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Sihotang, Hotmaulina, and Chontina Siahaan. "Effectiveness of Transactional Communication in the Implementation of Collegiate Curriculum." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9732.
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The interaction between lecturers and students will be effective if delivered through transactional communication so that they can mutually encode and decode what is communicated about learning. In today’s development of the era of digital communication technology, students tend to get instant learning resources by using their gadgets instead of communicating with their lecturers. The implementation of collegiate curriculum refers to the Indonesian national qualification framework (KKNI) which will be effective with the student centered learning (SCL) approach. Lecturers act as active facilitators and students are active, mutually meaningful communication occurs so that the application of collegiate curriculum can be effectively achieved. The purpose of this study is to have description about how transactional communication is implemented in achieving learning effectiveness. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study research approach. The research paradigm is constructivism. The theories used are cognitive theory and behavioral theory. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Collegiate Curriculum, namely planning, implementation, learning and learning outcomes are effective by using transactional communication
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Susilaningrum, Rekawati, Sri Utami, and Susilorini Susilorini. "DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION MODEL FOR MIDWIFE AND POSTPARTUM MOTHER ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING." Jurnal Ners 12, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v12i1.3774.
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Introduction. Exclusive breastfeeding has become a major issue in Surabaya because the number of exclusive breastfeeding coverage are less than 80% which is below the national target. The purpose of this study was to develop a transactional communication model based on management between midwife and postpartum mother on exclusive breastfeeding. Method. The design used in this study was cross-sectional with 175 postpartum mothers in public health center Surabaya as the samples that recruited by purposive sampling. Questionnaires were used as instrument and data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical test and Partial Least Square (PLS). Result. The result showed that predisposing factors and enabling factors were able to improve the practice of exclusive breastfeeding directly or indirectly by transactional communication with t-table (>1.96). However, reinforcing factors could not directly improve the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. This study indicates that practice of exclusive breastfeeding could be improved with transactional communication based on human interaction theory. Discussion and conclusion. The implementation of transactional communication between midwife and mother would be able to optimize the predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Cerrone, Mirko, and Nelly Mäekivi. "A zoosemiotic approach to the transactional model of communication." Semiotica 2021, no. 242 (August 11, 2021): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2020-0052.
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Abstract The analysis of social communication in other-than-human animals poses several theoretical challenges due to the complexity of individual and extra-individual variables. Some previous studies have found a valuable solution in Uexküll’s work by expanding and adapting its usage for the study of communication in a heurtistic manner. An Umwelt analysis provides a theoretical toolbox, which allows researchers to take an emic perspective on the lives and phenomenal world of other animals. However, Umwelt and its elaborations do not allow for a clear distinction between acts of perception and communication and seem to ignore factors that escape the specific communication contexts under analysis. Thus, moving away from the existing linear and cyclical approaches to communication, we propose a complementary approach to the study of social communication by combining Barnlund’s transactional model of communication with Umwelt theory and the functional circle more specifically. Our elaborated model conceives social communication as the process of creating meaning through the interaction of two (or more) subjects and emphasizes the role of species-specific and individual features in its creation. Our goal is to re-evaluate the research on social communication of other-than-human animals by advocating for the theoretical and empirical potential of Umwelt, especially pertaining to animals with complex Umwelten. Our model offers a valuable solution to the analysis of intraspecies communication that accounts for the role of private and public cues as well as the subjects’ specific behaviors, messages, and context in the creation of meaning.
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Busch, Costas, Maurice Herlihy, Miroslav Popovic, and Gokarna Sharma. "Time-communication impossibility results for distributed transactional memory." Distributed Computing 31, no. 6 (November 29, 2017): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00446-017-0318-y.
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Yusnaini, Yusnaini, and Eraskaita Ginting. "Community-Based Chinese Verbal Communication and Ethnic Malay in Jambi City." Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jssp.v4i1.4710.
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This research departs from the curiosity of researchers related to the interaction process in intercultural communication, which is mostly influenced by differences in culture. Realizing excellent or effective communication with different cultural backgrounds, not as difficult as imagined and not as easy as many people think. When communicating and interacting in different cultures, many things must be considered and allow for misunderstandings. This study focused on verbal communication by using the theory of symbolic interaction to sharpen the analysis of verbal communication of ethnic Chinese and Malay ethnicity in controlling conflict in Jambi City. Data collection techniques included participant observer/observation, observation without participation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study found a model of verbal communication that occurred between Chinese and Malay ethnic groups, namely the transactional model consisting of several components, namely language and how to speak. To realize effective communication, language, and ways of speaking have an essential role in capturing and conveying messages and symbols in verbal communication carried out.
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Woynaroski, Tiffany, Paul J. Yoder, Marc E. Fey, and Steven F. Warren. "A Transactional Model of Spoken Vocabulary Variation in Toddlers With Intellectual Disabilities." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 5 (October 2014): 1754–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0252.
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Purpose The authors examined (a) whether dose frequency of milieu communication teaching (MCT) affects children's canonical syllabic communication and (b) whether the relation between early canonical syllabic communication and later spoken vocabulary is mediated by parental linguistic mapping in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). Method The authors drew on extant data from a recent differential treatment intensity study in which 63 toddlers with ID were randomly assigned to receive either five 1-hr MCT sessions per week (i.e., daily treatment) or one 1-hr MCT session per week (i.e., weekly treatment) for 9 months. Children's early canonical syllabic communication was measured after 3 months of treatment, and later spoken vocabulary was measured at posttreatment. Midpoint parental linguistic mapping was measured after 6 months of treatment. Results A moderate-sized effect in favor of daily treatment was observed on canonical syllabic communication. The significant relation between canonical syllabic communication and spoken vocabulary was partially mediated by linguistic mapping. Conclusions These results suggest that canonical syllabic communication may elicit parental linguistic mapping, which may in turn support spoken vocabulary development in children with ID. More frequent early intervention boosted canonical syllabic communication, which may jump-start this transactional language-learning mechanism. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
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Kastenbaum, Robert, and Sharon Thuell. "Cookies Baking, Coffee Brewing: Toward a Contextual Theory of Dying." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 31, no. 3 (November 1995): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lqpx-71de-v5aa-epft.
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Tolstoi's novel The Death of Ivan Ilych provides an instructive, though fictional case history of individual and family suffering. A contrasting actual case history is presented here in which a visiting nurse was asked to help an elderly woman care for her terminally ill husband at home. Husband and wife were both of Russian heritage. The experiences of the Ilych's and the Tchinsky's are compared with respect to the dimensions of consciousness, pain, communication network, relationship, life value, at-home services, and the nature of the dying person's physical being as a transactional symbol. These observations are then examined with respect to current theoretical approaches to understanding the process of dying. The usefulness and limitations of these theories are briefly examined. The dying person's physical being and its symbolic construction and communication are relatively neglected by current theories. A suggestion is made for the development of a contextual theory of dying that would be more inclusive, integrated, and helpful to caregivers.
