Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement du signal Tensor'
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Sorensen, Mikael. "Tensor tools with application in signal processing." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4030.
Full textNombre de problèmes issus du traitement de signal peuvent être modélisés par des équations/problèmes tensoriels. La spécificité des problèmes de traitement de signal est qu’ils donnent lieu à des décompositions tensorielles structurées. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est, d’une part, le développement de méthodes numériques appliquées aux problèmes de décompositions de tenseurs structurés et, d’autre part, leur application en traitement de signal. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons des méthodes pour le calcul de la décomposition CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) avec un facteur matriciel semi-unitaire. De plus, nous développons des méthodes pour résoudre des problèmes d’analyse en composantes indépendantes (ICA) pouvant être modélisés par une décomposition CP structurée, en les considérant comme des problèmes de décompositions CP sous contrainte de semi-unitarité. Ensuite, pour le calcul de décompositions CP avec symétries hermitiennes partielles, nous proposons des méthodes de décompositions simultanées de Schur généralisées. D’un point de vue numérique, nous développons le calcul de décompositions CP réelles par une méthode de Jacobi. En troisième lieu, nous nous attaquons à la décomposition de tenseurs ayant des facteurs matriciels bande ou Hankel/Toeplitz, conjointement (ou non) à des symétries hermitiennes partielles. Ces méthodes sont appliquées à la résolution de problèmes d’identification aveugle basés sur des cumulants. Enfin, nous proposons une méthode (plus) efficace pour l’égalisation aveugle de canaux paraunitaires basée sur les itérations de Jacobi. Dans le même esprit, nous dérivons une solution algébrique à la méthode de Jacobi pour effectuer la diagonalisation conjointe de matrices réelles définies positives
Silva, Alex Pereira da. "Techniques tensorielles pour le traitement du signal : algorithmes pour la décomposition polyadique canonique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT042/document.
Full textLow rank tensor decomposition has been playing for the last years an important rolein many applications such as blind source separation, telecommunications, sensor array processing,neuroscience, chemometrics, and data mining. The Canonical Polyadic tensor decomposition is veryattractive when compared to standard matrix-based tools, manly on system identification. In this thesis,we propose: (i) several algorithms to compute specific low rank-approximations: finite/iterativerank-1 approximations, iterative deflation approximations, and orthogonal tensor decompositions. (ii)A new strategy to solve multivariate quadratic systems, where this problem is reduced to a best rank-1 tensor approximation problem. (iii) Theoretical results to study and proof the performance or theconvergence of some algorithms. All performances are supported by numerical experiments
A aproximação tensorial de baixo posto desempenha nestes últimos anos um papel importanteem várias aplicações, tais como separação cega de fontes, telecomunicações, processamentode antenas, neurociênca, quimiometria e exploração de dados. A decomposição tensorial canônicaé bastante atrativa se comparada às técnicas matriciais clássicas, principalmente na identificação desistemas. Nesta tese, propõe-se (i) vários algoritmos para calcular alguns tipos de aproximação deposto: aproximação de posto-1 iterativa e em um número finito de operações, a aproximação pordeflação iterativa, e a decomposição tensorial ortogonal; (ii) uma nova estratégia para resolver sistemasquadráticos em várias variáveis, em que tal problema pode ser reduzido à melhor aproximaçãode posto-1 de um tensor; (iii) resultados teóricos visando estudar o desempenho ou demonstrar aconvergência de alguns algoritmos. Todas os desempenhos são ilustrados através de simulações computacionais
Marmin, Arthur. "Rational models optimized exactly for solving signal processing problems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG017.
Full textA wide class of nonconvex optimization problem is represented by rational optimization problems. The latter appear naturally in many areas such as signal processing or chemical engineering. However, finding the global optima of such problems is intricate. A recent approach called Lasserre's hierarchy provides a sequence of convex problems that has the theoretical guarantee to converge to the global optima. Nevertheless, this approach is computationally challenging due to the high dimensions of the convex relaxations. In this thesis, we tackle this challenge for various signal processing problems.First, we formulate the reconstruction of sparse signals as a rational optimization problem. We show that the latter has a structure that we wan exploit in order to reduce the complexity of the associated relaxations. We thus solve several practical problems such as the reconstruction of chromatography signals. We also extend our method to the reconstruction of various types of signal corrupted by different noise models.In a second part, we study the convex relaxations generated by our problems which take the form of high-dimensional semi-definite programming problems. We consider several algorithms mainly based on proximal operators to solve those high-dimensional problems efficiently.The last part of this thesis is dedicated to the link between polynomial optimization and symmetric tensor decomposition. Indeed, they both can be seen as an instance of the moment problem. We thereby propose a detection method as well as a decomposition algorithm for symmetric tensors based on the tools used in polynomial optimization. In parallel, we suggest a robust extraction method for polynomial optimization based on tensor decomposition algorithms. Those methods are illustrated on signal processing problems
Han, Xu. "Robust low-rank tensor approximations using group sparsity." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S001/document.
Full textLast decades, tensor decompositions have gained in popularity in several application domains. Most of the existing tensor decomposition methods require an estimating of the tensor rank in a preprocessing step to guarantee an outstanding decomposition results. Unfortunately, learning the exact rank of the tensor can be difficult in some particular cases, such as for low signal to noise ratio values. The objective of this thesis is to compute the best low-rank tensor approximation by a joint estimation of the rank and the loading matrices from the noisy tensor. Based on the low-rank property and an over estimation of the loading matrices or the core tensor, this joint estimation problem is solved by promoting group sparsity of over-estimated loading matrices and/or the core tensor. More particularly, three new methods are proposed to achieve efficient low rank estimation for three different tensors decomposition models, namely Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD), Block Term Decomposition (BTD) and Multilinear Tensor Decomposition (MTD). All the proposed methods consist of two steps: the first step is designed to estimate the rank, and the second step uses the estimated rank to compute accurately the loading matrices. Numerical simulations with noisy tensor and results on real data the show effectiveness of the proposed methods compared to the state-of-the-art methods
Ionita, Razvan-Adrian. "Conception de circuits à signaux mixtes pour des communications portables à basse tension et haute fréquence en CMOS bulk et SOI." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0028.
Full textPoisson, Olivier. "Nouvelles techniques du traitement du signal et d'identification pour l'analyse des perturbations de la tension." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066595.
Full textAndré, Rémi. "Algorithmes de diagonalisation conjointe par similitude pour la décomposition canonique polyadique de tenseurs : applications en séparation de sources." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0011.
