Journal articles on the topic 'Transactional requirements'
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Rajaram, Kanchana, Chitra Babu, and Arun Adiththan. "Specification of Transactional Requirements for Web Services using Recoverability." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2013010104.
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In Service-Oriented Computing (SOC), a business transaction comprises of several web services provided by multiple enterprises. The transactional behaviour of individual web services must be considered for service selection so that the composition of web services results in a reliable execution. It is difficult for a business analyst to envisage the desired business policies of a process in terms of transactional properties of the corresponding service. Hence, an abstract mechanism that enables the business analyst to specify the transactional properties in a simple manner must be introduced. Towards this objective, it is proposed to express the transactional properties in terms of the recoverability of services. The transactional web services are grouped into different levels of recoverability based on their recovery cost. The estimated recovery costs are empirically verified and validated.
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Ettazi, Widad, Hatim Hafiddi, and Mahmoud Nassar. "A Context-Driven Commit Protocol for Enhancing Transactional Services Performance in Pervasive Environments." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 10, no. 4 (October 2018): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2018100102.
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The proposed techniques for wireless environments during the last decade have limited support for dynamically changing environments. Due to its nature, the mobile computing environment is extremely dynamic and subject to rapid and unpredictable changes. Similarly, the characteristics of mobile applications affect their transactional requirements. The challenge is to reflect on solutions offering more flexibility and adaptability. In this article, the contribution was focused mainly on the problem of atomic commit that ensures the atomicity property. The trail of adapting mobile transaction commit protocols to context changes has been explored. This has led to the formalization of a flexible transaction model CATSM that supports adaptable properties and a commit protocol CA-TCP that enables adaptation to application requirements and mobile context in terms of transactional properties and execution cost. An architecture based on the concept of adaptation policy has also been designed for the implementation of the proposed solution.
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Kini, Satish M., Robert T. Dura, and Zila Reyes Acosta-Grimes. "FinCEN issues long-awaited guidance on the customer due diligence rule." Journal of Investment Compliance 19, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-06-2018-0044.
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Purpose To highlight pertinent points in the frequently-asked questions (FAQs) issued on April 3, 2018 by the US Treasury Department Financial Crimes Enforcement Network concerning its Customer Due Diligence Requirements for Financial Institutions (“CDD Rule”), which were published on May 11, 2016 and became effective on May 11, 2018. Design/methodology/approach Discusses clarification and guidance in the FAQs concerning beneficial ownership requirements for administrative and internal accounts, claims for exclusion from the definition of legal entity customer, information requirements for pooled investment vehicles, the requirement for beneficial ownership information from foreign publicly-traded companies, information requirements for existing customers, certification of beneficial ownership information when existing accounts are renewed, requirements for refreshing existing beneficial ownership information, retention of beneficial ownership records, aggregation for currency transaction reporting, and requirements to understand the nature and purpose of a customer relationship. Findings Covered financial institutions and industry associations have sought clarification and guidance on a range of topics, several of which have been addressed in the FAQs. Originality/value Expert guidance from lawyers focused on regulatory, compliance and transactional issues for financial institutions.
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Popovic, Marko, Branislav Kordic, Miroslav Popovic, and Ilija Basicevic. "Online algorithms for scheduling transactions on python software transactional memory." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 1 (2019): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1901085p.
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Designing online transaction scheduling algorithms is challenging because one needs to reconcile three opposing requirements: (i) they should be fast, (ii) they should minimize make span and maximize throughput, and (iii) they should produce conflict-free transaction schedules. In this paper we present four online transaction scheduling algorithms, namely, RR, ETLB, AC, and AAC algorithm, we prove their correctness and time bounds, and we conduct a theoretical analysis of the transaction schedules they produce, using three different workloads (RDW, CFW, and WDW). Finally, we compare various features of the four algorithms. The results are as expected, as we go from RR, over ETLB and AC, to AAC algorithms, the quality of the resulting schedules increases at the cost of increase of algorithm?s time complexity.
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Bhiri, Sami, Walid Gaaloul, Claude Godart, Olivier Perrin, Maciej Zaremba, and Wassim Derguech. "Ensuring Customised Transactional Reliability of Composite Services." Journal of Database Management 22, no. 2 (April 2011): 64–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2011040103.
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Web services are defined independently of any execution context. Due to their inherent autonomy and heterogeneity, it is difficult to examine the behaviour of composite services, especially in case of failures. This paper is interested in ensuring composite services reliability. Reliable composition is defined as a composition where all instance executions are correct from a transactional and business point of view. In this paper, the authors propose a transactional approach for ensuring reliable Web service compositions. The approach integrates the expressivity power of workflow models and the reliability of Advanced Transactional Models (ATM). This method offers flexibility for designers to specify their requirements in terms of control structure, using workflow patterns, and execution correctness. Contrary to ATM, the authors start from the designers’ specifications to define the appropriate transactional mechanisms that ensure correct executions according to their requirements.
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Maldonado, Walther, Patrick Marlier, Pascal Felber, Julia Lawall, Gilles Muller, and Etienne Rivière. "Supporting Time-Based QoS Requirements in Software Transactional Memory." ACM Transactions on Parallel Computing 2, no. 2 (July 8, 2015): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2779621.
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Thomson, Sara Day. "Preserving Transactional Data." International Journal of Digital Curation 11, no. 2 (July 4, 2017): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v11i2.419.
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This paper is an adaptation of a longer report commissioned by the UK Data Service. The longer report contributes to on-going support for the Big Data Network – a programme funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). The longer report can be found at doi:10.7207/twr16-02. This paper discusses requirements for preserving transactional data and the accompanying challenges facing the companies and institutions who aim to re-use these data for analysis or research. It presents a range of use cases – examples of transactional data – in order to describe the characteristics and difficulties of these ‘big’ data for long-term access. Based on the overarching trends discerned in these use cases, the paper will define the challenges facing the preservation of these data early in the curation lifecycle. It will point to potential solutions within current legal and ethical frameworks, but will focus on positioning the problem of re-using these data from a preservation perspective. In some contexts, these data could be fiscal in nature, deriving from business ‘transactions’. This paper, however, considers transactional data more broadly, addressing any data generated through interactions with a database system. Administrative data, for instance, is one important form of transactional data collected primarily for operational purposes, not for research. Examples of administrative data include information collected by government departments and other organisations when delivering a service (e.g. tax, health, or education) and can entail significant legal and ethical challenges for re-use. Transactional data, whether created by interactions between government database systems and citizens or by automatic sensors or machines, hold potential for future developments in academic research and consumer analytics. Re-use of reliable transactional data in research has the power to improve services and investments by organisations in many different sectors. Ultimately, however, these data will only lead to new discoveries and insights if they are effectively curated and preserved to ensure appropriate reproducibility. This paper explores challenges to this undertaking and approaches to ensuring long-term access.