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Tcvetkova, Silvia. "STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERSONALITY OF THE HEAD ON HEALTH CARE." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2802695t.
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The Transactional Analysis is a relatively new Bulgarian psycho-dynamic theory, which is successfully used to discover peculiarities and problems in communication and relationships. The contemporary reality of the healthcare system in Bulgaria is characterized by dynamics, administrative changes, new requirements and challenges.Medical staff, in addition to high professional training, needs to have a number of flexible and organizational skills to be able to respond successfully to changing working conditions.The material examines the Ego-structure of the personality of the health care manager and has performed a functional analysis according to the contemporary requirements of labor and management.Discussed are the strengths, weaknesses, risks and opportunities for personal development of the leader in health care with the instruments of Transactional Analysis.
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Mikke Setiawati and Afdal Makkuraga Putra. "Pola Komunikasi Komunitas di Media Sosial Dalam Menciptakan Minat Entepreneur." Communications 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/communications.4.1.3.
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There is Xbank community with members of former financial employees which scattered throughout Indonesia. Interesting to examine, especially is one of Xbank activity,‘da'wah’ thru social media about ‘riba’ Patterns of communication of the Xbank community on Instagram in creating an entrepreneurial culture, with Alfred Schutz's phenomenological theory, constructivism philosophical paradigm with qualitative phenomenological approaches. Data collection obtained through in-depth interviews with ten informants consisting of the main informants who are the core management of the Xbank Indonesia community and supporting informants, namely followers of IG@Xbank.indonesia, was also carried out observation on Instagram account @Xbank.Indonesia. Based on the results of research and data analysis there are several motives for followers of following @Xbank.Indonesia Instagram account, through motives that refer to the past (because-motive), survive, religious, find out, studying, bad experience. refers to future motives (in-order-to motive), that is ‘Da'wah’, motivation, share experiences, following ‘the hijrah’, blessed sustenance, and out of usury. Typification @Xbank.Indonesia followers in this research are; first, fighter followers (Followers who have resigned from banking). Second, ordinary followers (followers who are still working in banking), Third, common followers (followers with backgrounds outside banking). Based on the concept of the communication model from @Xbank.indonesia Instagram account, it describes transactional communication. The communication pattern of the Xbank Indonesia community on Instagram is a pattern of all work-based channels.
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Peechara, Ravinder Rao, and Sucharita V. "A chaos theory inspired, asynchronous two-way encryption mechanism for cloud computing." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (August 9, 2021): e628. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.628.
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Data exchange over the Internet and other access channels is on the rise, leads to the insecurity of consequences. Many experiments have been conducted to investigate time-efficient and high-randomized encryption methods for the data. The latest studies, however, have still been debated because of different factors. The study outcomes do not yield completely random keys for encryption methods that are longer than this. Prominent repetition makes the processes predictable and susceptible to assaults. Furthermore, recently generated keys need recent algorithms to run at a high volume of transactional data successfully. In this article, the proposed solutions to these two critical issues are presented. In the beginning, one must use the chaotic series of events for generating keys is sufficient to obtain a high degree of randomness. Moreover, this work also proposes a novel and non-traditional validation test to determine the true randomness of the keys produced from a correlation algorithm. An approximate 100% probability of the vital phase over almost infinitely long-time intervals minimizes the algorithms’ complexity for the higher volume of data security. It is suggested that these algorithms are mainly intended for cloud-based transactions. Data volume is potentially higher and extremely changeable 3% to 4% of the improvement in data transmission time with suggested algorithms. This research has the potential to improve communication systems over ten years by unblocking decades-long bottlenecks.
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Kurbanova, N. Sh. "ISSUES OF COMMUNICATION WITH THE PEOPLE: STATE INFORMATION POLICY AND THE MEDIA." EurasianUnionScientists 11, no. 5(74) (June 14, 2020): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.11.74.810.
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It is well known that today modern information technologies have penetrated into all sectors of society and have made a unique turn in human life.This caused various risks in various areas of public life in addition to work efficiency.As we know, information has become a negative, sometimes positive force, affecting human thinking in various directions, one way or another turning the life and destiny of mankind.Therefore, the role of state information policy in the effective use of communication technologies with the public, the information society, the need of citizens in information and political processes, the study of theoretical methodologies for studying the functions and functions of the media.In this context, the article analyzes the role of state information policy in the development of the modern information society, as well as new ways and means of usingtechnology to shape public opinion.It also describes the reforms undertaken in Uzbekistan to address these issues.In addition, foreign experience in the field of transactional media communications and interpersonal relationships was studied, as well as a theoretical study of new multimedia technologies.In particular, theories that include macroanalytical terms regarding communication infrastructure, technologies and their interaction with society -the theory of media systems and the processing of social information, as well as interactive communication and society.
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Nordin, Norazah, Helmi Norman, Mohamed Amin Embi, Ahmad Zamri Mansor, and Fazilah Idris. "Factors for Development of Learning Content and Task for MOOCs in an Asian Context." International Education Studies 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n5p48.
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<p class="apa">The rapid advancement of emergent learning technologies has led to the introduction of massive open online courses (MOOCs) which offer open-based online learning courses to a large number of students. In line with the advancement, the Malaysia Ministry of Education has recently initiated Malaysia MOOCs via collaboration with four public universities. This paper proposes factors that could be used in development of MOOC learning content, which are: (i) type of MOOC, (ii) type of video lectures, (iii) integration of cultural aspects in video lectures, (iv) communication style in video lectures; and (v) humor effect in video lectures. The paper also proposes factors in developing MOOC learning tasks, namely: (i) structure of learning tasks; (ii) dialog in learning tasks; (iii) learner autonomy in learning tasks; (iv) social settings of learning tasks; and (v) transactional distance of learning tasks. The factors are based on experiences during development of MOOC for ethnic relations and are aligned with learning concepts and strategies such as the transactional distance theory and the theory of the computer model of a sense of humor. Future directions on the development and research on MOOCs are also proposed.</p>
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Schneider, Andreas, and Tobias Schröder. "Ideal Types of Leadership as Patterns of Affective Meaning." Social Psychology Quarterly 75, no. 3 (July 5, 2012): 268–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272512446755.
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We propose that macro-level ideal types of leadership, as described in the classic work of Max Weber and reflected in the contemporary management literature, are mirrored in micro-level affective meanings. Within Osgood’s three-dimensional affective space, we identify specific patterns corresponding to leadership styles: people evaluate authoritative/transactional leadership as positive, powerful, and neither passive nor active. Charismatic/transformational leadership is perceived as equally positive and powerful but involves a much higher degree of activity-arousal. Finally, coercive leadership is negative, powerful, and active. Based on Heise’s cybernetic symbolic-interactionist affect control theory, we compare cultural representations of business managers in the United States and Germany at different points in time. We demonstrate a shift from transactional to charismatic leadership in the U.S. manager stereotype and a contrasting consolidation of coercive leadership expectations in Germany. We discuss implications for (1) cross-cultural communication and (2) affective meaning as indicator of social change.
