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1
Meyer, Michael A. "L'action humanitaire: un compromis délicat." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 69, no. 767 (October 1987): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100093631.
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De plus en plus, un certain nombre d'organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) semblent revendiquer le droit d'apporter une assistance humanitaire en même temps que celui de dénoncer toute violation des droits de l'homme. Cette revendication, si elle est louable et compréhensible, ne correspond pas aux principes reconnus du droit et de la pratique en matière de secours. Nous examinerons ici quelques aspects de ce problème, notamment en ce qui concerne les dispositions du droit des traités applicables aux conflits armés et aux territoires occupés (Droit international humanitaire).
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Kornblum, Elisabeth. "Etude comparative de différents systèmes de rapports d'auto-évaluation portant sur le respect, par les Etats, de leurs obligations internationales(II)." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 77, no. 812 (April 1995): 155–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100092753.
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La procédure permettant de rendre compte de la mise en œuvre des traités de désarmement est appelée «vérification». Un des buts essentiels de la vérification est d'instaurer des rapports de confiance entre anciens adversaires, tout particulièrement les Etats-Unis et l'ex-URSS.Il n'existe pas de définition générale, officielle et universellement reconnue de la vérification, mais celle-ci comporte les éléments suivants:a) l'existence d'une obligation, dont il faut vérifier qu'elle est remplie et respectée;b) le recueil d'informations sur le respect de cette obligation;c) l'analyse, l'interprétation et l'évaluation — d'un point de vue technique, juridique et politique;d) une évaluation du respect ou du non-respect de l'obligation, qui met un terme à l'exercice de vérification. Bien qu'il puisse apparaître comme une conséquence logique de l'exercice, l'examen des réactions à envisager en cas d'éventuelle violation d'une obligation ne fait pas partie intégrante de la vérification.
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Désilets, Élise, Benoit Brisson, and Sébastien Hétu. "Sensitivity to social norm violation is related to political orientation." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): e0242996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242996.
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Human behavior is framed by several social structures. In the present study, we focus on two of the most important determinants of social structures: social norms and political orientation. Social norms are implicit models of shared expectations about how people should behave in different social contexts. Although humans are very sensitive to violations in social norms, there are important individual differences in our sensitivity to these violations. The second concept this study focuses on is political orientation that is define by a continuum from left (liberal) to right (conservative). Individual political orientation has been found to be related to various individual traits, such as cognitive style or sensitivity to negative stimuli. Here, we propose to study the relation between sensitivity to social norm violation and political orientation. Participants completed a task presenting scenarios with different degrees of social norm violation and a questionnaire to measure their political opinions on economic and identity issues. Using hierarchical regressions, we show that individual differences in sensitivity to social norm violation are partly explained by political orientation, and more precisely by the identity axis. The more individuals have right-oriented political opinions, the more they are sensitive to social norm violation, even when multiple demographics variables are considered. Our results suggest that political orientation, especially according to identity issues, is a significant factor of individual differences in social norm processing.
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Moty, Numrata, Manish Putteeraj, Jhoti Somanah, and Krishnee Adnarain-Appadoo. "Mapping Personality Traits and Gender-Based Stereotypes on Perceived Negotiation Skills." Businesses 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/businesses4010005.
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Implementing effective dispute resolution strategies such as negotiation has proved to be quite effective whenever there is a divergence of interest between two conflicting groups. This study aims to see if gender-based stereotypes or specific personality traits can positively or negatively influence negotiation skills in an attempt to improve the negotiation process, whereby individuals could be trained to adopt specific behaviors to obtain more favorable negotiation results. Using the expectancy violation theory (EVT) to analyze how individuals respond to unanticipated violations of social norms and expectations whilst negotiating, a quantitative study was carried out among legal officers working in private, public, and parastatal organizations in Mauritius. The sample size, 270, was calculated based on a population size of 899 as per records of the Mauritius Bar Council. The results demonstrate most legal officers were equipped with good negotiation skills, with no significant difference between males and females (U = 1138.50, p > 0.05), while a high level of neuroticism was indicative of poor negotiation skills (τb = −0.167, p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that participants agreed that their negotiation skills were influenced in gender-dominated meetings which align with the principles of the EVT, the violation of certain expected negotiation behavior based on gender impact negotiation outcomes. Since negotiation skills were significantly associated with negotiation outcomes (χ2(4) = 37.963, p < 0.05), this provides pointers to businesses on how to improve and optimize negotiation outcomes by choosing a negotiator with the most apt personality traits.
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Garfinkel, Paul E., R. Michael Bagby, EM Waring, and Barbara Dorian. "Boundary Violations and Personality Traits among Psychiatrists." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 7 (September 1997): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379704200709.
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Objective: To demonstrate that sexual abuse of patients by psychiatrists can be due to a variety of contributors, which may include therapists' psychopathic and narcissistic personality styles. Method: Data from a prospective cohort of residents training in psychiatry were examined to evaluate the personality traits of 2 psychiatrists subsequently convicted of boundary violations. Results: The 2 psychiatrists who lost their licenses were identifiable at the beginning of their residency training as individuals with significant character pathology. Conclusions: For some psychiatrists, repetitive sexual abuse of patients represents one aspect of an ongoing pattern of exploitative relationships. The professional and ethical implications of these findings as they relate to early identification for those at risk are considered.
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Sharma, Abhishek, Chandana Hewege, and Chamila Perera. "Violations of CSR Practices in the Australian Financial Industry: How Is the Decision-Making Power of Australian Women Implicated?" Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010777.
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Financial institutions have made significant efforts in recent decades to integrate CSR activities into their core business approaches; however, several studies have shown that CSR violations have increased in the Australian financial industry, with financial institutions engaging in unethical practices and deceptive strategies to benefit their organizational profits over consumer interests. So far, research has shed light on how financial institutions have used CSR violation and manipulative strategies to bias consumer decision making, but there has been little investigation into how these manipulative techniques bias an individual’s rational, emotional, and decision-making powers when purchasing financial products. As a result, this study employs the theoretical notions of the emotion-imbued choice model (EIC) to investigate on how rational decision making, along with moderating effects of emotions (such as anxiety) and behavioural traits (such self-efficacy), influence the decision-making powers of Australian women when making financial product purchase decisions. It employs an online survey with 357 usable responses from Australian women, where several complex products and services are offered, and contentious claims of financial misconducts are reported. Data analysis is carried out through SPSS where regression analysis is performed along with double moderation performed through Hayes Process Model 2, with anxiety and self-efficacy chosen as moderators. Results reveal that anxiety significantly affects decision-making power of Australian women whereas moderating effects of self-efficacy was found to be insignificant. In addition, the regression results also showed that in the face of CSR violations, rational decision making has the greater influence on decision-making power of Australian women as compared to anxiety and self-efficacy. This study will be useful to a wide range of stakeholders, including the government, regulators, marketers, CSR activists, consumer watchdogs as they provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between rationality, emotions, and behavioural traits and how they affect the decision making of Australian women when making financial product purchase decisions.