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Nepal, Jagdish Prasad, Nuttaya Yuangyai, Saroj Gyawali, and Chumpol Yuangyai. "Blockchain-Based Smart Renewable Energy: Review of Operational and Transactional Challenges." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 4911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134911.
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Blockchain has peculiar characteristics among various digital technologies due to its decentralised and cryptographic properties. The combination of intelligent energy systems and blockchain can innovate new forms of transactive energy and navigate the digital journey to transform the future of renewable energy systems. This review studies various blockchain implementations in the smart energy domain and presents the findings on operational and transactional challenges in a blockchain-based smart renewable energy system. We also identify the differences between operations and transactions in smart energy systems. Furthermore, we identify the most pronounced cryptocurrencies in different studies. The findings highlighted various challenges concerning the implementation of blockchain-based smart energy systems. We identified how these challenges spawn across operational and transactional deliverables. Building on these findings, we discuss various challenges impacting the operational and transactional domains, which we believe have significant value for researchers, practitioners, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and start-ups. It will provide long-term benefits to humankind in fulfilling energy requirements, promoting sustainable energy use by developing countermeasures to combat identified challenges and leveraging the optimal use of blockchain technology.
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Guillemette, Manon G., Sylvie Frechette, and Alexandre Moïse. "Comparing Requirements Analysis Techniques in Business Intelligence and Transactional Contexts." International Journal of Business Intelligence Research 12, no. 2 (July 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbir.294569.
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Requirements elicitation is a key concern in information technology (IT) projects. Busi-ness intelligence systems (BI) have emerged and are now used widely in organizations. These systems are designed to support manager's decision-making in their business performance moni-toring activities and their requirements are very different from those of transactional systems. But past research did not consider these differences. Therefore, this paper relies on a comparative approach to assess differences in the level of use and perceived effectiveness of requirements analysis techniques in both business intelligence and transactional contexts. An exploratory quali-tative study was conducted with two phases of semi-structured interviews with experienced practitioners. Our results show that 28% of the techniques differ in their level of use or perceived effectiveness, thus demonstrating the specificity of decision makers' needs. Our results reveal the importance of using techniques appropriate to the context to adequately define requirements and improve projects’ success.
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Rajaram, Kanchana, Chitra Babu, and Arun Adiththan. "Tx-FAITH." International Journal of Web Services Research 11, no. 3 (July 2014): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwsr.2014070101.
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A key challenge in B2B and B2C applications involving dynamic composition of workflow activities is to ensure their reliable execution, in view of frequent failures in the internet environment where a composed service is executed. Existing approaches for transactional coordination of composite web services, consider forward and backward recovery alone, in order to maintain consistency in the case of failures. However, while achieving reliable execution, service cancellability is important due to the predominance of long running processes in business applications and frequently changing user requirements and business policies. If the execution of a long running process is not cancelled in the case of a changed requirement, the completion of the process results in wastage of resources and the outcome may no longer be useful. Hence, a transactional coordination framework named as Tx-FAITH is proposed to handle the cancellation recovery under the external interruption and cancellation of transactions. Tx-FAITH considers hierarchically composed web services whose components are recursively nested to form a composition and adapts a coordination approach based on context information. The proposed coordination and recovery approach when tested with 200 simultaneous users and with a database size of 0.35 million records, incurs only 10 seconds to process a request.
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Tcvetkova, Silvia. "STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERSONALITY OF THE HEAD ON HEALTH CARE." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2802695t.
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The Transactional Analysis is a relatively new Bulgarian psycho-dynamic theory, which is successfully used to discover peculiarities and problems in communication and relationships. The contemporary reality of the healthcare system in Bulgaria is characterized by dynamics, administrative changes, new requirements and challenges.Medical staff, in addition to high professional training, needs to have a number of flexible and organizational skills to be able to respond successfully to changing working conditions.The material examines the Ego-structure of the personality of the health care manager and has performed a functional analysis according to the contemporary requirements of labor and management.Discussed are the strengths, weaknesses, risks and opportunities for personal development of the leader in health care with the instruments of Transactional Analysis.
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Chen, Liping, Weitao Ha, and Guojun Zhang. "Reliable Execution Based on CPN and Skyline Optimization for Web Service Composition." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/729769.
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With development of SOA, the complex problem can be solved by combining available individual services and ordering them to best suit user’s requirements. Web services composition is widely used in business environment. With the features of inherent autonomy and heterogeneity for component web services, it is difficult to predict the behavior of the overall composite service. Therefore, transactional properties and nonfunctional quality of service (QoS) properties are crucial for selecting the web services to take part in the composition. Transactional properties ensure reliability of composite Web service, and QoS properties can identify the best candidate web services from a set of functionally equivalent services. In this paper we define a Colored Petri Net (CPN) model which involves transactional properties of web services in the composition process. To ensure reliable and correct execution, unfolding processes of the CPN are followed. The execution of transactional composition Web service (TCWS) is formalized by CPN properties. To identify the best services of QoS properties from candidate service sets formed in the TCSW-CPN, we use skyline computation to retrieve dominant Web service. It can overcome that the reduction of individual scores to an overall similarity leads to significant information loss. We evaluate our approach experimentally using both real and synthetically generated datasets.
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Koutsofios, Eleftherios, Stephen North, and Russ Truscott. "Large scale network visualization with 3D-graphics." Theme: Information landscapes 10, no. 3 (December 31, 2001): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.10.3.04kou.
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Data from large networks, such as a voice telephone network or a residential internet service, must be analysed to see how well the requirements of users are met. Visualization is essential to understand an explain this data. This article describes Swift-3D, a viewer for interactive discovery of patterns and anomalies in large-scale transactional data sets.
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Hu, Tianxun, Tianzheng Wang, and Qingqing Zhou. "Online schema evolution is (almost) free for snapshot databases." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 2 (October 2022): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3565816.3565818.
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Modern database applications often change their schemas to keep up with the changing requirements. However, support for online and transactional schema evolution remains challenging in existing database systems. Specifically, prior work often takes ad hoc approaches to schema evolution with "patches" applied to existing systems, leading to many corner cases and often incomplete functionality. Applications therefore often have to carefully schedule downtimes for schema changes, sacrificing availability. This paper presents Tesseract, a new approach to online and transactional schema evolution without the aforementioned drawbacks. We design Tesseract based on a key observation: in widely used multi-versioned database systems, schema evolution can be modeled as data modification operations that change the entire table, i.e., data-definition-as-modification (DDaM). This allows us to support schema almost "for free" by leveraging the concurrency control protocol. By simple tweaks to existing snapshot isolation protocols, on a 40-core server we show that under a variety of workloads, Tesseract is able to provide online, transactional schema evolution without service downtime, and retain high application performance when schema evolution is in progress.
