Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trajectoire de changement'
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Saleh, Imad. "La trajectoire d'intégration des retraités maghrébins en région Centre : indre et Loire : rupture, changement, intégration." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2012/document.
This terrain survey realized near 50 reprocessed Maghrebians in the area centers (Indre and the Loire), goes in the opposition to all the generally accepted ideas, and the many studies made until our days. It shows that the Maghrebian immigrants of the first generation, alive in France, have, during a half century, evolved/moved and changed. Their integration exceeds, by far, all that was already known as on the latter. They, under difficult conditions, adapted. Gradually, they adopted another way of life, of new ideas, another glance on themselves and the company of origin, as on the French company. They also have, to some extent, adoptee of the French and universal values which they transmitted to their children and little children. They are not any more what they were before. They have a different identity. The price of these changes, is the successive ruptures with the old values and ideas, and the adoption of new ideas and values
Ben, Zaïda Yousra. "Contribution à la conduite du changement pour l’évolution du système entreprise." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20136.
Ben, Zaïda Yousra. "Contribution à la Conduite du Changement pour l'Evolution du Système Entreprise." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364895.
Kongmanee, Chaiya. "Dépendance au sentier et changement agraire : une analyse institutionnelle de l’économie hévéicole au sud de la Thaïlande." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0041.
This Ph.D. work aims at exposing, and giving sense to the dynamics of agrarian change in Southern Thailand where rubber is a major crop. It intends to provide elements for decision makers to reflect on the future directions of the Thai rubber economy. I applied a sequence of multivariate analysis and systematic clustering to characterize the trajectories of 220 rubber farms. I also analyzed the evolution of share-tapping arrangements though personal interviews, survey and literature review. A path dependence analytical framework was then applied to identify and characterize how institutional settings and institutional reproduction shaped the observed trajectories and share-tapping arrangements. I identify six significant farm transformation trajectories between 1990 and 2010. Two trajectories show a decline in landholding and/or hired labor related to medium farms (10.5%) and small farms (25%). Three trajectories show growing landholding size and/or use of hired labor. They concern growing medium family farm enterprise (14.5%), large family farm enterprise (4.1%) and farms moving towards patronal enterprise (7.7%). These opposing trajectories witness a continuing polarization of rubber farms. 38.2% of farms follow a trajectory of stability with no change in farm size and labor structure. However, these are small farms and present a risk to follow the trajectories of farm decline. Labor availability and share-tapping arrangements evolved over time but share-tapping remains the main, almost unique, labor contract for harvesting since the beginning of rubber cultivation in Thailand. Labor contracting arrangements are in an institutional lock-in situation under the current form of share-tapping through three self-reinforcing economic, functional and legitimating mechanisms. I identified a set of rules that could explain the prevalence of the share-tapping arrangement in pursuing the exploitation of available labor force and ensuring high resilience to variations and uncertainty in social and economic conditions. Path dependence explains farm polarization and the institutional lock-in of share-tapping as the results of self-reinforcement mechanisms leading to institutional reproduction. The thesis shows that the period of rubber control during 1934-1946 was a critical juncture resulting in large expansion of new plantings and an institutional setting favoring polarization that has reproduced itself through self-reinforcing mechanisms until now. Land polarization had a positive effect on the stability of share-tapping contracts. Due to polarization, farms with growing landholding employ more hired labor, inducing an increasing demand while an increasing supply of skilled tappers is provided by declining small farms. The current share-tapping arrangements ensure the availability of paid labor and simultaneously reinforce land concentration. Based on the results of this analysis of agrarian change, three alternative policy scenarios are: continuation of present policies, reverting polarization and coping with global constraints. The policy scenario of reverting polarization is suggested as an option considering its consequences on economic growth, social welfare and sustainable agricultural development in the rubber sector
Olivier, Anne-Hélène. "Analyse dans le plan courbure-vitesse d'un changement de direction lors de la marche." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370546.
Bonnemains, Anouk. "Vulnérabilité et résilience d'un modèle de développement alpin : Trajectoire territoriale des stations de sports d'hiver de haute altitude de Tarentaise." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA009/document.
Tourism and climate Change are two major contemporary phenomena wicht cross and question territories. The tourism as the model of development structures and organizes the territory for its functioning and allows to create an economic activity for the local population. When climate change, they make visible the intrinsic vulnerability of the territory by questioning the sustainability of an economic model based on the emission of greenhouse gases.The story of the French winter sports has generated Specific Model of resorts: the resort of 3rd generation, Exported abroad since the 1980s. After the Second World War, Tarentaise becomes the laboratory of experiment for the development of this specifique of resorts, even today (in 2014) eight big resorts of Tarentaise represent French 37 % of the attendance of winter sports resorts (that is 220 resorts). This Phd research thus analyzes the territorial trajectory of the resorts of high height of Tarentaise since the 1930s, as a model of development co-built by the evolutions: socioeconomic, political, environmental and climatic.To Trace and understand the different phases of the implementation of a development model on territory, allows to question its vulnerability and resilience to climate change.Climate policies such as tourism management are now territorialized, how these two dimensions are integrated at the level of a regional (Assembly Tarentaise-Vanoise) ? Non-binding territorialized climate policies, have they ability to question a only economy based on a only natural resource: the snow, the reliability is going to be increasingly problematic.First, we will examine the vulnerabilities of development models and climate problem political construction, through tourism as mountain modernization lever (Chapter 1) climate change as indicative of the development models as revelations vulnerabilities (Chapter 2) and the territories as relevance scale climate for political action (Chapter 3). Part 2 will question an Alpine development model at the intersection between societal evolution and climate change through the creation of the third-generation model of the stations and changes in the tourism strategy (Chapter 5) to lead the analysis of the vulnerability of ski resorts and territorial vulnerability (Chapter 6). Finally, the third section highlights how local climate policies strengthen winter tourism by building and strengthening a territorial level: the Tarentaise-Vanoise (Chapter 7), it can it lead to a new model? (Chapter 8)
Wagner, Vincent. "Profil et évolutions à six mois des patients d'un centre de soins ambulatoires en addictologie : comprendre le changement : une histoire de trajectoire(s) et de temps." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2007/document.