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Ojala, Maria, and Hans Bengtsson. "Young People’s Coping Strategies Concerning Climate Change: Relations to Perceived Communication With Parents and Friends and Proenvironmental Behavior." Environment and Behavior 51, no. 8 (March 20, 2018): 907–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518763894.
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Taking its departure in the transactional theory of coping and socialization theories, this questionnaire study investigates how coping with climate change among late adolescents ( N = 705) relates to proenvironmental behavior and communication with significant others about societal problems. Deemphasizing the problem was negatively associated with proenvironmental behavior, whereas problem-focused and meaning-focused coping were positively associated with proenvironmental behavior. Two communication patterns with fathers, mothers, and friends were identified: one solution oriented and supportive, and one dismissive and doom-and-gloom oriented. The positive patterns correlated positively with problem-focused and meaning-focused coping, whereas the negative patterns correlated positively with deemphasizing. Communication with fathers was particularly important in explaining deemphasizing and problem-focused coping. A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis showed that coping mediates the effects of communication patterns on behavior, whereas problem-focused coping mediates the influence of other coping strategies on behavior. The study demonstrates the importance of considering coping as a factor in the socialization of proenvironmental behavior.
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Madan, Anishya Obhrai, and Srishti Madan. "Attracting millennial talent: a signal theory perspective." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-01-2018-0009.
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PurposeOn the basis of an exploratory research, the purpose of this paper is to identify the criteria used by new entrants to the workforce (specifically premium millennial talent) while making job choices.Design/methodology/approachUsing signal theory, the study attempts to explore what drives prospective millennial candidates to apply to a particular job role by identifying the components that form the initial anticipatory psychological contract (iAPC) of millennial talent from a tier-1 technological school in India and the factors that drive their job application intent. It is an exploratory study which uses survey data from 335 respondents.FindingsThe study identifies the critical components of the iAPC of this set of talent. It highlights the transactional approach of this cohort to evaluate prospective job roles.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is based on an exploratory study which was carried out in a single school in India and may be used as a concept for designing and implementing more generalized studies using standardized tools of measurement in the future. The study highlights the fact that this cohort attends to the transactional components of the signals sent out by recruiters to a larger extent than to other kinds of signals which may be communicated by employers. HR communication strategies for connecting with this set may emphasize the unique employment proposition to potential recruits using the findings from this study to better engage with this cohort.Practical implicationsThe current research gives indications on the components of the iAPC for this cohort and would help HR form appropriate strategies to attract this set of talent.Originality/valueThis research takes a fresh line of reasoning to explain what parameters would drive fresher millennial talent to apply for a job at an organization. It views the group through a generational theory paradigm and signaling theory forms the backdrop for this study. Further, since the study is based on an Indian sample, it contributes to literature from a non-western context.
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Huynh, Ho P., and Kate Sweeny. "Clinician styles of care: Transforming patient care at the intersection of leadership and medicine." Journal of Health Psychology 19, no. 11 (July 17, 2013): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105313493650.
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A key role of clinicians is to motivate their patients to initiate and maintain beneficial health behaviors. This article integrates research on transformational leadership, clinician–patient communication, and health behavior to introduce a novel approach to understanding and improving clinicians’ effectiveness as motivators. We describe three dominant clinician styles or patterned approaches to patient care that derive from leadership theory (in order of least to most effective): laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational. Additionally, we suggest potential mediators and effects of the transformational style of care. Finally, we discuss future research directions for the study of clinician styles of care.
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Yoder, Paul J., Steven F. Warren, Kyoungran Kim, and Gail E. Gazdag. "Facilitating Prelinguistic Communication Skills in Young Children With Developmental Delay II." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 4 (August 1994): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3704.841.
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Four children with mental retardation were studied in the context of a multiple baseline across subjects design. Staff members used a modified version of the milieu teaching method to facilitate intentional requesting. The results replicated the finding that a modified version of milieu teaching was effective in facilitating the use of intentional requesting by children with developmental delays in an intervention context (Warren, Yoder, Gazdag, Kim, & Jones, 1993). This study also extended the Warren et al. (1993) work by (a) documenting that increased intentional requesting generalized to sessions with the children’s mothers, (b) demonstrating that mothers who were naive to the purposes of the study were more likely to linguistically map their children’s prelinguistic communication after the intervention than before the treatment, and (c) that mothers and teachers who were naive to the purposes of the study linguistically mapped the children’s intentional communication more than the children’s preintentional communication. We discuss implications of these results for early intervention, the transactional theory of development, and the importance of the distinction between intentional versus preintentional communication.
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Pardede, Hilman, and Herman. "A STUDY OF SPEECH ACT BETWEEN SELLER AND BUYERS IN ‘SINAGA SHOP’." Wiralodra English Journal 4, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v4i1.87.
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This research is aimed to investigate the speech act between seller and buyers in ‘Sinaga Shop’at Jalan Melanthon Siregar Pematangsiantar. Speech act is related to utterances. Communication can be said successful if the speech act between speaker and listener are good in daily life. The transaction in the market between seller and buyer is also inevitable. Therefore, the problem of this study is: “What kinds of speech act verbs do the sellers and buyers use in ‘SINAGA SHOP’ Jalan Melanthon Siregar Pematangsiantar in their daily conversational transaction? To answer the problem above, the researchers follow some theories that related with the problem, they are speech act theory by Austin (1962) and Searle (1985). Descriptive qualitative approach was conducted. Participants of this study are seller and buyers at “SINAGA SHOP”. They are female and male. Context of the study is the utterances of seller and buyers in “SINAGA SHOP”. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that there were some verbs that the seller and the buyer use in their daily transactional conversation, they are: Representative include suggest, report, state, inform, complain. Directive include ask, request, order. Expressive include apologize, thank, pardon. Commisive include offer and Declaratives include sentencing.illocutionary act, pragmatics, speech act, utterance
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Griffiths, Colin, and Martine Smith. "You and me: The structural basis for the interaction of people with severe and profound intellectual disability and others." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 21, no. 2 (February 7, 2017): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629516644380.
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Interaction between two people may be construed as a continuous process of perception and action within the dyad. A theoretical framework is proposed in this article that explains the concepts and processes which comprise the interaction process. The article explores the transactional nature of interaction, through analysis of narrative data from two dyads, each comprising a person with severe or profound intellectual and multiple disability and a service worker. The novel application of grounded theory to analyse video data of non-verbal communication data in order to develop the theoretical framework is reviewed. Previously, attuning has been identified as the key process that drives interaction. This article explores the other concepts of the theory proposed, namely, setting, being, stimulus, action, attention and engagement. The article concludes by contrasting this theory of the interaction process with other related concepts and suggests how application of the proposed framework may enhance practice.
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McKenney, Cynthia B., Ellen B. Peffley, and Igino Teolis. "Comparison of Time Investment in Common Teaching Practices among Three Instructional Methods." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.245.
