when confronted with internal environment decisions and an autocratic leadership style in the external environment. The overall conclusion drawn from this study was that the owners of small land surveying firms who responded to the questionnaire were predominantly situational because they adjusted their leadership styles to meet the needs and demands of their changing situations.
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Wagner, David N. "LEADERSHIP EDUCATION RECONSIDERED: EXAMINING SELF-PERCEIVED LEADERSHIP STYLES AND MOTIVATION SOURCES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE LEADERS." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1288191946.
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Jeffers-Knight, Shurla. "Government Senior Executives' Perceptions of Brain Drain on Leadership in the United States Virgin Islands." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/545.
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Highly qualified individuals are leaving the Caribbean and relocating to the United States and other developed countries. Researchers describe this resulting flight of human capital, or brain drain, from the Caribbean as a problem which has no clear definition or immediate solution. This phenomenological study explored perceptions of government senior executives in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) of the cause and impact of brain drain. Burns' and Bass's transformational and transactional leadership theories were used as the framework for this study. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and semistructured interviews with a snowball sample of 10 participants. Data were analyzed using the phenomenological method of thematic coding. Data indicated that leaders perceived a lack of opportunities for educated individuals in the USVI. Government senior executives acknowledged an imbalance in the workforce as the majority of workers are older individuals. Government senior executives recommended an increased budget allotment to educate, retain, and attract younger Virgin Islanders to decrease and prevent brain drain. These results indicate that policymakers and organizational leaders can create positive social change by creating job opportunities and improving the island's physical and social infrastructures, thus, ensuring future organizational success.
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Pálffy, Miklós-Paul. "Game Theory and M&A Transactions." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03606407001/$FILE/03606407001.pdf.
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Beckman, Nels E. "Types for Correct Concurrent API Usage." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2010. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/40.
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This thesis represents an attempt to improve the state of the art in our ability tounderstand and check object protocols, with a particular emphasis on concurrent pro-grams. Object protocols are the patterns of use imposed on clients of APIs in object-oriented programs. We show through an empirical study of open-source object-oriented programs that object protocols are quite common. We then present “Sync-or-Swim,” a methodology and suite of accompanying tools for checking at compile-time that object protocols are used and implemented correctly. This methodology isbased upon the existing access permissions method of alias control, which is hereextended to be sound in the face of shared-memory concurrency. The analysis isformalized as a type system for an object-oriented calculus, and then proven to befree from false-negatives using a proof of type safety. The type system is extendedwith parametric polymorphism, or “generics,” in order to increase its ability to checkcommonly occurring patterns. An implementation of the approach, a static analysisfor programs written in the Java programming language, is presented. This imple-mentation was used to perform a series of case studies whose goal was to evaluatethe ease of use, expressiveness and ability to verify commonly occurring patterns.These case studies are presented. Next, an approach and an associated tool for in-ferring access permission annotations is presented. This inference tool can reducethe burden of using our protocol-checking approach by automatically inferring therequired typing annotations. This inference is built upon a system of probabilisticconstraints, which allows the easy encoding of heuristics. Finally, an optimization ofsoftware transactional memory runtimes is presented. This optimization is enabledby the typing annotations required to use the concurrent protocol checker and canremove some of the overhead typically associated with transactional memory sys-tems. As a result of the work presented in this thesis, it is possible to guarantee theabsence of certain API usage errors even in concurrent programs, and to do so witha low burden on programmers. By adhering to such an approach, programmers canproduce more reliable software.
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Tatjana, Knežević. "Odnos profesionalnog i životnog stila zaposlenih i stila upravljanja organizacijom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101396&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Savremene organizacije u svojoj svakodnevnoj brizi za isunjavanje postavljenih ciljeva sve češće očekuju od svojih zaposlenih, a naročito menadžera, da budu isključivo posvećeni organizaciji i njenom uspehu. Cilj ovog rada je prikaz konceptualnih i teorijskih pitanja koja se tiču povezanosti stilova upravljanja i stresa na radu kod menadžera, u koja spadaju definisanje navedenih pojmova i njihovo razgraničavanje od srodnih pojmova, pri čemu se stilovi upravljanja posmatraju sa stanovišta situacionog modela liderstva razvijenog od strane Hersija i Blanšarda, a stres sa stanovištva transakcionističke teorije stresa.Modern organizations in their everyday care for the fulfillment of the goalsincreasingly expect from their employees, especially managers, to beexclusively committed to the organization and its success. The aim of thispaper is to present the conceptual and theoretical issues related toconnectivity management styles and stress at work with managers, a groupthat includes the definition of these terms and their delimitation from relatedconcepts, with a management style viewed from the standpoint of situationalleadership model developed by Hersеy and Blanchard, and stress from theviewpoint of transactional theory of stress.
