Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement statistique et numérique du signal'
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YE, Zi. "Traitement statistique de l'information et du signal pour l'internet des objets sous-marins." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03179373.
Full textThere has been recently a large development of human activities associated to the ocean world, where no standard has emerged for the Internet of Things (IoT) linked to marine autonomous objects. Though it has a limited bandwidth, the acoustic wave is the only way to communicate over average to large distances and it is thus used by many underwater systems to communicate, navigate, or infer information about the environment. This led to a high demand for wireless networks that require both spectral efficiency and energy efficiency with the associated low-complexity algorithms. Therefore, in this Ph.D. thesis, we proposed several original solutions to face this challenge.Indeed, due to the inherent Signal Space Diversity (SSD), rotated constellations allow better theoretical performance than conventional constellations with no spectral spoilage. We review the structural properties of uniformly projected rotated M-QAM constellations, so as to propose a low complexity soft demapping technique for fading channels. Then, we present an original blind technique for the reduction of the PAPR for OFDM systems using the rotated constellations with SSD. In order to reduce the complexity of blind decoding for this technique, we again rely on the properties of uniformly projected M-QAM rotated constellations to design a low-complexity estimator. Moreover, to face the selectivity of the acoustic channel, we suggest a sparse adaptive turbo detector with only a few taps to be updated in order to lower down the complexity burden. Finally, we have proposed an original self-optimized algorithm for which the step-sizes of both the equalizer and the phase estimator are updated adaptively and assisted by soft-information in an iterative manner, so as to meet the requirement of fast convergence and low MSE over time-varying channels
Coulange, Baptiste. "Détection et correction de l’aliasing par extension du signal analytique aux images numériques." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05S008.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the detection and correction of an artifact inherent to all digital acquisition : aliasing. First we study its effects on simples image modelisations. Particularly periodical structures on which aliasing occurs frequently. Then we can define a spectral aliasing link which characterize frequencies (or frequency domains) pairs linked by aliasing relation. In the same time, with an extention of analytic signal, we obtain analytic parts. The modulus of these complex images isn't much impacted by poor sampling. With this definition, we are able to locate on what place of the image occurs a given frequency domain. Bad sampled images contain a lot of frequency pairs in an spectral aliasing link which occurs on the same image domain, we are so able to build two aliasing detection methods with the a contrario framework. The images often used for image processing tests are not suited to the study of aliasing. We build a test database appropriate for the aliasing in order to validate our algorithm. We also use these algorithms to compare some existing earth observation systems, thanks to datas from CNES, with the aliasing point of view. With the results of the detection algorithms, we show with an oracle that a local no-aliasing hypothesis may be very useful for image interpolation
Salmon, Joseph. "Agrégation d'estimateurs et méthodes à patchs pour le débruitage d'images numériques." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077195.
Full textThe problem studied in this thesis is denoising images corrupted by additive Gaussian white noise. The methods we use to get a better picture from a noisy one, are based on patches and are variations of the well known Non-Local Means. The contributions of this thesis are both practical and theoretical. First, we study precisely the influence of various parameters of the method. We highlight a limit observed on the treatment of edges by the usual patches based methods. Then, we give a better method to get pixel estimates by combining information from patches estimates. From a theoretical point of view we provide a non-asymptotic control of our estimators. The results proved are oracle inequalities, holding for a restrictive class of estimators, close to the form of the Non-Local Means estimetes. The techniques we use are based on aggregation of estimators, and more precisely on exponentially weighed aggregates. Typically, the last method requires a measure of the risk, that is obtained through a unbiased estimator of the risk. A common way to get such a mesure is to use the Stein Unbiased Risk Estimate (SURE). The denoising methods studied are analyzed numerically by simulations
Thai, Thanh Hai. "Modélisation et détection statistiques pour la criminalistique numérique des images." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072541.
Full textTrottier, Eric. "Développement d'une technique numérique d'autocorrélation d'intensité pour la recherche de minilentilles gravitationnelles dans le radio et de faibles variations temporelles rapides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30256.