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Padilla, Rubelyn C. "Assessment of Library Users’ Problems on Transactional Procedures: Basis for Library Management System Development." International Journal of Scientific and Management Research 05, no. 06 (2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2022.5602.
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This research aimed at assessing problems encountered by library users- librarian, staff, students, and teachers- on the different library transactional procedures as basis for the development and design of a Library Management System for Cagayan State University-Piat in the Philippines. The study utilized the descriptive design in determining the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the respondents in using the existing library transactions, and the interventions that can be done to address the problems encountered by the respondents. Findings revealed that the problems encountered by the library users in the manual operations of the library in terms of borrowing, returning and searching library materials are “Very Serious”. On the part of the library staff, the issues on security of records, cataloguing, borrowing, returning, searching, inventory of library materials and generation of reports are considered “Serious”. Using Waterfall Model, the system was developed with the aid of software and hardware requirements. The library system developed “very efficiently” stored the library records in the database secured with password, systematically classified the materials, save time in entering information of library materials, displayed for duplication of accession numbers, monitored the borrowed and returned books, systematically displayed inventory of materials, and saved time in generating accurate library reports. It can be concluded that the proposed library system can provide better and easier access to the different transactions in the library and provide convenience to the library staff and library users in the different transactions.
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Smith, Brian L., David C. Lewis, and Ryan Hammond. "Design of Archival Traffic Databases: Quantitative Investigation into Application of Advanced Data Modeling Concepts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1836, no. 1 (January 2003): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1836-16.
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Given the enormous quantities of data collected by intelligent transportation systems (ITS), transportation professionals recently have focused on developing archived data user services (ADUS) to facilitate efficient use of these data in myriad transportation analyses. Most ITS systems were designed by using a transactional database design, which is not well suited to support the ad hoc queries required by ADUS. Research investigated the application of data-warehousing concepts to better support the requirements of ADUS. A case study is presented in which an ADUS for the Hampton Roads Smart Traffic Center, the regional freeway management system, was redesigned from a transactional approach to one based on data warehousing. Test queries run by using both approaches demonstrated that dramatic increases in efficiency are achievable through the use of data-warehousing concepts in ADUS.
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Dartey-Baah, Kwasi, and Seth Ayisi Addo. "Psychological identification with job: a leadership-OCB mediator." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 548–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-10-2017-1262.
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Purpose This study aims to examine influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on employees’ organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs), as well as the mediating role of job involvement in the Ghanaian hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered from 258 employees in some selected hotels and restaurants in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana through a survey and analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling. Findings The results indicated that both leadership styles influenced employees’ OCBs positively. Furthermore, job involvement positively influenced OCB and mediated between transformational leadership and OCB but not between transactional leadership and employees’ OCBs. Practical implications The study reaffirms the importance of employees’ OCBs and recommends that hotels and restaurants must encourage their supervisors to exhibit more transformational leadership behaviours (motivational, inspirational and visionary behaviours), as well as a combination of transformational and transactional leadership behaviours which can influence their employees to go beyond formal requirements, and get more involved in their jobs to the benefit of the organisations. Originality/value This study reveals the extent to which internal motivations of employees, specifically their job involvement, causes their extra-role behaviours and influences the leaders–OCB relationships from a developing country perspective.
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Mohammed Al-Madani, Yudi Fernando, and Pua Wee Sin. "IMPLICATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN DEPLOYMENT IN ENERGY SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: REPORT INTEGRITY." International Journal of Industrial Management 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.13.1.2022.7365.
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This study aims to investigate literature findings on the current blockchain technology requirement. The obtained findings on blockchain technology requirements and limitations, helps to draw conclusions on the adoption of blockchain technology in energy consumption reporting. Blockchain technology offers transparency of energy consumption reports. Blockchain keeps all the transactional records and guarantees security, and decentralization between the blockchain network. Blockchain technology integration for energy consumption can promote transparency and integrity of energy management reporting. Among the reasons for companies’ reluctance to report energy consumption is non-transparency, the unnecessary cost for the report, and lack of regulation to release an energy consumption report or it is voluntary in best cases. This paper reviewed 121 papers related to the topic and conclusions drawn based on findings of previous literature. Blockchain can help to alleviate the issues of transparency and cost related to energy reporting. Decision and policymakers should offer incentives and include regulations on energy reporting requirements. The reporting should be requested through a blockchain network to guarantee transparency and integrity.
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Gravier, Michael J., and M. Theodore Farris. "The Evolution of Inter-Firm Collaboration in Supply Chain Networks." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 2, no. 3 (July 2012): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2012070101.
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To date, no published study has measured the evolution of supply chain structure and relationships in response to changing product-market development requirements. This research draws upon production literature and exchange governance theory to simulate the interaction of supply and demand environment factors on the growth and development of supply chain relationships. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of different rates of product change, different demand environments, and different economies of scale on the level of integration between firms at different levels in the supply chain. It synthesizes the interrelationships of the simulation variables in order to extend TCA theory into a dynamic network environment by using the CAS paradigm. The study reveals definite patterns of evolution under conditions of differing product-market conditions, it confirms the importance of the balancing transaction and production costs, and it highlights the asymmetries of transactional and production costs in relationships.
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Ghoshal, Abhijeet, Jing Hao, Syam Menon, and Sumit Sarkar. "Hiding Sensitive Information when Sharing Distributed Transactional Data." Information Systems Research 31, no. 2 (June 2020): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0898.
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Although retailers recognize the potential value of sharing transactional data with supply chain partners, many remain reluctant to share. However, there is evidence that the extent of sharing would be greater if information sensitive to retailers can be concealed before sharing. Extant research has only considered sensitive information at the organizational level. This is rarely the case in reality; the retail industry has adapted their offerings to region-wide differences in customer tastes for decades. Differences in customer characteristics across regions lead to region-specific sensitive information in addition to any at the organizational level. This is the first paper to propose an approach to solve this version of the problem. Region-level requirements increase the size of an already difficult (NP-hard) problem substantially, making adaptations of existing approaches impractical. We present an ensemble approach that draws intuition from Lagrangian relaxation to conceal sensitive patterns at the organizational and regional levels with minimal damage to the data set. Extensive computational experiments show that it identifies optimal or near-optimal solutions even when other approaches fail, doing so without any loss in recommendation effectiveness. This mitigates potential risks associated with sharing and should increase data sharing among partners in the supply chain.