Full textThis thesis introduces new joint eigenvalue decomposition algorithms. These algorithms allowamongst others to solve the canonical polyadic decomposition problem. This decomposition iswidely used for blind source separation. Using the joint eigenvalue decomposition to solve thecanonical polyadic decomposition problem allows to avoid some problems whose the others canonicalpolyadic decomposition algorithms generally suffer, such as the convergence rate, theoverfactoring sensibility and the correlated factors sensibility. The joint eigenvalue decompositionalgorithms dealing with complex data give either good results when the noise power is low, orthey are robust to the noise power but have a high numerical cost. Therefore, we first proposealgorithms equally dealing with real and complex. Moreover, in some applications, factor matricesof the canonical polyadic decomposition contain only nonnegative values. Taking this constraintinto account makes the algorithms more robust to the overfactoring and to the correlated factors.Therefore, we also offer joint eigenvalue decomposition algorithms taking advantage of thisnonnegativity constraint. Suggested numerical simulations show that the first developed algorithmsimprove the estimation accuracy and reduce the numerical cost in the case of complexdata. Our numerical simulations also highlight the fact that our nonnegative joint eigenvaluedecomposition algorithms improve the factor matrices estimation when their columns have ahigh correlation degree. Eventually, we successfully applied our algorithms to two blind sourceseparation problems : one concerning numerical telecommunications and the other concerningfluorescence spectroscopy
André, Rémi. "Algorithmes de diagonalisation conjointe par similitude pour la décomposition canonique polyadique de tenseurs : applications en séparation de sources." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0011/document.
Full textThis thesis introduces new joint eigenvalue decomposition algorithms. These algorithms allowamongst others to solve the canonical polyadic decomposition problem. This decomposition iswidely used for blind source separation. Using the joint eigenvalue decomposition to solve thecanonical polyadic decomposition problem allows to avoid some problems whose the others canonicalpolyadic decomposition algorithms generally suffer, such as the convergence rate, theoverfactoring sensibility and the correlated factors sensibility. The joint eigenvalue decompositionalgorithms dealing with complex data give either good results when the noise power is low, orthey are robust to the noise power but have a high numerical cost. Therefore, we first proposealgorithms equally dealing with real and complex. Moreover, in some applications, factor matricesof the canonical polyadic decomposition contain only nonnegative values. Taking this constraintinto account makes the algorithms more robust to the overfactoring and to the correlated factors.Therefore, we also offer joint eigenvalue decomposition algorithms taking advantage of thisnonnegativity constraint. Suggested numerical simulations show that the first developed algorithmsimprove the estimation accuracy and reduce the numerical cost in the case of complexdata. Our numerical simulations also highlight the fact that our nonnegative joint eigenvaluedecomposition algorithms improve the factor matrices estimation when their columns have ahigh correlation degree. Eventually, we successfully applied our algorithms to two blind sourceseparation problems : one concerning numerical telecommunications and the other concerningfluorescence spectroscopy
Boudehane, Abdelhak. "Structured-joint factor estimation for high-order and large-scale tensors." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG085.
Full textMultidimensional data sets and signals occupy an important place in recent application fields. Tensor decomposition represents a powerful mathematical tool for modeling multidimensional data and signals, without losing the interdimensional relations. The Canonical Polyadic (CP) model, a widely used tensor decomposition model, is unique up to scale and permutation indeterminacies. This property facilitates the physical interpretation, which has led the integration of the CP model in various contexts. The main challenge facing the tensor modeling is the computational complexity and memory requirements. High-order tensors represent a important issue, since the computational complexity and the required memory space increase exponentially with respect to the order. Another issue is the size of the tensor in the case of large-scale problems, which adds another burden to the complexity and memory. Tensor Networks (TN) theory is a promising framework, allowing to reduce high-order problems into a set of lower order problems. In particular, the Tensor-Train (TT) model, one of the TN models, is an interesting ground for dimensionality reduction. However, respresenting a CP tensor using a TT model, is extremely expensive in the case of large-scale tensors, since it requires full matricization of the tensor, which may exceed the memory capacity.In this thesis, we study the dimensionality reduction in the context of sparse-coding and high-order coupled tensor decomposition. Based on the results of Joint dImensionality Reduction And Factor rEtrieval (JIRAFE) scheme, we use the flexibility of the TT model to integrate the physical driven constraints and the prior knowledge on the factors, with the aim to reduce the computation time. For large-scale problems, we propose a scheme allowing to parallelize and randomize the different steps, i.e., the dimensionality reduction and the factor estimation. We also propose a grid-based strategy, allowing a full parallel processing for the case of very large scales and dynamic tensor decomposition
Cipriano, Francesco. "Recherche de matière noire scalaire légère avec des détecteurs d'ondes gravitationnelles." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4040.
Full textThe existence of the dark matter and the truth beyond its nature has been one of the greatest puzzles of the twentieth century and still it is nowadays. In the last decades several hypotheses, such as the WIMPs model, have been proposed to solve such puzzle but none of them has been able so far to succeed.In this thesis work we will focus on another very appealing model in which dark matter is successfully described by an ultra-light scalar field whose origin can be sought in the low-energy limit of one of the most promising unification theories: the String Theory.In this work we show how such scalar field, if present, interacts with standard matter and in particular with the optical apparatus that is at the core of gravitational waves antennas. We derive and discuss the signal produced by this interaction through different approaches deriving both approximated and exact solutions. Special attention is paid to the second-order term of the signal approximate series expansion whose contribution ends up to be not negligible when one factors in the specific geometrical dimensions and frequency range of gravitational waves detectors like Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo.A suggested by recent surveys we assume presence of a dark matter stream in the local neighborhood of the solar system and show its effect on the signal.We then propose and discuss a hierarchical statistical analysis aimed to the signal detection. In case of no detection a limit curve for the coupling parameter dg* is derived. Such curve is then analyzed in detail showing the magnitude of the contribution of the first-order and second-order terms of the signal series expansion. We analyze the modification of the constraint curve due to the variation of the fraction of local dark matter belonging to the stream. We show finally how the constraint curve responds to variations of the search parameter and discuss the optimal choices
Zniyed, Yassine. "Breaking the curse of dimensionality based on tensor train : models and algorithms." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS330.