This research work has two main but separate objectives, involving four consecutive studies. First, we focused on dropouts from addiction-specialized treatment. Our general aim here was to outline specific characteristics of patients who prematurely left their follow-up. Then, according to our second objective, we sought to precisely hightlight changes during the followup, as well as mechanisms involved. Our sample includes 150 outpatients with a problematic alcohol use, received in an addiction-specialized treatment center. A set of psychometric tools was administered twice, at the entry and after six months in care. According to the first study, several vulnerabilities are linked to dropouts, such as a higher severity of alcoholrelated problems, a higher level of ambivalence regarding change, or specific inclinations toward alcohol use. In the second study, we can notice, after six months of follow-up, a significant reduction in the global severity of alcohol-related problems, as well as an enhancement of the general mental, physical and social functioning. These changes are moreover associated with an overall modification regarding time perspectives. The third study highlights that a baseline measure of future time perspective is able to predict the severity of alcohol-related problems at follow-up. The last study emphasizes that three specific time perspectives (i.e., Past negative, Present fatalistic, Future) mediate the relationship between inclinations to use or not to use alcohol and motivation to change during treatment. All results are later discussed in regard to field practices, adher
Hobeika, Graziella. "Analyse multiniveaux des trajectoires de changement associées aux démarches d'e-gouvernement : étude de cas de deux ministères au Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100146.
Our research focuses on analyzing the transformational impact of e-government at two ministries in Lebanon.The literature on e-government, particularly in the context of developing countries, is limited. Furthermore, the transformational impact of e-government has not been empirically explored, giving rise to ongoing debates between optimistic and pessimistic views of the phenomenon. This calls for the mobilization of a holistic perspective to better capture the complexity of e-government and to deepen the understanding of the changes it could trigger.We sought to examine the evolution of change trajectories, driven by e-government initiatives, within the ministry of Finance and the ministry of Public Health in Lebanon over the 1992-2010 period, which is emblematic of the modernization of the Lebanese public sector through IS.We have developed a conceptual framework that combines the neo-institutional theory with the IT-enabled organizational transformation theoretical perspective, which enabled an integral reading of the change unfolding at macro, meso and micro levels at the two ministries.Our results show different trajectories of change. Within the same institutional context, the e-government initiatives deployed at the two ministries, drive, in one case, a trajectory of profound change and a real transformational impact, while in the other, they generate a trajectory of superficial change and a limited transformational impact. These two trajectories of change highlight a tangle of internal and external factors which largely affect the transformational impact of e-government
Zhao, Yeqin. "Construction des espaces urbains et rénovation d'un quartier de Shanghai : la problématique de la migration et du changement social." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363538.
Gianfaldoni, Patrick. "Paradigme d'organisation de la production de masse et changement de trajectoire : processus d'apprentissage et firme-réseau : recherche théorique établie à partir d'investigations analytiques sur la longue période dans l'industrie automobile." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24012.
Our thesis subject is based on the determination and the dynamic of firms organization forms concerning a mature industry : the automobile industry. The bias of a complex conception of the organization requires an explicative theory elaboration concerning the organizational evolution of long period trends. The problematic structure proves to be explicitly normative because it links up three metaconcepts: - the organization paradigm of the mass production , defined in substance as a unifying principle ; - the organization generic trajectory, defined in substance as one of the possible exploration paths of the paradigm ; - the organization model, defined in substance as a reference system for "schemata-types of problems-types solution". We want to demonstrate : - the world motor-car industry experiences a change of trajectory in the contemporary period. This one is more similar to the formation of an evolving trajectory than to the substitution from one trajectory to another one ; - this change of trajectory requires a radical and total restructuring of the firms organisation at the junction of the two canonical models (American and Japanese) ; - the organisational learning is the keystone of the change of trajectory ; - but in the same time, the organisational learning is in the heart of a new structure of competencies organisation : the firm-network
Kalasin, Kiattichai. "The international expansion of emerging-economy firms : The influence of path-breaking change and its antecedents." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHEC0011/document.
This dissertation introduces mechanisms that explain the international expansion of emerging-market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs) into advanced economies. It aims to provide a theoretical explanation of global champions from emerging economies. We propose path-breaking change as a complementary view that is the driver of emerging-economy firms’ international expansion into advanced economies. We argue that path-breaking change is a prerequisite before emerging-economy firms build and, in turn, leverage their ownership advantages in advanced economies. In addition, we further investigate the antecedents of path-breaking change. Building upon the upper-echelon theory, we assert that the composition of a top management team (TMT) and a board of directors (BOD) have an impact on the extent of a firm's path-breaking change. We argue that foreigners and executives with international exposure may bring new knowledge and introduce new management practices to their organizations. They may usesuch knowledge and skills to transform firms into more market-oriented entities. However, success in the domestic market may prevent a firm from changing. Firms tend to build their capabilities upon their historical path trajectory. Hence, market leadership position, conglomerate diversification, and government ties deter firms from venturing into advanced economies
Nuemi, Tchathouang Gilles Eric. "Identification des profils de changement sur données longitudinales, illustrée par deux exemples : étude des trajectoires hopsitalières de prise en charge d'un cancer. Construction des profils évolutifs de qualité de vie lors d'un essai thérapeutique pour un cancer avancé." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOMU02/document.