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Liu, Wenlong, and Yanying Wang. "Analysis of the Characters' Personalities in Everyday Use from the Perspective of Violating the Principle of Cooperation." International Journal of Education and Humanities 8, no. 3 (May 17, 2023): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v8i3.8328.
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This study examines the personality traits of characters in Everyday Use through the lens of violating the cooperative principle. The purpose is to analyze how characters' communication behaviors reflect their individual personalities. The methods include identifying examples of violating the cooperative principle in the text and analyzing their implications for character traits. The findings suggest that the characters' communication behaviors reveal their unique personality traits by violating the cooperative principle, which contributes to the understanding of literary analysis.
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Alexeeva, Oksana, and Lilia Mindubaeva. "A pathogenetic role of personality traits in patients with vertebrogenic pain syndromes." Manual Therapy, no. 3-4 (January 3, 2024): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54504/1684-6753-2023-3-4-65-68.
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Ndyulo, Lisa, and Nomalanga Mashinini. "Setting boundaries for image misappropriations through online catfishing." South African Mercantile Law Journal 34, no. 3 (2022): 332–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/samlj/v34/i3a2.
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Social networking platforms have popularised catfishing, which entails creating and using a fake social media account to exploit other users. Catfishing involves acts of online misappropriation because the traits of a person’s identity, such as a name and photograph, can be used by a catfish to pose as another person to deceive other users. Image rights are frequently affected by such acts of impersonation. This article determines whether mere misappropriation of identity suffices as a cause of action for image rights violations. The South African courts must clarify whether mere misappropriation constitutes a ground for violating identity in catfishing cases. Thus, the courts should recognise mere misappropriation as sufficient to yield a claim when the falsification and commercial exploitation of identity cannot be proven. Such an approach will allow for the speedy resolution of disputes and will also ensure that justice is served before the plaintiff suffers irreparable harm as a result of image misappropriations on social media.
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Ju, Uijong. "Task and Resting-State Functional Connectivity Predict Driving Violations." Brain Sciences 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13091236.
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Aberrant driving behaviors cause accidents; however, there is a lack of understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these behaviors. To address this issue, a task and resting-state functional connectivity was used to predict aberrant driving behavior and associated personality traits. The study included 29 right-handed participants with driving licenses issued for more than 1 year. During the functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, participants first recorded their resting state and then watched a driving video while continuously rating the risk and speed on each block. Functional connectome-based predictive modeling was employed for whole brain tasks and resting-state functional connectivity to predict driving behavior (violation, error, and lapses), sensation-seeking, and impulsivity. Resting state and task-based functional connectivity were found to significantly predict driving violations, with resting state significantly predicting lapses and task-based functional connectivity showing a tendency to predict errors. Conversely, neither impulsivity nor sensation-seeking was associated with functional connectivity. The results suggest a significant association between aberrant driving behavior, but a nonsignificant association between impulsivity and sensation-seeking, and task-based or resting state functional connectivity. This could provide a deeper understanding of the neural processing underlying reckless driving that may ultimately be used to prevent accidents.
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Sartre, Patrice, and Olivier Hosotte. "Le Traité sur le commerce des armes." Études Tome 417, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4167.0019.
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Résumé Pour réguler les transferts internationaux d’armes conventionnelles, le projet de traité qui se joue à l’Organisation des Nations Unies à New York, du 2 au 27 juillet 2012, affiche deux ambitions : la lutte contre leur commerce illégal et l’élimination, au sein du commerce légal, de la part « irresponsable » car déstabilisatrice ou complice de violations des droits de l’homme.
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Waschbusch, Daniel A., Paulo A. Graziano, Michael T. Willoughby, and William E. Pelham. "Classroom Rule Violations in Elementary School Students With Callous-Unemotional Traits." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 23, no. 3 (October 21, 2014): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426614552903.
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Eden, Allison, Mary Beth Oliver, Ron Tamborini, Anthony Limperos, and Julia Woolley. "Perceptions of Moral Violations and Personality Traits Among Heroes and Villains." Mass Communication and Society 18, no. 2 (June 13, 2014): 186–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2014.923462.
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Harenski, Carla L., Keith A. Harenski, and Kent A. Kiehl. "Neural processing of moral violations among incarcerated adolescents with psychopathic traits." Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 10 (October 2014): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2014.09.002.
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Pfanner, Toni. "Création d'une cour criminelle internationale permanente: Conférence diplomatique de Rome: résultats escomptés par le CICR." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 80, no. 829 (March 1998): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100062961.
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Les violations du droit international humanitaire ne sont pas un phénomène nouveau. L'idée de la création d'une cour criminelle internationale chargée de réprimer ces violations n'est pas non plus nouvelle. Le premier projet établissant un lien entre les violations d'un traité humanitaire—en l'occurrence, la Convention de Genève de 1864 pour l'amélioration du sort des militaires blessés dans les armées en campagne—et l'imposition de sanctions pénales par un organe judiciaire international permanent est dû à Gustave Moynier, l'un des fondateurs du CICR. Néanmoins, ce projet, comme bien d'autres, ne s'est pas concrétisé.
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Gambeta, Vaughn, and Roy Kwon. "Risk Return Trade-Off in Relaxed Risk Parity Portfolio Optimization." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 10 (October 4, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13100237.
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This paper formulates a relaxed risk parity optimization model to control the balance of risk parity violation against the total portfolio performance. Risk parity has been criticized as being overly conservative and it is improved by re-introducing the asset expected returns into the model and permitting the portfolio to violate the risk parity condition. This paper proposes the incorporation of an explicit target return goal with an intuitive target return approach into a second-order-cone model of a risk parity optimization. When the target return is greater than risk parity return, a violation to risk parity allocations occurs that is controlled using a computational construct to obtain near-risk parity portfolios to retain as much risk parity-like traits as possible. This model is used to demonstrate empirically that higher returns can be achieved than risk parity without the risk contributions deviating dramatically from the risk parity allocations. Furthermore, this study reveals that the relaxed risk parity model exhibits advantageous traits of robustness to expected returns, which should not deter the use of expected returns in risk parity model.
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HORI, Hiromoto, Yumiko KAMISE, Hideo SIMOMURA, Hiroyuki KONNO, and Koichi OKAMOTO. "A STUDY OF RELATION OF VIOLATIONS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS IN WORK PLACE." SOCIOTECHNICA 1 (2003): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3392/sociotechnica.1.248.