Full textMassive and heterogeneous data processing and analysis have been clearly identified by the scientific community as key problems in several application areas. It was popularized under the generic terms of "data science" or "big data". Processing large volumes of data, extracting their hidden patterns, while preforming prediction and inference tasks has become crucial in economy, industry and science.Treating independently each set of measured data is clearly a reductiveapproach. By doing that, "hidden relationships" or inter-correlations between thedatasets may be totally missed. Tensor decompositions have received a particular attention recently due to their capability to handle a variety of mining tasks applied to massive datasets, being a pertinent framework taking into account the heterogeneity and multi-modality of the data. In this case, data can be arranged as a D-dimensional array, also referred to as a D-order tensor.In this context, the purpose of this work is that the following properties are present: (i) having a stable factorization algorithms (not suffering from convergence problems), (ii) having a low storage cost (i.e., the number of free parameters must be linear in D), and (iii) having a formalism in the form of a graph allowing a simple but rigorous mental visualization of tensor decompositions of tensors of high order, i.e., for D> 3.Therefore, we rely on the tensor train decomposition (TT) to develop new TT factorization algorithms, and new equivalences in terms of tensor modeling, allowing a new strategy of dimensionality reduction and criterion optimization of coupled least squares for the estimation of parameters named JIRAFE.This methodological work has had applications in the context of multidimensional spectral analysis and relay telecommunications systems
Boizard, Mélanie. "Développement et études de performances de nouveaux détecteurs/filtres rang faible dans des configurations RADAR multidimensionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0063.
Full textMost of statistical signal processing algorithms, are based on the use of signal covariance matrix. In practical cases this matrix is unknown and is estimated from samples. The adaptive versions of the algorithms can then be applied, replacing the actual covariance matrix by its estimate. These algorithms present a major drawback: they require a large number of samples in order to obtain good results. If the covariance matrix is low-rank structured, its eigenbasis may be separated in two orthogonal subspaces. Thanks to the LR approximation, orthogonal projectors onto theses subspaces may be used instead of the noise CM in processes, leading to low-rank algorithms. The adaptive versions of these algorithms achieve similar performance to classic classic ones with less samples. Furthermore, the current increase in the size of the data strengthens the relevance of this type of method. However, this increase may often be associated with an increase of the dimension of the system, leading to multidimensional samples. Such multidimensional data may be processed by two approaches: the vectorial one and the tensorial one. The vectorial approach consists in unfolding the data into vectors and applying the traditional algorithms. These operations are not lossless since they involve a loss of structure. Several issues may arise from this loss: decrease of performance and/or lack of robustness. The tensorial approach relies on multilinear algebra, which provides a good framework to exploit these data and preserve their structure information. In this context, data are represented as multidimensional arrays called tensor. Nevertheless, generalizing vectorial-based algorithms to the multilinear algebra framework is not a trivial task. In particular, the extension of low-rank algorithm to tensor context implies to choose a tensor decomposition in order to estimate the signal and noise subspaces. The purpose of this thesis is to derive and study tensor low-rank algorithms. This work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the derivation of theoretical performance of a tensor MUSIC algorithm based on Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) and its application to a polarized source model. The second part concerns the derivation of tensor low-rank filters and detectors in a general low-rank tensor context. This work is based on a new definition of tensor rank and a new orthogonal tensor decomposition : the Alternative Unfolding HOSVD (AU-HOSVD). In the last part, these algorithms are applied to a particular radar configuration : the Space-Time Adaptive Process (STAP). This application illustrates the interest of tensor approach and algorithms based on AU-HOSVD
Loudot, Serge. "Filtrage actif des réseaux moyenne tension : association d'un convertisseur multicellulaire et d'un circuit passif." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT089H.
Full textRigot, David. "Contribution à l'étude de l'érosion des électrodes de torches à plasma d'arc pour la projection par suivi en ligne des signaux de tension et de son." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/76eed5c7-37ed-4a93-a31a-2f2c4c44acdb/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0053.pdf.
Full textIn plasma spraying, the consequences of the wear of the electrodes of d. C. Plasma torches may be catastrophic for a coating (bad quality, peeling, etc. ). This paper presents a new method that has consisted in monitoring along the working hours of the torch, starting with brand new electrodes ("initial time"), till they are replaced, the evolution of many parameters in relation with the signals emitted by the torch (voltage at the edges of the electrodes and sound). This study has allowed choosing those parameters that were the more relevant for giving an account of the erosion. They are the mean voltage, the root mean square value of the voltage, and the frequency of the main peak in the spectrum of the sound and especially the evolution of theirs ratio relatively to the values obtained at the initial time. This study was performed with a software, developed with Labview on a PC, now replaced by an electronic device. The latter, designed with the DSP (Digital Signal Processor) technology, displays, on light indicators, the state of the three parameters according to their comparison with two thresholds. A thermal simulation of the erosion is also proposed
Xu, Yanli. "Une mesure de non-stationnarité générale : Application en traitement d'images et du signaux biomédicaux." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0090/document.
Full textThe intensity variation is often used in signal or image processing algorithms after being quantified by a measurement method. The method for measuring and quantifying the intensity variation is called a « change measure », which is commonly used in methods for signal change detection, image edge detection, edge-based segmentation models, feature-preserving smoothing, etc. In these methods, the « change measure » plays such an important role that their performances are greatly affected by the result of the measurement of changes. The existing « change measures » may provide inaccurate information on changes, while processing biomedical images or signals, due to the high noise level or the strong randomness of the signals. This leads to various undesirable phenomena in the results of such methods. On the other hand, new medical imaging techniques bring out new data types and require new change measures. How to robustly measure changes in theos tensor-valued data becomes a new problem in image and signal processing. In this context, a « change measure », called the Non-Stationarity Measure (NSM), is improved and extended to become a general and robust « change measure » able to quantify changes existing in multidimensional data of different types, regarding different statistical parameters. A NSM-based change detection method and a NSM-based edge detection method are proposed and respectively applied to detect changes in ECG and EEG signals, and to detect edges in the cardiac diffusion weighted (DW) images. Experimental results show that the NSM-based detection methods can provide more accurate positions of change points and edges and can effectively reduce false detections. A NSM-based geometric active contour (NSM-GAC) model is proposed and applied to segment the ultrasound images of the carotid. Experimental results show that the NSM-GAC model provides better segmentation results with less iterations that comparative methods and can reduce false contours and leakages. Last and more important, a new feature-preserving smoothing approach called « Nonstationarity adaptive filtering (NAF) » is proposed and applied to enhance human cardiac DW images. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a better compromise between the smoothness of the homogeneous regions and the preservation of desirable features such as boundaries, thus leading to homogeneously consistent tensor fields and consequently a more reconstruction of the coherent fibers
Frusque, Gaëtan. "Inférence et décomposition modale de réseaux dynamiques en neurosciences." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN080.