Full textFor the first time, we propose to apply a digital autocorrelation of intensity technique to gravitational minilensing in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) radio observations, and also to search weak rapid time variations. Essentially, the technique consists of detecting a cosmic (or artificial) signal (time delay) using intensity fluctuations as a function of time. The programming algorithm is coded in Matlab on a microcomputer and in C++ for multi-core parallel processing on a supercomputer. We validate the technique and softwares by showing weak periodic and non-periodic artificial signals detections. We could also find very fast time variations because radioastronomical interferometric data are sampled over very short times (e.g., 15.625 ns). Finally, numerical simulations make it possible to evaluate the detection efficiency of our innovative technique. The Fourier transform (FT) can also detect periodic signals. However, the main advantage of the autocorrelation of intensity is that it can detect non-periodic signals, while the FT cannot detect these non-periodic signals. Moreover, our technique allows a direct visualization of the shape of the signals, while it is very difficult to see the shape with a Fourier Transform. A novelty of the demonstration of our technique is that we use data taken with existing radio-interferometers (e.g., NRAO) in a standard format (e.g., Mark 5B) and therefore no specialized instrumentation is needed. We analyzed 22 objects. No signal has been detected for the ten minutes of VLBA of the NRAO observation for each object. From the null result obtained and a simplified statistical analysis by the binomial, we made a rough estimate of the present cosmic density parameter of non-baryonic compact minilenses, named Ωl, 0, uniformly distributed in the mass range, 10 – 107 solar masses, corresponding to delays of ~1 ms to ~600 s. For a flat model (currently favored) with cosmological constant λ0 = 0.7 and with Ω0 = 0.3, the estimated limit is Ωl, 0 ≤ 0.2 – 0.3. Given the low test sample, n = 22, the uncertainties (confidence intervals) obtained are too high to set a statistically significant constraint: small number statistics.
Bornard, Raphaël. "Approches probabilistes appliquées à la restauration numérique d'archives télévisées." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657636.
Full textZarzoso, Vicente. "Traitement aveugle et semi-aveugle du signal pour les télécommunications et le génie biomédical." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486872.
Full textCheruy, Pascale. "Étude de modèles de potentiels évoqués visuels en vue de la détection et de la classification des réponses en temps réel." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD256.
Full textA method is presented for single sweep analysis. It aims at increasing the average signal to noise ratio. A bibliographic study first describes different experimental protocols and classical signal processing including averaging, Wiener filter, and latency corrected averaging and adaptative filter. Three different models are tested : autoregressive model, kalman filtering and an original model based on Gaussian curves. A discriminant factor analysis is achieved using parameters derived from the three different models in order to separate a class of synthetic signals from a class of noise (EEG). A discriminant vector is calculated and used to classify single sweeps from different subjects. The selected averaging shows an increasing of the signal to noise ratio for every tested subject specially for the method based on Gaussian curves
Ceamanos, Garcia Xavier. "Evaluation des performances de l'analyse statistique et physique d'images hyperspectrales de Mars. Application au capteur multi-angulaire CRISM." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU033/document.
Full textNew generation of imaging spectrometers are emerging in the field of space exploration by adding an additional view of measurement, the angular dimension. Multi-angle imaging spectroscopy is conceived to provide a more accurate characterization of planetary materials and a higher success in separating the signals coming from the atmosphere and the surface. The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is a hyperspectral camera that operates systematically in multi-angle mode from space. Nonetheless, multi-angle hyperspectral images are related to problems of manipulation, visualization and analysis because of their size and complexity. In this framework, this PhD thesis proposes robust statistical and physical algorithms to analyze images acquired by the CRISM instrument in an efficient manner. First, I propose a tailor-made data pipeline aimed at improving the radiometric quality of CRISM data and generating advanced products, the latter data being devised to perform fine analysis of the planet Mars. Second, I address the atmospheric correction of CRISM imagery by exploiting the multi-angle capabilities of this instrument. An innovative physically-based algorithm compensating for atmospheric effects is put forward in order to retrieve surface reflectance. This approach is particularly used in this thesis to infer the photometric properties of the materials coexisting in a specific site of Mars, the Gusev crater. Third, I perform an intercomparison of a selection of state-of-the-art techniques aimed at performing spectral unmixing of hyperspectral data acquired by the CRISM instrument. These statistical techniques are proved to be useful when analyzing hyperspectral images in an unsupervised manner, that is, without any a priori on the scene. An original strategy is proposed to discriminate the most suitable techniques for the exploration of Mars based on ground truth data built from independent high resolution imagery
Dessein, Arnaud. "Méthodes Computationnelles en Géométrie de l'Information et Applications Temps Réel au Traitement du Signal Audio." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768524.