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Endriulaitienė, A., L. Šeibokaitė, R. Markšaitytė, K. Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė, A. Pranckevičienė, and A. Stelmokienė. "SKIRTINGŲ GRUPIŲ VAIRUOTOJŲ SAVIŽINA VERTINAMO RIZIKINGO VAIRAVIMO IR ASMENYBĖS BRUOŽŲ SĄSAJOS." Psichologija 48 (January 1, 2013): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2013.1.2628.
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Mokslininkai sutinka, kad rizikingas vairavimas yra vienas svarbiausių veiksnių, nulemiančių avaringumą keliuose, o asmenybės bruožai gali padėti tokį vairavimą numatyti. Vis dėlto asmenybės bruožų svarba rizikingam skirtingų grupių vairuotojų vairavimui yra nevienoda. Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti penkių didžiųjų asmenybės bruožų ir savižina vertinamo rizikingo vairavimo sąsajas skirtingose vairuotojų grupėse. Tyrime dalyvavo 143 pradedantys vairuoti asmenys, 231 jaunas vairuotojas, 239 patyrę vairuotojai ir 165 profesionalūs vairuotojai. Visi jie pildė Vairuotojų elgesio klausimyną bei Penkių didžiųjų asmenybės bruožų klausimyną. Pradedančių vairuoti asmenų grupėje sąsajų tarp asmenybės bruožų ir rizikingo vairavimo nenustatyta. Ekstraversijos ir sąmoningumo bruožų svarba beveik nepriklauso nuo vairuotojų imties, jie paaiškina jaunų vairuotojų vyrų, patyrusių vairuotojų ir profesionalių vairuotojų subjektyviai vertinamą rizikingą vairavimą. Neurotiškumo, sutariamumo bei atvirumo patirčiai bruožų ir polinkio rizikingai vairuoti sąsajos skiriasi jaunų, patyrusių bei profesionalių vairuotojų grupėse. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog subjektyviai vertinamo polinkio rizikingai vairuoti ir asmenybės bruožų sąsajoms svarbios sociodemografinės vairuotojo charakteristikos, nurodančios, kad skirtingų grupių vairuotojai rizikingai vairuoja dėl skirtingų priežasčių.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: penki didieji asmenybės bruožai, subjektyviai vertinamas rizikingas vairavimas, pradedantieji, jauni, patyrę ir profesionalūs vairuotojai.THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-REPORTED RISKY DRIVING AND PERSONALITY TRAITS IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF DRIVERSEndriulaitienė A., Šeibokaitė L., Markšaitytė R., Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė K., Pranckevičienė A., Stelmokienė A. SummaryResearchers agree that risky driving is one of the most important contributors to traffic accidents, and it is influenced by personality traits. While the past research has revealed contradictory findings as to the value of personality in different driving contexts, the prediction of self-reported risky driving using personality traits is complicated. The lack of consistent findings might be due to the underestimation of the drivers’ sample, type or driving context. The present study aimed to analyse the relationships between Big Five personality traits and self-reported risky driving in four different samples of drivers.The volunteer participants of the study were 143 novice drivers (with the driving experience no longer than one year, 67 males and 76 females); 231 young drivers (130 males, 104 females); 239 experienced drivers (134 males, 149 females); 165 professional drivers (males). They completed the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ, Parker et al., 1995) that assessed two self-reported risky driving factors (driving errors and intentional violations) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI, Benet-Martinez and John, 1998) that measured the drivers’ extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Also, data about age, gender, driving experience and exposure were gathered.The results indicated that young drivers were most prone to risky driving (both errors and violations), whereas professional drivers might be described by the safest self-reported driving style.The structural equation modeling revealed different relations between personality traits and risky driving taking into account a driver’s gender and group (novice, young, experienced or professional). It was found that in all tested drivers’ samples personality traits might be the proximal predictors of driving errors or distal predictors of driving errors with the mediation of intentional violations. More frequent self-reported intentional violations significantly predicted more frequent driving errors (β ranged from 0.18 to 0.53).The results of the study revealed no significant associations between personality traits and risky driving among novice drivers. SEM revealed a consistent predictive power of extraversion (β ranged from 0.16 to 0.37) and conscientiousness (β ranged from 0.17 to 0.31) for different drivers’ risky driving. These traits predicted self-reported risky driving of young male drivers, experienced drivers, and professional drivers. The predictive power of neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness was inconsistent in different samples. The higher neuroticism of young drivers (β = 0.22; 0.28) and experienced female drivers (β = 0.27) predicted more frequent self-reported driving errors, but did not predict the risky driving of experienced male drivers and professional drivers. Higher openness predicted less frequent violations among young male drivers (β = –0.18), but more frequent errors in professional drivers (β = 0.16). Higher agreeableness predicted significantly less frequent self-reported violations of young male drivers (β = –0.32) and less frequent errors of professional drivers (β = –0.29).The findings suggest that personality traits might be useful predictors of risky driving, but the driving context and multiple aspects of a driver’s personality simultaneously should be taken into account.Key words: Big Five personality traits, self-reported risky driving, novice, young, experienced and professional drivers.
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Ahn, Sejin, and Boram Do. "The Moderating Effects of Generations on the Relationship Between Ratees' Collectivistic Traits and Liking Evaluation: Focusing on The Expectancy-Violation Theory of Stereotypes." Korean Academy of Management 31, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26856/kjom.2023.31.2.89.
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Assuming the stereotypes attached to younger and older generation employees regarding their individualistic and collectivistic traits in organizations, this study draws from expectancy-violation theory to examine how organizational members showing counter-stereotypical behaviors are perceived and reacted to in organizational contexts. In the preliminary study, a questionnaire completed by 277 panelists confirmed the assumed stereotypes that respondents believed the younger generation has stronger individualistic traits (compared to the older generation). In the main study, an experiment was conducted with an additional 280 panelists. Each participant read a scenario describing a younger or older protagonist with individualistic or collectivistic traits and was asked to respond to the questionnaire imagining the protagonist as a co-worker. Our findings showed that the protagonist's collectivistic traits are positively related to respondents' liking of the protagonist, higher expectations of the protagonist's in-role behaviors, and helping behaviors. In addition, these positive effects of collectivistic traits were stronger when the protagonist in the scenario belonged to the younger generation, thus showing counter-stereotypical traits, than in the case of the older generation showing stereotype-confirming traits. These results contribute to the stereotype literature in the field of organizational behavior and provide meaningful implications for managers interacting with others from different social categories.
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Malik, Omer Farooq, Asif Shahzad, Aamer Waheed, and Zarash Yousaf. "Abusive supervision as a trigger of malevolent creativity: do the Light Triad traits matter?" Leadership & Organization Development Journal 41, no. 8 (September 7, 2020): 1119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-09-2019-0386.