Context In healthcare domain, data mining for knowledge discovery represent a growing issue. Questions about the organisation of healthcare system and the study of the relation between treatment and quality of life (QoL) perceived could be addressed that way. The evolution of technologies provides us with efficient data mining tools and statistical packages containing advanced methods available for non-experts. We illustrate this approach through two issues: 1 / What organisation of healthcare system for cancer diseases management? 2 / Exploring in patients suffering from metastatic cancer, the relationship between health-related QoL perceived and treatment received as part of a clinical trial. Materials and methods Today we have large databases. Some are dedicated to gather together all hospital stays, as is the case for the national medico-administrative DRG-type database. Others are used to store information about QoL perceived by patients, routinely collected in clinical trials. The analysis of these data was carried out following three main steps: In the first step, data are prepared to be useable according to a defined concept of data analysis. For example, a classical database (patient-centered) was converted to a new database organised around a new defined entity which was different from the patient (eg. Care trajectory). Then in the second step, we applied data mining methods for knowledge discovery: we used the formal analysis of concepts method and unsupervised clustering techniques. And finally the results were presented in a graphical form. Results Concerning the question of the organisation of healthcare system, we constructed a typology of hospital care trajectories. We were able then to describe current practice in the management of cancers from the first cancer related surgical operation until one year of follow-up. In the case of breast cancer, we’ve described a typology of care on the basis of hospital costs over a one year follow up. Concerning the second question, we have also constructed a typology of QoL change patterns. This comprised three groups: Improvement, stability and degradation group.Conclusion The main interest of this work was to highlight new thoughts, which advances understanding and, contributing in appropriate solutions building
Bourdis, Nicolas. "Détection de changements entre vidéos aériennes avec trajectoires arbitraires." Phd thesis, Telecom ParisTech, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834717.
Bourdis, Nicolas. "Détection de changements entre vidéos aériennes avec trajectoires arbitraires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0028.
Business activities based on the use of video data have developed at a dazzling speed these last few years: not only has the market of some of these activities widely expanded (video-surveillance) but the operational applications have also greatly diversified (natural resources monitoring, intelligence etc). However, nowadays, the volume of generated data has become overwhelming and the efficiency of these activities is now limited by the cost and the time required by the human interpretation of this video data. Automatic analysis of video streams has hence become a critical problem for numerous applications. The semi-autmoatic approach developed in this thesis focuses more specifically on the automatic analysis of aerial videos and enables assisting the image analyst in his task by suggesting areas of potential interest identified using change detection. For that purpose, our approach proceeds to a tridimensional modeling of the appearances observed in the reference videos. Such a modeling then enables the online detection of significant changes in a new video, by identifying appearance deviations with respect to the reference models. Specific techniques have also been developed to estimate the acquisition parameters and to attenuate illumination effects. Moreover, we developed several consolidation techniques making use of a priori knowledge related to targeted changes, in order to improve detection accuracy. The interest and good performance of our change detection approach has been carefully demonstrated using both real and synthetical data
Malanski, Priscila. "Identification des trajectoires d'évolution du travail de salariés permanents dans les exploitations agricoles : proposition d'un cadre d'analyse et application à l'élevage bovin laitier en Auvergne." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0009/document.
In France, hiring employees in agriculture has become more common during the last forty years, especially non-familiar permanent employees. The progress of employees is related to strong structural transformations in agriculture, such as the enlargement of farms and the decrease of family workforce. Decreasing employees’ turnover is a challenge for farms’ sustainability. Thereby, our hypothesis is that take into account the role of employees in farm teamwork and understanding changes over time is a fundamental condition to identify ways to support farmers and employees to face this challenge. The aim of this thesis is to build a framework which associates both the approach to the work in livestock farms and the career development of employees to analyze how their works evolve. For this reason, the concept of human resources management has been used, in order to bring valuable contributions concerning work planning and career development inside organisations.The framework was built with the concepts of tasks assignment, versatility, specialization and autonomy. It was implemented with and empirical data from individual interview with 14 non-familiar permanent employees and 8 farmers (their employers), on dairy farms in Auvergne, a center region of France. The framework is composed by 8 variables, 19 categories, 3 rhythm of changes and 12 drivers of changes related to the farm, the farm teamwork and the employee. A conceptual representation of framework was built by linking its content. Results show that our framework is pertinent to analyze the evolutions on employees’ work from a dynamic perspective. Five pathways were identified based on eight variables that describe the evolution of task assignment, the trend toward versatility vs. specialization, and the evolution of autonomy. These pathways qualify the role of employees in farm teamwork. They could be useful for farmers, employees and agricultural advisors to plan employees’ career, thus to keep employees in farms. The longer-term goal is to discuss these results with farmers, employees and agricultural advisors to validate the framework and to assess its usefulness for a reflexive process concerning employees work organization in livestock farms
Amable, Bruno. "Changement technique endogène en économie ouverte : institutions et trajectoires nationales de croissance." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0029.
National growth are functions of the quality of their international specialization, the latter is influenced by endogenous technological change. Phenomena such as dynamic economies of scale engender cumulative trajectories that combine economic growth and competitiveness. Institutional mechanisms in each country explain national differences with regard to cumulative mechanisms linked to technological change
Dhenain, Sandrine. "Les territoires littoraux languedociens face aux changements globaux : trajectoires et politiques d'adaptation." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0002/document.
Since the 2000s, adaptation to climate change has been a new consideration for local territories in France, but its implementation is complex. Adaptation is not only a new issue for public policies but also a concept tinted with a semantic blur. At the same time, it is presented as a very technical issue. It is often highlighted as a state to reach. Decision-makers can "operationalize" adaptation by simply applying a specific methodology. However, adaptation is not only a mechanism but it is also a process that implies economic, social and ecological trade-offs for socio-ecological systems. These political dimensions are often implicit. Our work focuses on adaptation process and public policies. We studied local public policies implemented and discussed for the coastlines on the eastern coastal area of Languedoc Roussillon in the south of France that is facing global changes. We combine vulnerability and resilience approaches with sociology/political science in order to investigate adaptation pathways and local public policies and instruments. We conducted an empirical analysis of local actions and strategic plans related to climate but also to urban planning, flooding and water management. In order to provide a vehicle to clarify this concept of adaptation and its political dimensions, we propose a typology of adaptation measures. We found four logics that associate different political instruments and reflect different degrees of transformation. Secondly, we show that the issue of adaptation is framed differently by the different stakeholders. We show the gap between the national frame of standards and multiple local frames. Those frames can limit the panel of solutions that are discussed locally and can allow for compromises. The different types of actions constitute the ‘repertoire’ of adaptation but its implementation is constrained by local configurations of actors, power relationships. Throughout our work, we have highlighted the political dimensions of adaptation actions, power relationships and governance issues. We shed a light on trade-offs inherent in adaptation choices
Elsabbagh, Mayada M. A. "Mécanismes précurseurs de changement développemental dans la cognition : trajectoires d'organisation perceptuelle typiques et atypiques /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24713003.