Full textDynamic graphs make it possible to understand the evolution of complex systems evolving over time. This type of graph has recently received considerable attention. However, there is no consensus on how to infer and study these graphs. In this thesis, we propose specific methods for dynamical graph analysis. A dynamical graph can be seen as a succession of complete graphs sharing the same nodes, but with the weights associated with each link changing over time. The proposed methods can have applications in neuroscience or in the study of social networks such as Twitter and Facebook for example. The issue of this thesis is epilepsy, one of the most common neurological diseases in the world affecting around 1% of the population.The first part concerns the inference of dynamical graph from neurophysiological signals. To assess the similarity between each pairs of signals, in order to make the graph, we use measures of functional connectivity. The comparison of these measurements is therefore of great interest to understand the characteristics of the resulting graphs. We then compare functional connectivity measurements involving the instantaneous phase and amplitude of the signals. We are particularly interested in a measure called Phase-Locking-Value (PLV) which quantifies the phase synchrony between two signals. We then propose, in order to infer robust and interpretable dynamic graphs, two new indexes that are conditioned and regularized PLV. The second part concerns tools for dynamical graphs decompositions. The objective is to propose a semi-automatic method in order to characterize the most important patterns in the pathological network from several seizures of the same patient. First, we consider seizures that have similar durations and temporal evolutions. In this case the data can be conveniently represented as a tensor. A specific tensor decomposition is then applied. Secondly, we consider seizures that have heterogeneous durations. Several strategies are proposed and compared. These are methods which, in addition to extracting the characteristic subgraphs common to all the seizures, make it possible to observe their temporal activation profiles specific to each seizures. Finally, the selected method is used for a clinical application. The obtained decompositions are compared to the visual interpretation of the clinician. As a whole, we found that activated subgraphs corresponded to brain regions involved during the course of the seizures and their time course were highly consistent with classical visual interpretation
Cohen, Jérémy E. "Fouille de données tensorielles environnementales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT054/document.
Full textAmong commonly used data mining techniques, few are those which are able to take advantage of the multiway structure of data in the form of a multiway array. In contrast, tensor decomposition techniques specifically look intricate processes underlying the data, where each of these processes can be used to describe all ways of the data array. The work reported in the following pages aims at incorporating various external knowledge into the tensor canonical polyadic decomposition, which is usually understood as a blind model. The first two chapters of this manuscript introduce tensor decomposition techniques making use respectively of a mathematical and application framework. In the third chapter, the many faces of constrained decompositions are explored, including a unifying framework for constrained decomposition, some decomposition algorithms, compression and dictionary-based tensor decomposition. The fourth chapter discusses the inclusion of subject variability modeling when multiple arrays of data are available stemming from one or multiple subjects sharing similarities. State of the art techniques are studied and expressed as particular cases of a more general flexible coupling model later introduced. The chapter ends on a discussion on dimensionality reduction when subject variability is involved, as well a some open problems
Marinho, Ramos de Oliveira Pedro. "Modélisation Tensorielle de l'ECG pour l'Analyse de la Fibrillation Atriale Persistante." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03177971.
Full textAtrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia diagnosed in clinical practice, responsible for high hospitalization and death rates. Furthermore, the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying this cardiac rhythm disorder are not completely understood. A non-invasive and efficient strategy to study this challenging cardiac condition is analyzing the atrial activity (AA) from the Electrocardiogram (ECG). However, the AA during AF is masked by the ventricular activity (VA) in each heartbeat and often presents a very low amplitude, hampering its analysis. Throughout the years, signal processing methods have helped cardiologists in the study of AF by extracting the AA from the ECG. In particular, matrix-based blind source separation (BSS) methods have proven to be ecient AA extraction tools. However, some constraints need to be imposed to guarantee the uniqueness of such matrix factorization techniques that, although mathematically coherent, may lack physiological grounds and hinder results interpretation. In contrast, tensor decompositions can ensure uniqueness under more relaxed constraints. Particularly, the block term decomposition (BTD), recently proposed as a BSS technique, can be unique under some constraints over its matrix factors, easily satisfying in the mathematical and physiological sense. In addition, cardiac sources can be well modeled by specific mathematical functions that, when mapped into the structured matrix factors of BTD, present a link with their rank. Another advantage over matrix-based methods is that the tensor approach is able to extract AA from very short ECG recordings. The present doctoral thesis has its first focus on the investigation of the Hankel-BTD as an AA extraction tool in persistent AF episodes, with validation based on statistical experiments over a population of AF patients and several types of ECG segments. ECG recordings with a short interval between heartbeats and an AA with significantly low amplitude are challenging cases common in this stage of the arrhythmia. Such cases motivate the use of other tensor-based approach to estimate an AA signal with better quality, the Löwner-BTD. Such an approach is presented along a novel optimal strategy to ensure the Löwner structure that is implemented as a variant of a recently proposed robust algorithm for BTD computation. Another contribution is the model of persistent AF ECGs by a coupled Hankel-BTD, which shows some advantages in terms of improved AA extraction and reduced computational cost over its non-coupled counterpart. Further contributions focus on challenges that arise from the problem of AA extraction from AF ECGs, such as detecting the AA source among the other separated sources in real experiments, where the ground truth it's unknown. For this task, several approaches that use machine learning algorithms and neural networks are assessed, providing satisfactory accuracy. Another challenge that is dealt with is the difficulty in measuring the quality of AA estimation. Here, new indices for AA estimation quality from ECG recordings during AF are proposed and assessed. In summary, this PhD thesis provides the first thorough investigation of the application of tensor-based signal processing techniques to the analysis of atrial fibrillation, showing the interest of the tensor approach and its potential in the management and understanding of this challenging cardiac condition
Coloigner, Julie. "Line search and trust region strategies for canonical decomposition of semi-nonnegative semi-symmetric tensors." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S172.