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PurposeDrawing on affective events theory, the authors investigated whether exposure to abusive supervision triggers malevolent creativity among victims and the role of psychological contract violation (PCV) as a mediator in this relationship. The authors also examined the moderating effects of the Light Triad personality traits comprising Kantianism, humanism and faith in humanity.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprised 297 junior doctors working at various clinical departments of public sector hospitals in three major cities of Pakistan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and the hypothesized model was tested using the covariance-based structural equation modeling in Mplus.FindingsResults demonstrated that abusive supervision influences malevolent creativity directly and indirectly mediated through PCV. Further, results showed that individuals high on the Light Triad traits are less likely to engage in malevolently creative acts in response to abusive supervision and feelings of violation than those low on the Light Triad.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the literature by demonstrating that exposure to abusive supervision influences the generation of malevolently creative ideas among subordinates. Further, the authors showed that subordinates high on the Light Triad handle abusive supervisory behaviors and negative emotional reactions more productively and are less likely to retaliate against perceived mistreatment compared to their counterparts.
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Drichoutis, Andreas C., Rodolfo M. Nayga, Jayson L. Lusk, and Panagiotis Lazaridis. "When a risky prospect is valued more than its best possible outcome." Judgment and Decision Making 7, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500001790.
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AbstractIn this paper, we document a violation of normative and descriptive models of decision making under risk. In contrast to uncertainty effects found by Gneezy, List and Wu (2006), some subjects in our experiments valued lotteries more than the best possible outcome. We show that the overbidding effect is more strongly related to individuals’ competitiveness traits than comprehension of the lottery’s payoff mechanism.
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Mucun, Li, Zhang Yuting, and Chen Yiwen. "The Effect of Psychological Contract Violation in Employees’ Emotional Labor Strategies—Mediating Model with Regulation." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101009.
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Emotional labor is the process of regulating expressions and emotions to meet organizational goals, including surface performance and deep performance. Based on psychological contract theory and stress theory, this study investigates the effect of psychological contract breach on emotional labor and the mediating role of job insecurity, which is mediated by personality traits, on this effect.
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Howard, Vickie. "(Gas)lighting Their Way to Coercion and Violation in Narcissistic Abuse." Journal of Autoethnography 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/joae.2022.3.1.84.
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Narcissistic abuse is a hidden form of abuse and remains under-recognized in society and within the helping professions, partly due to victim difficulties in articulating the manipulative behaviors they have experienced. Though research focusing on narcissism is extensive, there is a distinct lack of research into the abusive behaviors individuals with severe narcissistic traits use against others and subsequent victim experiences. With the aim of raising awareness of this form of abuse, the following evocative account utilizes autoethnographic memory work and portrays personal experiences of narcissistic abuse—specifically, gaslighting behavior, pathological dishonesty, and intimate abuse. The autoethnographic methods of this article are aligned with social justice and feminist epistemologies. Suppositions are offered to the reader centered upon trauma, loss, and healing in the context of the author’s personal experiences and inherent values as a mental health nurse and educator. Key reflections regarding the use of memory as method along with procedural, relational, and ethical considerations determine how the autoethnography and its portrayal may have been shaped.
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Dos Santos, Patrícia Marques, Cristela Maia Bairrada, and Arnaldo Fernandes De Matos Coelho. "How Harmful Brand Hate Can Be: The Moderating Role of Neuroticism and Extraversion." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 70, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 603–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2020-0040.
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This research analyses some of the antecedents and consequences of brand hate and examines the moderating effects of neuroticism and extraversion personality traits on behavioral outcomes. After collecting 375 responses, the data analysis was based on the structural equation modeling. Results show that symbolic incongruity, ideological incompatibility, and perceived value are predictors of brand hate, and that brand hate influences negative word-of-mouth, anti-brand actions and complaining. The relationship between brand hate and behavioral results are reinforced for consumers with high neuroticism traits and, in contrast, are attenuated in consumers with high extraversion traits. This investigation innovates by combining signaling theory and expectancy violation theories to explain the emergence of brand hate and its impacts on brand-related outcomes. It particularly explores the possibility of a curvilinear relationship, where brand hate tends to grow exponentially with the intensity of the signals.
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Frykholm, Erin. "The ontology of character traits in Hume." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 42, S1 (February 2012): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2012.981013.
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This paper argues that Hume can account for character traits as lasting mental qualities without violating his reductionist account of the mind as a changing bundle of ideas and impressions. It argues that a trait is a disposition to act according to certain passions or motivations, explained entirely with reference to the ideas and impressions constituting one's current self. This account is consistent with Hume's view of the mind, and relies solely on his accounts of the association of impressions and ideas, and of the relationship between belief and passion, to establish relations that can properly be called lasting mental qualities.
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Cocolas, George, and Betsy Sleath. "Relationship between selected personality traits and citation for violating pharmacy board regulations." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 57, no. 5 (March 1, 2000): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/57.5.456.
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Horvat, Robert. "Impact of Selected Personality Traits on Accountants’ Attitudes Toward Accounts Manipulation: Evidence From Slovenia." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2018-0015.
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AbstractIn the study, three selected personality traits were tested for their impact on Slovenian accountants’ attitudes toward accounts manipulation behavior. The main objective was to investigate if personality plays a role in how Slovenian accountants think and feel about this ethically problematic business practice. Responses from 310 chief accounting officers of Slovenian medium- and largesize companies were gathered via electronic survey, and correlational and regression analyses were performed to investigate relationships between selected personality traits and participants responses to the scenario, thus depicting accounts manipulation behavior in violation of generally accepted accounting principles. Only two of the observed personality traits (Machiavellianism and agreeableness) were found to be statistically significantly related to accountants’ attitudes, while the third one (locus of control) shows no such relationship. For both, Machiavellianism and agreeableness, the direction of the relationship with accountants’ attitudes is the same. The higher the levels of accountants’ Machiavellianism and agreeableness, the more positive their attitude toward observed accounts manipulation behavior.
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Guematcha, Emmanuel. "La réglementation internationale du commerce international des armes classiques : le Traité du 2 avril 2013 et la protection de la personne." Revue québécoise de droit international 29, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): 75–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1046509ar.
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L’adoption du Traité sur le commerce des armes par l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies marque une étape essentielle dans la réglementation internationale du commerce des armes classiques. Cette adoption est sans doute une avancée dans la prévention de la commission de crimes internationaux, des violations des droits de l’homme et du droit international humanitaire causés par l’utilisation des armes classiques. Le Traité établit un équilibre entre les intérêts des États dans le domaine du commerce des armes classiques et la protection des droits de la personne. Cet équilibre reste cependant fragile et la protection de la personne relative. Le champ d’application du Traité est dans une certaine mesure restreint et il n’existe pas d’organe international et indépendant de contrôle de ses dispositions.