Amat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023.
This thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors
Rynikiewicz, Christophe. "Contrainte d'environnement global et changement technique induit : vers des trajectoires d'innovations radicales dans la sidérurgie." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21013.
This thesis aims to investigate the responses of the steel industry sector to the global carbon constraint (permits, taxes) and specifically the ULCOS (Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking) technologies. The analysis relates more precisely to the conditions of the greening of innovations, the selection of new incremental and radical innovation and the inter-technology competition. It takes into account the uncertainty of the selection environment (evolution of the prices of energy, carbon, raw materials, steel demand, conditions of competition). The influence of the modification of the induced relative prices under different simulations is dealt with a partial equilibrium model. Complementary concepts of industrial economics and investment under uncertainty related to the decision, adoption and diffusion of technologies have been explored. I highlight the promising complementary work of integrating anticipation of actors and imperfect competition. The methodology developed is potentially useful for other sectors (industries of cement, paper, aluminium…). This case study on steelmaking illustrates the theoretical framework of the pluridisciplinary scientific agenda IHDP-Industrial Transformation that combines evolutionary and neoclassical economics of technical change
Amat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023/document.
This thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors
Fel, Fabienne. "Les trajectoires de mise en oeuvre des démarches d'ingénierie concourante." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100089.
A very large number of firms try today to speed up the avaibility of their new products in the market. To achieve this, they implement within their new product development process approaches known as concurrent engineering. These processes require both significant organizational changes and the use of computerized tools. Our research aims at defining and analysing the trajectories followed by companies during the implementation of these processes ; it also aims at studying the link between the followed trajectories and the result of the processes devoted to the speeding up of the development measured from the angle of time limits reduction. To achieve our goals, we conducted a study among 250 french firms from various industries. We gathered from these companies data regarding, on the one hand, the means and tools used for concurrent engineering, and on the other hand, the time when they were implemented. Our results prove the existence of very differentiated trajectories, althought some main trends can be identified. We suggest a classification of the trajectories along the two axes that most diffentiate these trajectories : the first axis regards the nature either brutal or progressive of the changes brought in the development process ; the second axis reviews the means implemented according to their type (organizational means or computerized tools). The analysis of the link between followed trajectories and the results of the concurrent engineering processes highlights the existence of a threshold effect, the latter requires the implementation of a large enough number of means of concurrent engineering to reduce development cycles. Our results also show the absence of a link between followed trajectories and the success or failure of development acceleration process
Zgheib, Taline. "Trajectoires du risque avalancheux résultant de changements sociaux-environnementaux dans les hautes vallées des Alpes françaises." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALU010.
Snow avalanches are prevalent processes in mountain areas, threatening people, destroying buildings and blocking roads. Historically, approaches to reduce avalanche risk were based on the sole hazard component of risk. Recently, more comprehensive risk analyses emerged that couple hazard, exposure and vulnerability. However, existing implementations remain more often than not static, neglecting long term changes in the risk resulting from the simultaneous evolution of its three components. They also ignore the small-scale spatio-temporal patterns in the social (e.g. population dynamics, economy) and natural systems (e.g. evolution ofecosystems, climate change) as well as in their interactions (e.g. forest logging). Consequently, local variability in avalanche risk trajectories cannot be accounted for. Eventually, risk estimates generated within a quantitative risk framework generally neglect land cover changes, notably forest cover evolution, that can potentially alter avalanche activity and, hence, avalanche risk.On this basis, the aims of this PhD are to (i) develop an integrative qualitative approach combining knowledge from natural and social sciences to assess long term changes in avalanche risk and in all its components, hazard, vulnerability and exposure, as function of changes in their socio-economic and environmental drivers, (ii) investigate to which extent local socioeconomic, land cover and climatic peculiarities may lead to spatial and temporal disparities in risk trajectories and (iii) propose quantitative avalanche risk estimates that take into account changes in forest cover within avalanche paths. Herein, the focus is on the high mountains of the French Alps for the 1860-2017 period, a highly active avalanche area that witnessed important socio-economic and environmental changes over the years. All in all, this PhD illustrates how strongly snow avalanche risk evolves in space and time, as function of changes in its components and drivers. Ultimately, the work proposed may be of great interest for stakeholders looking to elaborate effective risk protection strategies that consider the complex dynamics of the human and natural systems
Vincensini, Caroline. "Les trajectoires nationales de propriété en Pologne, Hongrie et République tchèque : une analyse comparative du changement institutionnel post-socialiste." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010018.
Fouqueray, Timothée. "Adaptations aux incertitudes climatiques de long terme : trajectoires socio-écologiques de la gestion forestière française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA029.
Adapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber and biofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role
Lauria, Philippe. "L'approche évolutionniste en économie du changement technique : concepts et mise en oeuvre : un modèle à deux marchés de trajectoires d'entreprises." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21011.
Taking up biological topics and models and following the heterodox questions of dynamic economics (schumpter, simon. . . ), the evolutionary approach is an attempt to aviod the empediments of technical change analysis. The contribution starts with a systematic explanation of evolutionary fundations (bounded rationality, diversity in structures and firm behaviours, disequilibrium) and concepts (competition and selection, routines, paradigms and techno-economic trajectories). The methodological outlets are of two kinds : taxinomies of industrial structures behavioral models. The second contribution is an analysis of a simulation model (silverberg, 1988) of techno-economic firms trajectories with learning. The model is then extended to give elements of answer to the problem of competition under a require of products variety
Asquin, Alain. "La dynamique processuelle des trajectoires organisationnelles : une reconsidération critique des représentations du changement par la mise en évidence d'un principe d'équilibration entre expérience et expérimentation." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0046.