Full textDang, Van Mô. "Classification de donnees spatiales : modeles probabilistes et criteres de partitionnement." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1173.
Full textCeamanos, garcia Xavier. "Evaluation des performances de l'analyse statistique et physique d'images hyperspectrales de Mars. Application au capteur multi-angulaire CRISM." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648102.
Full textPetrazzuoli, Giovanni. "Interpolation temporelle et inter-vues pour l'amélioration de l'information adjacente dans le codage vidéo distribué." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0004.
Full textDistributed source coding is a paradigm that consists in encoding two correlated sources independently, provided that they are decoded jointly.Wyner and Ziv proved that distributed source coding can attain the same rate distortion performance of joint coding, under some constraints.This feature makes distributed source coding very attractive for applications that require a low-complexity encoder or for avoiding communication between the sources. In distributed video coding, correlated frames are encoded separately but decoded jointly. In the Stanford Architecture, the video is split into Key Frames and Wyner-Ziv Frames. The Key Frames are INTRA coded. The Wyner-Ziv Frames are fed into a systematic channel coder and only the parity bits are sent to the decoder. At the decoder side, an estimation of the Wyner-Ziv Frame, called side information, is produced by interpolating the available frames. The side information, that can be considered as a noisy version of the real Wyner-Ziv Frame, is corrected by the parity bits sent by the encoder. In this thesis, we propose several algorithms for side information generation both for the temporal and inter-view interpolation. We also propose a Bayesian fusion of the two estimations. All our algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art in terms of rate distortion performance. We also propose several algorithms for Wyner-Ziv estimation in the context of multiview video plus depth
Diong, Mouhamadou. "Développement d'outils statistiques pour l'amélioration de dispositifs d'imagerie acoustique et micro-onde." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4771/document.
Full textImproving the performance of diffraction based imaging systems constitutes a major issue in both acoustic and electromagnetic scattering. To solve this problem, two main approaches can be explored. The first one consists in improving the inversion algorithms used in diffraction based imaging. However, while this approach generally leads to a significant improvement of the performance of the imaging system, it remains limited by the initial amount of information available within the measurements. The second one consists in improving the measurement system in order to maximize the amount of information within the experimental data. This approach does require a quantitative mean of measuring the amount of information available. In estimation problems, the {appraisal of the} performance of the system is often used for that purpose. In this Ph.D. thesis, we use the Cramer Rao bound to assess the performance of the imaging system. In fact, this quantity has the advantage of providing an assessment which is independent from the inversion algorithm used. Two main analysis are discussed in this thesis. The first analysis explores the influence on the system's performance, of several experimental conditions such as the antennas positions, the radiation pattern of the source, the properties of the background medium, etc. Two classes of objects are considered: 2D homogeneous circular cylindrical objects and 2D cylindrical objects with defect. The second analysis studies the performance of an estimator based on Born approximation with the Cramer Rao Bound as reference. The aim of this second analysis is to showcase other possible applications for the Cramer Rao Bound
Petrazzuoli, Giovanni. "Interpolation temporelle et inter-vues pour l'amélioration de l'information adjacente dans le codage vidéo distribué." Phd thesis, Telecom ParisTech, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060836.
Full textHuber, Stefan. "Voice Conversion by modelling and transformation of extended voice characteristics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066750.pdf.