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Gutiérrez Espada, Cesáreo. "LALY-CHEVALIER, Caroline: La violation du traité, Éditions Bruylant-Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2005, 657 p." Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional 23 (August 16, 2018): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/010.23.28819.
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Kibrik, N. D., and I. R. Ayriyants. "Psychosexual peculiarities of female partners of men with sexual dysfunctions." Andrology and Genital Surgery 20, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2070-9781-2019-20-3-52-55.
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The article discusses sexual violations in men and women in the context of changing attitudes towards sexuality and gender roles in modern society. Paired sexual function is the key to the problem of diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders. The nocebo effect of destructive partnerships is considered as an important pathogenetic factor in the development of sexual dysfunctions in patients with anxious and hysterical personality traits.
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Dugard, John. "Combler la lacune entre droits de l'homme et droit humanitaire: la punition des délinquants." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 80, no. 831 (September 1998): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100056021.
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Lorsque la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme a été adoptée, en 1948, les droits de l'homme et le droit international humanitaire ont été traités comme des domaines séparés. La situation a radicalement changé depuis la Conférence internationale des droits de l'homme (qui s'est tenue à Téhéran en 1968), et les deux sujets sont désormais considérés comme des branches différentes d'une même discipline. Divers facteurs ont contribué à cette fusion, dont l'importance croissante du droit international pénal et le fait d'ériger en crime des violations graves des droits de l'homme. C'est là le thème du présent article.
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Zheng, Wenzhi, Yen-Chun Jim Wu, XiaoChen Chen, and Shu-Jou Lin. "Why do employees have counterproductive work behavior? The role of founder’s Machiavellianism and the corporate culture in China." Management Decision 55, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2016-0696.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the mechanism of how Machiavellian corporate culture (MCC) affects employees’ counterproductive work behaviours. Design/methodology/approach Through a three-phase grounded study on the data of a single case amounting to over 170,000 words, this qualitative study explores why employees exhibit counterproductive work behaviours. Findings The results indicated that the implications of the MCC of family businesses in China include the following three dimensions: low trust, control orientation, and status orientation. In this corporate cultural context, employees exhibit counterproductive work behaviours because they perceive low organisational justice, psychological contract violation, and low trust. Among them, psychological contract violation serves as a triggering mechanism due to the organisational context and trust is crucial to employee counterproductive work behaviour. Research limitations/implications In this study, the results are derived merely from the observation of and generalisation about one case; more therefore, empirical studies are required. Practical implications Numerous family business owners in China exhibit a high level of Machiavellian personality traits, and this personality tends to determine the implications of corporate culture. In order to establish a diverse culture, a heterogeneous top manager team must be developed and a new organisational culture must be established from top down. Originality/value This study extends the research scopes of employee personality and behaviours as well as leaders’ personality traits and employee emotions, and proposes a theoretical framework of leaders’ personality-culture-employee behaviours as a contribution to studies on organisational behaviour, theories of corporate social responsibility, and development of corporate culture.
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Safargalieva, Olga, Oleg Sergeev, Yuriy Volgin, and Marina Agienko. "Determination of the Criminal Offense Elements in the Safety Rules Violation during Mining Operations." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910502012.
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In the article, from the standpoint of a systematic approach, the forensic characterization of safety rules criminal violations during mining operations is analyzed. That is the basic element which determines the content and algorithm of uncovering of crimes, the investigation and trial of a criminal case. The subject (the identity of offender) is its central, basic element. It is noted that the element of subject (the identity of offender) is the most informative when investigating criminal violations of safety rules during mining operations. It is based on his study in the unity and interrelation of the following aspects: official position, social and psychological properties and personality traits and victimization behavior of the criminal offence victims and third parties. The situation of a crime (the second element of forensic characterization) is structured according to the circumstances that characterize pre-, criminal, and post-criminal state of outward things; three interrelated and interdependent are pointed out. The complex combination of the levels and edges of each selected elements of a cognizable object, due to the specifics of the crime in question, also determines the peculiarities of investigative actions and search activities at the initial stage of the investigation of safety rules criminal violations during mining operations. The article proposes recommendations to overcome the objective difficulties encountered in the investigation of criminal violations of safety rules during mining operations.
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Sultanova, Feruza, and Abdurayim Arzikulov. "INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF THE UZBEK POPULATION ON MANIFESTATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROCIRCULATORY DYSTONIA." Международный журнал научной педиатрии, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56121/2181-2926-2023-5-12-17.
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The relevance of studying the personality characteristics of children with vegetative vascular dystonia (VVD) is dictated by the fact that many psychosomatic disorders (ischemic and hypertension diseases, bronchial asthma, gastric ulcer and 12 bc, neurodermatitis, etc.) originate in childhood and their primary manifestations are vegetative disorders. According to the literature, among the children with non-communicable diseases who go to the doctor, 50-75% are patients with VVD. Purpose of the study. Study of the influence of the mental state and personality characteristics of patients on the manifestations and development of NCD in children and adolescents of the Uzbek population. Material and methods. We studied 43 patients with NCD (18 boys and 25 girls) aged 7 to 16 years with hypotonic, hypertensive and cardiac types. In the examined group of patients with NCD, children with hypertensive (46.5%) type prevailed. Patients (39.5%) were diagnosed with hypotonic NCD, and in 14 patients with cardiac type. For the study of individual - typological and personal characteristics of children, in addition to clinical and pedagogical observations, traditional experimental - psychological methods were used, allowing the most differentiated approach to the analysis of the personality of a sick child. The results of the study were subjected to variational-statistical processing: mean values (X), standard deviation (T) and its errors (+m), testing hypotheses from the normal distribution were tested by Student's t-test. Conducted correlation and dispersion analysis according to the program. Results: patients with NCD are characterized by a pronounced increase in emotional stress, difficulty in making interpersonal contacts and contributing to the violation of the psycho-vegetative regulation of the individual. The predominance of the desire for well-mannered forms of behavior, combined with conscious self-control, prevents the reaction of negative emotions, which contributed to the long-term preservation of emotional stress and further difficulties in adaptation. Patients with NCD usually had combinations of disharmonious personality traits, which led to the appearance of intrapsychic conflicts between dominant and mutually exclusive types of needs. The actual mental state of children with NDC determined by the Kettell method as a whole manifests itself as a personality of a highly neurotic response, which confirms the connection between NDC and personality traits. Conclusions: These intrapsychic conflicts underlay violations of social adaptation in the school and family spheres, and also prevented psycho-vegetative adaptation, which manifested itself in psychopathological and vegetative-somatic disorders in this disease.