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Capponi, Agostino, Xu Sun, and David D. Yao. "A Dynamic Network Model of Interbank Lending—Systemic Risk and Liquidity Provisioning." Mathematics of Operations Research 45, no. 3 (August 2020): 1127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.2019.1025.
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We develop a dynamic model of interbank borrowing and lending activities in which banks are organized into clusters, and adjust their monetary reserve levels to meet prescribed capital requirements. Each bank has its own initial monetary reserve level and faces idiosyncratic risks characterized by an independent Brownian motion, whereas system wide, the banks form a hierarchical structure of clusters. We model the interbank transactional dynamics through a set of interacting measure-valued processes. Each individual process describes the intracluster borrowing/lending activities, and the interactions among the processes capture the intercluster financial transactions. We establish the weak limit of the interacting measure-valued processes as the number of banks in the system grows large. We then use the weak limit to develop asymptotic approximations of two proposed macromeasures (the liquidity stress index and the concentration index), both capturing the dynamics of systemic risk. We use numerical examples to illustrate the applications of the asymptotics and conduct-related sensitivity analysis with respect to various indicators of financial activity.
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Ettazi, Widad, Mahmoud Nassar, and Hatim Hafiddi. "CATS-CAE Reflective Middleware Framework for Adapting Context-Aware Transactional Services." International Journal of Web Services Research 17, no. 2 (April 2020): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwsr.2020040103.
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Pervasive environments are characterized by limited computing resources and wireless connectivity. In parallel, current application domains have variable transactional requirements that do not fit the traditional ACID model. As a result, the pervasive environment characteristics are compelling and cannot be supported by conventional solutions that are typically dedicated to a specific application domain and support a limited set of context parameters. This article aims at providing a complete solution that addresses the challenges of the adaptability of context-aware transactional services “CATS” in pervasive environments. Thus, a new framework CATS-CAE was designed, which offers a comprehensive structure of multiple component chains. The adaptation strategy in CATS-CAE is based on a hybrid approach combining the use of adaptation policies, alternative strategy and behavioral adaptation of composite services through the “Profiled Task Class” concept. A probabilistic model is also presented to support the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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Romo Gonzalez, Ana Eugenia, and Angeles Villalobos-Alonzo. "Implementation of Transactional Planning Systems for the Plastics Industry." Business and Management Research 6, no. 3 (August 18, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v6n3p1.
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Transactional systems are an alternative process improvement for any industrial sector; however, due to the rapid growth of the plastics industry worldwide, this industry requires the automation of production with agile systems. This document presents a procedure to implement transactional tools of the Master Production Schedule (MPS) and Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) for the automation and control of the operations area processes in an organization. These processes are part of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) tools that use connections to mobile devices and are often compatible with different customer support systems, allowing the integration of all business units to interact with the manufacturing control and purchasing. The method used in the research have a quantitative cut in which 15 companies were studied in the plastics sector in Mexico and was divided in three phases, these focused on the revision of the business processes and the analysis of the substantive processes of the organization that allowed the subsequent establishment of proposals for improvement. In the final proposal of implementation of the tool tansaccional included: the functional analysis of the systems, the planning and their evaluation.
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Faisal, Sidra, Mansoor Sarwar, Khurram Shahzad, Shahzad Sarwar, Waqar Jaffry, and Muhammad Murtaza Yousaf. "Temporal and Evolving Data Warehouse Design." Scientific Programming 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7392349.
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The data model of the classical data warehouse (formally, dimensional model) does not offer comprehensive support for temporal data management. The underlying reason is that it requires consideration of several temporal aspects, which involve various time stamps. Also, transactional systems, which serves as a data source for data warehouse, have the tendency to change themselves due to changing business requirements. The classical dimensional model is deficient in handling changes to transaction sources. This has led to the development of various schemes, including evolution of data and evolution of data model and versioning of dimensional model. These models have their own strengths and limitations, but none fully satisfies the above-stated broad range of aspects, making it difficult to compare the proposed schemes with one another. This paper analyses the schemes that satisfy such challenging aspects faced by a data warehouse and proposes taxonomy for characterizing the existing models to temporal data management in data warehouse. The paper also discusses some open challenges.
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Tešendić, Danijela, and Danijela Boberić Krstićev. "Business Intelligence in the Service of Libraries." Information Technology and Libraries 38, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i4.10599.
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This paper describes implementation of business intelligence tools in the libraries. A complete procedure for building a data warehouse is described on the case study of the BISIS library management system. During development of a data warehouse model, user requirements about reporting are detected and structure of already existing transactional databases in the BISIS system is analysed. Based on this analysis, three data warehouse models have been proposed that would satisfy the requirements for analytical processing of data. The paper presents the usage of one OLAP tool, but the proposed data warehouse model is independent of the choice of OLAP tools and any other tool can be integrated with the proposed data warehouse.
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Min, Zhu. "The Importance of Leadership Style Towards Perceived Organizational Politics in China School: A Review of Transactional Leadership." Journal of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (DREAM) 1, no. 05 (October 17, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56982/dream.v1i05.46.
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Leadership is most effectively understood as a social exchange of resources, and as such, leaders are effective to the extent that they can encourage followers to engage in extra-role behaviour that boosts workers' productivity as well as inspire followers to reach or surpass performance requirements. The researcher contends that political skill is one of these crucial abilities that is essential to effective leadership. While effective leadership required extensive political abilities in order to motivate and mobilize individuals to collaborate in order to achieve important goals and objectives. Organizational politics are a fundamental truth that cannot be avoided. Organizational politics in a company take the shape of competition for resources, interpersonal strife, contests for leadership, and tactical influence used by individuals and groups to gain authority, establish personal stature, restrict information access, conceal true objectives, and forge alliances. In this present study, investigation focuses on the transactional leadership styles of school’s principals have relationship towards organizational politics within the climate of the school; the attitudes that teachers have toward leadership; the turnover rate of instructors; and the academic achievements of students. By analyzing the connections between transactional leadership philosophies and organizational politics, this study aims to address these issues. The proposed framework on transactional leadership style and its relationship with perceived organizational politics in China's schools was to understand where each leadership style was applied and how leadership styles are linked to organizational politics in China school. In addition, the future findings will illuminate the situational and contingency theories, paving the way for the next stages of research. Utilizing transactional leadership approaches and enforcing effective organizational politics, principals create conditions that allow for improved leadership on their part. The methodological implications for scholars and policymakers can be taken into account in future studies.
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Burger, Christoph, and Jens Weinmann. "Blockchain Platforms in Energy Markets—A Critical Assessment." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15110516.