Full textVoice Conversion (VC) aims at transforming the characteristics of a source speaker’s voice in such a way that it will be perceived as being uttered by a target speaker. The principle of VC is to define mapping functions for the conversion from one source speaker’s voice to one target speaker’s voice. The transformation functions of common State-Of-The-Art (START) VC system adapt instantaneously to the characteristics of the source voice. While recent VC systems have made considerable progress over the conversion quality of initial approaches, the quality is nevertheless not yet sufficient. Considerable improvements are required before VC techniques can be used in an professional industrial environment. The objective of this thesis is to augment the quality of Voice Conversion to facilitate its industrial applicability to a reasonable extent. The basic properties of different START algorithms for Voice Conversion are discussed on their intrinsic advantages and shortcomings. Based on experimental evaluations of one GMM-based State-Of-The-Art VC approach the conclusion is that most VC systems which rely on statistical models are, due to averaging effect of the linear regression, less appropriate to achieve a high enough similarity score to the target speaker required for industrial usage. The contributions established throughout this thesis work lie in the extended means to a) model the glottal excitation source, b) model a voice descriptor set using a novel speech system based on an extended source-filter model, and c) to further advance IRCAM’s novel VC system by combining it with the contributions of a) and b)
Langevin, François. "Paramétrage autorégressif de l'électromyogramme pendant des épreuves prolongées de contraction volontaire et de stimulation électrique musculaire du biceps brachial." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI240.
Full textTwo lattice autoregressive different techniques are used to represent EMG signal during two types of experiences : isometric sustained voluntary contractions induced by transcutaneous electrical stimulation, both on the biceps brachial. On first, the signal is slowly non stationary and is identified by pieces, and in the second case, a covariance algorithm is used to process the local non stationnarity of a response, and then of its time drift. There are different interest contained in this method : good reproductibility (low order), cheap microsystem equipment, real time monitoring and quantification of fatigue. Thanks to stimulation, different parts have been detected during experiences, and are discusses from a physiological and from a signal entropy point of view
Mazet, Vincent. "Développement de méthodes de traitement de signaux spectroscopiques : estimation de la ligne de base et du spectre de raies." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011477.
Full textDans un premier temps est proposée une méthode déterministe qui permet d'estimer la ligne de base des spectres par le polynôme qui minimise une fonction-coût non quadratique (fonction de Huber ou parabole tronquée). En particulier, les versions asymétriques sont particulièrement bien adaptées pour les spectres dont les raies sont positives. Pour la minimisation, on utilise l'algorithme de minimisation semi-quadratique LEGEND.
Dans un deuxième temps, on souhaite estimer le spectre de raies : l'approche bayésienne couplée aux techniques MCMC fournit un cadre d'étude très efficace. Une première approche formalise le problème en tant que déconvolution impulsionnelle myope non supervisée. En particulier, le signal impulsionnel est modélisé par un processus Bernoulli-gaussien à support positif ; un algorithme d'acceptation-rejet mixte permet la simulation de lois normales tronquées. Une alternative intéressante à cette approche est de considérer le problème comme une décomposition en motifs élémentaires. Un modèle original est alors introduit ; il a l'intérêt de conserver l'ordre du système fixe. Le problème de permutation d'indices est également étudié et un algorithme de ré-indexage est proposé.
Les algorithmes sont validés sur des spectres simulés puis sur des spectres infrarouge et Raman réels.
Vallet, Pascal. "Matrices aléatoires et applications au traitement statistique du signal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00674747.
Full textHamie, Ali. "Traitement statistique du signal : applications en biologie et économie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS012/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on developing mathematical tools to treat a range of biological and economic signals. First, we propose the Dynalet transform for non-symmetrical biological relaxation signals. This transform is considered as an alternative to the Fourier transform and the wavelet transform. The applicability of the new approximation approach is illustrated on real data. Then, for spectrometric biological signals, we correct the baseline using a penalized expectile regression. Thus, the proposed applications show that our proposed regression is more efficient than the quantile regression. Then to remove random noise, we adapt to spectrometric data a new denoising method that combine wavelets, soft thresholding rule and PLS components. Finally, note that the biological signals may be often regarded as functional data. On one hand, we develop a functional local likelihood aiming to perform a supervised classification of curves. On the other hand, we estimate the regression operator with positive responses, by minimizing the mean squared relative error. Moreover, The asymptotic distributions of our estimator are established and their efficiency is illustrated on a simulation study and on a spectroscopic and economic data set
Cohen, Albert. "Ondelettes, analyses multi résolutions et traitement numérique du signal." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090018.