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Increasingly more collegiate courses are offered through a variety of distance formats. Course management platforms have reduced the faculty time required to create and deliver distance courses while enhancing asynchronous communication. In this study, the transactional distance theory was used to evaluate the different communication levels found between faculty and students in web-facilitated, online, and interactive video courses. A comparison of the online course sections to the web-facilitated course sections determined that there were significantly more asynchronous contacts with the online sections than with the web-facilitated sections. In addition, the total instructor time invested to administer the online course sections was significantly less than for the web-facilitated course sections. The interactive video conferencing sections could not be compared directly to the other teaching modes because the course content differed; however, mean time intervals for teaching and administrative activities are provided.
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Beltyukova, A. V. "THE CONCEPT OF TOUCHINESS: ORIGINS, PECULIARITIES OF MANIFESTATION." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 29, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9550-2019-29-3-262-267.
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The article discusses the problem of resentment and touchiness from the point of view of various psychological concepts (psychoanalysis, gestalt psychology, transactional analysis, factor theory of personality, sanogenic thinking theory). Resentment is a reaction to the inconsistency of one’s own expectations in relation to another person and his real behavior, and touchiness is a personality trait that is characterized by a tendency to experience resentment in different personally significant situations with minimal mismatch of the expected and real behavior of the communication partner. The article presents the mechanisms of occurrence of touchiness from the point of view of various approaches. Most researchers agree that touchiness is formed in childhood due to disharmonious relations with parents. According to psychologists, touchiness has a significant negative impact on the relationship between people, making it difficult to build personal and business ties.
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Et. al., Arsha Kolate,. "An Information Security Using DNA Cryptography along with AES Algorithm." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 1S (April 11, 2021): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i1s.1607.
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Securing information is the most important need of not only the business world but also it’s highly essential in all the other major sectors. The secured data storage capacity along with security during data transit is also an important factor. In this paper DNA based security technique is proposed as an information carrier, the new data securing method can be adopted by harnessing the advantages of DNA based AES. This technique will provide multilayer security. The proposed system aims to secure transactional data during communication as it is required when message or data transfer between sender and receiver should be confidential along with integrity and availability.AS the data hiding needs a carrier to hold the data, therefore in order to enhance data security and make the data more confidential effective encryption algorithm is proposed using DNA cryptography. DNA molecules, holds an ability to store, process and transfer data, stimulates the notion of DNA cryptography. This amalgamation of the chemical features of genetic DNA structures along with cryptography confirms the non-vulnerable communication. The current features with reference to DNA cryptography are reviewed and presented here.
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Yu, Lingling, Xiongfei Cao, Zhiying Liu, and Junkai Wang. "Excessive social media use at work." Information Technology & People 31, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 1091–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-10-2016-0237.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of excessive social media use on individual job performance and its exact mechanism. An extended stressor–strain–outcome research model is proposed to explain how excessive social media use at work influences individual job performance.Design/methodology/approachThe research model was empirically tested with an online survey study of 230 working professionals who use social media in organizations.FindingsThe results revealed that excessive social media use was a determinant of three types of social media overload (i.e. information, communication and social overload). Information and communication overload were significant stressors that influence social media exhaustion, while social overload was not a significant predictor of exhaustion. Furthermore, social media exhaustion significantly reduces individual job performance.Originality/valueTheory-driven investigation of the effects of excessive social media use on individual job performance is still relatively scarce, underscoring the need for theoretically-based research of excessive social media use at work. This paper enriches social media research by presenting an extended stressor–strain–outcome model to explore the exact mechanism of excessive use of social media at work, and identifying three components of social media-related overload, including information, communication and social overload. It is an initial attempt to systematically validate the casual relationships among excessive usage experience, overload, exhaustion and individual job performance based on the transactional theory of stress and coping.
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Sun, Christina J., Esther S. Seloilwe, Mabel Magowe, Kefalotse S. Dithole, Kim S. Miller, and Janet S. St. Lawrence. "Gender Differences in Sexual and Reproductive Health Protective and Risk Factors of Batswana Adolescents: Implications for Parent and Adolescent Interventions." AIDS Education and Prevention 30, no. 1 (February 2018): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.1.35.
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Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa and in Botswana in particular continue to bear the brunt of the HIV epidemic. This analysis assessed gender differences among theory-based sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors in a cross-sectional sample of 228 Batswana adolescents. Incongruence between preferred and actual sources of sexual information and several important gender differences in parent-adolescent relationships, psychosocial influences, and adolescent sexual behaviors were identified. Parents were the fourth most common source of information about sex; yet, over three-quarters of adolescents preferred to have parents teach them about sex. Boys reported more positive relationships with their parents and girls reported more positive attitudes toward transactional sex. Both boys and girls reported similarly low levels of parental monitoring, parental communication, and parental responsiveness, all of which are important protective factors. These findings suggest interventions should address these gender differences and consider offering parallel interventions for adolescents and their parents in Botswana.
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Respizzi, Stefano, and Elisabetta Covelli. "The emotional coaching model: quantitative and qualitative research into relationships, communication and decisions in physical and sports rehabilitation." Joints 03, no. 04 (October 2015): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/jts/2015.3.4.191.
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The emotional coaching model uses quantitative and qualitative elements to demonstrate some assumptions relevant to new methods of treatment in physical rehabilitation, considering emotional, cognitive and behavioral aspects in patients, whether or not they are sportsmen.Through quantitative tools (Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, Emotional Interview Test, Previous Re-Injury Test, and reports on test scores) and qualitative tools (training contracts and relationships of emotional alliance or “contagion”), we investigate initial assumptions regarding: the presence of a cognitive and emotional mental state of impasse in patients at the beginning of the rehabilitation pathway; the curative value of the emotional alliance or “emotional contagion” relationship between healthcare provider and patient; the link between the patient’s pathology and type of contact with his own body and emotions; analysis of the psychosocial variables for the prediction of possible cases of re-injury for patients who have undergone or are afraid to undergo reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Although this approach is still in the experimental stage, the scores of the administered tests show the possibility of integrating quantitative and qualitative tools to investigate and develop a patient’s physical, mental and emotional resources during the course of his rehabilitation. Furthermore, it seems possible to identify many elements characterizing patients likely to undergo episodes of re-injury or to withdraw totally from sporting activity. In particular, such patients are competitive athletes, who fear or have previously undergone ACL reconstruction.The theories referred to (the transactional analysis theory, self-determination theory) and the tools used demonstrate the usefulness of continuing this research in order to build a shared coaching model treatment aimed at all patients, sportspeople or otherwise, which is not only physical but also emotional, cognitive and behavioral.
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Shrout, M. Rosie, and Daniel J. Weigel. "Infidelity’s aftermath: Appraisals, mental health, and health-compromising behaviors following a partner’s infidelity." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, no. 8 (April 21, 2017): 1067–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517704091.