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Compared to other applications of distributed ledger technologies, for example, in decentralized finance, non-fungible tokens, and logistics, Blockchain applications in the energy industry have not found widespread dissemination and fell short of market expectations during the Blockchain hype in the late 2010s. In semi-structured qualitative interviews with leading providers in the energy industry, conducted from 2019 to 2021, hurdles in energy applications are compared with a control group of additional interviews with representatives of companies operating in IT and FinTech. The analysis uses a framework covering technical feasibility, desirability, and economic viability, as well as the role of regulatory frameworks. The interviews reveal that the first Blockchain applications suffered from a combination of technological constraints and inter-platform competition. Due to the permissionless configuration of the early energy Blockchains, they were slow in terms of transaction speed compared to existing platforms and prices per transaction were high, in addition to high degrees of complexity related to requirements from both critical-infrastructure systems and financial market regulation. The analysis further points to the slow adoption of Blockchain applications in the energy sector being related to business models rather focusing on products and platforms as well as on transactional rather than procedural use cases, with a high degree of standardization of the offering and low levels of inclusiveness concerning processes. The move from transaction platforms to innovation platforms and the emergence of Blockchain as a service provider—plus technical advances with regards to high-frequency transactions combined with the increasing importance of use cases, such as proof of origin for fuels or e-charging—may induce a shift from pilot applications to commercialization within the larger innovation ecosystem. While the involvement of Blockchain solutions in energy markets increases with pilot projects and with this, the acceptance of players and stakeholders in the energy ecosystem, a big hurdle for innovation remains the regulation of energy markets to allow for peer-to-peer trading, a usage-driven distribution of network costs, and bottom-up pricing markets.
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Rajaram, Kanchana, Chitra Babu, and Arun Adiththan. "Dynamic Transaction Aware Web Service Selection." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 23, no. 03 (August 14, 2014): 1450004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021884301450004x.
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Web service composition, that recursively constructs a composite web service out of the existing services based on a business workflow has been acknowledged as a promising approach to meet the user demands, whenever a single service alone cannot fulfil the needs. In view of frequent failures in the internet environment where the composed service is executed, reliability of the composed service must be ensured. The reliability is determined by the behavioral or transactional properties of component services. The component services for each activity of the workflow must be selected based on their behavior so that their execution results in a consistent termination. Service selection must happen at run-time in order to consider the services available in a service registry at the time of execution. Towards this need, a dynamic transaction aware web service selection approach is proposed in this paper. Further, whenever user requirements change, a long running transaction must be interrupted and cancelled which is not addressed by any of the existing works. Hence, service cancellability property is proposed in this paper and incorporated in the dynamic selection approach. The overhead of the proposed run-time selection approach is assessed and the impact of increased services on its performance is also measured.
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Wambalaba, Francis Wamukota, Akosa E. Wambalaba, Juliana Mulaa Namada, and Paul Katuse. "Experiential Learning for Effective Knowledge Transfer and Mission Achievement." International Journal of Marketing and Sales Education 2, no. 2 (July 2019): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmse.2019070104.
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Traditional university mission statements are multifaceted. The majority focus on fundamentals: teaching, research, and service. Most core values are holistic learning, freedom of expression, and openness. However, recent trends appear to embrace a consumerist “transactional approach” emphasizing competitiveness, superiority, self-interest, and quantifiable quality with students as primary customers. At a time when students are demanding value for money, universities must endeavor to balance private interests with traditional universities' values. Hence, consideration of some form of experiential learning and knowledge transfer in universities' mission statements is expected to enrich student learning, add value to society, and also meet the transactional approach requirements. This paper explores theoretical and conceptual approaches to the learning process including theories, models, and perspectives. The United States International University's experience is used as a case study with reference to integrative learning experiences in the General Education (GE) courses, the Collaborative Active Learning Model (CALM) Approach to Learning, and the Global Executive MBA Program, and the knowledge transfer experiences in the GAME Center Living Lab, the Agent Net Work, and the Entrepreneurial Simulation.
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Subiyanto, Didik, and Susanto. "Apa Peran Jarak Kekuasaan Dalam Hubungan Antara Kepemimpinan Dan Perilaku Ekstra Warga Organisasi?" Coopetition : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32670/coopetition.v12i1.262.
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The extra role of employees will have a very significant impact on the good or bad of the organization. If the extra role of employees is high, it will be an advantage for the organization, and vice versa. The purpose of this study was to examine in depth the role of Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership in Organizations Citizenship Behavior (OCB), by involving Power Distance as moderation. The sample was taken as many as 65 employees from the hotel industry in the Special Region of Yogyakarta who were randomly assigned using the FormsApp.. The collected data were processed using the SPSS program. The processed data has met the data quality requirements. The results of the study provide an explanation that Transformational Leadership has a significant positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), while Transactional Leadership has been empirically confirmed to have a positive effect on a weak level of significance on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Furthermore, the analysis results show that Power Distance as a moderating variable weakens the influence of Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The implication of the results of this study provides a clear picture where if there are human resource management practices that create a wider distance between superiors and subordinates, it will have a negative impact on organizational performance because of the low extra roles that employees have. Therefore the results of this study can provide information and strategic direction in human resource management in an effort to increase the extra role of employees.
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Kobetsky, Michael. "The Transfer-Pricing Profit-Split Method After BEPS: Back to the Future." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 67, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 1077–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2019.67.4.sym.kobetsky.
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In 2018, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Group of Twenty (OECD/G20) Inclusive Framework on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS): action 10 issued revised guidance on the transactional profit-split method. Regrettably, the revised guidance failed to provide the opportunity for the profit-split method to be more often the most appropriate transfer-pricing method. The revised guidance expressly states that the lack of comparable uncontrolled transactions, by itself, is not a basis for the use of the profit-split method. Under the former guidance, the profit-split method was used infrequently. In the revised guidance, the threshold requirements for the use of the profit-split method are still restrictive. Consequently, it is likely that the profit-split method will rarely be the most appropriate transfer-pricing method. Nevertheless, the residual profit-split method is being considered for BEPS action 1, on the taxation of the digital economy. Two of the proposals under pillar 1 of the Inclusive Framework's 2019 short policy note involve the use of the residual profit-split method to allocate profits. These proposals involve new profit allocation rules that go beyond the arm's-length principle.
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KRUFT, TOBIAS, and ALEXANDER KOCK. "TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE CATEGORISATION OF CORPORATE INCUBATORS: EVIDENCE FROM CLUSTER ANALYSIS." International Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 08 (December 2019): 1940002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919619400024.