Full textJan, Didier. "Traitement numérique d'images de sonar latéral." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPD007.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show how computer-aided techniques could be applied to improve the interpretation of the data of side scan sonar and acoustical recognition of the seabed. Two different methods will be exposed. In both case, we take account of the duality of the backscattering characteristics which depend on the nature and the surface conditions. In the first method, the analysis of the shape of the probability density curve of bottom reverberation, can provide us measurements which, by including some assumptions, are intimately related to the surface roughness. We estimate the probability density curve with theorical probability density functions. The second method, which is based on digital image processing, use grey level dependency matrices. This statistical analysis of the image texture provide us segmentators to subdivide the image in "homogeneous" area and the recognition can be done by the knowledge of a reference area taken in situ
Pignolet, Jean-Marc. "Filtrage numérique et fonctions élémentaires pour un processeur de traitement du signal." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0068.
Full textDouimi, Mohammed. "Modélisation markovienne et optimisation numérique pour la restauration des signaux en (1D) et (2D)." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES039.
Full textBonnet, Madeleine. "Codage numérique des signaux par quantification et prédiction adaptatives couplées." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112033.
Full textPietquin, Olivier. "De l'Apprentissage Statistique pour le Contrôle Optimal et le Traitement du Signal." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652777.
Full textVernhes, Jean-Adrien. "Échantillonnage Non Uniforme : Application aux filtrages et aux conversions CAN/CNA (Convertisseurs Analogique-Numérique et Numérique/Analogique) dans les télécommunications par satellite." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15601/1/JAVernhes.pdf.
Full textMarot, Julien. "Méthodes par sous-espaces et d'optimisation : application au traitement d'antenne, à l'analyse d'images, et au traitement de données tensorielles." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30051.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to subspace-based and optimization methods, developed in array processing, image processing, tensor signal processing. Definitions concerning an array processing problem and high resolution methods are presented. We propose an optimization method applied to source detection in presence of phase distortions for a high number of sensors. We propose fast subspace-based methods for the estimation of straight line offset and orientation, several optimization methods to estimate distorted contours, nearly straight or circular. We provide a state-of-the art about multiway signal processing: truncation of the HOSVD, lower rank tensor approximation, multiway Wiener filtering. We propose a procedure for nonorthogonal tensor flattening, using the method presented in the first part
Papakonstantinou, Konstantinos. "Les applications du traitement du signal statistique à la localisation mobile." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0041.
Full textIn this work we attack the problem of mobile terminal (MT) location estimation in NLoS environments. Traditional localization methods are 2-step processes: In the 1st step a set of location-dependent parameters (LDP) is estimated. In the 2nd step, the MT location is estimated by finding the position that best fits the LDP estimates. For the 1st step we have developed a high-resolution low-complexity LDP estimation algorithm (4D Unitary ESPRIT) for MIMO-OFDM systems, to estimate the angles of arrival (AoA), the angles of departure (AoD), the delays (ToA) and the Doppler shifts (DS) of the multipath components (MPC). As far as the second step of localization is concerned, we developed several hybrid methods applicable to NLoS environments. In the NLoS localization problem, mapping the LDP estimates to the location of the MT is not trivial. To this end, we utilize static and dynamic geometrical channel models (eg. SBM). The 2 great advantages of the SBM-based methods are the identifiability even for cases when LDP estimates are available for only 2 MPC and the remarkable performance for cases when the channel is richer. Due to these great advantages, we consider SBM-based methods to be an appealing solution for the NLoS localization problem. Moreover, we have developed a direct location estimation (DLE) method for MIMO-OFDM systems. In contrast to traditional methods, DLE estimates the MT location directly from the received signal. Its main advantage is the enhanced accuracy at low to medium signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and/or with small number of data samples, as demonstrated by our results
El, Sayed Atika. "Echographie ultrasonore à émission de type "Chirp" et traitement par analyse spectrale numérique." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19018.
Full textRenaux, Alexandre. "Contribution à l'analyse des performances d'estimation en traitement statistique du signal." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129527.