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Guided by transactional stress theory, this research investigated the role of appraisals in noninvolved partners’ mental health and health-compromising behaviors after infidelity. Responses from 232 college students who were recently cheated on revealed that negative appraisals (partner blame, self-blame, and causal attribution) had indirect effects on health-compromising behaviors through mental health (depression, anxiety, and distress). Moderated mediation analyses revealed that gender altered the indirect effect of partner and self-blame on health-compromising behaviors through mental health. Men’s health-compromising behaviors did not differ based on their appraisals or mental health. However, women who reported negative appraisals and high levels of mental health consequences engaged in more health-compromising behaviors. These findings suggest that perceptions of a partner’s infidelity are important, and that those perceptions affect noninvolved partners’ mental health and physical health behaviors.
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Paramova, Petia, and Herbert Blumberg. "Cross-cultural variation in political leadership styles." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 13, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 749–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i4.1412.
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Guided by gaps in the literature with regard to the study of politicians the aim of the research is to explore cross-cultural differences in political leaders’ style. It compares the MLQ (Avolio & Bass, 2004) scores of elected political leaders (N = 140) in Bulgaria and the UK. The statistical exploration of the data relied on multivariate analyses of covariance. The findings of comparisons across the two groups reveal that compared to British political leaders, Bulgarian leaders were more likely to frequently use both transactional and passive/avoidant behaviours. The study tests Bass’s (1997) strong assertion about the universality of transformational leadership. It contributes to the leadership literature by providing directly measured data relating to the behaviours of political leaders. Such information on the characteristics of politicians could allow for more directional hypotheses in subsequent research, exploring the contextual influences within transformational leadership theory. The outcomes might also aid applied fields. Knowledge gained of culturally different leaders could be welcomed by multicultural political and economic unions, wherein understanding and allowances might aid communication.
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Pantaleo, Sylvia. "The semantic and syntactic qualities of paneling in students’ graphic narratives." Visual Communication 18, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357217740393.
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The overarching purpose of the classroom-based research featured in this article was to explore the development of middle-year students’ visual meaning-making skills and competencies. The research was informed by multimodality and social semiotics, and embraced a sociocultural perspective of literacy and a transactional theory of literature. Over a period of several weeks, Grade 7 students had opportunities to learn about a selection of elements of visual art and design, and some conventions of graphic novels, including paneling. In addition to reading, responding in writing to, and discussing a selection of picturebooks, graphic novels and magazine issues, the students composed their own texts using the medium of comics. In this article I focus on the paneling in the graphic narratives created by seven student participants. The content analysis of the students’ graphic narratives revealed the intentionality of their panel meaning-making, and the semantic and syntactic qualities embodied in their paneling. Excerpts from the students’ interviews revealed how learning about the what, why and how of paneling affected the composing of their work. I conclude the article with a consideration of some pedagogical issues associated with the teaching of paneling and other conventions in the medium of comics.
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Gumah, Bernard, Liu Wenbin, and Maxwell Akansina Aziabah. "Supervisors’ Leadership Styles’ Influence on Foreign Teachers’ Self-Efficacy in a Cross-Cultural Work Setting: A Moderated Mediation Analysis." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402199454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244021994546.
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Leadership style impacts on the manner and frequency of feedback transmission. However, communication challenges between superiors and subordinates originate from cultural differences, which undermine the usefulness of feedback. The study tested leadership style’s effect on self-efficacy through a moderated mediation approach, examined through the lens of the cross-cultural adaptation theory. Path analysis conducted on data from 281 foreign teachers in Chengdu, China, revealed that there is a positive effect of Chinese supervisors’ leadership styles on foreign teacher’s self-efficacy. Leadership style similarly has an influence on the nature of feedback. And the nature of feedback in turn mediates leadership style and self-efficacy. We establish in particular that transactional and transformational leadership styles, through the nature of feedback, influence self-efficacy of foreign teachers. Moreover, the association between the nature of feedback and self-efficacy is moderated by the perceived value of feedback. Employees’ perceptions are also found to be crucial in determining the value of feedback. It is thus imperative for supervisors and managers working with foreigners as subordinates to figure out when and how to provide valuable feedback. We conclude with suggested areas for further research.
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Et. al., Mrs R. M. Rajeshwari. "Privacy Preserving Data Transmission in Malicious Vehicular Adhoc Networks." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 5757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2251.
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Vehicle Adhoc Network is deployed on the road, where vehicles constitute mobile nodes in which active security and intelligent transportation are important applications of VANET. VANETs are a key part of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) framework. Sometimes, VANETs are referred as Intelligent Transportation Networks. However, authentication and privacy of users are still two vital issues in VANETs. In the traditional mode, the transactional data storage provides no distributed and decentralized security, so that the third party initiates the dishonest behaviors possibly. VANET has temporary participants , communication between vehicles are short-lived messages. Possible situation might happens , adversary may play as an legitimate user and able to perform malicious activity .To address these challenges this paper proposes timestamp based message between users to perform secure data transmission and give the negligible probability of the attacker. With the help of Certificate Authority (CA) and the RoadSide Units (RSUs), our proposal attains the confidentiality and trace the identity of the unauthenticated vehicle in the anonymous announcements as well. Finally, through the theoretical analysis and simulations, our scheme is able to implement a secure VANET framework with accountability and privacy preservation
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Chen, Jengchung Victor, Trang Nguyen, and Marissa Oncheunjit. "Understanding continuance intention in traffic-related social media." Internet Research 30, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 539–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-02-2019-0045.
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Purpose Recent technological advances have led to the growing popularity of traffic-related social media platforms which facilitate drivers to easily share, consume and exchange traffic information instead of the traditional ways using TV or radio. By integrating the information systems success model, social capital theory and dedication-based commitment mechanism, the purpose of this paper is to examine the varying degree of effectiveness in maintaining user’s continuance intention between two different social media platforms for traffic information. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected through online questionnaires from two platforms. One is a multi-channel traffic information community that has been specialized in traffic information for many years and has adopted several kinds of social media to engage with its audience. The other is a community-based traffic application created to help people exchange and contribute traffic information with real-time navigation. Findings The findings show that the effects of satisfaction and affective commitment on continuance intention are stronger in the community-based traffic application while their antecedents play different roles in shaping satisfaction and affective commitment due to the nature and characteristics of these two groups. Originality/value This study will be the first attempt to understand what matters to users and what can retain users to routinely use a specific traffic-related social media platform in their daily lives. This is also one of the first empirical studies that examine both transactional and relational points of view on users’ continuance intention.