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Lee, Joonbum, Bruce Mehler, Bryan Reimer, and Joseph F. Coughlin. "Sensation Seeking and Drivers’ Glance Behavior while Engaging in a Secondary Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 1864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601425.
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To investigate possible relationships between drivers’ sensation seeking and glance behavior while interacting with human-machine interfaces, a total of 70 drivers’ eye-glance data, Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) data were collected and analyzed. Participants conducted radio tuning tasks with two standard production interfaces while driving on a highway, and their glance allocations to defined regions were recorded and manually annotated. Results showed that sensation seeking scores were related with self-reported violation scores, off-road glance patterns, and driving speed: (1) violation scores of DBQ were positively correlated with sensation seeking, (2) mean and standard deviation of off-road glance duration were positively correlated with sensation seeking for younger drivers (under 40 years), (3) total off-road glance time per minute and number of off-road glances per minute were positively correlated with sensation seeking for older drivers (over 40 years), and (4) percentage of speed change was negatively correlated with sensation seeking for both younger and older drivers. The results indicate that sensation seeking is associated with drivers’ off-road glance patterns and driving behavior. These observations further highlight the relationship between personal traits and driver behavior.
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Abed, Maha Yasir, and Lajiman Bin Janoory. "Approaching Hysteria and Abjection through Freudian Reading of Toni Morrison’s Paradise." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.153.
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This paper examines the representation of hysteria in Toni Morrison’s Paradise. The study will mainly focus on the psychological traits of the female protagonists. Such traits provide amble instance of the influence of hysteria on the protagonists’ conscious behavior. For this reason, the primary conceptual formwork will be psychoanalysis. Accordingly, Sigmund Freud’s concept of hysteria will be applied to interpret the hysteric symptoms which result from harmful sexual experiences like rape, molestation and violation in a male dominated society. In this regard, the protagonist’s suffering from hysteric symptoms, like fear, silence, nightmare, and many other symptoms are going to be scrutinized in order to identify the influence of hysteria on the protagonist’s reaction. Freud asserts that sexual experience or molestation that occur within childhood is the main source of hysteria which appear later. Thus, this paper will illustrate the causes that lead the protagonist to be hysteric from Freudian perspective and emergence of self- actualization to gain subjectivity and independence.
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Benassi, M., S. Garofalo, L. Vitali, M. Orsoni, R. Sant’Angelo, R. Raggini, and G. Piraccini. "Bayesian models to explain autistic traits in psychiatric population." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S239—S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.642.
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IntroductionStudies on psychiatric patients have shown that the presence of autistic traits affects the effectiveness of the treatment, decreasing the likelihood of positive clinical outcomes.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to investigate which are the areas of overlap between psychiatric symptoms and the traits of the autism spectrum using a bayesian approach.MethodsA sample of 190 adult psychiatric patients, diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and personality disorder participated in the study. The RAADS-R questionnaire was used to assess the presence of autistic traits. The severity of psychiatric symptoms was measured with the BPRS and PANSS scales, the perceived well-being and disability using the Whodas and Whoqol scales, the TOL and STROOP for the measurement of executive functions, the attentional matrices for visual-spatial attention, the Raven for general cognitive skills.ResultsNo difference emerged between the diagnoses regarding the presence of symptoms of the autism spectrum, which affects 64% of subjects. Logistic regression showed that the severity of symptoms measured as BPRS and PANSS predicted the probability of having autistic traits. Bayesian regression showed that specific autistic traits are indicative of executive functions deficits. Namely, motor impairment severity measured at RAADS is strongly predicted by rule violation with number of correct moves measured at TOL. The other executive functions seemed to be only moderately linked to autistic traits.ConclusionsThese results provide new information about the expression of comorbidity with autism in psychiatric patients.
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Néel, Lison. "La judiciarisation internationale des criminels de guerre : la solution aux violations graves du droit international humanitaire?" Criminologie 33, no. 2 (October 2, 2002): 151–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004737ar.
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Résumé Les Nations Unies ont doté peu à peu la communauté internationale de traités, de conventions ou de principes engageant la responsabilité pénale internationale des individus pour permettre l'amélioration du respect des droits de l'homme les plus fondamentaux, afin d'éviter à tous les atrocités, la torture ou l'arbitraire. Malgré ces mesures de mise en œuvre très diversifiées, des violations graves continuent chaque jour à se dérouler un peu partout dans le monde. La communauté internationale ne réagit que lorsqu'elles atteignent un caractère massif, systématique et insupportable. L'échec de ces mécanismes de mise en œuvre a été le point de départ de la mise sur pied d'une justice pénale internationale. La judiciarisation internationale des criminels de guerre par le biais des tribunaux pénaux internationaux ad hoc ou de la cour pénale internationale permanente saura-t-elle pallier les carences et les faiblesses des systèmes pénaux nationaux quant à la répression des criminels de guerre ?
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Shanthi, K., and Saritha Nittala. "Intimate Partner Violence and Psychological Attributes - Violation of Right to Live with Dignity." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 5441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2571.
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Human Rights are inalienable. As stated by the UN Charter, gender equality is the fundamental right of every human being. As stated by the Vienna Declaration, women's and girls' rights are inalienable, integral, and form an indivisible part of universal human rights. The entire world has raised its voice and has reached its peak in the 1990s. India, precariously being a male-dominated society, has always looked down on a woman as a vulnerable group, to be dependent, owing to certain sociological, political, and biological conditions. Gender-based violence, as stated by the UN declaration, includes violence against women. It brings within it the broader framework of gender-based discrimination. In every nook and corner, we see and hear about violence against a girl child/ women irrespective of their age, caste, creed, social and economic conditions, and the happenings that shackle all humanity with ignominy. These instances profligately eliminate their basic human rights. Intimate Partner Violence is such a kind of violence, which is distinct from domestic violence and is most common among couples. It is a behavior prevailing in an intimate relationship that leads to physical, psychological, or sexual harm. It is restricted to marital status and extends to non-marital, extramarital relationships, dating couples, live-in relationships, and non-discriminatory. There are instances where women also abuse men in intimate relations. In cases of self-defense, women can be more violent against men. However, overwhelming instances illustrate women as victims in the hands of their male partners, existing or ex-partners. Though attached a social stigma to these relationships, the abuse meted in the hands of their perpetrators affects the physical and psychological traits. This paper mainly emphasizes the nature of Intimate Partner Violence, its instincts, the psychological disorders, and its effects on their right to live with dignity and concludes with possible suggestions and recommendations.