Full textPendant cette thèse, des méthodes numériques pour décomposer canoniquement des tableaux d'ordre 3 semi-nonnégatifs et semi-symétriques ont été proposées. Ces tableaux possèdent deux matrices de facteurs identiques à composantes positives. Ils apparaissent en séparation aveugle de sources lorsque l'on souhaite diagonaliser conjointement par congruence un ensemble de tranches matricielles de tableaux d'un mélange nonnégatif de sources independantes. Nous nous sommes intéressés à deux familles d'optimisation : la première est celle de la recherche linéaire, combinant le calcul d'une direction de descente basée sur des dérivées de premier et deuxième ordre à la recherche d'un pas optimal ; la seconde est celle de la région de confiance. Ces familles prennent en compte non seulement l'égalité mais aussi la nonnégativité de deux des trois matrices de facteurs par un changement de variable, carré ou exponentiel, permettant ainsi de se ramener à un problème d'optimisation sans contrainte. Le calcul des dérivées est effectué matriciellement pour la plupart des methodes proposées, ce qui permet une implémentation efficace de ces dernières dans un langage de programmation matricielle. Nos simulations sur des données aléatoires montrent un gain en performance par comparaison avec des méthodes n'exploitant aucun a priori notamment dans des contextes difficiles : faibles valeurs de rapport signal à bruit, collinearité des facteurs, et valeurs de rang excédant la plus grande des dimensions. Nos algorithmes sont aussi testés sur données simulées et semi-simulées de spectroscopie à résonance magnétique dans le cadre de l'analyse en composantes indépendantes (ICA) et comparés à des méthodes classiques d'ICA et de factorisation matricielle nonnégative
Magbonde, Abilé. "Séparation de signaux électromyographiques de surface à haute densité pour la réduction de la diaphonie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT008.
Full textThe use of surface electromyographic (EMG) signals in a biomechanical, therapeutic, or control perspective requires a high spatial selectivity of the signals. In the case of adjacent muscles, this constraint is rarely met, making EMG signal utilization challenging. Crosstalk, or signal contamination inherent in recordings, must be eliminated.This thesis aims to propose methods for separating crosstalk when the extensor muscles of the index and little finger contract simultaneously. Our work focuses on extracting the muscle activity associated with each muscle in a source separation context. To achieve this, the initial part of the work involved creating a high-quality and usable database by non-invasively recording EMG signals from electrode arrays and formatting it for the scientific community's use. In the next phase, various signal processing approaches were employed to reduce crosstalk. Ultimately, we present a method based on non-negative tensor decomposition of the PARAFAC2 type applied to the envelopes of EMG signals obtained through root mean square (RMS) on sliding windows to separate the activity of each muscle. The uniqueness of the proposed model lies in the addition of two primary constraints in addition to those associated with PARAFAC2. The first constraint is related to muscle physiology and involves spatial continuity in the acquisition maps, while the second constraint is specific to our experimental protocol and introduces sparsity.The model was tested and validated on real signals and artificial mixtures of real signals. The proposed method demonstrates superior separation performance compared to the NN-PARAFAC2 algorithm and, more broadly, relative to conventional source separation methods. The document concludes by discussing its limitations and potential future directions
Boizard, Maxime. "Développement et études de performances de nouveaux détecteurs/filtres rang faible dans des configurations RADAR multidimensionnelles." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996967.
Full textWestin, Carl-Fredrik. "A Tensor Framework for Multidimensional Signal Processing." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Bildbehandling, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54274.
Full textMaurandi, Victor. "Algorithmes pour la diagonalisation conjointe de tenseurs sans contrainte unitaire. Application à la séparation MIMO de sources de télécommunications numériques." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0009/document.
Full textThis thesis develops joint diagonalization of matrices and third-order tensors methods for MIMO source separation in the field of digital telecommunications. After a state of the art, the motivations and the objectives are presented. Then the joint diagonalisation and the blind source separation issues are defined and a link between both fields is established. Thereafter, five Jacobi-like iterative algorithms based on an LU parameterization are developed. For each of them, we propose to derive the diagonalization matrix by optimizing an inverse criterion. Two ways are investigated : minimizing the criterion in a direct way or assuming that the elements from the considered set are almost diagonal. Regarding the parameters derivation, two strategies are implemented : one consists in estimating each parameter independently, the other consists in the independent derivation of couple of well-chosen parameters. Hence, we propose three algorithms for the joint diagonalization of symmetric complex matrices or hermitian ones. The first one relies on searching for the roots of the criterion derivative, the second one relies on a minor eigenvector research and the last one relies on a gradient descent method enhanced by computation of the optimal adaptation step. In the framework of joint diagonalization of symmetric, INDSCAL or non symmetric third-order tensors, we have developed two algorithms. For each of them, the parameters derivation is done by computing the roots of the considered criterion derivative. We also show the link between the joint diagonalization of a third-order tensor set and the canonical polyadic decomposition of a fourth-order tensor. We confront both methods through numerical simulations. The good behavior of the proposed algorithms is illustrated by means of computing simulations. Finally, they are applied to the source separation of digital telecommunication signals
Lima, Ferrer de Almeida André. "Tensor modeling and signal processing for wireless communication systems." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4056.
Full textIn several signal processing applications for wireless communications, the received signal is multidimensional in nature and may exhibit a multilinear algebraic structure. In this context, the PARAFAC tensor decomposition has been the subject of several works in the past six years. However, generalized tensor decompositions are necessary for covering a wider class of wireless communications systems with more complex transmission structures, more realistic channel models and more efficient receiver signal processing. This thesis investigates tensor modelling approaches for multiple-antenna systems, channel equalization, signal separation and parametric channel estimation? New tensor decompositions, namely, the block-constrained PARAFAC and CONFAC decompositions are developed and studied in terms of identifiability. Fist, the block-constrained PARAFAC decompositions applied for a unified tensor modelling of oversampled, DS-CDMA and OFDM systems applications to blind multiuser equalization. This decomposition is also used for modelling multiple-antenna (MIMO) transmission systems with block space-time spreading and blind detection, which generalizes previous tensor-based MIMO transmission models. The CONFAC decomposition is then exploited for designing new uniqueness properties of this decomposition? This thesis also studies new applications f third-order PARAFAC decomposition? A new space-time-frequency spreading system is proposed for multicarrier multiple-access systems, where this decomposition is used as a joint spreading and multiplexing tool at the transmitter using tridimensional spreading code with trilinear structure. Finally, we present a PARAC modelling approach for the parametric estimation of SIMO and MIMO multipath wireless channels with time-varying structure
Ben, Abdelghani Afef. "Minimisation des courants de mode commun dans les variateurs de vitesse asynchrones alimentés par onduleurs de tension multicellulaires." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT021H.
Full textLandström, Anders. "Adaptive tensor-based morphological filtering and analysis of 3D profile data." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Signaler och system, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26510.
Full textGodkänd; 2012; 20121017 (andlan); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämne: Signalbehandling/Signal Processing Examinator: Universitetslektor Matthew Thurley, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Associate Professor Cris Luengo, Centre for Image Analysis, Uppsala Tid: Onsdag den 21 november 2012 kl 12.30 Plats: A1545, Luleå tekniska universitet
Morette, Nathalie. "Mesure et analyse par apprentissage artificiel des décharges partielles sous haute tension continue pour la reconnaissance de l'état de dégradation des isolants électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS006.