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Lee, Woonghee. "A theory of alliance governance : a strategic option alternative to transaction cost theory." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1263404762.
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Song, Shiyun. "Three essays in transaction cost analysis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/111211/.
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This thesis studies the impact of transaction costs on stocks prices and examine the impact of institutional investors and high frequency traders (HFTs) on market quality and transaction costs. It is comprised of three chapters. Chapter 2 uses a clean and novel field experiment to study how stock prices of publicly listed companies respond to changes in transaction costs. Using the SEC's pilot program that increased the tick size for approximately 1,200 randomly chosen stocks, we find a decrease in market capitalization of $7 billion for stocks affected by the larger tick size relative to a control group. We find that the increase in the present value of transaction costs accounts for a small percentage of the price decrease. We study channels of price variation due to changes in expected returns: investor horizon, liquidity risk, and information risk. The evidence suggests that trading frictions affect the cost of capital. Chapter 3 examines the effects of multimarket high-frequency trading (HFT) activity on liquidity co-movements across different markets. Multimarket trading by HFTs connects individual markets in a single network, which should induce stronger network-wide liquidity co-movements. We use the staggered introduction of an alternative trading platform, Chi-X, in European equity markets as our instrument for an exogenous increase in multimarket HFT activity. Consistent with our predictions, we find that liquidity co-movements within the aggregate network of European markets significantly increase after the introduction of Chi-X and even exceed liquidity co-movements within the home market. They are especially strong in down markets and for stocks with a higher intensity of HFT trading in the post-Chi-X period. Chapter 4 studies optimality of trade execution by institutional trading desks. We document the presence of negative autocorrelation in intraday stock return and show that the temporary price pressure is larger at the beginning and the end of the day. Institutional trading volume exhibits similar intraday pattern. We relate the periodity of price pressure to trading desks' performance using a proprietary database of institutional investor trades. We find that execution quality is the worst at the end of the day yet institutional trading volume is also surprisingly high. Poorer performing brokers in terms of execution shortfall trade more in the last hour of the day, have a higher execution cost at the end of the day, and carry out less order splitting at the end of the day. Our findings suggest that intraday price pressure stems from end of the day clustering of under-performing trading desks strategies results in higher trading costs and poorer execution quality. A trading strategy exploiting this intraday predictability yields a monthly return of 16.11%. Our results have implications on the impact of broker selection and execution strategy on trading costs.
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Shaw, David. "An investigation into remote transactions." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/441.
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Remote transactions globally transfer trillions of dollars annually. Many of these information exchanges are mediated, implicitly or explicitly, by a complex web of agencies that add to costs and introduce additional opportunities for error or misconduct. Further, additional records are created as part of the audit and transaction process. These transaction records may be used to enhance performance and generate new transactions, and are consequently of value. Further, these records provide some protection against error or misconduct by allocating responsibility for each transaction component. The conventional approach to remote transaction security is to add complexity and layers of arbitration to minimise losses at the cost of ease of use and flexibility. This research examined transaction characteristics and explored means of reducing the additional costs while providing transactions with security, flexibility and scalability. The critical issue is the control of transaction information which is principally used for dispute resolution and audit. However, it may also be used for unethical and even illegal purposes. Conventional techniques for information security such as encryption, hashing and signatures are reviewed and, additionally, reduction in participant numbers coupled with broadening of the hardware basis has been explored and recommendations are made for securing particular electronic remote transactions. User-management of transaction components and information is discussed, along with user-based mediation of identity, however, some form of arbitration or adjudication relying on transaction records need be assumed. The principal threat to transaction records is not the anonymous hacker, but the obsolescence imposed by ongoing changes in hardware, software and organisational procedures. Conservation of paper documents is an established discipline however, conservation of electronic records and hardware require additional considerations. The credit card transaction is used as a basis for the development of a prototype to increase the security of transactions under user control but the processes and methods are applicable to a much wider variety of transactions and can be implemented in a secure, flexible format. A user controlled prototype scheme with electronic signature usage is defined and common attack avenues are examined. The prototype software was developed and tested on Nokia mobile phones and the transactions performed provided flexibility and scalability with strong security. User choices in security levels are implemented and each unique transaction is uniquely processed making the transactions resistant to a variety of attacks. It is considered that while “User mediation” is feasible and may become common in some transactions it is unlikely to replace arbitration in high value transactions. While self-enforcing transactions are feasible in arbitrated and adjudicated regimes with some form of pre-arranged context, the existence of selfenforcing transactions without pre-existing context is not yet decided. In summary, these methods may change the way many current transaction regimes and applications do business and in doing so, will alter the balance of power in transactions by putting control onto the user with concomitant transfer of costs.