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Established companies are increasingly challenged to expand their innovation development capabilities and to align them to increasingly ambidextrous requirements. A currently popular way for companies to meet these requirements is corporate incubators. Successfully designing such units imposes specific challenges on companies, which results in large numbers of different corporate incubator types spanning a wide range of activities. This group of very different incubation concepts is not only very difficult to manage from a practical perspective, it is also complex to reliably explore from a research perspective. In this study, we therefore examine how incubators can be comprehensively categorised and how different objectives and strategies relate to corporate incubator performance. Results from cluster and regression analysis of a sample of incubators from 14 different industries reveal 16 clusters dependent on five objective and five strategy criteria. The criteria have a diverse relation to performance which can be explained using transactional distance theory.
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Pettersen, Inger Johanne, Kari Nyland, and Geraldine Robbins. "Public procurement performance and the challenge of service complexity – the case of pre-hospital healthcare." Journal of Public Procurement 20, no. 4 (July 2, 2020): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-01-2020-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the links between contextual changes, contract arrangements and resultant problems when changes in outsourcing regulatory requirements are applied to complex pre-hospital services previously characterized by relational contracting. Design/methodology/approach The study deployed a qualitative design based on interviews with key informants and extensive studies of documents. It is a longitudinal study of a procurement process taking place in a regional health authority covering the period 2006 to 2017. Findings A complex and longitudinal public procurement process where pre-hospital (ambulance) services are transformed from relational and outsourced governance to more formal arrangements based on legal and transactional controls, is described in detail. After several years, the process collapsed due to challenges following public scrutiny, legal actions and administrative staff resignations. The public body lacked procurement competencies and the learning process following the regulations was lengthy. In the end, the services were in-sourced. Research limitations/implications This study is based on one case and it should, therefore, not be generalized without limitations. Practical implications One practical implication of this study is that transactional contracts are not optimal when core and complex services are produced in inter-organizational settings. In public sector health-care contexts, the role of informal and social controls based on relational exchanges are particularly applicable. Social implications Acute health-care services essential to citizens’ security and health imply high asset specificity, frequency and uncertainty. Such transactions should according to theory be produced in-house because of high agency costs in the procurement process. Originality/value The paper contributes to the understanding of how the public procurement process can itself be complex, as managerial challenges and solutions vary along several dimensions and are contingent upon external factors. In particular, the study increases knowledge of why the design and implementation of outsourcing models may create problems that impede and obstruct control in a particular public sector context.
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Winkelmann, Zachary K., and Lindsey E. Eberman. "Athletic Training Students' Perspectives and Performance When Learning Online." Athletic Training Education Journal 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-61-19.
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Context Technology continues to change throughout the world, and higher education is not absent from the adjustment. Athletic training educators should adapt to online learning opportunities that enhance the curriculum for their students. Objective To explore athletic training students' thoughts and knowledge when learning through a distance education platform. Design Cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey. Setting Six professional postbaccalaureate athletic training programs. Patients or Other Participants A total of 55 second-year athletic training students. Intervention(s) One-week asynchronous eLearning module focused on the background and use of telemedicine in health care. Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed the technology acceptance model tool before and after the module to gather their perspectives about online learning. During the eLearning module, knowledge acquisition was assessed with quizzes. Finally, a transactional distance theory tool including 2 open-ended response items was delivered at the end of the eLearning module. Results We identified that participants had a low acceptance for technology at the onset of the study that improved after the eLearning intervention for the constructs of self-efficacy (P = .010) and perceived ease of use (P ≤ .001) of eLearning technologies. The transactional distance tool highlighted that the facilitator and readings were helpful, which was also indicative of the scores on the module quizzes. We also identified benefits to eLearning from the student perspective, which included previous experiences, learning on their own time, and feelings that the module was productive to their growth as students. Some participants stated that the eLearning module presented too much work and was missing interaction, whereas others were neutral relative to the comparison between traditional and online learning. Conclusions Overall, the results of this study identified that technology acceptance and transactional distance are important components of online learning. Athletic training educators should educate learners regarding the differences in online education requirements.
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SHAMIR, GADI, MICHAEL BEN-OR, and DANNY DOLEV. "A SAFE AND SCALABLE PAYMENT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRADE OF ELECTRONIC CONTENT." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 07, no. 04 (December 1998): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843098000167.
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BARTER (a Backbone ARchitecture for Trade of ElectRonic content) is a payment infrastructure that facilitates digital content trade over an open network. BARTER is designed to operate over a large-scale, global and heterogeneous communication network. The BARTER protocols address two vital requirements, neglected from existing electronic commerce systems: scalability and transactional efficiency. These protocols possess strong properties such as delivery atomicity, agreement validation and the ability to resolve several classes of disputes. BARTER's novelty is twofold: First, BARTER servers are not required to perform expensive cryptographic operations such as commitment verification; commitments are cross-verified by the parties themselves, thus reducing the overhead of online transaction processing by orders of magnitude. Consequently, BARTER can serve as an efficient online/offline clearing infrastructure. Second, BARTER integrates scalability considerations into several system components (the authentication subsystem, the account management subsystem, and the maintenance of global data) that are likely to suffer service degradation in a world-wide setting. In addressing these issues, BARTER takes into account the inherent asynchronous, unreliable, insecure and failure-prone environment assumptions. We contend that by employing service distribution, BARTER is expected to scale well, meeting the demands of a world-wide setting, over which it is intended to operate.
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Fortier, Anne-Marie. "Afterword: Interrogating naturalisation, naturalised uncertainty and anxious states." Ethnicities 21, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687968211001626.
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This afterword addresses four broad questions raised by this special issue: uncertainty as a mode of governance, the ontological politics of naturalisation, the citizen-noncitizen distinction, and performative (anxious) states. First, taking uncertainty as a mode of neoliberal governance as the starting point of analysis, this afterword invites the scrutiny of the ways in which the artifice and uncertainty of citizenship are concealed or rendered irrelevant in naturalisation processes. Second, the contributions to this special issue consider naturalisation as a social and political process, rather than solely as a legal status. Pushing this conception further, this afterword considers naturalisation as transactional in two ways: on the one hand, migrants navigate a number of formal and informal requirements and ‘tests’, where some transactions are needed along the way, be they financial, practical, or symbolic. On the other hand, transactions will also occur in the translation of political ideology into policy. Third, naturalisation regimes both blur and reify the citizen-noncitizen and the citizen-migrant distinctions. Distinctions which this afterword unpacks by unravelling the assumed separation between citizenship and migration. How are citizens and migrants migratised? How are migrants and citizens citizenised? Fourth, a further element of the analysis concerns how state-citizen relations are enacted and by extension, how the state itself is ‘made up’ and ‘anxious’. The affective politics of ‘anxious states’ are telling of the frames of desire of naturalisation, which are founded on a threefold principle: the desirability of citizenship, the desire for desirable citizens, and the desirability of the state itself.