Full textPartial discharges (PD) are one of the key drivers of degradation and ageing of insulating materials used in high-voltage switchgear. Consequently, partial discharges measurement has become an essential assessment tool for the monitoring of insulation systems. Given the continuing growth of renewable energy, the transport under direct current (DC) is economically advantageous. However, the relationship between partial discharges characteristics and the degradation of cables insulation under high voltage direct current (HVDC) remains unclear. In this work, a methodology is proposed for ageing state recognition of electrical insulation systems based on PD measurements under DC. For this purpose, original measuring devices have been developed and PD measurements were performed within different cable types under HVDC. In order to ensure a reliable monitoring and diagnosis of the insulation, noise signals must be eliminated. This thesis tackles the problem of the discrimination of partial discharge and noise signals acquired in different environments by applying machine learning methods. The techniques developed are a promising tool to improve the diagnosis of HV equipment under HVDC, where the need to discard automatically noise signals with high accuracy is of great importance. Once disturbances were eliminated from the databases, ageing state recognition was performed on different cable types. The feature extraction, ranking and selection methods, combined with classification techniques allowed to obtain recognition rates up to 100%
Chaouki, Saïd. "Logiciel de traitement du signal." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES024.
Full textChaouki, Saïd. "Logiciel de traitement du signal." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376038369.
Full textSilva, Alex Pereira da. "Tensor techniques in signal processing: algorithms for the canonical polyadic decomposition (PARAFAC)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19361.
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Low rank tensor decomposition has been playing for the last years an important role in many applications such as blind source separation, telecommunications, sensor array processing, neuroscience, chemometrics, and data mining. The Canonical Polyadic tensor decomposition is very attractive when compared to standard matrix-based tools, manly on system identification. In this thesis, we propose: (i) several algorithms to compute specific low rank-approximations: finite/iterative rank-1 approximations, iterative deflation approximations, and orthogonal tensor decompositions. (ii) A new strategy to solve multivariate quadratic systems, where this problem is reduced to a best rank-1 tensor approximation problem. (iii) Theoretical results to study and proof the performance or the convergence of some algorithms. All performances are supported by numerical experiments
Gomes, Paulo Ricardo Barboza. "Tensor Methods for Blind Spatial Signature Estimation." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11635.
Full textIn this dissertation the problem of spatial signature and direction of arrival estimation in Linear 2L-Shape and Planar arrays is investigated Methods based on tensor decompositions are proposed to treat the problem of estimating blind spatial signatures disregarding the use of training sequences and knowledge of the covariance structure of the sources By assuming that the power of the sources varies between successive time blocks decompositions for tensors of third and fourth orders obtained from spatial and spatio-temporal covariance of the received data in the array are proposed from which iterative algorithms are formulated to estimate spatial signatures of the sources Then greater spatial diversity is achieved by using the Spatial Smoothing in the 2L-Shape and Planar arrays In that case the estimation of the direction of arrival of the sources can not be obtained directly from the formulated algorithms The factorization of the Khatri-Rao product is then incorporated into these algorithms making it possible extracting estimates for the azimuth and elevation angles from matrices obtained using this method A distinguishing feature of the proposed tensor methods is their efficiency to treat the cases where the covariance matrix of the sources is non-diagonal and unknown which generally happens when working with sample data covariances computed from a reduced number of snapshots
Nesta dissertaÃÃo o problema de estimaÃÃo de assinaturas espaciais e consequentemente da direÃÃo de chegada dos sinais incidentes em arranjos Linear 2L-Shape e Planar à investigado MÃtodos baseados em decomposiÃÃes tensoriais sÃo propostos para tratar o problema de estimaÃÃo cega de assinaturas espaciais desconsiderando a utilizaÃÃo de sequÃncias de treinamento e o conhecimento da estrutura de covariÃncia das fontes Ao assumir que a potÃncia das fontes varia entre blocos de tempos sucessivos decomposiÃÃes para tensores de terceira e quarta ordem obtidas a partir da covariÃncia espacial e espaÃo-temporal dos dados recebidos no arranjo de sensores sÃo propostas a partir das quais algoritmos iterativos sÃo formulados para estimar a assinatura espacial das fontes em seguida uma maior diversidade espacial à alcanÃada utilizando a tÃcnica Spatial Smoothing na recepÃÃo de sinais nos arranjos 2L-Shape e Planar Nesse caso as estimaÃÃes da direÃÃo de chegada das fontes nÃo podem ser obtidas diretamente a partir dos algoritmos formulados de forma que a fatoraÃÃo do produto de Khatri-Rao à incorporada a estes algoritmos tornando possÃvel a obtenÃÃo de estimaÃÃes para os Ãngulos de azimute e elevaÃÃo a partir das matrizes obtidas utilizando este mÃtodo Uma caracterÃstica marcante dos mÃtodos tensoriais propostos està presente na eficiÃncia obtida no tratamento de casos em que a matriz de covariÃncia das fontes à nÃo-diagonal e desconhecida o que geralmente ocorre quando se trabalha com covariÃncias de amostras reais calculadas a partir de um nÃmero reduzido de snapshots
Maho, Pierre. "Traitement du Signal pour l'Olfaction Artificielle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT040.
Full textIn Nature, olfaction is a key sense used by most species of animals for detecting, tracking and recognizing odors in the environment. An electronic nose is an instrument that takes inspiration from natural olfaction in order to detect volatile compounds. The main characteristic of this kind of instruments is that they use weakly-specific chemical sensors. This weak specificity allows the device to be sensitive to a broad range of volatile compounds, making it useful for a large range of applications. However, these instruments are still not a widespread technology. The small number of sensors used and the lack of repeatability of the instrument over time are some possible causes. In addition, the weak specificity of the sensors is sometimes a liability. For instance, in the case of gas mixtures, each compound contributes to the response of a chemical sensor according to its contribution to the mixture. In this thesis, we tackle several of these issues using a new instrument developed by Aryballe. Compared to other systems, this device boards a large number of sensors and this number can be easily increased. This electronic nose has already shown promising results in laboratory conditions. In the same vein, the thesis reveals the ability of the instrument to tell two mirror molecules apart. However, an electronic nose is not meant to be used only in in the laboratory but must be useful in everyday conditions, just like its biological counterpart. To that end, we have developed different robotic setups, mimicking the search for multiple gas sources in the environment. They have allowed us to study recognition performance and gas unmixing in realistic conditions. In this context, new algorithms have been designed to classify and unmix signals in real-time. Finally, the thesis has also studied the repeatability of the instrument over 9 months. Correction methods have been proposed and allow the use of the instrument to be greatly extended
Comon, Pierre. "Quelques développements récents en traitement du signal." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473197.