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Terkowski, Ann-Christin, de Loo Justus van, and Pascal Pelikan. "Leaders’ Perception of the Connection between Sustainability and Employee Engagement." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21435.
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Todays’ organizations are facing low levels of employee engagement, with a tendency to decrease evenfurther. Sustainability has been found to positively affect employee engagement as it providesemployees with a higher purpose in their work. Therefore, this research study reveals leaders’perception on the contribution of sustainability towards employee engagement, with a focus onmultinational organizations in the Öresund region. This qualitative study combines Herzberg´s “Two-Factor Theory” and transformational leadership to analyze the research findings with a theoreticalframework. The results display that sustainability has a significant influence on the level of employeeengagement and various activities of organizations and leaders contribute towards this. The researchalso underlines that there is a potential for organizations to implement further strategies in this regardand thereby not only strengthen the satisfaction and loyalty of their current workforce, but also gain acompetitive advantage in the future for attracting new talents.
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Incorvia, Joseph H. "An evaluation of defense contracting based on transaction cost theory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42008.
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This study investigates the use of the transaction
cost paradigm, as a framework, for evaluating defense
contracts and exploring problems related to defense
contracting. The study shows that defense contracting is
beleaguered with bounded rationality and uncertainty
problems, and furthermore, that bounded rationality and
uncertainty can lead to opportunistic behavior within
defense contracting. The study shows, in particular that
adverse selection, moral hazard, and hold-up problems exist
within defense contracting.
Based on the results of this study the transaction
cost paradigm can be used as a framework for evaluating
defense contracts and related problems. The results also
indicate that hold-up problems and moral hazard problems
may be minimized by using proper contracts or acquisition
strategies. Based on the case study in Chapter III there
does not appear to be a contractual solution to adverse
selection problems.
Master of Arts
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Sanders, Salvatore A. "Effect of Learner Attributes, Dialogue and Course Structure on Students’ Satisfaction and Performance in On-Line Course Environments." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1151691500.
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Renier, Samuel. "Éducation, Science et Société dans la dernière philosophie de John Dewey (1929-1939) : de la continuité de l'enquête à l'inquiétude des frontières." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20117.
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Le 26 février 1929, le philosophe américain John Dewey prononce une conférence devant un public d’étudiants et d’enseignants dans lequel il se prononce nettement en faveur de la mise en place d’une science de l’éducation, dont il développe les principales caractéristiques. La décennie qui suit va alors s’avérer d’une grande richesse intellectuelle et voir Dewey travailler ardemment à l’approfondissement et à l’élargissement de sa réflexion philosophique en direction de nouveaux champs et de nouvelles problématiques. Paradoxalement, cette période est également celle où son œuvre éducative semble la moins bien connue, en comparaison de ses premiers travaux sur le sujet, qui contribuèrent à sa renommée précoce sur le plan international. L’ambition du présent travail est donc d’étudier la réflexion éducative qu’il mène dans cette période, à la lumière du renouveau qu’elle apporte dans la compréhension globale de son œuvre. A travers la science de l’éducation, l’enjeu est alors d’observer en quoi la réflexion éducative de Dewey est susceptible de rejoindre ses théories du social et de la connaissance afin de proposer un schème d’analyse cohérent, à même de nous aider à faire face à l’inquiétude d’un monde en perpétuelle évolutionOn November 26th 1929, American philosopher John Dewey gave an address to an audience comprising students and teachers, in which occasion he advocated for the development of a Science of education and described its main features. The following decade is then one of a great intellectual wealth and sees Dewey working hard to broaden and deepen the range of his philosophical thought towards new fields and new problems to deal with. Surprisingly enough, this period also seems to be one concerning which his contribution to education appears to be of less importance, when compared to his first achievements in the field which brought him an early and international fame. The scope of our paper is accordingly to study the educational thinking entertained by Dewey at that time, at the dawn of the renewed light it sheds over the comprehensive significance of his work. Through a Science of education, our aim is then to analyze how Dewey’s educational thinking may connect to his theories of science and society in order to provide a consistent scheme of analysis, which may reveal itself helpful in facing the inquietude of a world in constant evolution