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Sashi, C. M., Gina Brynildsen, and Anil Bilgihan. "Social media, customer engagement and advocacy." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 1247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-02-2018-0108.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how social media facilitates the process of customer engagement in quick service restaurants (QSRs). Customers characterized as transactional customers, loyal customers, delighted customers or fans, based on the degree of relational exchange and emotional bonds, are expected to vary in their propensity to engage in advocacy and co-create value.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses linking the antecedents of customer engagement to advocacy are empirically investigated with data from the Twitter social media network for the top 50 US QSRs. Multiple regression analysis is carried out with proxies for advocacy as the dependent variable and connection effort, interaction effort, satisfaction, retention effort, calculative commitment and affective commitment as independent variables.FindingsThe results indicate that retention effort and calculative commitment of customers are the most important factors influencing advocacy. Efforts to retain customers using social media communication increase advocacy. Greater calculative commitment also increases advocacy. Affective commitment mediates the relationship between calculative commitment and advocacy.Practical implicationsFostering retention and calculative commitment by using social media communication engenders loyalty and customers become advocates. Calculative commitment fosters affective commitment, turning customers into fans who are delighted as well as loyal, enhancing advocacy.Originality/valueThis study uniquely investigates the relationship between the antecedents of customer engagement and advocacy. It develops the theory and conducts an empirical analysis with actual social media network data for a specific industry where usage of the network is widely prevalent. It confirms that calculative commitment influences advocacy. Calculative commitment not only has a direct effect but also has an indirect effect through affective commitment on advocacy in the QSR context. Further, social media efforts by QSRs to retain customers encourage advocacy. Other customer engagement antecedents do not directly influence advocacy.
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Nurjaman, Arif. "Pola Komunikasi Kyai dan Solidaritas Jamaah." Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies 10, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v10i2.1082.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of clerics communication with the Jamaat, communication patterns is more geared to the form and communication systems clerics in solidarity pilgrims and consistency of communications made clerics. This research was conducted by using the theory of communications, identity and solidarity theory. Using the paradigm of constructivism and sosilogis approach. The method used in this study is the case study method. Based on the analysis of the data in the field can be concluded that the communication patterns in solidarity Jamaat religious scholars are: (1) communication patterns of action, (2) communication patterns of interaction, and (3) communication patterns of transactions. Identity clerics influenced through personal communication layer, layer enactment, relational and communal, all forming a communication identity.
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McHugh, Bridget Christine, Pamela Wisniewski, Mary Beth Rosson, and John M. Carroll. "When social media traumatizes teens." Internet Research 28, no. 5 (October 2, 2018): 1169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-02-2017-0077.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which negative online risk experiences (information breaches, explicit content exposure, cyberbullying and sexual solicitations) cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in adolescents. The study also explores whether teens’ short-term coping responses serve to mitigate PTSD or, instead, act as a response to stress from online events. Design/methodology/approach The study utilized a web-based diary design over the course of two months. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling with repeated measures. Findings The study confirmed that explicit content exposure, cyberbullying and sexual solicitations (but not information breaches) evoke symptoms of PTSD. Analyses also indicated that teens engage in active and communicative coping after they experience post-traumatic stress, regardless of risk type or frequency. Practical implications The authors found that teens took active measures to cope with online risks soon after they felt threatened (within a week). Actively coping with stressful situations has been shown to enhance adolescent resilience and reduce long-term negative effects of risk exposure. If these early coping behaviors can be detected, social media platforms may be able to embed effective interventions to support healthy coping processes that can further protect teens against long-term harm from exposure to online risks. Originality/value This is the first study to examine situational PTSD symptoms related to four types of adolescent online risk exposure within the week exposure occurred. By applying two competing theoretical frameworks (the adolescent resilience framework and transactional theory of stress), the authors show empirical evidence that suggests short-term coping responses are likely a stress reaction to PTSD, not a protective factor against it.
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Cordelia, Antonio. "Transaction Costs and Information Systems: Does IT Add Up?" Journal of Information Technology 21, no. 3 (September 2006): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000066.
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Transaction cost theory has often been used to support the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to reduce imperfection in the economic system. Electronic markets and hierarchies have repeatedly been described as solutions to inefficiencies in the organisation of transactions in complex and uncertain settings. Far from criticising this assumption, this paper highlights the limits associated with this application of transaction cost theory that has been prevalent in IS research. Building on the concepts first proposed by Ciborra, the paper argues that information-related problems represent only some of the elements contributing to transaction costs. These costs also emerge due to the interdependencies among the various factors contributing to their growth. The study of the consequences associated with ICT design and implementation, grounded in transaction cost theory, should consider the overall implication associated with the adoption and use of ICT and not only the direct effect on problems associated with information flow, distribution, and management.
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Maryam, Siti, and Sri Wahyuningsih. "Pengaruh Transaksi C2c Commerce terhadap Perilaku Impulsive Buying (Servei pada Konsumen PT Shopee International Indonesia)." InterKomunika 3, no. 1 (June 26, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33376/ik.v3i1.146.
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This research is motivated by of business competition which utilize internet media as place of marketing communication. This study aims to determine how big influence of C2C Commerce transaction to impulsive buying behavior. The theory used in this research is theory of integrated marketing communication (IMC) with elements that support the interactive/internet marketing and consumer behavior that enter the theory of communication behavior. This research methodology uses quantitative approach and it kind of eksplanatif research. This study has a population of 46,640 people with a sample of 100 respondents using the Yamane formula. The test results obtained correlation test of 0.765 which means have a strong relationship, and coefisisen determination magnitude 66% and the remaining 34%. While the value of T arithmetic of 11.757> from T table of 1.660. Which means that C2C Commerce Transactions (variable x) has influence to the behavior of Impulsive Buying. The conclusion of this research is C2C Commerce Transaction can attract consumers because of the various kinds of transaction convenience offered by C2C Commerce model, thus forming impulsive buying behavior to the consumer. The Suggestions in this research is, It is also necessary for Shopee to improve the quality of service and continue to innovate in satisfying the consumer.
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Lund, Brady. "Communication-based approaches to library reference services: anxiety-uncertainty management as a model for communication breakdowns." Reference Services Review 48, no. 4 (October 19, 2020): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-07-2020-0049.
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Purpose This paper aims to present an overview of the history of communication research and theory in reference services literature and to discuss the potential of one relatively recent-emerging theory of communication (anxiety-uncertainty management theory) to describe and mitigate breakdowns in reference communication. Design/methodology/approach An overview and discussion of existing literature and communication-based theories of library reference services is presented. Findings This paper identifies and describes anxiety-uncertainty management theory as a lens through which to view communication breakdowns during library reference transactions. The concepts behind the theory and articulated as well as its insights for reference librarians. Originality/value This is the first article to discuss the anxiety-uncertainty management theory to examine communication breakdowns in library reference transactions.
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Wang, Hao, Shenglan Ma, Chaonian Guo, Yulei Wu, Hong-Ning Dai, and Di Wu. "Blockchain-Based Power Energy Trading Management." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 21, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3409771.
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Distributed peer-to-peer power energy markets are emerging quickly. Due to central governance and lack of effective information aggregation mechanisms, energy trading cannot be efficiently scheduled and tracked. We devise a new distributed energy transaction system over the energy Industrial Internet of Things based on predictive analytics, blockchain, and smart contract technologies. We propose a solution for scheduling distributed energy sources based on the Minimum Cut Maximum Flow theory. Blockchain is used to record transactions and reach consensus. Payment clearing for the actual power consumption is executed via smart contracts. Experimental results on real data show that our solution is practical and achieves a lower total cost for power energy consumption.
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Ridwan, Ridwan. "Rekonstruksi Ijab dan Kabul dalam Transaksi Ekonomi Berbasis Online." Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v11i2.1294.