Full textBomel, Yann. "Bibliothèque d'opérateurs de traitement numérique du signal." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0067.
Full textThe ES2 data path is functionally parametrisable (using an operator library). The bus width is also parametrisable from 8 to 72 bits. Compilation is automatic and produces the following: 1)a high density layout block (about 5200 transistors/mm2 with a 1μm process), 2) an electrical schematic and symbol, 3) a place and route view, 4) a view for simulation with back-annotation of nodes. Routing optimization is assisted by a Symbolic and Interactive Manual Placement tool. Up to 12 routing tracks are usually available per bit slice. Data path includes a control section, with buffers, which are automatically dimensioned to fit input operator capacitances. A specific device in the control section reduces skew and race of clock signals. The control portion may be automatically generated and/or manually handled by user
Bouras, Bouhafs. "Traitement du signal adapté aux signaux GPS." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/357ad253-2be4-452d-ad4e-eb2a9e8ef7b6.
Full textChamberod, Eric. "Capteur interactif à traitement de signal intégré." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0126.
Full textShelton, Joel A. "Consensus Model of Families of Images using Tensor-based Fourier Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3038.
Full textDiop, Mamadou. "Décomposition booléenne des tableaux multi-dimensionnels de données binaires : une approche par modèle de mélange post non-linéaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0222/document.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the study of boolean decompositions of binary multidimensional arrays using a post nonlinear mixture model. In the first part, we introduce a new approach for the boolean factorization of binary matrices (BFBM) based on a post nonlinear mixture model. Unlike the existing binary matrix factorization methods, the proposed method is equivalent to the boolean factorization model when the matrices are strictly binary and give thus more interpretable results in the case of correlated sources and lower rank matrix approximations compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms. A necessary and suffi-cient condition for the uniqueness of the BFBM is also provided. Two algorithms based on multiplicative update rules are proposed and tested in numerical simulations, as well as on a real dataset. The gener-alization of this approach to the case of binary multidimensional arrays (tensors) leads to the boolean factorisation of binary tensors (BFBT). The proof of the necessary and sufficient condition for the boolean decomposition of binary tensors is based on a notion of boolean independence of binary vectors. The multiplicative algorithm based on the post nonlinear mixture model is extended to the multidimensional case. We also propose a new algorithm based on an AO-ADMM (Alternating Optimization-ADMM) strategy. These algorithms are compared to state-of-the-art algorithms on simulated and on real data
Veizaga, Arevalo Maria. "Automation of power quality diagnosis of industrial electrical grids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST158.
Full textThe demand for power quality analysis has increased over the past decades. Voltage sags are the most frequent and impactful disturbances in industrial power grids, leading to high financial losses for industrial clients. The core of this thesis work is dedicated to the classification of voltage sag causes and their relative location to the monitoring point. The solution uses voltage and current waveforms as input to identify the causes of voltage sags in LV industrial grids. The methodology is based on four-dimension time series signatures, obtained through the application of the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and the Fortescue Transform. The source of a voltage sag is identified using a distance-based classification strategy with a custom distance measure based on the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm (DTW). In addition, the soft-DTW algorithm is used to reduce the size of the signature training database and increase speed. The performance of the method was analyzed in terms of class separability, prediction efficiency (accuracy and robustness to noise), and sensitivity to fundamental frequency variations. The proposal is resilient regarding noise levels up to an SNR = 15 dB and fundamental frequency variations up to +/- 0.5 Hz. Moreover, a confidence index on the prediction is proposed, increasing the algorithm's reliability. The proposal offers an easy implementation in industrial applications with no previous recorded data. It has the benefit of using a reduced-size reference database, entirely composed of synthetic data. The main advantages of the proposed method are its generalization capabilities and the possibility of raising an alert based on the confidence index. The obtained classification accuracy on synthetic data with seven causes is 100%. The method reaches a classification F1-score higher than 99% with field measurements representing five classes obtained from three different industrial sites. Finally, we also study the impact of voltage sags on industrial equipment. We propose a methodology to estimate the self-disconnected load composition following a voltage sag. The results showed some limitations in terms of harmonic interaction among the loads. Some of the limits of this approach are discussed, and several proposals to improve the load composition estimation for future work are made
Tremblay, Nicolas. "Réseaux et signal : des outils de traitement du signal pour l'analyse des réseaux." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0938/document.
Full textThis thesis describes new tools specifically designed for the analysis of networks such as social, transportation, neuronal, protein, communication networks... These networks, along with the rapid expansion of electronic, IT and mobile technologies are increasingly monitored and measured. Adapted tools of analysis are therefore very much in demand, which need to be universal, powerful, and precise enough to be able to extract useful information from very different possibly large networks. To this end, a large community of researchers from various disciplines have concentrated their efforts on the analysis of graphs, well define mathematical tools modeling the interconnected structure of networks. Among all the considered directions of research, graph signal processing brings a new and promising vision : a signal is no longer defined on a regular n-dimensional topology, but on a particular topology defined by the graph. To apply these new ideas on the practical problems of network analysis paves the way to an analysis firmly rooted in signal processing theory. It is precisely this frontier between signal processing and network science that we explore throughout this thesis, as shown by two of its major contributions. Firstly, a multiscale version of community detection in networks is proposed, based on the recent definition of graph wavelets. Then, a network-adapted bootstrap method is introduced, that enables statistical estimation based on carefully designed graph resampling schemes
Colman, Pierre. "Circuits nanophotoniques pour le traitement optique du signal." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066471.