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Ameh, Robert Kwame. "Doing Justice After Conflict : The Case for Ghana's National Reconciliation Commission." Canadian journal of law and society 21, no. 1 (April 2006): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jls.2006.0030.
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RésuméLe Ghana a rejoint le groupe des démocraties en transition en créant la Commission de réconciliation nationale (CRN), qui débuta ses travaux en 2002. Elle reçut le mandat d'enquêter sur les atrocités et violations des droits humains passées, de recommander des compensations adéquates pour les victimes et de réconcilier la nation. Or, les attentes et la confiance des Ghanéens en la capacité de la CRN de guérir les blessures du passé, mettre un terme au cycle de vengeance et de vendettas et de réconcilier la nation furent partagées depuis que la Commission termina ses travaux et remit son rapport, en octobre 2004. Cet article prend position pour la Commission de réconciliation nationale au Ghana, soutenant qu'elle est la meilleure parmi les solutions possibles pour traiter des violations passées des droits humains au Ghana.
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de Preux, J. "Les Conventions de Genève et la réciprocité." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 67, no. 751 (February 1985): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100083428.
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En 1981, la XXIVe Conférence internationale de la Croix-Rouge déplorait (Résolution VI) que dans plusieurs conflits armés des dispositions fondamentales des Conventions de Genève étaient violées et que ces violations avaient pour conséquences d'entraver les activités du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge. Or, en dépit de l'appel solennel lancé par la Conférence pour remédier à cette situation, des réticences, voire une certaine mauvaise volonté à respecter pleinement ces règles fondamentales continuent de se manifester. Sous prétexte d'exiger la réciprocité, l'application des dispositions conventionnelles est parfois subordonnée à des marchandages et les prisonniers euxmêmes sont traités en otages, voire en instruments de chantage. Ces prises de position sont inacceptables. Le texte suivant est destiné à faire le point sur ces questions.
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Coffey, C. Adam, Jennifer Cox, and Megan R. Kopkin. "Examining the Relationships Between the Triarchic Psychopathy Constructs and Behavioral Deviance in a Community Sample." Journal of Personality Disorders 32, no. 1 (February 2018): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2017_31_288.
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Few studies have examined the extent to which psychopathic traits relate to the commission of mild to moderate acts of deviance, such as vandalism and minor traffic violations. Given that psychopathy is now studied in community populations, the relationship between psychopathic traits and less severe deviant behaviors, which are more normative among noninstitutionalized samples, warrants investigation. The current study examined the relationships between the triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles & Krueger, 2009) and seven forms of deviant behavior (drug use, alcohol use, theft, vandalism, school misconduct, assault, and general deviance) in a nationally representative sample. Triarchic disinhibition positively predicted each form of normative deviance. Boldness positively predicted drug and alcohol use as well as general deviance, while meanness negatively predicted school misconduct. Boldness and disinhibition also positively predicted overall lifetime engagement in deviant behavior. Implications are discussed, including support of the role of boldness within the psychopathy construct.
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Arzhenovskii, S. V., T. G. Sinyavskaya, and A. V. Bakhteev. "Research into behavioral traits of the susceptibility to the risk of significant financial misstatements." International Accounting 23, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.23.3.262.
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Subject. The article identifies behavioral signs of the susceptibility to the risk of material misstatements through the expert survey of professional auditors. Objectives. We do empirical research into the impact five behavioral traits have, which we discovered through the two parameter risk assessment model, i.e. tolerance to violation of laws, money pathology, susceptibility to high risk, aspiration of impunity and legislative illiteracy in finance. Method.s We performed the expert survey of professional auditors to discover what determines the susceptibility to fraud among those charged with financial reporting. The expert group was made on the basis of an unbiased approach and documentation. We applied the Rasch model to rank personal traits. The collected data were processed with methods of descriptive statistics and multivariate statistical analysis. Results. Carrying out the statistical analysis of experts’ opinions, we found that their significantly correlated. Personal traits were sorted by their impact on risk assessment. Money pathology, susceptibility to high risk, aspiration of impunity and legislative illiteracy in finance were acknowledged as the most influential factors in terms of the susceptibility to misstatements of financial reporting. Conclusions and Relevance. We empirically proved the importance of factors influencing the propensity to risk of misstating financial reports. We used our own theoretical concept. The findings can be useful to auditing forms to detect the customers’ propensity to the risk of manipulating financial reporting.
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Gridneva, Alena Andreevna. "Identification of Violations of the Perception of Oral and Written Speech presented during the Primary Psychodiagnostics of Candidates for Service in the Penal Enforcement System and Convicts, Suspects, Accused." Психология и Психотехника, no. 4 (April 2022): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2022.4.38701.
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The subject of the study is violations of the perception of oral and written speech presented during the instruction of the examinee and the presentation of stimuli of diagnostic techniques during the primary psychodiagnostics of candidates for service in the penal enforcement system and newly arrived convicts, suspects, accused, who lead to a decrease in the reliability of the psychodiagnostic information received about personal qualities and current psychoemotional state. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the diagnosis of the quality of perception of oral and written speech in the framework of primary psychodiagnostics of candidates for service and newly arrived suspects, accused, convicted. Methods of theoretical and comparative analysis, generalization and systematization are used. The article presents the possible causes of the violations under consideration, systematizes the variants of their manifestations, provides recommendations on the organization and methodology of primary psychological diagnostics, which, subject to its further successful testing without the use of additional neuropsychological diagnostic techniques, reveals violations of oral and written speech perception and assesses the possibility of conducting reliable psychological diagnostics of personality traits and psycho-emotional states. The results of the study are intended for use by penitentiary psychologists, but can be used by psychologists-diagnosticians of any areas of practical activity. It is planned to further develop forms of diagnostic forms for conducting primary psychodiagnostics of service candidates and convicts, suspects, accused upon admission to institutions of the penitentiary system, testing and evaluation of their diagnostic capabilities.
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Mapela, Jean Jacques Kahunga. "LES ATTEINTES AU DROIT A L’INFORMATION A LA SUITE DES COUPURES INTEMPESTIVES D’INTERNET EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO." KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 5, no. 4 (2018): 536–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2018-4-536.
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La réflexion sur le droit d’accès à l’information par l’internet en République Démocratique du Congo a montré que ce droit n’est pas, en réalité, un nouveau droit. Il découle plutôt de l’extension aux nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication des droits de l’homme existants. La protection qui lui est assurée hors ligne par tous les traités internationaux et par les lois nationales doit l’être de la même manière en ligne. Mais, soutenir que sa protection se limite aux technologies connues traditionnellement, à savoir la presse écrite et la communication audiovisuelle, serait prétentieux, voire dangereux. Cette restriction pourrait justifier toutes les coupures intempestives vécues par les citoyens congolais. Pourtant, ces coupures ne se sont moins avérée être des violations des droits humains, dont la justice reste la seule à même de pouvoir y remédier.