Traditional perpectives on organisational dynamics are mainly determinist or reversluy too much confident in social actorss. In order to outmach such proposals, one can develop a processual point of view the processual aspect is due to a gradual motion of organisation, based on the combination of experience and seach for new experimentations. This combination prevent from the traps of mere exploitation or mere exploration and preserve the firm viability. Models of evolutionary economics are usefull for organisational theory. They sublign the deep conceptual interest of a gradually developped "trajectory" therefore, this stream is still residually determinist. This lead to investigate what could be endogeneous in fluctuations of trajectory dynamics. The crossing of self-organisation principles and theory of "ambiguity" generale a very intresting flied for research. Then, we propose an original model for evolution based on the interaction of three main factors: micro-diversity, incompletedness and organisational learning
Germain, Valérie. "La construction des trajectoires d'entrée dans la vie adulte. Permanences et changements dans le contexte de massification de l'enseignement supérieur." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011620.
Germain, Valérie. "La construction des trajectoires d’entrée dans la vie adulte : Permanences et changements dans le contexte de massification de l’enseignement supérieur." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3032.
The transition into adulthood is a process spread in time. It starts with people moving from their parents' homes, graduating and integrating the labour market, and moving into a coupled life. In a society with rising educational achievements, the timing of these life transitions has changed. Most students move into independent housing arrangements during their studies even though the majority are still financially dependent on parents. Full integration into the labour market happens at a later stage and most students have temporary jobs while studying. Moreover, most students do not settle down into a coupled life until the end of their education with few of them getting into couples during this phase. Throughout this thesis, these different events are studied in order to explore the complex transmissions into adulthood. This work relies on retrospective longitudinal data combining both the quantitative DEP Panel of 1989 and additional qualitative data based on 53 interviews. These data were used to identify a typology of modes of transition into adulthood and to shed light on the interactions between the different spheres: Study, employment, cohabitation, and the birth of children
Chantre, Emilia. "Apprentissages des agriculteurs vers la réduction d’intrants en grandes cultures : Cas de la Champagne Berrichonne de l’Indre dans les années 1985-2010." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0046/document.
Taking into account farmers' experience is essential to develop “ecological intensification” of agriculture. This paradigm shift within agronomic knowledge production raises questions about farmers' learning processes.Based on interviews conducted in Champagne Berrichonne of Indre with twenty cereal growers, who have reduced the use of pesticides and nitrogen over the course of their professional career, this thesis provides evidence on : (i) the different trajectories adopted in changing farming practices in the area studied, (ii) the dynamics of knowledge during these trajectories and (iii) the diversity of the ways farmers learn about technical change. Our methodological approach, borrowing some concepts of “professional didactic” (a French field of psychology) enables us to analyze trajectories as a combination of phases of agronomic coherence, to identify key practices of these transitions, and to characterize learning styles according to the mobilization of other individuals, the farmer's experiences and their references of evaluation. The content of learning is addressed through an analysis of pragmatic judgments which proved to be partially different for each particular trajectory.On the agronomic front, our results offer new perspectives to deal which the dynamics of technical change in farming systems or to develop approaches for territorial diagnosis and farming system design. The identification of learning styles is an interesting perspective to deal with learning issues in work situations. Finally, in operational terms, this work provides useful tools for experimental work in innovative cropping systems, and more generally for agricultural advice
Hornborg, Alf. "Dualism and hierarchy in lowland South America trajectories of indigenous social organization /." Uppsala : Stockholm, Sweden : Academiae Upsaliensis ; Distributed by Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18210588.html.
Boulogne, Marine. "Vulnérabilité des paysages forestiers dans le parc de Ranomafana (Madagascar) : dynamiques environnementales et trajectoires agroforestières." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU018/document.
In the context of currents environmental changes, and deal with anthropogenic pressures, the preservation of tropical forest has become a major issue. In this context, Madagascar island has implemented a new forest policy since 1990, having garnered the creation of protected areas. Ranomafana National Park has been created in 1991 and classify as World heritage in 2007. The establishment of a landscape dynamics monitoring at the local level, using remote sensing, allow analysis of forest changes faces anthropogenic pressures, taking into account the specificities of the study area. This monitoring allows to observe past and crurrent pressures on forest and point landscape trajectories. In addition, the forest bioclimatic activity monitoring examines the impact of climatic conditions and land use change on vegetation dynamics. The trend is the global reduction of forest cover mainly of lowland forest. Forest degradation rate during these past 25 years is estimated at 0,62%/year. These variations are different depending on the distance to the Park. Furthermore, analysis of photosynthetic activity reveals a general decline in values over the study period, regardless of the plant community type studied.Keys-words : Madagascar, remote sensing, tropical forests, Land-use change
Favreau, Jean-Luc. "Durabilité des exploitations en agriculture biologique : une analyse de la diversité des situations et des trajectoires d'évolution en Midi-Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058072.
Ortiz, Wilches Ilich. "Changement structurel et contrainte de balance des paiements dans les pays en voie d’industrialisation : une analyse comparative des trajectoires de développement de la Colombie et de la Corée du sud." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0287/document.
In the first part, the thesis discusses structural change, not only from offerconditions but also from the point of view of the demand parameters. Following theHarrod, Prebisch, Kaldor and Thirlwall analysis, we identified the existence of astructural constraint to growth, as a result of the particular foreign trade dynamic inthe less advanced economies (demand for imports vs. demand for exports). Weexamined the different theoretical models that formalize such restriction and, weelaborated a Thirlwall's Law empirical test in five emerging economies (Brazil,Colombia, Singapore, South Korea and Malaysia).In the second part, the thesis examines the structural change process in South Koreaand Colombia, in order to understand how these countries, have deal with thisrestriction and how it has impacted their long-term economic growth. To accomplishthis historical analysis, the key concepts of French regulation school areincorporated
Myers, Vincent. "Le traitement, l'interprétation et l'exploitation d'images sonar à antenne synthétique obtenues à partir de trajectoires répétitives." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0002.