Full textThe present work focused on non-linear propagation in Photonic Cristal waveguides. Photonic Crystals are composed of a semiconductor membrane patterned with a periodic air-hole structure. Owing to the Photonic Band Gap they exhibit, the light can then be confined on very small surfaces (<2µm²) and slowed down (ng>20). Hence power intensity of a few tens of GW/cm² are accessible using only Watt level input lasers, which can be provided by laser diodes. This opens up perspectives for on chip integration of all-optical function. Because dispersion controls the dynamics of nonlinear effects, we first aimed at a way to tailor it. Thus, we proposed a new design based on symmetry considerations; and we were able to obtain a large variety of dispersion features. Combined with efforts put on the reduction of propagation loss, especially the use of suitable semiconductor materials with minimised nonlinear absorption (e. G. GaInP), we observed for the first time the propagation of an optical soliton in a 1. 5mm-long PhC waveguide. A soliton propagates while preserving its shape, albeit the presence of a strong chromatic dispersion. This opens up access to the study others nonlinear propagation phenomena in the picosecond, Watt power regime. Thus we observed soliton-effect pulse compression where a 3ps pulse is compressed down to 600fs. We also investigated Four Wave Mixing process in the pulsed regime: the efficient parametric process resulted in a conversion efficiency of about 0dB. Finally, we observed new effects like a Raman-free Soliton Self Frequency Shift and optical Cherenkov Radiation in PhCs
Dumont, Philippe. "Spécification multidimensionnelle pour le traitement du signal systématique." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Dumont.pdf.
Full textGuennouni, Jamal. "Simulation de circuits adaptés au traitement du signal /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35030463p.
Full textDumont, Philippe Boulet Pierre. "Spécification multidimensionnelle pour le traitement du signal systématique." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/363.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3756. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 119-122.
Fontaine, Mathieu. "Processus alpha-stables pour le traitement du signal." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0037/document.
Full textIt is classic in signal processing to model the observed signal as the sum of desired signals. If we adopt a probabilistic model, it is preferable that law of the additive processes is stable by summation. The Gaussian process notoriously satisfies this condition. It admits useful statistical operators as the covariance and the mean. The existence of those moments allows to provide a statistical model for SSS. However, Gaussian process has difficulty to deviate from its mean. This drawback limits signal dynamics and may cause unstable inference methods. On the contrary, non-Gaussian α - stable processes are stable under addition, and permit the modeling of signals with considerable dynamics. For the last few decades, α -stable theory have raised mathematical challenges and have already been shown to be effective in filtering applications. This class of processes enjoys outstanding properties, not available in the Gaussian case. A major asset for signal processing is the unique spatial representation of a multivariate α - stable vector, controlled by a so-called spectral measure and a deterministic vector. The spectral measure provides information on the global energy coming from all space directions while the vector localizes the centroid of the probability density function. This thesis introduces several α -stables models, with the aim of extending them in several directions. First, we propose an extension of single-channel α - stable filtering theory to a multichannel one. In particular, a novel spatial representation for α - stable vectors is proposed. Secondly, we develop α - stable models for denoising where each component could admit a different α . This hybrid model provides a rigorous explanation of some heuristic Wiener filters outlined in the 1980s. We also describe how the α - stable theory yields a new method for audio source localization. We use the spectral measure resulting from the spatial representation of α - stable vectors. In practice, it leads to determine whether a source is active at a specific location. Our work consisted in investigating the α -stable theory for signal processing and developing several models for a wide range of applications. The models introduced in this thesis could also be extend to more signal processing tasks. We could use our mutivariate α - stable models to dereverberation or SSS. Moreover, the localization algorithm is implementable for room geometry estimation
Joachim, Christian. "Contribution au traitement moléculaire du signal : comportements intramoléculaires." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ESAE0002.
Full textRenard, Nadine. "Traitement du signal tensoriel. Application à l'imagerie hyperspectrale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30062.
Full textThis thesis focus on developing new algebraic methods for hyperspectral applications. The proposed method are original because based on new data representation using third-order tensor. This data representation involves the use of multilinear algebra tools. The proposed methods are referred to as multiway or multimodal methods. TUCKER tensor decompositionbased methods jointly analyze the spatial and spectral modes using an alternating least squares algorithm. This thesis focus on two problematics specific to hyperspectral images. The first one concerns noise reduction. The considered additive noise is due to the acquisition system and degrades the target detection efficiency. A robust to noise detection technique is proposed by incorporating a multimodal Wiener filter. The spatial and spectral n-mode filters are estimated by minimizing the mean squared error between the desired and estimated tensors. The second problematic is the spectral dimension reduction. The curse of the dimensionality degrades the statistical estimation for the classification process. For this issue, the proposed multimodal reduction method reduces the spectral mode by linear transformation jointly to the lower spatial ranks approximation. This method extends the traditional dimension reduction methods. These two multimodal methods are respectively assessed in respect to their impact on detection and classification efficiency. These results highlight the interest of the spatial/spectral analysis in comparison to the traditional spectral analysis only and the hybrid ones which process sequentially the spectral and the spatial mode
Fety, Luc. "Méthodes de traitement d'antenne adaptées aux radiocommunications /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb350402609.
Full textMinaoui, Khalid. "Séquences binaires et traitements du signal." Télécom Bretagne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELB0142.
Full textThe main task of radars (Radio Detection and Ranging) is to detect targets and to determine their distance from the radar transmitter. They have been studied in numerous academic and industrial developments. These developments concern in particular onboard radars that are now being developed for several applications in consumer electronic devices. Recent developments in radar systems have been made possible thanks to advances in electronics, computing and signals processing. This thesis aims to contribute to the radar signal processing and particularly for applications related to collision avoidance systems. This work was developed along two main axes. On one hand, we have contributed to the study of radar waveforms constituted by pseudo-random sequences. In this context, we first examined the sequences presented in the literature by recalling their performance in terms of the merit factor, defined as the ratio between the energy of the main peak and the correlation of secondary lobes of the autocorrelation function. Given the difficulty of building very efficient waveforms constituted by sequences of contiguous symbols, we have considered then the use of Golay pairs, and more generally Golay sets, which have an infinite merit factor when they are separated by guard intervals. More generally, we have highlighted the good properties of their ambiguity functions. In particular, we have checked that the multipulse emission of Golay sequences allows good rejection of the ambiguity function side lobes, and very good estimation of the parameters of distance and relative speed of other vehicles. The second theme developed in this thesis concerns the rapid calculation of the cross-ambiguity function between a sent wave and the received echoes. This calculation makes it possible to simultaneously locate a set of targets in the time-frequency plane. In this context, we have studied Gauss-Legendre and Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature techniques, for which we have studied analytically the disturbances on the quadrature introduced by the fact that they must be calculated from sampled signals. In addition, with a view to reduce the computational complexity of the calculation of ambiguity functions, we have considered number theoretic transforms, and in particular Fermat number transforms, for which multiplications simply amount to bit shifts, leading thus to significant computational burden reduction
Fachrudin, Imam. "Traitement du signal ECG - approche par la transformation en ondelettes." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES040.
Full text