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C, Muthuvelayutham, and Sugantha lakshm T. "The impact of enterprise systems in management decision making." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2012.8.
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An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is composed of a basic transactional system and a management control system. Sammon et al. (2003) describesthese 2 components of ERP systems as the solution to “operational” integration problems and “informational” requirements of managers. Thus, the extreme standardisation of business process inherent in ERP systems creates huge volumes of data without providing a clue for how to exploit it and may therefore not beneficial from a decision-making point of view. In this paper, decision-making theory and models are reviewed, focusing on how an ERP implementation might impact on these constructs. This paper is an analysis about centralisation of decision making in an organisation and its impact on performance at a local level.
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McKenny, Paige, and Catherine Anderson. "Quality with integrity: Working in partnership to conduct a program review." International Journal for Students as Partners 3, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v3i2.3757.
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Quality assurance processes often include reductive quantitative metrics that view higher education through a neoliberal lens. This paper reports on a student-faculty partnership that conducted a quality review of an undergraduate program at a large research university and shows that working in partnership brings integrity and constructive complexity to the quality assurance process. The partnership laid the groundwork for realistic enhancements in the undergraduate program by weaving multiple, authentic perspectives from student and faculty stakeholders into the review. The authors also experienced profound growth in their sense of connection to each other and to the university community. These outcomes suggest that conducting quality assurance in partnership can destabilize traditional power structures and disrupt a transactional understanding of faculty-student relationships, while also satisfying regulatory requirements.
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Volkovskyi, O., M. Pachevskyi, and E. Obydennyj. "Concept of digital voting based on the Blockchain technology." System technologies 6, no. 137 (December 10, 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-6-137-2021-02.
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Democratic voting is one of the most popular methods of resolving socially important issues in developed countries. The most common method of voting is the paper system. This method has certain disadvantages, including technical (falsifications, calculation errors, lack of transparency), social and economic (high cost to the budget). Electronic voting systems have not become widespread due to security issues, verification of results or incorrect operation of software [1, 2]. Blockchain technology offers new opportunities to develop completely different types of digital services due to the key features of this technology, such as transparency and security of the data transfer process. Developers have the opportunity to bring the voting system to a new information technology level that meets modern requirements. The use of smart contracts in combination with blockchain technology will help solve most of the existing problems of modern voting systems Blockchain technology is based on a transactional model. The principle of operation of blockchain technology is shown in Pic. 1. Each user has his "wallet" with unique public / private keys, which confirm any action of the user. Transactions (agreement, shipment), which are carried out by all users of the system, are stored in successive blocks. Since the hash of the data of the previous block is used when generating the next, the consistency of the data within the blockchain is ensured.
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Rosário, Albérico Travassos. "E-Mail Marketing." International Journal of Online Marketing 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2021100104.
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Email marketing is a considerable development and includes direct emails, transactional emails, and email newsletters to attract new customers and retain existing ones. This research paper aims to identify and synthesize literature on the effectiveness of email marketing and potential challenges affecting its proper implementation. The research establishes that businesses in the current business environment recognize email marketing's capacity to produce a higher return on investment and generate more sales than traditional marketing channels, such as television. The adoption of permission-based email marketing enables establishing strong relationships between companies and their target audiences, developing emotional, conative, and cognitive responses to the distributed messages. Therefore, salespersons should ensure compliance with legal requirements in email marketing and develop effective strategies of reducing spam emails to avoid negative impressions and increase response rates.
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Hyla, Tomasz, and Jerzy Pejaś. "eHealth Integrity Model Based on Permissioned Blockchain." Future Internet 11, no. 3 (March 24, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11030076.
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(1) Background: Large eHealth systems should have a mechanism to detect unauthorized changes in patients’ medical documentation, access permissions, and logs. This is due to the fact that modern eHealth systems are connected with many healthcare providers and sites. (2) Methods: Design-science methodology was used to create an integrity-protection service model based on blockchain technology. Based on the problem of transactional transparency, requirements were specified and a model was designed. After that, the model’s security and performance were evaluated. (3) Results: a blockchain-based eHealth integrity model for ensuring information integrity in eHealth systems that uses a permissioned blockchain with off-chain information storage was created. In contrast to existing solutions, the proposed model allows information removal, which in many countries’ eHealth systems is a legal requirement, and is based on a blockchain using the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant algorithm. (4) Conclusion: A blockchain can be used to store medical data or only security-related data. In the proposed model, a blockchain is mainly used to implement a data-integrity service. This service can be implemented using other mechanisms, but a blockchain provides a solution that does not require trusted third parties, works in a distributed eHealth environment, and supports document removal.
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Cornejo-Valderrama, Carolina Genoveva, Eduardo Segundo Olivera-Rivera, Nancy Fabiola Lepe-Martínez, and Rubén Vidal-Espinoza. "Percepción de los agentes educativos respecto de la atención a la diversidad en establecimientos educativos." Revista Electrónica Educare 21, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.21-3.17.
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This article aims to know the perception of educational agents in relation to the attention to diversity in educational establishments in the villages of Talca and Curicó (Chile). The sample was made up of 446 education professionals, grouped into managers, classroom teachers, and professionals in counseling for children and youth with special educational needs. The method implemented was non-experimental, for descriptive purposes, transactional, and a questionnaire was used as instrument for collecting information. The analysis of the information was done through frequency tables. As a conclusion, it can be said that educational agents have a favorable perception in relation to the attention to diversity; the concept of diversity is seen as an enriching element that allows flexibility of the curriculum, the interdisciplinary work, adjustment of the curricular requirements to the needs of students to generate learning opportunities for all students.
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Sholeh, M. Asrorun Niam. "Political Promises in the Lens of Islamic Theology and Jurisprudence: A Case Study of Surabaya Mayor Election 2020." Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 28, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.28.2.6985.
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This research studied the status of political promises declared by Mayor candidates of Surabaya election 2020 during their campaigns started from September 26, 2020. It was field-library research with qualitative analysis. Data were collected by observing online media that particularly reports the election's campaign activities. They were then analyzed by using Islamic theology and jurisprudence approaches combined with structural-functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and social contract theories. It found four main remarks: first, Quranic verses and Prophetic traditions as theological underpinnings have definitely guided moral standards of Islamic politics, especially how to make such political promises. Secondly, the political realism of promises is a language of transactional politics and communication practice. Thirdly, political promises could only be legitimated by fulfilling strike pre-requirements and within very urgent conditions. Finally, the legal status of political promises must be contextual and conditional.