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In Islamic law, the position of incentives in the economic transaction becomes a determinant factor for the validity of a contract. The technical and consent in the formulation of classical jurisprudence is done physically, marked by a meeting between the parties involved in a contract site. The communication technology revolution has spawned an online-based transaction model that is e-commerce, or e-marketing, through internet technology tools where the parties involved do not meet physically and the contract object cannot be handed over directly. This reality illustrates the existence of gap in the Islamic law theory with an empirical practice that requires a legal answer. This article proves that online-based economic transactions are legitimate contracts in the view of Islamic law based on legal analogy argument, i.e.to equate an online contract with an orderpurchase contract. The construction of consent in an online-based contract must be based on certain norms, namely clarity of specification of goods, means of payment and technicality, technical delivery of goods, terms of the contract cancellation and terms of dispute. These detailed and rigorous rules are an illustration of the importance of caution in conducting online transactions to avoid losses by adhering to the sadd al-zari>’ah method in order to close the possibility of emerging harmful.
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Ridwan, Ridwan. "REKONSTRUKSI IJAB DAN KABUL DALAM TRANSAKSI EKONOMI BERBASIS ONLINE." Al-Manahij 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v11i2.2017.pp175-188.
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In Islamic law, the position of incentives in the economic transaction becomes a determinant factor for the validity of a contract. The technical and consent in the formulation of classical jurisprudence is done physically, marked by a meeting between the parties involved in a contract site. The communication technology revolution has spawned an online-based transaction model that is e-commerce, or e-marketing, through internet technology tools where the parties involved do not meet physically and the contract object cannot be handed over directly. This reality illustrates the existence of gap in the Islamic law theory with an empirical practice that requires a legal answer. This article proves that online-based economic transactions are legitimate contracts in the view of Islamic law based on legal analogy argument, i.e.to equate an online contract with an orderpurchase contract. The construction of consent in an online-based contract must be based on certain norms, namely clarity of specification of goods, means of payment and technicality, technical delivery of goods, terms of the contract cancellation and terms of dispute. These detailed and rigorous rules are an illustration of the importance of caution in conducting online transactions to avoid losses by adhering to the sadd al-zari>’ah method in order to close the possibility of emerging harmful.
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Shinkarenko, Tatyana, Roman Smirnov, and Aleksey Beloshitskiy. "Studying the organizational structure effectiveness on the basis of internal communication analysis." Upravlenets 11, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-2-3.
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Digital technologies are changing corporate communication due to the opportunity to make contact via e-mail, social networks and messengers, which leads to the transformation of a company’s organizational structure. At the same time, the organizational structure should guarantee the effective implementation of communicative functions. Methodologically, the research relies on organizational theory when declaring communication to be one of the main functions of an organization that allows managing the organization and ensuring low transaction costs of internal communications. The present article aims to assess the possibility of using traces of internal corporate communication to gauge the organizational structure’s effectiveness. The authors adopt statistical and mathematical methods, such as the construction of a communication graph, clustering and comparative analysis. We process server data on intra-domain communications of the organization, build a communication graph, and evaluate various parameters reflecting its stability and flexibility and influencing the organizational structure’s effectiveness. Based on the proposed indicators, the study assesses the level of communication efficiency of each element of the company’s structure. The results of the research exploiting non-traditional sources of information and approaches allow us to evaluate the correspondence between the organizational structure and the cluster structure of communications, as well as the sustainability of internal and external communication of each element.
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Ntiamoah, Jones Adjei, and Joseph Asare. "Taxation of Digital Business Transactions: Challenges and Prospects for Developing Economies." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 6, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): p38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v6n3p38.
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The Global economy has seen a rapid growth in digital business transactions, especially in the provision and sale of goods and services through the application of information and communications technology. This rapid growth can be attributed to the fast rate of technological advancement which has changed how business transactions are conducted globally. The complexity associated with the taxation of digital business transaction has created the need to take a critical look at the challenges and prospects of digital business transactions in developing economies. The absence of physically commercial environment to a digital business environment generates thoughtful and significant issues in relation to taxation and taxation systems. This study relied on the second-best Tax Theory to establish that developing economies face the daunting task of taxing digital business transactions effectively due to the distortive nature of taxes on welfare losses. Whereas government and revenue collection authorities can impose tax on individuals, institutions and or products, they cannot tax digital business transactions efficiently and effectively and unless there are robust and effective tax systems in place. Even though these constraints appear more pronounced in developing economies, the implementation of effective tax could lead to an enhanced internal tax revenue for development.
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Feng, L., W. M. Wonham, and P. S. Thiagarajan. "Designing communicating transaction processes by supervisory control theory." Formal Methods in System Design 30, no. 2 (August 18, 2006): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10703-006-0023-0.
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Klass, Gregory. "Parol Evidence Rules and the Mechanics of Choice." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 20, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 457–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2019-0018.
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Abstract Scholars have to date paid relatively little attention to the rules for deciding when a writing is integrated. These integration rules, however, are as dark and full of subtle difficulties as are other parts of parol evidence rules. As a way of thinking about Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller’s The Choice Theory of Contracts, this Article suggests we would do better with tailored integration rules for two transaction types. In negotiated contracts between firms, courts should apply a hard express integration rule, requiring firms to say when they intend a writing to be integrated. In consumer contracts, standard terms should automatically be integrated against consumer-side communications, and never integrated against a business’s communications. The argument for each rule rests on the ways parties make and express contractual choices in these types of transactions. Whereas Dagan and Heller emphasize the different values at stake in different spheres of contracting, differences among parties’ capacities for choice — or the “mechanics of choice” — are at least as important.
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Durkin, Mark, Gwyneth Mulholland, and Aodheen McCartan. "A socio-technical perspective on social media adoption: a case from retail banking." International Journal of Bank Marketing 33, no. 7 (October 5, 2015): 944–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-01-2015-0014.
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Purpose – While technology continues to make a dramatic and profound impact in service industries and radically shapes how services are delivered relatively little is understood about the impact of advancing technology on customers; their expectations, perceptions and behaviours. As banking enters an increasingly digitised world this study reports on the views of 667 e-banking customers with respect to the perceived potential of social media to add value in retail banking relationships. The purpose of this paper is to propose that in order to realise this opportunity requires the case bank to embrace the second-order level changes required within socio-technical theory (STT) in order that such value can be co-created between the relational parties. Design/methodology/approach – Using the lens of STT to interpret the findings drawn from the case bank’s e-banking customer base (n=5,500), it is argued that social media has the potential to fundamentally change customer-bank relationships and to add value to the way in which the parties interact with each other into the future. A survey methodology was adopted. Findings – The findings presented indicate a wide spectrum of customers actively using transactional e-banking solutions in the case bank. The findings showed that those in the 15-30 age group saw “real-time/up-to-date information” as the main gain of their bank being on Facebook while their older colleagues in the 31-60 age group had a desire for different returns (“competitions, events”). That the analysis showed that age was the only significant determinant of Facebook appropriateness for the case bank, and in the context of the age-related preferences outlined above, the issue of segmentation is strongly highlighted. Originality/value – This study contributes to the academic domain through a rare application of STT in a service context, offers implications for practice and highlights important areas for future research, inter alia; the role for new media in banking relationships, the impacts of new media on bank staff roles, where value now accrues in bank-customer communication, where social media fits in the promotional mix and relational strategies of banks and what are the issues emerging at the social-technical interface between both customers and staff and new technology and media.