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Kiseleva, M. "Personal traits and coping strategies in compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S300—S301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.807.
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IntroductionThere is no much data on the psychological predictors of compliance with Covid-19 preventive measures (self-isolation, social distancing, etc.), that are one of the most effective ways to combat the spread of the diseaseObjectivesThis study is aimed to examine the role of personal traits in compliance with the Covid-19 preventive measures, and to identify the psychological features of those who are unmotivated to comply with quarantine.MethodsThe study involved 256 participants aged from 16 to 73 years from Russia, and was conducted in March-April 2020.The coping strategies questionnaire (COPE), Big five personality questionnaire were used.ResultsCompliance with the coronavirus preventive measures is positively associated with such personality traits as conscientiousness and friendliness, and productive coping strategies (active coping, planning, positive reformulation, acceptance). Another significant predictors of compliance with restrictive measures are explaining the reasons for the spread of coronavirus by lack of responsibility of people and violation of quarantine measures (positive predictor), as well as downplaying the risk of the disease (negative predictor).ConclusionsCluster analysis identified two most common motivational profiles: unmotivated and motivated.Unmotivated people are less willing to comply with Covid-19 preventive measures. Unmotivated people trust various sources of information less often, use unproductive coping strategies (denial), and are more likely to believe that the coronavirus is used to hide the presence of other problems in the society and to increase the control over citizens by the state.
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Mousourakis, George. "Character, Choice and Criminal Responsibility." Les Cahiers de droit 39, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043479ar.
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This paper examines the issue of criminal responsibility and the role of legal excuses from two theoretical viewpoints : the character theory and the choice theory of responsibility. The character theory claims that the moral assessment of an offender's character is a necessary prerequisite of criminal liability and punishment. Legal excuses preclude the attribution of moral and legal blame because, by negating voluntariness, they block the inference from a wrongful act to a flawed character. The choice theory, on the other hand, claims that criminal responsibility pertains to the voluntary violation of the law rather than to the doing of an immoral act as such. For the choice theorist criminal responsibility is concerned with choices rather than with character traits. From this point of view, excuses are taken to preclude criminal liability because, when these conditions are present, the actor does not have sufficient capacity or a fair opportunity to choose to act according to law. The paper concludes that the character theory, by placing the emphasis on those character traits that motivate a person's choices offers a better basis for understanding the moral significance of human actions and for explaining and justifying the attribution of criminal responsibility and punishment.
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K., Shanthi,, and Nittala, S. "Intimate partner Violence and Psychological Attributes during Pandemic - Violation of Right to Live with Dignity." CARDIOMETRY, no. 24 (November 30, 2022): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.24.609616.
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Human Rights are inalienable. As stated by the UN Charter, gender equality is the fundamental right of every human being. As stated by the Vienna Declaration, women’s and girls’ rights are inalienable, integral, and form an indivisible part of universal human rights. The entire world has raised its voice and has reached its peak in the 1990s. India, precariously being a male-dominated society, has always looked down on a woman as a vulnerable group, to be dependent, owing to certain sociological, political, and biological conditions. Gender-based violence, as stated by the UN declaration, includes violence against women. It brings within it the broader framework of gender-based discrimination. In every nook and corner, we see and hear about violence against a girl child/ women irrespective of their age, caste, creed, social and economic conditions, and the happenings that shackle all humanity with ignominy. These instances profligately eliminate their basic human rights. Intimate Partner Violence is such a kind of violence, which is distinct from domestic violence and is most common among couples. It is a behavior prevailing in an intimate relationship that leads to physical, psychological, or sexual harm. It is restricted to marital status and extends to non-marital, extramarital relationships, dating couples, live-in relationships, and non-discriminatory. There are instances where women also abuse men in intimate relations. In cases of self-defense, women can be more violent against men. However, overwhelming instances illustrate women as victims in the hands of their male partners, existing or ex-partners. Though attached a social stigma to these relationships, the abuse meted in the hands of their perpetrators affects the physical and psychological traits. This paper mainly emphasizes the nature of Intimate Partner Violence, its instincts, the psychological disorders, and its effects on their right to live with dignity during covid-19 and concludes with possible suggestions and recommendations.
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Espinosa, Pablo, and Miguel Clemente. "Beyond the Pale: Dark Traits and Close Relations Influence Attitudes toward COVID-19 and the Rejection of Quarantine Rules." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094838.
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Dark personality traits are predictors of detrimental behavior (e.g., selfishness or violating norms). This research examined the influence dark personality traits on attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine rules. We determined whether specific dark traits could predict non-compliance, beyond the global measure of dark personality traits. Additionally, previous research suggests that people are more likely to violate rules for the benefits of close relations, rather than for their own self-interests. We examined how this tendency interacts with dark traits. The 823 participants in the study completed measures of the dark triad, moral disengagement, and attitudes toward COVID-19 rules, and responded to vignettes about themselves or close relations escaping quarantine. Using a bifactor model approach, results showed that a general dark factor predicted non-compliance to COVID-19 rules, but that some moral disengagement mechanisms contributed to non-compliance beyond this factor. Vignette results showed that participants were more willing to break quarantine rules for a close relation than for themselves, except for those high in moral disengagement, who broke rules more—regardless of who was involved. These findings have important implications for intervention programs and policies, since individuals with dark traits tend to “selfishly” trespass norms, but anyone can “go beyond the pale, i.e., go outside the limits of acceptable behavior, for a loved one.
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Muris, Peter, Harald Merckelbach, Henry Otgaar, and Ewout Meijer. "The Malevolent Side of Human Nature." Perspectives on Psychological Science 12, no. 2 (March 2017): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691616666070.
Full textAbstract:
The term dark triad refers to the constellation of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Over the past few years, the concept has gained momentum, with many researchers assuming that the dark triad is a prominent antecedent of transgressive and norm-violating behavior. Our purpose in this meta-analytic review was to evaluate (a) interrelations among narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy; (b) gender differences in these traits; (c) how these traits are linked to normal personality factors; and (d) the psychosocial correlates of the dark triad. Our findings show that dark triad traits are substantially intercorrelated, somewhat more prevalent among men than women, predominantly related to the Big Five personality factor of agreeableness and the HEXACO factor of honesty-humility, and generally associated with various types of negative psychosocial outcomes. We question whether dark triad traits are sufficiently distinct and argue that the way they are currently measured is too simple to capture the malevolent sides of personality. Because most research in this domain is cross-sectional and based on self-reports, we recommend using a cross-informant approach and prospective, longitudinal research designs for studying the predictive value of dark triad features.