There are many scenarios which call for the surveillance of an underwater scene by means of repeated surveys with high-frequency imaging sonar in order to detect changes which may have occurred during the intervening time interval. With the growing availability of commercial synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems it becomes possible to exploit the phase coherence between two complex SAS images in order to detect scene changes which are subtle or even invisible to approaches using only the amplitude of the images. This thesis examines the concept of coherent change detection (CCD) using SAS imagery obtained from separate, repeated passes over the same area. As the images must be processed interferometrically, the challenging problem of co-registration is addressed, with approaches based on image warping as well as renavigation / re-imaging. False alarm reduction techniques are also examined in order to mitigate detections caused by coherence losses which are not attributed to the insertion or removal of targets of interest. The proposed methods are tested on several repeat-pass SAS images collected during experiments at sea, spanning multiple frequency bands and environmental conditions, and show that SAS CCD is not only possible, but also able to detect very subtle scene changes that not observable using standard approaches
Plard, Floriane. "Variation in individual life-history trajectories and its consequence on population dynamics : the case of roe deer." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986868.
Ollier, Camille. "Cultiver l'absence : trajectoires et relations paysagères en pays Diola (Basse Casamance - Sénégal méridional)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20100.
Rice fields and rice-growing practices in Lower Casamance (southern Senegal) are as striking for their presence as for their absence. Or rather, they are striking because of their decline, in a context marked by major agro-ecological changes, but also by rural and agricultural abandonment and labour migration. These declines call into question the evolution of the region's historic landscapes, divided between rice fields and villages sheltered under the forest. Since the 1960s, geography studies have consistently shown the extent to which Diola society has been affected by major climatic upheavals. Anthropologists have emphasised the socio-economic changes in lifestyles, and in particular the urban migrations - whether permanent or long-term - that have helped to replace family food-producing agrosystems with societies that are fully integrated into the logic of employment and globalised food practices. What remained to examine was the very large scale, to compare it with the regional logics already described, as well as the local point of view on these upheavals. Few studies are based on extensive ethnographic data, and the Diola point of view on landscape changes has only been the focus of attention in the recent years. This study explores the notion of landscape trajectory, bringing together the contributions of traditional landscape analysis in geography and those of social anthropology via ethnographic methods. Diachronic analysis of satellite images (2003 and 2021) allows to map land use changes in two villages, and clearly shows the extent to which the environmental and socio-economic factors at work are transforming rice-growing landscapes on a very large scale. The surveys, as well as the toponymic study, made it possible to take into account both the current state of the landscapes and the memory of their past states. The qualitative treatment of the interviews and biographical surveys provided major counterpoints to this interpretation based on agro-ecological trajectories. The ethnographic survey highlighted the extent to which rice-growing was both a highly variable practice and a central cultural invariant in family and social organisation.Taking on board the local point of view and the indigenous discourse greatly complicates a landscape analysis based, at first sight, on the materiality of spaces and the temporality of their transformations. The new ways in which the Diola live, work and move around, as well as the changing way in which each individual projects him- or herself within the group, mean that it is no longer the changes in the landscape that need to be examined, but rather the changing timescales according to which individuals live, work or abandon the spaces in question. Landscape trajectories then no longer refer to the dynamics of the material spaces seen and experienced, but to the different ways and timescales in which individuals project themselves into the world.By cultivating absence, the Diola are not ceasing to cultivate rice, or even to form a group. On the contrary, the social dynamics, past and present, individual and collective, show that objects understood as traditional (rice-growing and the associated landscapes) are constantly being reinvested, reworked and reshaped by the environmental, socio-economic and family context. Against the idea of an inexorable degradation of landscapes and ancient agricultural practices, this thesis proposes to combine the contributions of geography and anthropology in order to reinterrogate the notions of landscape trajectories and temporalities, and thus to understand them as individual, relational, phenomenological and resolutely complex objects
Chantre, Emilia. "Apprentissages des agriculteurs vers la réduction d'intrants en grandes cultures : Cas de la Champagne Berrichonne dans les années 1985-2010." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675226.
Nézereau, Célia. "Étude des trajectoires développementales d'enfants et d’adultes avec trouble du spectre de l’autisme bénéficiant du programme IDDEES, incluant de nouvelles technologies d’apprentissage scolaire et de communication (LearnEnjoy)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB193/document.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) became a national and international public health priority. As such, many tools and different types of care are offered with varying degrees of success for those affected. That's why the latest recommendations of the High Authority for Health (HAS, 2012) and the governmental plan for autism 2013-2017 stress the importance of conducting objective studies on the evolution and care of people Carriers. This research, which includes 2 separate studies, aims to (1) objectify the effectiveness of an innovative device for developmental intervention in a standard environment for persons with ASD (Program' IDHSFS : Intervention-Development-Home-School-Firm-Supervision) and (2) show the benefit of using of new technologies (LearnEnjoy' applications) associated to this program on functional dyregulation and their repetitive and restricted behaviours. Participants of study 1, are children aged 1-9 years with ASD and all with Program' IDHSFS (N = 51 children). The diagnosis was based on DSM-5 criteria (APA, 2013) and the quantitative assessment scale, CARS (Schopler, Reichler & Renner, 1988). Children were assessed at 3 different times (10 months apart), developmental evaluation (PEP-3, Schopler, Lansing, & Reichler, 2010, EDEI-R, Perron-Borelli) and behavioral evaluation (CARS, Schopler, & al, 1988). The study 2 population is constituted of 31 children and teenagers aged 3 to 17 years and 9 adults aged 17 to 38 years, benefiting from the Program' IDHSFS and the use of LearnEnjoy' applications in their weekly socio-cognitive rehabilitation sessions. Every three months, for 2 years, expert in autism coaches of these people established some scales allowing to analyze the evolution of their activity's regulation (RAMG, Adrien, 1996) and their repetitive and restricted behaviours. (EC2R, Bourreau, Gomot, Roux and Barthélémy, 2009). The results of the first study shows an evolution of the developmental ages and a decrease in the autistic symptomatology of people benefiting from the IDDEES program, regardless of the real age and intensity of the autistic disorder at the start of the study. The results of the second, show that people benefiting from both the Program' IDHSFS and the LearnEnjoy' applications, after a necessary period of adaptation, manage to regulate better and better over the months. Moreover, their repetitive and restricted behaviours, and their resistance to change decreases in favor of greater mental flexibility. The IDDEES program, which takes into account the atypical development and the dysregulated functioning of people with ASD, is a good method for their development and adaptation to the physical and social environment. For professionals who respect ethical standards and are keen to improve the quality of life of these people, it is essential to offer high-quality and recognized interventions
Hamila, Ahmed. "Sortir du placard, entrer en Europe. La fabrique des réfugié.es LGBTI en Belgique, en France et au Royaume-Uni." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/304412/4/TDM.pdf.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
De, Moraes Rocha Katiane. "Une étude des effets du travail documentaire et collectif sur le développement professionnel des enseignants de mathématiques : apport des concepts d'expérience et de trajectoire documentaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN014/document.