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Gillespie, John. "Localizing Global Rules: Public Participation in Lawmaking in Vietnam." Law & Social Inquiry 33, no. 03 (2008): 673–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00118.x.
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As the pace of legal harmonization in developing East Asian states increases to comply with international trading treaties, a disjunction is forming between legislative expectations and everyday business practices. Evidence considered in this article suggests that Vietnam is no exception. State control over public discourse favors the interests of business elites, while small-scale entrepreneurs struggle to make their views known. Lawmakers exposed to this asymmetric discourse rarely adjust global legal rules to suit the transactional requirements of small-scale entrepreneurs. As a consequence, the largely imported commercial legislative framework is increasingly reflecting the interests of business elites. The article concludes that for the state to develop a more inclusive regulatory regime, it needs to relax its control over public deliberation and give small-scale entrepreneurs more opportunities to convey local precepts and practices to lawmakers.
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Austin, Roger, and Florian Mendlick. "E-mail in modern language development." ReCALL 5, no. 9 (November 1993): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000004079.
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Although there is now a growing volume of literature on the role of electronic mail in schools, relatively little has been published about the specific value to modern language teachers of using such technology. In the few cases where projects have been described, it is claimed that such links are ‘valuable’ (NCET, 1991), with an implication that school age students are able to go beyond ‘mere transactional language’ to develop ‘more creative use of language’. This paper describes a language project which began from the premise that for teachers to embark on e-mail, with its additional costs, new approaches to classroom learning and training requirements, it would be essential to establish what realistic learning improvements might be expected. To look closely at the ‘cost-benefit’ ratio was felt to be particularly important in the context of increasingly tight budgetary control in schools.
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Rehrmann, Robin, Carsten Binnig, Alexander Böhm, Kihong Kim, and Wolfgang Lehner. "Sharing opportunities for OLTP workloads in different isolation levels." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13, no. 10 (June 2020): 1696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3401960.3401967.
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OLTP applications are usually executed by a high number of clients in parallel and are typically faced with high throughput demand as well as a constraint latency requirement for individual statements. Interestingly, OLTP workloads are often read-heavy and comprise similar query patterns, which provides a potential to share work of statements belonging to different transactions. Consequently, OLAP techniques for sharing work have started to be applied also to OLTP workloads, lately. In this paper, we present an approach for merging read statements within interactively submitted multi-statement transactions consisting of reads and writes. We first define a formal framework for merging transactions running under a given isolation level and provide insights into a prototypical implementation of merging within a commercial database system. In our experimental evaluation, we show that, depending on the isolation level, the load in the system and the read-share of the workload, an improvement of the transaction throughput by up to a factor of 2.5X is possible without compromising the transactional semantics.
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Nasser El-Dine, Sandra. "Love, Materiality, and Masculinity in Jordan." Men and Masculinities 21, no. 3 (April 4, 2018): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17748174.
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This article discusses how performing masculinity in intimate relationships is related to the material dimensions of love. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork among middle-class young men and women in the Jordanian capital of Amman, I argue that to understand the continuing significance of the material aspects of marriage, it is important to pay attention to local notions of practical and transactional forms of love. Contributing to emerging scholarship on “caring” Arab masculinities, this article shows how material forms of care are integral to local relationship dynamics. Yet, in the context of the current economic situation in Jordan, the resources of many young men are limited, and they find themselves in a difficult position, both as compassionate partners and as manly men. Hence, they negotiate the entanglements of love and money by associating “true love” with their female partner’s willingness to compromise on the material requirements of marriage.
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Fraedrich, Laura, and Andrew Bisbas. "US Customs Rulings Highlight Importance of Arm’s Length Valuation Requirement." Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 6 (June 1, 2021): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021029.
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Companies that import merchandise into the United States must exercise reasonable care when determining the dutiable value of the merchandise they are entering, calculating duties owed on the shipment based on that dutiable value and applicable duty rates, and submitting payment for total duties owed to US Customs. In doing so, importers must properly apply the valuation statute and associated guidance to the circumstances of their transaction to minimize tariff liability and avoid penalties for providing inaccurate information to US Customs. In multi-tiered transactions that involve related parties, there are multiple transactions that can potentially serve as a basis for valuation of a given entry. Furthermore, the arm’s length requirement must be satisfied to render transactions between related parties usable for valuation purposes. The two recent US Customs rulings discussed in this article show that in the context of multi-tiered transactions, importers have the opportunity to limit tariff liability on imports of commercial merchandise so long as they properly apply the valuation statute. The discussion underscores the practical importance of satisfying the arm’s length requirement for transactions between related parties and clearly presenting the associated legal reasoning and documentation to US Customs. Arm’s Length, Valuation, Appraisal, Transaction Value, First Sale, Related Party Transaction, Reasonable Care, Dutiable Value, Duty Liability, Tariff Liability, Transfer Pricing
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Lin, Fei, Wan Jun Zhang, and Yong Sun. "Towards Learning Web Service Applied to Heterogenous Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1947.
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The widespread adoption of broadband Internet connections has led to a fast growth of applying web-based learning systems (LS) to education, LS becomes more important in e-learning and future education. LS provides a centralized environment where learners can study, communicate, etc. With the Internets growth, various learning contents and different LSs are distributed independently. Thus, managing the distributed information and implementing interoperability between learning contents and LSs are more challenging. Web services are the most innovative and well-established technology for communications between heterogeneous applications. This paper proposes the architectural model for sharing learning contents between heterogeneous systems. It includes requirements analysis, sharable learning contents format definition, and model design. Sharable learning contents is defined based on the concept of learning object and implemented in the favor of transactional memory. The model is divided into five modules for different tasks, which implements maximum reuse of high-quality educational resources on web conveniently.
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Wiedl, Karl H. "Dynamic Testing: A Comprehensive Model and Current Fields of Application." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 3, no. 2 (January 2003): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/194589503787383055.
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In the introductory section of the paper, some general issues of Dynamic Testing (DT) are addressed: conceptualizations of performance change within a formal theory of psychological testing, a proposition on how to define DT, basic paradigms of applying the approach, and some recent historical trends. In the next section, the question of what happens during DT in terms of psychological processes is discussed. With regard to this question, a transactional model is presented where performance and performance change is conceptualized as being related to variations in aspects of a task, the person, and the mode of intervention. Several studies are presented to illustrate differentiations of the model. Its applicability is further demonstrated by recent studies in schizophrenia research, revealing strong differences between the patients in responsivity to intervention and underlining the salience of these characteristics for clinical and rehabilitational issues. Concluding remarks focus on specific requirements of basic and applied research in DT and the need to increase the implementation of DT in the professional community.