Full textLa difficulté majeure provient du fait que l'EQM de l'estimateur d'un paramètre à support borné se divise en trois régions : la plage asymptotique, souvent caractérisée par un grand nombre d'observations ou un faible niveau de bruit, où l'erreur d'estimation est faible, la plage de décrochement où l'EQM se dégrade rapidement et la zone a priori où les observations se réduisent principalement à la seule contribution du bruit et donc, n'apportent pratiquement plus d'informations sur les paramètres à estimer. Beaucoup de résultats sont disponibles pour la zone asymptotique : distribution des estimées, biais, variance. En revanche, le comportement des estimateur dans les zones de décrochement et a priori a été beaucoup moins étudié. Pourtant ces zones non-asymptotiques constituent au même titre que le biais ou la variance une caractéristique fondamentale d'un estimateur puisque qu'elle délimite la plage acceptable de fonctionnement optimal.
Le but de cette thèse est, dans un premier temps, de compléter la caractérisation de la zone asymptotique (en particulier lorsque le rapport signal sur bruit est élevé et pour un nombre d'observations fini) pour les estimateurs au sens du maximum de vraisemblance dans un contexte traitement d'antenne. Dans un second temps, le but est de donner les limites fondamentales de l'EQM d'un estimateur sur ses trois plages de fonctionnement. Les outils utilisés ici sont les bornes minimales de l'EQM autres que les bornes de Cramér-Rao dont la validité n'est qu'asymptotique.
Les résultats obtenus sont appliqués à l'analyse spectrale et à l'estimation de porteuse dans le contexte des communications numériques et fournissent de surcroît des outils intéressants pour prédire la zone de décrochement d'un récepteur.
Goutin, Philippe. "Etude et réalisation d'un processeur acousto-optique hybride pour le traitement numérique du signal." Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e86735cf-4be2-48ae-b8c1-840647668a91.
Full textAïssa-El-Bey, Abdeldjalil. "Représentations parcimonieuse et applications en communication numérique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063287.
Full textLogette, Patrice. "Etude et réalisation d'un processeur acousto-optique numérique de traitement des signaux." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bbfd31df-2499-46a6-843d-52f346b1db41.
Full textNouvellet, Adrien. "Avancées récentes en traitement statistique du signal appliquées à l'estimation et la détection d'ondes infrasonores." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0011/document.
Full textThe core of this thesis is the infrasound signal processing and particularly the estimation and detection using a sensor array. The themes presented here are well-suited to experimentation and we tried, as much as possible, to illustrate the theoretical results with real data. The first part describes the implications and difficulties of infrasonic detection. We review the state-of-the-art of detection techniques based on hypothesis testing and supplement them with the aim of automatic detection. The second part of this thesis highlights the error on the angle of arrival estimation due to considering the arrays as planar (common approximation). In response to this problem, a new estimator considering the full geometry of the array and including an a priori on the speed of the infrasonic wave is derived and studied. We show that the described estimator significantly improve performance. The third part introduces the modeling of infrasonic signal as autoregressive process. This modeling allows us to derived a sequential approach to detect infrasound based on the beamforming and the detection of abrupt changes. The last part of this manuscript aims to propose an alternative "signal'' model. We present new results highlighting a phenomenon of loss of coherence of the signals recorded by different sensors. This work leads to the generation of synthetic infrasonic signal in order to study the performance of the detection algorithms
Nouvellet, Adrien. "Avancées récentes en traitement statistique du signal appliquées à l'estimation et la détection d'ondes infrasonores." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0011.
Full textThe core of this thesis is the infrasound signal processing and particularly the estimation and detection using a sensor array. The themes presented here are well-suited to experimentation and we tried, as much as possible, to illustrate the theoretical results with real data. The first part describes the implications and difficulties of infrasonic detection. We review the state-of-the-art of detection techniques based on hypothesis testing and supplement them with the aim of automatic detection. The second part of this thesis highlights the error on the angle of arrival estimation due to considering the arrays as planar (common approximation). In response to this problem, a new estimator considering the full geometry of the array and including an a priori on the speed of the infrasonic wave is derived and studied. We show that the described estimator significantly improve performance. The third part introduces the modeling of infrasonic signal as autoregressive process. This modeling allows us to derived a sequential approach to detect infrasound based on the beamforming and the detection of abrupt changes. The last part of this manuscript aims to propose an alternative "signal'' model. We present new results highlighting a phenomenon of loss of coherence of the signals recorded by different sensors. This work leads to the generation of synthetic infrasonic signal in order to study the performance of the detection algorithms
Angeletti, Florian. "Sommes et extrêmes en physique statistique et traitement du signal : ruptures de convergences, effets de taille finie et représentation matricielle." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779703.