The thesis deals with the construction of experience, in France, by mathematics teachers when they interact with the resources of their teaching throughout their career. It is particularly interested in the impact of the introduction of algorithmics and programming -proposed by the 2016 reform -on their documentational work. For this study, we propose a theoretical framework based on the documentational approach to didactics and on the professional didactics. We are interested in events (related to individual and / or collective work) that have the potential to transform teachers’ documentational work over time, introducing the concepts of documentational trajectory and experience. We have developed a methodological framework inspired by the principles of reflective investigation. We followed then two middle schools mid-career teachers: Anna and Viviane. The two teachers were chosen for their contrasted profiles in relation to the collective work. The study highlights that teachers interact in a very different way with resources and their documentational trajectories help to understand what is behind these differences. Finally, it highlights the potential of collective work for the professional development of teachers, in particular to cope with curriculum changes
A tese trata da construção da experiência por professores de matemática, na França, quando eles interagem com os recursos para preparar o seu ensino durante toda carreira profissional. Ela se interessa particularmente pelo impacto da introdução do ensino de algoritmo e da programação no ensino fundamental -proposta pela reforma de 2016- sobre o trabalho documental dos professores. Para este estudo, propomos um referencial teórico baseado na abordagem documental do didático e da didática profissional. Estamos interessados em eventos (relacionados ao trabalho individual e/ou coletivo) que transformam o trabalho documental dos professores 8 ao longo do tempo, introduzindo para isso os conceitos de trajetória e experiência documentais. Desenvolvemos um quadro metodológico inspirado nos princípios da investigação reflexiva. Nós seguimos assim duas professoras (em meio de carreira) do ensino fundamental: Anna e Viviane. As duas professoras foram escolhidas por seus perfis diferentes em relação ao trabalho coletivo. O estudo mostra que as professoras interagem de forma diferente com os recursos e que suas trajetórias documentais ajudam a entender o que está por trás dessas diferenças. Finalmente, a tese destaca o potencial do trabalho coletivo para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores, em particular para lidar com as mudanças curriculares
Merlin, Céline. "L'innovation dans les services publics : le cas de la Poste." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/05e26649-9bfa-4d1b-87ec-5d1a542868c9.
Cardona, Aurélie. "L'agriculture à l'épreuve de l'écologisation : éléments pour une sociologie des transitions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0132.
In spite of measures aiming to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, changes in farming practices remain modest while societal concerns continue to rise. The environmental mission assigned to agriculture is complex and subject to interpretation. The growing number of diverse stakeholders turning their attention to farming increases the demands placed on agriculture. In this context, the goal of this thesis is first, to understand how a diversity of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders involve themselves in transition processes towards more environmentally-soundagriculture and second, to understand the effect of their involvement on farmers practices. To achieve this, I relied on a pragmatic approach wich highlights "frictions", as well as "holdfasts" used by stakeholders and makes it possible to give a faithful account of their interpretations and experience of transition processes. Based on a socio-historical analysis and three case-studies from the Paris region, I characterized, first, the conditions of the emergence of movements promoting change in agriculture practices, second, the enrollment processes throught wich the issue of transition makes sense and, third, the changes in terms of both agricultural practices and forms of governance of those changes as well. The study shows that transition processes emerge as the result of adjustements between diverse stakeholders embedded in different communities. This analysis suggests the emergence of a "territoire-based contribution" model of change, where a diversity of stakeholders contributes by their discourse and actions to the ecologization of agriculture in their territoire
Vayssière, Anaëlle. "Trajectoires et processus fluviaux dans la moyenne vallée du Cher du Tardiglaciaire à la période actuelle : métamorphose fluviale, réponses aux forçages sociétaux et ajustements des chenaux et des bras mort." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H063.
This research aims to provide an integrated approach to the evolution of a floodplain in relation to climatic and-anthropogenic controls. This study was conducted on two sites in the middle Cher valley. The objective is to characterize the sensitivity of river environments to major climatic variations of the Lateglacial-Holocene transition and to smoother variations of the recent Holocene, but also to understand the responses to the impact of societies since the Neolithic. The results highlight two main temporalities. First, the transition from the Lateglacial to the Holocene (15,000- 11,5000 cal. BP) reflects a climatic control that has led to a fluvial metamorphosis of the river pattern from a multi-channel to a meandering river. The second half of the Holocene corresponds to a period of high meander mobility within the floodplain. This very high channel mobility observed up to the middle of the Middle Ages contrasts very strongly with the current situation, which is characterized by very low migration rate. This major morphodynamic change is to be linked to hydraulic and proto-industrial structures installed since the medieval period. This heavy and densely distributed equipment along the river is a strong obstacle to the mobility of the river. These results therefore highlight different forcings. Thus, the control are of a climatic nature during most of the Holocene and anthropogenic forcing remains moderate and discontinuous. It was from the middle of the Middle Ages that anthropogenic control became fully established until it permanently modified hydrological and morphosedimentary dynamics
Beaubatie, Emmanuel. "Transfuges de sexe. Genre, santé et sexualité dans les parcours d'hommes et de femmes trans' en France." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0049.