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Kristianti, Phoebe, and Riris Loisa. "Analisis Budaya Organisasi dan Gaya Kepemimpinan dalam Komunitas Wadah Pemimpin." Koneksi 5, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/kn.v5i1.10187.
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In the continuity of a company, there is a pattern of behavior that is carried out continuously by its members. Then formed a culture that is characteristic of the company. Each leader also has his own leadership style in operating the company. With a good organizational culture and leadership style, it can form a comfortable work environment and can support the success of the company. The formulation of the problem that will be examined is how is the organizational culture and leadership style in the Leader Forum Community? The method used in this research is a qualitative ethnographic approach, studied with organizational communication theory, organizational culture, and leadership style. The purpose of this research is to describe and find out the organizational culture and leadership style in the Community of Leaders Forum. The object to be studied is the organizational culture and leadership styles used in the Leader Community Forum. Based on the results of research related to organizational culture and leadership styles in the Community of Wadah Leaders, it can be concluded that the value of Family Impact Teamwork continues to be emphasized to members as a reference for acting in the community. And leaders apply a combination of charismatic, transactional, transformational, and visionary leadership styles in Komunitas Wadah Pemimpin.Dalam keberlangsungan suatu perusahaan terdapat pola perilaku yang dilakukan secara terus menerus oleh anggotanya. Kemudian terbentuk sebuah budaya yang menjadi ciri khas dalam perusahaan tersebut. Setiap pemimpin juga memiliki gaya kepemimpinan tersendiri dalam mengoperasikan perusahaan. Dengan adanya budaya organisasi dan gaya kepemimpinan yang baik dapat membentuk lingkungan kerja yang nyaman serta dapat medukung keberhasilan perusahaan. Rumusan masalah yang ditelaah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana budaya organisasi dan gaya kepemimpinan dalam Komunitas Wadah Pemimpin? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode etnografi dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dikaji dengan teori komunikasi organisasi, budaya organisasi, serta gaya kepemimpinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menggambarkan dan mengetahui budaya organisasi dan gaya kepemimpinan dalam Komunitas Wadah Pemimpin. Objek yang diteliti adalah budaya organisasi serta gaya kepemimpinan yang digunakan dalam Komunitas Wadah Pemimpin. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa nilai Family Impact Teamwork terus ditekankan kepada anggota sebagai acuan untuk bertindak dalam komunitas. Pemimpin menerapkan kombinasi dari gaya kepemimpinan kharismatik, transaksional, transformasional, dan visioner dalam Komunitas Wadah Pemimpin.
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Chen, Liang. "Reform of Compulsory Education Teachers’ Communication System from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no. 7 (July 31, 2016): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss7.572.
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According to the four main theory of transaction cost theory, property rights theory, state theory and the theory of institutional change from the new institutional economics, this paper gives a theoretical analysis about our country’s compulsory education teacher exchange system and puts for ward the reform path of the system.
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Pahayahay, Amber, and Najmeh Khalili-Mahani. "What Media Helps, What Media Hurts: A Mixed Methods Survey Study of Coping with COVID-19 Using the Media Repertoire Framework and the Appraisal Theory of Stress." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): e20186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20186.
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Background Social and physical distancing in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has made screen-mediated information and communication technologies (media) indispensable. Whether an increase in screen use is a source of or a relief for stress remains to be seen. Objective In the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 lockdowns, we investigated the relation between subjective stress and changes in the pattern of media use. Based on Lazarus’s transactional model of appraisal and coping, and building on an earlier similar survey, we hypothesize that individual differences in the appraisal of media predict variations in approach or avoidance of media for coping with COVID-19 stress. Methods Between March 20 and April 20, 2020, a brief snowball survey entitled: “What media helps, what media hurts: coping with COVID19 through screens” was distributed via Concordia University’s mailing lists and social media (PERFORM Centre, EngAGE Centre, and Media Health Lab). Using a media repertoire method, we asked questions about preferences, changes in use, and personal appraisal of media experiences (approach, avoid, and ignore) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigated interindividual differences in media use by factors such as subjective stress, age, gender, and self-reported mental health. Results More than 90% of the survey respondents were in Canada and the east coast of the United States. From 685 completed responses, 169 respondents were “very stressed” and 452 were “slightly worried” about the pandemic. COVID-19 stress led to increased use of Facebook (χ23=11.76, P=.008), television (χ23=12.40, P=.006), YouTube (χ23=8.577, P=.04), and streaming services such as Netflix (χ23=10.71, P=.01). Respondents who considered their mental health “not good” were twice as likely to prefer streaming services as a coping tool for self-isolation. Women and nonbinary respondents were twice as likely than men to pick social media for coping. Individuals younger than 35 years were 3 times more likely to pick computer games, and individuals older than 55 years were more likely to pick network television or print media. Gender affected the appraisal of media (less in men than others) in terms of avoid (F1,637=5.84, P=.02) and approach scores (F1,637=14.31, P<.001). Subjective mental health affected the ignore score (less in those who said “good” than others; F1,637=13.88, P<.001). The appraisal score and use increase explained variations in worrying about physical and mental health stress due to increased screen time. A qualitative analysis of open-ended questions revealed that media (especially social networks) were important for coping if they provided support and connection through the dissemination of factual and positive information while avoiding the overflow of sensational and false news. Conclusions The relationship between appraisal of media’s positive and negative facets vary with demographic differences in mental health resiliency. The media repertoire approach is an important tool in studies that focus on assessing the benefits and harms of screen overuse in different populations, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Arici, Giorgio, Marco Dalai, Riccardo Leonardi, and Arnaldo Spalvieri. "A Communication Theoretic Interpretation of Modern Portfolio Theory Including Short Sales, Leverage and Transaction Costs." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12010004.
Full textAbstract:
Modern Portfolio Theory is the ground upon which most works in portfolio optimization context find their foundations. Many studies attempt to extend the Modern Portfolio Theory to include short sale, leverage and transaction costs, features not considered in Markowitz’s seminal work from 1952. The drawback of such theories is that they complicate considerably the simplicity of the original technique. Here, we propose a simple and unified method, which takes inspiration from, and shows connections with the matched filter theory in communications, to evaluate the best portfolio allocation with the possibility of including a leverage factor and short sales. Finally, we extend the presented method to also consider the transaction costs.
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Issa, Shady, Pascal Felber, Alexander Matveev, and Paolo Romano. "Extending hardware transactional memory capacity via rollback-only transactions and suspend/resume." Distributed Computing 33, no. 3-4 (November 11, 2019): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00446-019-00363-1.
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