Full textChabert, Marie. "Détection et estimation de ruptures noyées dans un bruit multiplicatif : approches classiques en temps-échelle." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT127H.
Full textGoalic, André. "Etude et réalisation de codeur/décodeur de parole à bas débit pour la téléphonie numérique acoustique sous-marine." Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES2003.
Full textBenmeziane, Bochra. "Techniques de modulation OFDM et traitement du signal pour le radar automobile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, INSA, 2023. https://partages.insa-rennes.fr/share/page/document-details?nodeRef=workspace://SpacesStore/0b6250cd-70e1-45c1-884f-20619f2006f2.
Full textThis document investigates the use of the OFDM waveform in automotive radar. This waveform is considered as a suitable replacement for the FMCW waveform widely used in automotive and that shows signs of vulnerability to interference. The investigation is conducted through two main segments : the study of OFDM radar performance and the study of its limits and their potential solutions. The main goal is to aggregate the information in order to parameterize an OFDM radar following a set of specification. For the first segment, different ways to exploit the OFDM waveform for automotive radar sensing are presented. Various filters are investigated for delay computation. Due to their utmost importance, the sub-carrier allocation policies are studies and compared and their interaction with the filters is revealed. Lastly, the OFDM radar performance in terms of resolution, ambiguity and range profile PSLR and ISLR are compared to those of the FMCW radar. In the second segment of out study, we list the OFDM radar limits. Its ability to perform in the presence of other radars is tested through the quantification of the impact of interference between OFDM radars, OFDM on FMCW and FMCW on OFDM. The impact of multipath is also quantified. Next, range ambiguity is tackled and solutions to overcome its effects are proposed. Lastly, the radar robustness to Doppler is estimated through its PSLR
Triki, Mahdi. "Quelques contributions au traitement statistique du signal et applications au débruitage audio et à la localisation des mobiles." Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0027.
Full textA random or stochastic process is a mathematical model for a phenomenon that evolves in an unpredictable manner. If prior information on the signal structure or statistics is available, the accuracy of the statistical signal processing significantly increases by an appropriate exploitation of such prior. We investigate three kinds of prior: spectral, spatial, and statistical information. First, we investigate the structural representation of audio signals. The proposed model exploits both the sparsity and the time-frequency correlation of the audio signal. We have considered the application of our model to audio enhancement and separation. Simulations reveal that the proposed approach is suitable for the analysis of music and speech signals and outperforms the classic matching pursuit schemes in terms of separation accuracy and robustness. Then, we investigate blind dereverberation of audio signals. A multichannel linear prediction based equalizer is proposed, exploiting spatial, temporal, and spectral diversities. Simulations show that the proposed equalizer outperforms the classic beamformer. The last part of the thesis focuses on Bayesian parameter estimation. Classical Bayesian approaches lead to useful MSE reduction, but they also introduce a bias (often annoying for several applications). We introduce the concept of Component-Wise Conditionally Unbiased parameter estimation, in which unbiasedness is forced for one parameter at a time. The more general introduction of the CWCU concept is motivated by LMMSE channel estimation, for which the implications of the concept are illustrated in various ways. Application to mobile localization is investigated in more details
Triki, Mahdi. "Quelques contributions au traitement statistique du signal et applications au débruitage audio et à la localisation des mobiles /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41275521z.
Full textPedzisz, Maciej. "Séparation et reconnaissance des signaux d’interception en télécommunications." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2012.