The organization of the medical and juridical treatment of sex changes raises controversies. To be authorized to access hormones and surgeries, trans individuals have to undergo a psychiatric evaluation. In order to modify their civil status, they also need to provide the judge with evidences that justify their demand. In this context, trans persons claim their right to have control over their own body and to receive social recognition. While professionals and activists seem firmly opposed in this debate, they are two interdependent and plural groups of actors. This dissertation first historicizes their interactions and their heterogeneities. Then, it explores the internal diversity of the trans population in a gender perspective. Based on a qualitative survey and on the secondary analysis of a quantitative survey, this research studies how gender shapes transitions, their timing and the material conditions in which they are pursued. Trans men and trans women do not have the same trajectories in terms of conjugality, family and professional career. Their sex changes take place in different self-constructions, including regarding sexuality and the perception of HIV risk. Also, FtMs (female-to-male) experiment social ascension whereas MtFs (male-to-female) face dropout. Sex mobility is possible, but trans individuals cannot avoid the mark of gender
Izumo, Takeshi. "Le sous-courant équatorial et les échanges de masse et de chaleur associés dans le Pacifique tropical : variabilité, liens avec les événements El Nino-La Nina." Toulouse 3, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006355.
The equatorial undercurrent (EUC), the shallow meridional overturnings cells feeding it, and their essential role in the equatorial Pacific for El Niño and decadal variability, are studied using both in situ data and model. Trajectories of water masses in a realistic numerical model reveal complex and asymmetric recharges/discharges associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño-La Niña events. Using TAO/TRITON moored data of current and temperature at the equator, with their gaps carefully filled, continuous time series of mass transport, temperature, depth and kinetic energy of the EUC are constructed over 1980-2002 and analysed. Over 1951-1999 in the validated model, EUC, pycnocline convergence, surface divergence and equatorial upwelling have the same variations in mass transport, all caused by zonal wind stretch integrated zonally, in agreement with linear theories. The strong impacts of these variations in mass transport and of those in temperature on mass and heat budgets are quantified
Sancho, Marie-Claire. "L’importance du conflit identitaire majeur et de la perte d’identité sur le changement de trajectoire de vie." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4919.
An important number of individuals suffer from negative consequences associated with a negative social identity (i.e., members of street gangs). A number of them are able to get rid of that identity, whereas others continue to belong to a negative group. We theorize that individuals who no longer identify to a negative group are those who integrate a pro-social identity, in conflict with their original identity. In this thesis, we bring forward the argument that in the presence of a strong identity conflict between two identities; the identity integration process follows a subtractive pattern. In order to support this statement, the five following sub-hypotheses have been tested: a high level of identity conflict predicts a low level of identification towards the identity with a perceived lower status (hypothesis 1). The status attributed to an identity predicts of the level of identification toward that identity (hypothesis 2). A high level of identity integration of the new identity predicts a low level of identification towards the identity with the perceived lower status (hypothesis 3). A high level of identity integration of the new identity predicts a low level of deviance (study 1) and alcoholism (study 2) (hypothesis 4). Finally, a high level of identity integration of the new identity predicts a high level of well-being (hypothesis 5). Results from the first study (N=42), conducted on a sample of young girls placed in a rehabilitation center, support hypothesis 2 and 3 whereas results from study 2 (N=28), conducted on a sample of individuals member of Alcoholics Anonymous, support hypotheses 2 and 5.
Acier, Didier. "Cinq ans après : trajectoire de consommation et processus de changement dans un échantillon présentant une comorbidité psychiatrique." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6346.
Auger, Emilie. "Changements sociaux, instabilité et bien-être psychologique : le rôle de la trajectoire de la privation relative." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5179.
Temporal comparisons are essential for one’s self evaluation. Several studies have examined the negative consequences of being dissatisfied after unfavorable temporal comparisons (i.e., having a feeling of relative deprivation). However, few studies have examined how changes in relative deprivation affect well-being. The present master’s thesis proposes that feeling different levels of relative deprivation over time (i.e., an unstable trajectory of relative deprivation) negatively affects people’s well-being. Three experimental studies were conducted. Results showed that perceiving an unstable trajectory of relative deprivation negatively affects well-being. A fourth correlational study was conducted in Kyrgyzstan in order to examine whether perceptions of relative deprivation and instability measured retrospectively across a group’s history are associated with people’s well-being in times of social change. Results suggested that perceiving high instability and a high level of relative deprivation over time is negatively associated with well-being. The theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
Mc, Kay Krystina. "Une étude sur le processus de changement menant au désistement criminel d’un détenu purgeant une peine à perpétuité dans la collectivité." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16100.
This research explores the life trajectory of an offender serving a life sentence in the community after having been granted a full parole. The goal of this research is to identify which of the five main theoretical concepts, explaining the cessation of criminal behavior, best indicates what led him to cease his criminal behavior. To reach this objective, an exploratory qualitative research was preferred. A man serving a life sentence in the community was interviewed on numerous occasions. These interviews were aimed at getting the utmost account of his life story and then, by integrating the appropriate theories in the research process, selecting the concepts that best explained the cessation of his criminal behavior. A series of nine interviews, each one lasting approximately an hour and a half, were conducted. For the purpose of this memoir, the life story of Mr. P is presented and analyzed so has to illustrate the application of the main theoretical concepts linked to the cessation of criminal behavior. By analyzing the data collected, the importance of considering the identity concept in the cessation of criminal behavior was noted just as the psychological change that comes with it. The discussion also addresses certain intervention strategies that are likely to offer an improved support for people working with offenders serving long sentences. These interventions take into account the challenges that arise when working with this type of clientele and they aim at maximizing the social reinsertion potential of these individuals upon release.