Full textThis thesis deals with approaches in the context of the Civil Surveillance or the Electronic Warfare, where one can be confronted with the problems of automatic recognition and blind separation of modulations. It is composed of 3 main parts. The first part, touch on the problems related to carrier frequency synchronization. These problems result from the unknown modulation type and the insufficient precision of classical methods for spectral estimation (multi-component signals). Two new approaches are proposed to stabilize the constellations of the captured signals. The second part introduces two algorithms of automatic recognition of digital modulations. These algorithms are based on new distinctive features in order to ensure preliminary as well as fine-tuned classification. The experimental results showed that the two methods are able to classify correctly MPSK, MQAM and MFSK modulation types, and can be easily adopted for other types of signals. Lastly, in the third part, the blind separation of underdetermined, convolutifs mixtures is described. Using only one observation of a mixture of two digitally modulated signals, a new criterion of separation, as well as a new structure of a receiver-separator is proposed. Thanks to this new structure, it becomes possible to estimate, in the same time, the impulse responses of the emission filters and the transmission channels, as well as both sequences of the emitted symbols
Iooss, Bertrand. "Contributions au traitement des incertitudes en modélisation numérique : propagation d'ondes en milieu aléatoire et analyse statistique d'expériences simulées." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360995.
Full textDerrode, Stéphane. "Contributions en segmentation statistique d'images et reconnaissance de formes 2D." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325082.
Full textLi, Qianrui. "Transmission coopérative et traitement du signal distribué avec feedback et backhaul limité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0022.
Full textTransmitter cooperation is considered a promising tool for dealing with interference in wireless networks with an aggressive reuse policy of spectral resources. Although transmitter cooperation comes in many flavors, a recurrent assumption behind proposed methods lies in the need for cooperating devices to (i) acquire, share information pertaining to the propagation channel toward the multiple receivers and (ii) perform cooperation based on the disseminated information in the previous step. This holds true for instance for coordinated beamforming methods and, to an even greater extent, for network-MIMO (Joint Processing coordinated multi-point (JP CoMP) in the long term evolution (LTE) terminology). As feedback and exchange of channel state information (CSI) come at a price in terms of signaling overhead, there arise two important questions: (i) What information should be fed back or exchanged such that the CSI acquired at each transmitter is most informative to perform cooperation? (ii) Which techniques can reap the benefits of cooperation while living with an imperfect channel representation that varies from transmitter to transmitter ? In this thesis, we address both aforementioned questions. We consider first each transmitter acquires an initial imperfect CSI based on limited receivers feedback. For the design of efficient cooperation techniques that copes with the imperfect and non-identical CSI configuration at each transmitter, we investigate specifically a regularized zero forcing (RZF) precoder design in large system scenario. Finally, interesting and challenging research directions and open problems are discussed
Eudeline, Yannick. "Diffusion acoustique par des cibles limitées : traitement numérique des signaux." Le Havre, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEHA0005.
Full textLee, Seung-Woo. "Enrichissement de la régularité de la triangulation de l'iso-surface des images volumiques : application à l'imagerie médicale et à la compression sur une base d'ondelettes." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0130/these.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the construction of meshes from volume images. The objective is obtaining meshes with regular connectivity i. E. Many interior vertices have valence six or semi-regular i. E. With the subdivision connectivity. The regular mesh facilitates the treatment of the 3D geometrical signal particularly in multiresolution approaches and improves the connectivity compression ratio. We establish a constraint: not to modify the geometry of the mesh (coordinates of vertices) but subjacent surface is able to be slightly modified. - The first proposed approach revisites the Marching Cubes algorithm and constructs a mesh made up of triangles and quadrangles. In a second stage the quadrangles are triangulated in order to maximize the number of vertices of valence six by optimizing a quality criterion by regions. This approach does not modify the geometry because the triangulations of the quadrangles are equivalent under the principle of the Marching Cubes algorithm. A third stage improves the connectivity of the whole vertices using edge-flips at the cost of a small modification of subjacent surface. - The second proposed approach is an explicit subdivision remeshing of the mesh built by the Marching Cubes algorithm (or any other mesh type), by groups of eight triangles using a region growing algorithm. The evaluation of the result quality is direct: by calculating vertices valence histogram, their variance, their entropy, the number of one-to-four subdivisions. But also indirect: by measuring the connectivity coding cost or studding the rate-distortion curve in wavelet based multiresolution compression
Rousseau, François. "Méthodes d'analyse d'images pour l'anatomie numérique cérébrale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011781.
Full textKorakis, Charalambos. "Synchronisation et détection en bande étroite par filtrage de Kalman étendu." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ESAE0007.
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